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McCarthy WJ, van der Zouwen AJ, Bush JT, Rittinger K. Covalent fragment-based drug discovery for target tractability. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2024; 86:102809. [PMID: 38554479 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2024.102809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
An important consideration in drug discovery is the prioritization of tractable protein targets that are not only amenable to binding small molecules, but also alter disease biology in response to small molecule binding. Covalent fragment-based drug discovery has emerged as a powerful approach to aid in the identification of such protein targets. The application of irreversible binding mechanisms enables the identification of fragment hits for challenging-to-target proteins, allows proteome-wide screening in a cellular context, and makes it possible to determine functional effects with modestly potent ligands without the requirement for extensive compound optimization. Here, we provide an overview of recent approaches to covalent fragment-based screening and discuss how these have been applied to establish the tractability of unexplored binding sites on protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J McCarthy
- Molecular Structure of Cell Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Antonie J van der Zouwen
- Molecular Structure of Cell Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Jacob T Bush
- Crick-GSK Biomedical LinkLabs, GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK. https://twitter.com/Jake_T_Bush
| | - Katrin Rittinger
- Molecular Structure of Cell Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
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McCarthy WJ, Ferguson F. Comment on Frampton et al. 2023: Propionate, not acetate, lactate or succinate, may explain carbohydrate effects on satiety. J Physiol 2024; 602:527-528. [PMID: 38051552 DOI: 10.1113/jp285880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William J McCarthy
- Department of Health Policy & Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Frederick Ferguson
- UCLA National Clinical Scholars Program, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Neuner B, Wolter S, McCarthy WJ, Spies C, Cunningham C, Radtke FM, Franck M, Koenig T. EEG microstate quantifiers and state space descriptors during anaesthesia in patients with postoperative delirium: a descriptive analysis. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad270. [PMID: 37942086 PMCID: PMC10629467 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative delirium is a serious sequela of surgery and surgery-related anaesthesia. One recommended method to prevent postoperative delirium is using bi-frontal EEG recording. The single, processed index of depth of anaesthesia allows the anaesthetist to avoid episodes of suppression EEG and excessively deep anaesthesia. The study data presented here were based on multichannel (19 channels) EEG recordings during anaesthesia. This enabled the analysis of various parameters of global electrical brain activity. These parameters were used to compare microstate topographies under anaesthesia with those in healthy volunteers and to analyse changes in microstate quantifiers and EEG global state space descriptors with increasing exposure to anaesthesia. Seventy-three patients from the Surgery Depth of Anaesthesia and Cognitive Outcome study (SRCTN 36437985) received intraoperative multichannel EEG recordings. Altogether, 720 min of artefact-free EEG data, including 210 min (29.2%) of suppression EEG, were analysed. EEG microstate topographies, microstate quantifiers (duration, frequency of occurrence and global field power) and the state space descriptors sigma (overall EEG power), phi (generalized frequency) and omega (number of uncorrelated brain processes) were evaluated as a function of duration of exposure to anaesthesia, suppression EEG and subsequent development of postoperative delirium. The major analyses involved covariate-adjusted linear mixed-effects models. The older (71 ± 7 years), predominantly male (60%) patients received a median exposure of 210 (range: 75-675) min of anaesthesia. During seven postoperative days, 21 patients (29%) developed postoperative delirium. Microstate topographies under anaesthesia resembled topographies from healthy and much younger awake persons. With increasing duration of exposure to anaesthesia, single microstate quantifiers progressed differently in suppression or non-suppression EEG and in patients with or without subsequent postoperative delirium. The most pronounced changes occurred during enduring suppression EEG in patients with subsequent postoperative delirium: duration and frequency of occurrence of microstates C and D progressed in opposite directions, and the state space descriptors showed a pattern of declining uncorrelated brain processes (omega) combined with increasing EEG variance (sigma). With increasing exposure to general anaesthesia, multiple changes in the dynamics of microstates and global EEG parameters occurred. These changes varied partly between suppression and non-suppression EEG and between patients with or without subsequent postoperative delirium. Ongoing suppression EEG in patients with subsequent postoperative delirium was associated with reduced network complexity in combination with increased overall EEG power. Additionally, marked changes in quantifiers in microstate C and in microstate D occurred. These putatively adverse intraoperative trajectories in global electrical brain activity may be seen as preceding and ultimately predicting postoperative delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Neuner
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Wolter
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - William J McCarthy
- Centre for Cancer Prevention and Control Research, Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095-1781, USA
| | - Claudia Spies
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Colm Cunningham
