1
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Lee J, Lee B, Lee Y, Kim A, Lee DG, Lim H, Song HK. Low-Voltage Hydrogen Production via Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation Facilitated by Oxo Ligand Axially Coordinated to Cobalt in Phthalocyanine Moiety. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303263. [PMID: 37434049 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
A cobalt phthalocyanine having an electron-poor CoN4 (+δ) in its phthalocyanine moiety was presented as an electrocatalyst for hydrogen peroxide oxidation reaction (HPOR). We suggested that hydrogen peroxide as an electrolysis medium for hydrogen production and therefore as a hydrogen carrier, demonstrating that the electrocatalyst guaranteed high hydrogen production rate by hydrogen peroxide splitting. The electron deficiency of cobalt allows CoN4 to have the highly HPOR-active monovalent oxidation state and facilitates HPOR at small overpotentials range around the onset potential. The strong interaction between the electron-deficient cobalt and oxygen of peroxide adsorbates in Co─OOH- encourages an axially coordinated cobalt oxo complex (O═CoN4 ) to form, the O═CoN4 facilitating the HPOR efficiently at high overpotentials. Low-voltage oxygen evolution reaction guaranteeing low-voltage hydrogen production is successfully demonstrated in the presence of the metal-oxo complex having electron-deficient CoN4 . Hydrogen production by 391 mA cm-2 at 1 V and 870 mA cm-2 at 1.5 V is obtained. Also, the techno-economic benefit of hydrogen peroxide as a hydrogen carrier is evaluated by comparing hydrogen peroxide with other hydrogen carriers such as ammonia and liquid organic hydrogen carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Boreum Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Yeongdae Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Ahyeon Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Hankwon Lim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Kon Song
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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2
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Liu T, Li W, Wang DZ, Luo T, Fei M, Shin D, Waegele MM, Wang D. Low Catalyst Loading Enhances Charge Accumulation for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307909. [PMID: 37382150 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Solar water oxidation is a critical step in artificial photosynthesis. Successful completion of the process requires four holes and releases four protons. It depends on the consecutive accumulation of charges at the active site. While recent research has shown an obvious dependence of the reaction kinetics on the hole concentrations on the surface of heterogeneous (photo)electrodes, little is known about how the catalyst density impacts the reaction rate. Using atomically dispersed Ir catalysts on hematite, we report a study on how the interplay between the catalyst density and the surface hole concentration influences the reaction kinetics. At low photon flux, where surface hole concentrations are low, faster charge transfer was observed on photoelectrodes with low catalyst density compared to high catalyst density; at high photon flux and high applied potentials, where surface hole concentrations are moderate or high, slower surface charge recombination was afforded by low-density catalysts. The results support that charge transfer between the light absorber and the catalyst is reversible; they reveal the unexpected benefits of low-density catalyst loading in facilitating forward charge transfer for desired chemical reactions. It is implied that for practical solar water splitting devices, a suitable catalyst loading is important for maximized performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - David Z Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Tongtong Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Muchun Fei
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Dongyoon Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Matthias M Waegele
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Dunwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
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3
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Massad RN, Cheshire TP, Fan C, Houle FA. Water oxidation by a dye-catalyst diad in natural sunlight: timing and coordination of excitations and reactions across timescales of picoseconds to hours. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1997-2008. [PMID: 36845923 PMCID: PMC9945043 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06966k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of how dyes and catalysts for solar-driven transformations such as water oxidation to form O2 work have been intensively investigated, however little is known about how their independent photophysical and chemical processes work together. The level of coordination between the dye and the catalyst in time determines the overall water oxidation system's efficiency. In this computational stochastic kinetics study, we have examined coordination and timing for a Ru-based dye-catalyst diad, [P2Ru(4-mebpy-4'-bimpy)Ru(tpy)(OH2)]4+, where P2 is 4,4'-bisphosphonato-2,2'-bipyridine, 4-mebpy-4'-bimpy is 4-(methylbipyridin-4'-yl)-N-benzimid-N'-pyridine, a bridging ligand, and tpy is (2,2':6',2''-terpyridine), taking advantage of the extensive data available for both dye and catalyst, and direct studies of the diads bound to a semiconductor surface. The simulation results for both ensembles of diads and single diads show that progress through the generally accepted water oxidation catalytic cycle is not controlled by the relatively low flux of solar irradiation or by charge or excitation losses, rather is gated by buildup of intermediates whose chemical reactions are not accelerated by photoexcitations. The stochastics of these thermal reactions govern the level of coordination between the dye and the catalyst. This suggests that catalytic efficiency can be improved in these multiphoton catalytic cycles by providing a means for photostimulation of all intermediates so that the catalytic rate is governed by charge injection under solar illumination alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi N. Massad
