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Hegarty IN, Henwood AF, Bradberry SJ, Gunnlaugsson T. Generating water/MeOH-soluble and luminescent polymers by grafting 2,6-bis(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine (btp) ligands onto a poly(ethylene- alt-maleic anhydride) polymer and cross-linking with terbium(III). Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1549-1557. [PMID: 36723129 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02259a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of two new polymers made from P(E-alt-MA) (poly(ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride) and possessing 2,6-bis(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine (btp) ligand side chains in 3 and 6 mol%, respectively (P1 and P2, respectively) is described. These polymers were shown to be soluble in MeOH solution and, in the case of P1, also in water, while P2 needed prolonged heating to enable water dissolution. Btp ligands are known for coordinating both d- and f-metal ions and so, herein, we demonstrate by using both UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence emission, as well as time-gated phosphorescence spectroscopies, that both P1 and P2 can bind to Tb(III) ions to give rise to luminescent polymers. From the analysis of the titration data, which demonstrated large changes in the emission intensity properties of the polymer upon Tb(III) binding (ground state changes were also clearly observed, with the absorption being red-shifted at lower energy), we show that the dominant stoichiometry in solution is 1 : 2 (M : L; Tb(III) : btp ratio) which implies that two btp ligands from the polymer background are able to crosslink through lanthanide coordination and that the backbone of the polymer is very likely to aid in coordinating the ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel N Hegarty
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Adam F Henwood
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,Synthesis and Solid-State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Samuel J Bradberry
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,Synthesis and Solid-State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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2
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McCarney EP, McCarthy WJ, Lovitt JI, Gunnlaugsson T. Macrocyclic vs. [2]catenane btp structures: influence of (aryl) substitution on the self templation of btp ligands in macrocyclic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:10189-10200. [PMID: 34788352 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02032c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of four 2,6-bis(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine (btp) olefin based ligands 3, 4, 11 and 12 is described and their attempted use to form mechanically interlocked molecules using ring closing metatheses (RCM) reactions. The btp ligands were modified in two ways, in 3 and 4 the aryl substitution pattern was changed from 4th position to 3rd position and in the case of 11 and 12, the arms were replaced with aliphatic chains. Our study demonstrates that for all four ligands, the RCM reactions only result in the formation of macrocyclic structures, which in three of the cases, were structurally characterised in both solution (using NMR and HRMS) and in the solid-state using X-ray crystallography. NMR studies were also carried out to investigate if these ligands could preorganise in solution via hydrogen bonding interactions. This study provides a handle of how such precursor substitution can be used to direct the formation of macrocycles or mechanically interlocked structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin P McCarney
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - William J McCarthy
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - June I Lovitt
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,SFI Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,SFI Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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3
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Henwood AF, Hegarty IN, McCarney EP, Lovitt JI, Donohoe S, Gunnlaugsson T. Recent advances in the development of the btp motif: A versatile terdentate coordination ligand for applications in supramolecular self-assembly, cation and anion recognition chemistries. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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4
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McCarney EP, Lovitt JI, Gunnlaugsson T. Mechanically Interlocked Chiral Self-Templated [2]Catenanes from 2,6-Bis(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine (btp) Ligands. Chemistry 2021; 27:12052-12057. [PMID: 34106499 PMCID: PMC8457180 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the efficient self-templated formation of optically active 2,6-bis(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine (btp) derived homocircuit [2]catenane enantiomers. This represents the first example of the enantiopure formation of chiral btp homocircuit [2]catenanes from starting materials consisting of a classical chiral element; X-ray diffraction crystallography enabled the structural characterization of the [2]catenane. The self-assembly reaction was monitored closely in solution facilitating the characterization of the pseudo-rotaxane reaction intermediate prior to mechanically interlocking the pre-organised system via ring-closing metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin P. McCarney
- School of Chemistryand SFI Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC)Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin 2Ireland
| | - June I. Lovitt
- School of Chemistryand SFI Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC)Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin 2Ireland
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistryand SFI Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC)Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin 2Ireland
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5
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Whelan É, Steuber FW, Gunnlaugsson T, Schmitt W. Tuning photoactive metal–organic frameworks for luminescence and photocatalytic applications. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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6