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute & Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, 2 D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Finn M Radtke
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hospital of Nykøbing Falster, Fjordvej 15, 4800 Nykøbing Falster, Denmark
- University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Franck
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesia, Alexianer St.Hedwig Hospital, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Koenig
- University Hospital of Psychiatry, Translational Research Centre, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland
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Bostean G, Ponicki WR, Padon AA, McCarthy WJ, Unger JB. A statewide study of disparities in local policies and tobacco, vape, and cannabis retail environments. Prev Med Rep 2023; 35:102373. [PMID: 37691887 PMCID: PMC10483047 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study: (1) assesses sociodemographic disparities in local policies related to tobacco and cannabis retail, and (2) examines the cross-sectional association between policy strength and retailer densities of tobacco, e-cigarette (vape), and cannabis retailers within California cities and county unincorporated areas (N = 539). We combined (a) American Community Survey data (2019 5-year estimates), (b) 2018 tobacco, vape, and cannabis retailer locations from a commercial data provider, (c) 2017 tobacco and vape retail environment policy data from American Lung Association, and (d) 2018 cannabis policy data from California Cannabis Local Laws Database. Conditional autoregressive models examined policy strength associations with sociodemographic composition and retailer density in California jurisdictions. Jurisdictions with larger percentages of Black and foreign-born residents had stronger tobacco and vape policies. For cannabis policy, only income had a small, significant positive association with policy strength. Contrary to hypothesis, tobacco/vape policies were not significantly associated with retailer density, but cannabis policy strength was associated with lower cannabis retailer density (relative rate = 0.58, 95% Uncertainty Interval 0.47-0.70)-this effect was completely driven by storefront bans. Thus, storefront cannabis bans were the only policy studied that was associated with lower cannabis retailer density. Further research is needed to understand policies and disparities in retail environments for tobacco, vape, and cannabis, including data on the prospective association between policy implementation and subsequent retailer density, and the role of enforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana Bostean
- Sociology Department, Environmental Science & Policy Program, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - William R. Ponicki
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - William J. McCarthy
- Department of Health Policy & Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer B. Unger
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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McCarthy WJ, Rico M, Chandler M, Herman DR, Chang C, Belin TR, Love S, Ramirez E, Gelberg L. Randomized Comparative Effectiveness Trial of 2 Federally Recommended Strategies to Reduce Excess Body Fat in Overweight, Low-Income Patients: MyPlate.gov vs Calorie Counting. Ann Fam Med 2023; 21:213-219. [PMID: 37217336 DOI: 10.1370/afm.2964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Since 2011, US authorities have supported the following 2 approaches to healthier body fat composition: the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Diabetes Prevention Program's calorie counting (CC) approach and the US Department of Agriculture's MyPlate (adherence to federal nutrition guidelines). The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of CC vs MyPlate approaches on satiety/satiation and on achieving healthier body fat composition among primary care patients. METHODS We conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing the CC and MyPlate approaches from 2015 to 2017. The adult participants were overweight, of low income, and were mostly Latine (n = 261). For both approaches, community health workers conducted 2 home education visits, 2 group education sessions, and 7 telephone coaching calls over a period of 6 months. Satiation and satiety were the primary patient-centered outcome measures. Waist circumference and body weight were the primary anthropometric measures. Measures were assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. RESULTS Satiation and satiety scores increased for both groups. Waist circumference was significantly decreased in both groups. MyPlate, but not CC, resulted in lower systolic blood pressure at 6 months but not at 12 months. Participants for both MyPlate and CC reported greater quality of life and emotional well-being and high satisfaction with their assigned weight-loss program. The most acculturated participants showed the greatest decreases in waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS A MyPlate-based intervention might be a practical alternative to the more traditional CC approach to promoting satiety and facilitating decreases in central adiposity among low-income, mostly Latine primary care patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J McCarthy
- Center for Cancer Prevention & Control Research, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Psychology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Melvin Rico
- Charles R. Drew University Postgraduate Medical School, Los Angeles, California
| | - Maria Chandler
- The Children's Clinic of Long Beach, Long Beach, California
| | - Dena R Herman
- College of Health and Human Development, California State University-Northridge, Northridge, California
| | - Cindy Chang
- Center for Cancer Prevention & Control Research, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Thomas R Belin
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stephanie Love
- The Children's Clinic of Long Beach, Long Beach, California
| | | | - Lillian Gelberg
- Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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El Bakali J, Blaszczyk M, Evans JC, Boland JA, McCarthy WJ, Fathoni I, Dias MVB, Johnson EO, Coyne AG, Mizrahi V, Blundell TL, Abell C, Spry C. Chemical Validation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Phosphopantetheine Adenylyltransferase Using Fragment Linking and CRISPR Interference. Angew Chem Weinheim Bergstr Ger 2023; 135:e202300221. [PMID: 38515507 PMCID: PMC10952327 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202300221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis pathway has attracted attention as a potential target for much-needed novel antimicrobial drugs, including for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), the lethal disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Seeking to identify inhibitors of Mtb phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase (MtbPPAT), the enzyme that catalyses the penultimate step in CoA biosynthesis, we performed a fragment screen. In doing so, we discovered three series of fragments that occupy distinct regions of the MtbPPAT active site, presenting a unique opportunity for fragment linking. Here we show how, guided by X-ray crystal structures, we could link weakly-binding fragments to produce an active site binder with a K D <20 μM and on-target anti-Mtb activity, as demonstrated using CRISPR interference. This study represents a big step toward validating MtbPPAT as a potential drug target and designing a MtbPPAT-targeting anti-TB drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal El Bakali
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- Present address: Univ. LilleInserm, CHU LilleUMR-S 1172-LiNC-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition59000LilleFrance
| | - Michal Blaszczyk
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Cambridge80 Tennis Court RoadCambridgeCB2 1GAUK
- Present address: Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious DiseaseDepartment of MedicineUniversity of CambridgePuddicombe WayCB2 0AWCambridgeUK
| | - Joanna C. Evans
- MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research UnitDST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research & Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in AfricaInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of PathologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownAnzio RoadCape Town, Observatory7925South Africa
- Systems Chemical Biology of Infection and Resistance LaboratoryThe Francis Crick Institute1 Midland RoadLondonNW1 1ATUK
| | - Jennifer A. Boland
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - William J. McCarthy
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- Present address: Molecular Structure of Cell Signaling LaboratoryThe Francis Crick Institute1 Midland RoadLondonNW1 1ATUK
| | - Imam Fathoni
- Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityLinnaeus WayACT2601Australia
| | - Marcio V. B. Dias
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Cambridge80 Tennis Court RoadCambridgeCB2 1GAUK
- Present addresses: Department of MicrobiologyInstitute of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of São Paulo (Brazil) and Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickUK
| | - Eachan O. Johnson
- Systems Chemical Biology of Infection and Resistance LaboratoryThe Francis Crick Institute1 Midland RoadLondonNW1 1ATUK
| | - Anthony G. Coyne
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Valerie Mizrahi
- MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research UnitDST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research & Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in AfricaInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of PathologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownAnzio RoadCape Town, Observatory7925South Africa
| | - Tom L. Blundell
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Cambridge80 Tennis Court RoadCambridgeCB2 1GAUK
| | - Chris Abell
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Christina Spry
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityLinnaeus WayACT2601Australia
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El Bakali J, Blaszczyk M, Evans JC, Boland JA, McCarthy WJ, Fathoni I, Dias MVB, Johnson EO, Coyne AG, Mizrahi V, Blundell TL, Abell C, Spry C. Chemical Validation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Phosphopantetheine Adenylyltransferase Using Fragment Linking and CRISPR Interference. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300221. [PMID: 36757665 PMCID: PMC10947119 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis pathway has attracted attention as a potential target for much-needed novel antimicrobial drugs, including for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), the lethal disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Seeking to identify inhibitors of Mtb phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase (MtbPPAT), the enzyme that catalyses the penultimate step in CoA biosynthesis, we performed a fragment screen. In doing so, we discovered three series of fragments that occupy distinct regions of the MtbPPAT active site, presenting a unique opportunity for fragment linking. Here we show how, guided by X-ray crystal structures, we could link weakly-binding fragments to produce an active site binder with a KD <20 μM and on-target anti-Mtb activity, as demonstrated using CRISPR interference. This study represents a big step toward validating MtbPPAT as a potential drug target and designing a MtbPPAT-targeting anti-TB drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal El Bakali
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- Present address: Univ. LilleInserm, CHU LilleUMR-S 1172-LiNC-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition59000LilleFrance
| | - Michal Blaszczyk
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Cambridge80 Tennis Court RoadCambridgeCB2 1GAUK
- Present address: Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious DiseaseDepartment of MedicineUniversity of CambridgePuddicombe WayCB2 0AWCambridgeUK