- College of Chemistry, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA
| | - Thomas P. Cheshire
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA
| | - Chenqi Fan
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Frances A. Houle
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA
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4
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Wang D, Groves JT. Energy Landscape for the Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Water by a Single-Site Oxomanganese(V) Porphyrin. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13667-13672. [PMID: 35993714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A cationic manganese porphyrin, MnIII-TDMImP, is an efficient, homogeneous, single-site water oxidation electrocatalyst at neutral pH. The measured turnover frequency for oxygen production is 32 s-1. Mechanistic analyses indicate that MnV(O)(OH2), the protonated form of the corresponding trans-MnV(O)2 species, is generated from the MnIII(OH2)2 precursor in a 2-e- two-proton process and is responsible for O-O bond formation with a H2O molecule. Chloride ion is a competitive substrate with H2O for the MnV(O)(OH2) oxidant, forming hypochlorous acid with a rate constant that is 3 orders of magnitude larger than that of water oxidation. The data allow the construction of an experimental energy landscape for this water oxidation catalysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - John T Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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5
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Wang D, Xu Z, Sheridan MV, Concepcion JJ, Li F, Lian T, Meyer TJ. Photodriven water oxidation initiated by a surface bound chromophore-donor-catalyst assembly. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14441-14450. [PMID: 34880995 PMCID: PMC8580115 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03896f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In photosynthesis, solar energy is used to produce solar fuels in the form of new chemical bonds. A critical step to mimic photosystem II (PS II), a key protein in nature's photosynthesis, for artificial photosynthesis is designing devices for efficient light-driven water oxidation. Here, we describe a single molecular assembly electrode that duplicates the key components of PSII. It consists of a polypyridyl light absorber, chemically linked to an intermediate electron donor, with a molecular-based water oxidation catalyst on a SnO2/TiO2 core/shell electrode. The synthetic device mimics PSII in achieving sustained, light-driven water oxidation catalysis. It highlights the value of the tyrosine–histidine pair in PSII in achieving efficient water oxidation catalysis in artificial photosynthetic devices. We describe a single molecular assembly electrode that mimics PSII. Flash photolysis revealed the electron transfer steps between chromophore light absorption and the creation and storage of redox equivalents in the catalyst for water oxidation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Degao Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang 315201 China .,Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH Zhongchuangyi Road, Hangzhou Bay District Ningbo Zhejiang 315336 China.,Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Zihao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Matthew V Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | | | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
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6
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Wang D, Huang Q, Shi W, You W, Meyer TJ. Application of Atomic Layer Deposition in Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrosynthesis Cells. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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Wang D, Hu J, Sherman BD, Sheridan MV, Yan L, Dares CJ, Zhu Y, Li F, Huang Q, You W, Meyer TJ. A molecular tandem cell for efficient solar water splitting. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:13256-13260. [PMID: 32482883 PMCID: PMC7306789 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001753117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis provides a way to store solar energy in chemical bonds. Achieving water splitting without an applied external potential bias provides the key to artificial photosynthetic devices. We describe here a tandem photoelectrochemical cell design that combines a dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cell (DSPEC) and an organic solar cell (OSC) in a photoanode for water oxidation. When combined with a Pt electrode for H2 evolution, the electrode becomes part of a combined electrochemical cell for water splitting, 2H2O → O2 + 2H2, by increasing the voltage of the photoanode sufficiently to drive bias-free reduction of H+ to H2 The combined electrode gave a 1.5% solar conversion efficiency for water splitting with no external applied bias, providing a mimic for the tandem cell configuration of PSII in natural photosynthesis. The electrode provided sustained water splitting in the molecular photoelectrode with sustained photocurrent densities of 1.24 mA/cm2 for 1 h under 1-sun illumination with no applied bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Degao Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 315201 Ningbo, Zhejiang, China;