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O'Reilly C, Blasco S, Parekh B, Collins H, Cooke G, Gunnlaugsson T, Byrne JP. Ruthenium-centred btp glycoclusters as inhibitors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:16318-16325. [PMID: 35479152 PMCID: PMC9030604 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-decorated clusters (glycoclusters) centred on a Ru(ii) ion were synthesised and tested for their activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation. These clusters were designed by conjugating a range of carbohydrate motifs (galactose, glucose, mannose and lactose, as well as galactose with a triethylene glycol spacer) to a btp (2,6-bis(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine) scaffold. This scaffold, which possesses a C2 symmetry, is an excellent ligand for d-metal ions, and thus the formation of the Ru(ii)-centred glycoclusters 7 and 8Gal was achieved from 5 and 6Gal; each possessing four deprotected carbohydrates. Glycocluster 8Gal, which has a flexible spacer between the btp and galactose moieties, showed significant inhibition of P. aeruginosa bacterial biofilm formation. By contrast, glycocluster 7, which lacked the flexible linker, didn't show significant antimicrobial effects and neither does the ligand 6Gal alone. These results are proposed to arise from carbohydrate–lectin interactions with LecA, which are possible for the flexible metal-centred multivalent glycocluster. Metal-centred glycoclusters present a structurally versatile class of antimicrobial agent for P. aeruginosa, of which this is, to the best of our knowledge, the first example. Ruthenium-centred glycoclusters based on carbohydrate-functionalised bis(triazolyl)pyridine ligands show Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm inhibition, with activity that is dependent on ligand structure.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran O'Reilly
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Salvador Blasco
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin Ireland
| | - Bina Parekh
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Helen Collins
- Department of Applied Science, Tallaght Campus, Technological University Dublin Ireland
| | - Gordon Cooke
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland.,Department of Applied Science, Tallaght Campus, Technological University Dublin Ireland
| | | | - Joseph P Byrne
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway University Road Galway Ireland
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7
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Gorai T, Schmitt W, Gunnlaugsson T. Highlights of the development and application of luminescent lanthanide based coordination polymers, MOFs and functional nanomaterials. Dalton Trans 2020; 50:770-784. [PMID: 33351011 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03684f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of lanthanide based coordination polymer and metal-organic framework (CPs and MOFs) nanomaterials as novel functional (e.g. luminescent and magnetic) materials has attracted significant attention in recent times. This is in part due to the wide, but yet unique coordination requirements that the f-metal ions possess, as well as their attractive physical properties, which are often transferred to the bulk material. Hence, there is no surprise, that the design, synthesis and characterisation of lanthanide based CP/MOF materials (featuring either 'pure' lanthanides, or a mixture of both f- and d-metal ions) for applications in gas and small molecule absorption, storage, conversion/catalysis, chemical sensing, bio-imaging, drug delivery, etc. has been a prominent feature in the scientific literature. In this review, we give a selected overview of some of the recent developments in the area of Ln CP/MOF based nanomaterials for sensing, optical materials and bio-medicine research, as well as making reference to some more established examples, with the view of introducing, particularly to new researchers to the field, the powerful and attractive features of lanthanide based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tumpa Gorai
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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8
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Hegarty IN, Dalton HL, Lynes AD, Haffner B, Möbius ME, Hawes CS, Gunnlaugsson T. Balancing connectivity with function in silver(i) networks of pyridyltriazole (tzpa) ligands results in the formation of a metallogel. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:7364-7372. [PMID: 32458927 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01421d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A new flexible and divergent 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-picolinamide (tzpa) ligand 2 and the half-equivalent model ligand 1, both functionalised with pendant 3-pyridyl groups, are reported and their coordination behaviour with silver(i) ions is explored, both in the crystalline phase and through the formation of a supramolecular metallogel. The self-assembly of tzpa ligand 1 with AgCF3SO3 resulted in the formation of a 1D coordination polymer, binding in a bidentate fashion through the pyridyl and triazole nitrogen atoms of the tzpa binding site and a pendant pyridyl nitrogen atom of an adjacent ligand. Doubling the number of metal binding sites in ligand 2, while retaining the same metal binding domain, gives rise to the formation of a supramolecular metallogel on reaction with AgBF4 at 5 wt% in MeCN, possessing self-healing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel N Hegarty
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, The University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Hannah L Dalton
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, The University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Amy D Lynes
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, The University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Benjamin Haffner
- Sami Nasr Institute of Advanced Materials (SNIAM), School of Physics, The University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Matthias E Möbius
- Sami Nasr Institute of Advanced Materials (SNIAM), School of Physics, The University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland and The AMBER (Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Chris S Hawes
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, The University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. and The AMBER (Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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9