| | - Joanna C. Evans
- MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research UnitDST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research & Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in AfricaInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of PathologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownAnzio RoadCape Town, Observatory7925South Africa
- Systems Chemical Biology of Infection and Resistance LaboratoryThe Francis Crick Institute1 Midland RoadLondonNW1 1ATUK
| | - Jennifer A. Boland
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - William J. McCarthy
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- Present address: Molecular Structure of Cell Signaling LaboratoryThe Francis Crick Institute1 Midland RoadLondonNW1 1ATUK
| | - Imam Fathoni
- Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityLinnaeus WayACT2601Australia
| | - Marcio V. B. Dias
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Cambridge80 Tennis Court RoadCambridgeCB2 1GAUK
- Present addresses: Department of MicrobiologyInstitute of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of São Paulo (Brazil) and Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickUK
| | - Eachan O. Johnson
- Systems Chemical Biology of Infection and Resistance LaboratoryThe Francis Crick Institute1 Midland RoadLondonNW1 1ATUK
| | - Anthony G. Coyne
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Valerie Mizrahi
- MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research UnitDST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research & Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in AfricaInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of PathologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownAnzio RoadCape Town, Observatory7925South Africa
| | - Tom L. Blundell
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Cambridge80 Tennis Court RoadCambridgeCB2 1GAUK
| | - Chris Abell
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Christina Spry
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityLinnaeus WayACT2601Australia
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Cheney AM, McCarthy WJ, Pozar M, Reaves C, Ortiz G, Lopez D, Saldivar PA, Gelberg L. "Ancestral recipes": a mixed-methods analysis of MyPlate-based recipe dissemination for Latinos in rural communities. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:216. [PMID: 36721121 PMCID: PMC9889948 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14804-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Latinx population experiences some of the highest rates of chronic disease, including obesity and type II diabetes. Such conditions may be especially burdensome in rural Latinx communities that often face barriers to accessing disease prevention resources and public health programs. METHODS Diverse stakeholders (i.e., patients, community members, system of healthcare clinics, community food bank) tailored an existing cookbook, based on the U.S. Department of Agriculture MyPlate healthy eating and dietary guidelines, for local ingredients, health literacy, and language for rural Latinx and Indigenous Latin Americans. The cookbook recipes were disseminated widely via virtual cooking demonstrations, food distribution events, and social media. Pre- and posttest surveys were used to assess changes in diabetes knowledge measured by the 24-item American Diabetes Association Diabetic Knowledge Questionnaire and confidence in dietary behavior change over time measured by 4 questions of the 17-item Mediterranean Diet Index. A mixed effects, repeated measures analysis was conducted with gender ID, age range and educational attainment included as covariates and assessment interval as the predictor (pretest vs posttest) and change in confidence about adhering to four specific components of the Mediterranean diet. Focus groups elicited information on participants' motivation and ability to use the recipes and eat healthy foods following the virtual cooking demonstration participation. RESULTS A total of 20 virtual cooking demonstrations were conducted and 60 participants completed a pretest survey and 54 a posttest survey, a subsample (n = 19) participated in one of three focus groups. Most participants were female, identified as Latinx/Hispanic, were between the ages of 40-49, and spoke Spanish. 17% identified as Indigenous Latin American specifically as Purépecha, an indigenous group from Michoacán, Mexico. Survey and focus group findings indicated at posttest an increase in diabetes knowledge among participants with no prior diagnosis of chronic health conditions and more confidence in limiting sugary beverages and refined wheat pasta/white rice among indigenous participants. Focus group discussions explicated the quantitative findings. CONCLUSION This study brought together patients and key stakeholders committed to addressing the social determinants of health and it mobilized the community to develop culturally vetted health education materials. The findings indicate the need for increased access to evidence-based nutrition education and to culturally appropriate food products that can be easily incorporated into daily food preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Marie Cheney
- Department of Social Medicine Population and Public Health, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| | - William J. McCarthy
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, California, Los Angeles USA
| | - María Pozar
- Conchita Servicios de la Comunidad, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Gabriela Ortiz
- grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582University of California Riverside College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences, Riverside, California USA
| | - Diana Lopez
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, California, Los Angeles USA
| | - Perla A. Saldivar
- grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Department of Social Medicine Population and Public Health, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - Lillian Gelberg