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 315336 Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Benjamin D Sherman
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129
| | - Matthew V Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Christopher J Dares
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199
| | - Yong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 315201 Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 315336 Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;
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8
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Cerfontaine S, Troian-Gautier L, Wehlin SAM, Loiseau F, Cauët E, Elias B. Tuning the excited-state deactivation pathways of dinuclear ruthenium(ii) 2,2′-bipyridine complexes through bridging ligand design. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:8096-8106. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01216e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A detailed photophysical study of binuclear complexes was performed using steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements at variable temperature. The results were compared with the prototypical [Ru(bpy)3]2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Cerfontaine
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)
- Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN)
- Molecular Chemistry
- Materials and Catalysis (MOST)
- 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Sara A. M. Wehlin
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - Frédérique Loiseau
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes (UGA)
- 38058 Grenoble
- France
| | - Emilie Cauët
- Spectroscopy
- Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (CP 160/09)
- Université libre de Bruxelles
- B-1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Benjamin Elias
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)
- Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN)
- Molecular Chemistry
- Materials and Catalysis (MOST)
- 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
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9
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Müller AV, de Oliveira KT, Meyer GJ, Polo AS. Inhibiting Charge Recombination in cis-Ru(NCS) 2 Diimine Sensitizers with Aromatic Substituents. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:43223-43234. [PMID: 31647635 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of cis-[Ru(LL)(dcbH2)(NCS)2] compounds, where dcbH2 = 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid and LL = 1,10-phenanthroline (Ru(phen)), 4,7-dipyrrole-1,10-phenanthroline (Ru(pyr)), 4,7-diindole-1,10-phenanthroline (Ru(ind)), or 4,7-dicarbazole-1,10-phenanthroline (Ru(cbz)), was investigated for application as sensitizers in mesoporous TiO2 dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). A systematic increase in the number of rings of the aromatic substituents at the 4,7-positions of the 1,10-phenanthroline allowed tuning of the molecular size of the sensitizers and the energy stored in the excited state while maintaining the same ground-state Ru3+/2+ reduction potentials. These small structural changes had a significant influence on the rates and/or efficiencies of electron injection, back-electron transfer, recombination to oxidized mediators, lateral self-exchange electron transfer, and regeneration through iodide oxidation that were reflected in distinct photoelectrochemical performance of full operating DSSCs. The global efficiencies, open-circuit voltages, and short-circuit current densities of the DSSCs consistently followed the trend Ru(pyr) < Ru(ind) < Ru(phen) < Ru(cbz), and the most optimal performance of Ru(cbz) was ascribed to dramatically slower recombination to the oxidized redox mediators. Transient photovoltage and transient absorption experiments both revealed significantly slower recombination as the size of the aromatic substituents increased with Ru(cbz) providing the most promising behavior for application in dye sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa V Müller
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas , Universidade Federal do ABC-UFABC , Av. dos Estados, 5001 , 09210-580 Santo André , São Paulo , Brazil
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Kleber T de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de São Carlos-UFSCar , Rodovia Washington Luı́s, km 235 , 13565-905 São Carlos , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - André S Polo
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas , Universidade Federal do ABC-UFABC , Av. dos Estados, 5001 , 09210-580 Santo André , São Paulo , Brazil
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10