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Colombo Dugoni G, Baggioli A, Famulari A, Sacchetti A, Martí-Rujas J, Mariani M, Macerata E, Mossini E, Mele A. Structural properties of the chelating agent 2,6-bis(1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine: a combined XRD and DFT structural study. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19629-19635. [PMID: 35515445 PMCID: PMC9054079 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04142d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The conformational isomerism of the chelating agent 2,6-bis(1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine (PTD), exploited in fuel reprocessing in spent nuclear waste, has been studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis in combination with an extensive DFT conformational investigation. In the solid-state, the elucidated crystal structure (i.e., not yet published) shows that by thermal treatment (DSC) no other phases are observed upon crystallization from the melt, indicating that the conformation observed by X-ray data is rather stable. Mapping of intermolecular and intramolecular noncovalent interactions has been used to elucidate the unusual arrangement of the asymmetric unit. Considerations relating to the stability of different conformational isomers in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions are also presented. The accurate structural description reported here might open various research topics such as the potential of PTD to act as an outer sphere ligand in the formation of second sphere coordination complexes and their interconversion by mechanochemical means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Colombo Dugoni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano Piazza L. da Vinci 32 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Alberto Baggioli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano Piazza L. da Vinci 32 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Antonino Famulari
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano Piazza L. da Vinci 32 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Alessandro Sacchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano Piazza L. da Vinci 32 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Javier Martí-Rujas
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano Piazza L. da Vinci 32 20133 Milan Italy .,Center for Nano Science and Technology@Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Pascoli 70/3 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Mario Mariani
- Department of Energy, Nuclear Engineering Division (CeSNEF), Politecnico di Milano Piazza L. da Vinci 32 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Elena Macerata
- Department of Energy, Nuclear Engineering Division (CeSNEF), Politecnico di Milano Piazza L. da Vinci 32 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Eros Mossini
- Department of Energy, Nuclear Engineering Division (CeSNEF), Politecnico di Milano Piazza L. da Vinci 32 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Andrea Mele
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano Piazza L. da Vinci 32 20133 Milan Italy
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10
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Hegarty IN, Dalton HL, Henwood AF, Hawes CS, Gunnlaugsson T. Unexpected linkage isomerism in chiral tetranuclear bis-tridentate (1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-picolinamide (tzpa) grids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9523-9526. [PMID: 31332405 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03316e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a chiral bis-tridentate (1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-picolinamide (tzpa) ligand is described and its coordination chemistry with Cu(NO3)2 and [Cu(MeCN)4]PF6 is explored in the crystalline phase as well as in solution. Chiral [2 × 2] tetranuclear square grid complexes [Cu4(H21)4](NO3)8 and [Cu4(H1)4](PF6)4 were observed, and crystallographically analysed, these being linkage isomers with N4O2 and N5O coordination spheres, respectively. These come about by an unusual in situ amide deprotonation and coordination, which accompanies a CuI → CuII oxidation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel N Hegarty
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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11
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Guo F, Su C, Fan Y, Shi W. An excellently stable TbIII–organic framework with outstanding stability as a rapid, reversible, and multi-responsive luminescent sensor in water. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:12910-12917. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02921d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A multi-response Tb-based metal–organic framework with excellent stability is used as a rapid and reversible luminescent sensor for Fe3+, Cr2O72−, and nitrofurantoin in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangtze Normal University
- Chongqing 408100
- China
| | - Changhua Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- China
| | - Yuhang Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangtze Normal University
- Chongqing 408100
- China
| | - Wenbing Shi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangtze Normal University
- Chongqing 408100
- China
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12
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Chen YK, Tao Y, Ma YQ, Pang XH, Bian HD, Liu HF, Huang FP. The positional isomeric effect and structural difference in coordination assemblies system of CoII with 3/4-pmpt ligands. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Wang SQ, He H. Construction and structural diversification of eight rare-earth MIII coordination complexes with 5-bromonicotinic acid N-oxide. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Dalton HL, Lynes AD, Twamley B, Byrne K, Schmitt W, Hawes CS, Gunnlaugsson T. Exploring the reversible host–guest chemistry of a crystalline octanuclear Ag(i) metallosupramolecular macrocycle formed from a simple pyrazinylpyridine ligand. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:17266-17275. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04583f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High nuclearity Ag(i) assemblies are prepared from simple polytopic ligands, including an octanuclear metallomacrocycle which exhibits reversible and selective guest exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L. Dalton
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- The University of Dublin
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Amy D. Lynes
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- The University of Dublin
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry
- University of Dublin
- Trinity College
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Kevin Byrne
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices
- The University of Dublin
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Wolfgang Schmitt
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices
- The University of Dublin
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Chris S. Hawes
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Keele University
- Keele ST5 5BG
- UK
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- The University of Dublin
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
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