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James EM, Bennett MT, Bangle RE, Meyer GJ. Electron Localization and Transport in SnO 2/TiO 2 Mesoporous Thin Films: Evidence for a SnO 2/Sn xTi 1-xO 2/TiO 2 Structure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:12694-12703. [PMID: 31433656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A study of SnO2/TiO2 core/shell films was undertaken to investigate the influences of shell thickness and post deposition sintering on electron localization and transport properties. Electrochemical reduction of the materials resulted in the appearance of a broad visible-near IR absorbance that provided insights into the electronic state(s) within the core/shell structures. As the shell thickness was increased from 0.5 to 5 nm, evidence for the presence of a SnxTi1-xO2 interfacial state emerged that was physically located between the core and the shell. The lifetime of photoinjected electrons increased with the shell thickness. Electron transport occurred through the SnO2 core; however, when materials with shell thicknesses ≥2 nm were annealed at 450 °C, a new electron transport pathway through the shell was evident. The data indicate that these materials are best described as SnO2/SnxTi1-xO2/TiO2 where electrons preferentially localize in a SnxTi1-xO2 interfacial state and transport through SnO2 and annealed TiO2 (if present). The implications of these results for applications in solar energy conversion are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M James
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Marc T Bennett
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Rachel E Bangle
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
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11
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A stable dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cell mediated by a NiO overlayer for water oxidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 117:12564-12571. [PMID: 31488721 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821687116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the development of photoelectrochemical cells for water splitting or CO2 reduction, a major challenge is O2 evolution at photoelectrodes that, in behavior, mimic photosystem II. At an appropriate semiconductor electrode, a water oxidation catalyst must be integrated with a visible light absorber in a stable half-cell configuration. Here, we describe an electrode consisting of a light absorber, an intermediate electron donor layer, and a water oxidation catalyst for sustained light driven water oxidation catalysis. In assembling the electrode on nanoparticle SnO2/TiO2 electrodes, a Ru(II) polypyridyl complex was used as the light absorber, NiO was deposited as an overlayer, and a Ru(II) 2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-dicarboxylate complex as the water oxidation catalyst. In the final electrode, addition of the NiO overlayer enhanced performance toward water oxidation with the final electrode operating with a 1.1 mA/cm2 photocurrent density for 2 h without decomposition under one sun illumination in a pH 4.65 solution. We attribute the enhanced performance to the role of NiO as an electron transfer mediator between the light absorber and the catalyst.
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12
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Brady MD, Troian-Gautier L, Motley TC, Turlington MD, Meyer GJ. An Insulating Al 2O 3 Overlayer Prevents Lateral Hole Hopping Across Dye-Sensitized TiO 2 Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:27453-27463. [PMID: 31260245 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Three chromophores of the general form [Ru(bpy')2(4,4'-(PO3H2)2-2,2'-bipyridine)]2+, where bpy' is 4,4'-(C(CH3)3)2-2,2'-bipyridine (Ru(dtb)2P); 4,4'-(CH3O)2-2,2'-bipyridine (Ru(OMe)2P), and 2,2'-bipyridine (RuP) were anchored to mesoporous thin films of TiO2 nanocrystallites at saturation surface coverages to investigate lateral self-exchange RuIII/II intermolecular hole hopping in 0.1 M LiClO4/CH3CN electrolytes. Hole hopping was initiated by a potential step 500 mV positive of the E1/2 (RuIII/II) potential or by pulsed laser (532 nm, 8 ns fwhm) excitation and monitored by visible absorption chronoabsorptometry and time-resolved absorption anisotropy measurements, respectively. The hole hopping rate constant kR extracted from the potential step data revealed self-exchange rate constants that followed the trend: TiO2|Ru(OMe)2P (ket = 1.4 × 106 s-1) > TiO2|RuP (7.1 × 105 s-1) > TiO2|Ru(dtb)2P (6.5 × 104 s-1). Analysis of the anisotropy data with Monte Carlo simulations provided hole hopping rate constants for TiO2|RuP and TiO2|Ru(dtb)2P that were within experimental error the same as that measured with the potential step. The hole hopping rate constants were found to trend with the TiO2(e-)|RuIII → TiO2|RuII charge recombination rate constants. The atomic layer deposition of an ∼10 Å layer of Al2O3 on top of the dye-sensitized films was found to prevent hole hopping by both initiation methods even though the chromophore surface coverage exceeded the percolation threshold and excited-state injection was efficient. The dramatic hole hopping turnoff was attributed to a larger outer-sphere reorganization energy for self-exchange due to the restricted access of electrolyte to the redox active chromophores. The implications of these findings for solar energy conversion applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Brady
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Murray Hall 2202B , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Murray Hall 2202B , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
| | - Tyler C Motley
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Murray Hall 2202B , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
| | - Michael D Turlington
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Murray Hall 2202B , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Murray Hall 2202B , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
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13
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Hong YH, Han JW, Jung J, Nakagawa T, Lee YM, Nam W, Fukuzumi S. Photocatalytic Oxygenation Reactions with a Cobalt Porphyrin Complex Using Water as an Oxygen Source and Dioxygen as an Oxidant. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9155-9159. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Hyun Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Ji Won Han
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Jieun Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nakagawa
- Unisoku Co., Ltd., SENTAN, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Hirakata, Osaka 573-0131, Japan
| | - Yong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Meijo University, SENTAN, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502, Japan
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14
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Wang D, Sampaio RN, Troian-Gautier L, Marquard SL, Farnum BH, Sherman BD, Sheridan MV, Dares CJ, Meyer GJ, Meyer TJ. Molecular Photoelectrode for Water Oxidation Inspired by Photosystem II. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:7926-7933. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Degao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Renato N. Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Seth L. Marquard
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Byron H. Farnum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Benjamin D. Sherman
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Matthew V. Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Christopher J. Dares
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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15
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Troian-Gautier L, Sampaio RN, Piechota EJ, Brady MD, Meyer GJ. Barriers for interfacial back-electron transfer: A comparison between TiO2 and SnO2/TiO2 core/shell structures. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:041719. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5054604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Renato N. Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Eric J. Piechota
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Matthew D. Brady
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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16
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Li W, Elzatahry A, Aldhayan D, Zhao D. Core-shell structured titanium dioxide nanomaterials for solar energy utilization. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:8203-8237. [PMID: 30137079 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00443a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Because of its unmatched resource potential, solar energy utilization currently is one of the hottest research areas. Much effort has been devoted to developing advanced materials for converting solar energy into electricity, solar fuels, active chemicals, or heat. Among them, TiO2 nanomaterials have attracted much attention due to their unique properties such as low cost, nontoxicity, good stability and excellent optical and electrical properties. Great progress has been made, but research opportunities are still present for creating new nanostructured TiO2 materials. Core-shell structured nanomaterials are of great interest as they provide a platform to integrate multiple components into a functional system, showing improved or new physical and chemical properties, which are unavailable from the isolated components. Consequently, significant effort is underway to design, fabricate and evaluate core-shell structured TiO2 nanomaterials for solar energy utilization to overcome the remaining challenges, for example, insufficient light absorption and low quantum efficiency. This review strives to provide a comprehensive overview of major advances in the synthesis of core-shell structured TiO2 nanomaterials for solar energy utilization. This review starts from the general protocols to construct core-shell structured TiO2 nanomaterials, and then discusses their applications in photocatalysis, water splitting, photocatalytic CO2 reduction, solar cells and photothermal conversion. Finally, we conclude with an outlook section to offer some insights on the future directions and prospects of core-shell structured TiO2 nanomaterials and solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
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17
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Sampaio RN, Troian‐Gautier L, Meyer GJ. A Charge‐Separated State that Lives for Almost a Second at a Conductive Metal Oxide Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renato N. Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Murray Hall 2202B, 123 South Road 27599-3290 North Carolina USA
| | - Ludovic Troian‐Gautier
- Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Murray Hall 2202B, 123 South Road 27599-3290 North Carolina USA
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Murray Hall 2202B, 123 South Road 27599-3290 North Carolina USA
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18
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A Charge‐Separated State that Lives for Almost a Second at a Conductive Metal Oxide Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15390-15394. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Raber MM, Brady MD, Troian-Gautier L, Dickenson JC, Marquard SL, Hyde JT, Lopez SJ, Meyer GJ, Meyer TJ, Harrison DP. Fundamental Factors Impacting the Stability of Phosphonate-Derivatized Ruthenium Polypyridyl Sensitizers Adsorbed on Metal Oxide Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:22821-22833. [PMID: 29883103 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of 18 ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes were synthesized and evaluated under electrochemically oxidative conditions, which generates the Ru(III) oxidation state and mimics the harsh conditions experienced during the kinetically limited regime that can occur in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and dye-sensitized photo-electrosynthesis cells, to further develop fundamental insights into the factors governing molecular sensitizer surface stability in aqueous 0.1 M HClO4. Both desorption and oxidatively induced ligand substitution were observed on planar fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrodes, with a dependence on the E1/2 Ru(III/II) redox potential dictating the comparative ratios of the processes. Complexes such as RuP4OMe ( E1/2 = 0.91 vs Ag/AgCl) displayed virtually only desorption, while complexes such as RuPbpz ( E1/2 > 1.62 V vs Ag/AgCl) displayed only chemical decomposition. Comparing isomers of 4,4'- and 5,5'-disubstituted-2,2'-bipyridine ancillary ligands, a dramatic increase in the rate of desorption of the Ru(III) complexes was observed for the 5,5'-ligands. Nanoscopic indium-doped tin oxide thin films (nanoITO) were also sensitized and analyzed with cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, allowing for further distinction of desorption versus ligand-substitution processes. Desorption loss to bulk solution associated with the planar surface of FTO is essentially non-existent on nanoITO, where both desorption and ligand substitution are shut down with RuP4OMe. These results revealed that minimizing time spent in the oxidized form, incorporating electron-donating groups, maximizing hydrophobicity, and minimizing molecular bulk near the adsorbed ligand are critical to optimizing the performance of ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes in dye-sensitized devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenzie M Raber
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Military Institute , Lexington , Virginia 24450 , United States
| | - Matthew D Brady
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - John C Dickenson
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Military Institute , Lexington , Virginia 24450 , United States
| | - Seth L Marquard
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Jacob T Hyde
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Military Institute , Lexington , Virginia 24450 , United States
| | - Santiago J Lopez
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Military Institute , Lexington , Virginia 24450 , United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Daniel P Harrison
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Military Institute , Lexington , Virginia 24450 , United States
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20
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Wehlin SAM, Troian-Gautier L, Sampaio RN, Marcélis L, Meyer GJ. Ter-Ionic Complex that Forms a Bond Upon Visible Light Absorption. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7799-7802. [PMID: 29897741 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A "ter-ionic complex" composed of a tetracationic Ru(II) complex and two iodide ions was found to yield a covalent I-I bond upon visible light excitation in acetone solution. 1H NMR, visible absorption and DFT studies revealed that one iodide was associated with a ligand while the other was closer to the Ru metal center. Standard Stern-Volmer quenching of the excited state by iodide revealed upward curvature with a novel saturation at high concentrations. The data were fully consistent with a mechanism in which the Ru metal center in the excited state accepts an electron from iodide to form an iodine atom and, within 70 ns, that atom reacts with the iodide associated with the ligand to yield I2•-. This rapid formation of an I-I bond was facilitated by the supramolecular assembly of the three reactant ions necessary for this ter-ionic reaction that is relevant to solar fuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A M Wehlin
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Murray Hall 2202B , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Murray Hall 2202B , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
| | - Renato N Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Murray Hall 2202B , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
| | - Lionel Marcélis
- Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles , Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64 , B-1050 Brussels , Belgium
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Murray Hall 2202B , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
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21
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Troian-Gautier L, DiMarco BN, Sampaio RN, Marquard SL, Meyer GJ. Evidence that ΔS‡ Controls Interfacial Electron Transfer Dynamics from Anatase TiO2 to Molecular Acceptors. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3019-3029. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Brian N. DiMarco
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Renato N. Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Seth L. Marquard
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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