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, California, Los Angeles USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, California, Los Angeles USA
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Mistry R, Kleinsasser MJ, Puntambekar N, Gupta PC, McCarthy WJ, Raghunathan T, Adhikari K, Narake S, Hsieh HF, Desai M, Assari S, Alberts J, Pednekar MS. Neighbourhood tobacco retail access and tobacco use susceptibility in young adolescents in urban India. Tob Control 2022; 31:e162-e168. [PMID: 34824148 PMCID: PMC9130340 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neighbourhood tobacco retail access may influence adolescent tobacco use. In India, we examined the association between neighbourhood tobacco retail access and cognitive risks for tobacco use during early adolescence. METHODS In 2019-2020, a population-based sample (n=1759) of adolescents aged 13-15 years was surveyed from 52 neighbourhoods in Mumbai and Kolkata. Neighbourhood tobacco retail access was measured as the frequency of visits to tobacco retailers, mapped tobacco retailer density and perceived tobacco retailer density. We estimated associations between neighbourhood tobacco retail access and cognitive risks for tobacco use (perceived ease of access to tobacco, perceived peer tobacco use and intention to use tobacco). RESULTS There was high neighbourhood tobacco retail access. Tobacco retailer density was higher in lower income neighbourhoods (p<0.001). Adolescent frequency of tobacco retailer visits was positively associated with cognitive tobacco use risks. Mapped tobacco retailer density was associated with perceived ease of access in Kolkata but not in Mumbai, and it was not associated with perceived peer tobacco use nor intention. Perceived tobacco retailer density was associated with perceived ease of access and perceived peer use, but not with intention. In Kolkata, higher perceived retailer density and frequency of tobacco retailer visits were negatively associated with perceived ease of access. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to reduce neighbourhood tobacco retail access in India may reduce cognitive tobacco use risk factors in young adolescents. The frequency of tobacco retailer visits and perceived tobacco retailer density increased cognitive risks, though there were some exceptions in Kolkata that further research may explain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Mistry
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Namrata Puntambekar
- Department of Research, Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prakash C Gupta
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - William J McCarthy
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Keyuri Adhikari
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sameer Narake
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hsing-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Maruti Desai
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joseph Alberts
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mangesh S Pednekar
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Bedwell E, McCarthy WJ, Coyne AG, Abell C. Development of potent inhibitors by fragment-linking strategies. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:469-486. [PMID: 35854428 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) is a method of identifying small molecule hits that can be elaborated rationally through fragment growing, merging, and linking, to afford high affinity ligands for biological targets. Despite the promised theoretical potential of fragment linking, examples are still surprisingly sparse and remain overshadowed by the successes of fragment growing. The aim of this review is to outline a number of key examples of fragment linking strategies and discuss their strengths and limitations. Structure-based approaches including X-ray crystallography and in silico methods fragment optimisation are discussed, as well as fragment linking guided by NMR experiments. Target-guided approaches, exploiting the biological target to assemble its own inhibitors through dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) and kinetic target-guided synthesis (KTGS), are identified as alternative efficient methods for fragment linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Bedwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambrdige, United Kingdom
| | - William J McCarthy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambrdige, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony G Coyne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambrdige, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Abell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambrdige, United Kingdom
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11
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Thomas SE, McCarthy WJ, El Bakali J, Brown KP, Kim SY, Blaszczyk M, Mendes V, Abell C, Floto RA, Coyne AG, Blundell TL. Structural Characterization of Mycobacterium abscessus Phosphopantetheine Adenylyl Transferase Ligand Interactions: Implications for Fragment-Based Drug Design. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:880432. [PMID: 35712348 PMCID: PMC9197168 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.880432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-microbial resistance is a rising global healthcare concern that needs urgent attention as growing number of infections become difficult to treat with the currently available antibiotics. This is particularly true for mycobacterial infections like tuberculosis and leprosy and those with emerging opportunistic pathogens such as Mycobacterium abscessus, where multi-drug resistance leads to increased healthcare cost and mortality. M. abscessus is a highly drug-resistant non-tuberculous mycobacterium which causes life-threatening infections in people with chronic lung conditions such as cystic fibrosis. In this study, we explore M. abscessus phosphopantetheine adenylyl transferase (PPAT), an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of Coenzyme A, as a target for the development of new antibiotics. We provide structural insights into substrate and feedback inhibitor binding modes of M. abscessus PPAT, thereby setting the basis for further chemical exploration of the enzyme. We then utilize a multi-dimensional fragment screening approach involving biophysical and structural analysis, followed by evaluation of compounds from a previous fragment-based drug discovery campaign against M. tuberculosis PPAT ortholog. This allowed the identification of an early-stage lead molecule exhibiting low micro molar affinity against M. abscessus PPAT (Kd 3.2 ± 0.8 µM) and potential new ways to design inhibitors against this enzyme. The resulting crystal structures reveal striking conformational changes and closure of solvent channel of M. abscessus PPAT hexamer providing novel strategies of inhibition. The study thus validates the ligandability of M. abscessus PPAT as an antibiotic target and identifies crucial starting points for structure-guided drug discovery against this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherine E. Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Sherine E. Thomas, ; Tom L. Blundell,
| | - William J. McCarthy
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jamal El Bakali
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karen P. Brown
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michal Blaszczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Vítor Mendes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Abell
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - R. Andres Floto
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Cambridge Centre for Lung Infection, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony G. Coyne
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tom L. Blundell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Sherine E. Thomas, ; Tom L. Blundell,
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Cheung E, Romero T, Crespi CM, Perez C, Huang JE, Pechmann C, McCarthy WJ. Undergraduate support for university smoke-free and vape-free campus policies and student engagement: a quasi-experimental intervention. J Am Coll Health 2022; 70:992-1000. [PMID: 32610034 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1782920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundCollege campuses have policies restricting smoking/vaping on campus. Previous studies involving mostly European-American students showed smoking prevalence declines following implementation of such policies.ObjectiveTo evaluate a social media campaign promotive of stronger campus support for an existing campus no-smoking/no-vaping policy where most (∼75%) of the undergraduates were non-European-American. A demographically comparable university served as a no-intervention control.ParticipantsTarget was 200 random intercept surveys at each university during fall 2016, spring 2017. Of 800 respondents, 681 were undergraduates.MethodsBaseline and post-intervention surveys assessed awareness of and support for campus-wide smoke-free/vape-free policies. Staged smoke-free/vape-free policy violations assessed students' propensity to intervene in support of the policy.ResultsRespondent support for the no-smoking/no-vaping policy did not change.ConclusionsThe social media campaign and Policy Ambassadors program did not increase support for the campus no-smoking/no-vaping policy. Most (∼90%) respondents agreed that the campus no-smoking/no-vaping policy was important for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Cheung
- College of Letters and Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tamineh Romero
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Catherine M Crespi
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Perez
- College of Letters and Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Janice E Huang
- College of Letters and Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cornelia Pechmann
- Paul Merage School of Business, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - William J McCarthy
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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Matulewicz RS, Bassett JC, Kwan L, Sherman SE, McCarthy WJ, Saigal CS, Gore JL. Using a multilevel implementation strategy to facilitate the screening and treatment of tobacco use in the outpatient urology clinic: A prospective hybrid type I study. Cancer 2021; 128:1184-1193. [PMID: 34875105 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urologists frequently treat patients for tobacco-related conditions but infrequently engage in evidence-based practices (EBPs) that screen for and treat tobacco use. Improving the use of EBPs will help to identify smokers, promote cessation, and improve patients' health outcomes. METHODS A prospective type I hybrid effectiveness-implementation study was performed to test the feasibility and effectiveness of using a multilevel implementation strategy to improve the use of tobacco EBPs. All urology providers at outpatient urology clinics within the Veterans Health Administration Greater Los Angeles and all patients presenting for a new urology consultation were included. The primary outcome was whether a patient was screened for tobacco use at the time of consultation. Secondary outcomes included a patient's willingness to quit, chosen quit strategy, and subsequent engagement in quit attempts. RESULTS In total, 5706 consecutive veterans were seen for a new consultation during the 30-month study period. Thirty-six percent of all visits were for a tobacco-related urologic diagnosis. The percentage of visits that included tobacco use screening increased from 18% (before implementation) to 57% in the implementation phase and to 60% during the maintenance phase. There was significant provider-level variation in adherence to screening. Of all screened patients, 38% were willing to quit, and most patients chose a "cold turkey" method; 22% of the patients elected referral to a formal smoking cessation clinic, and 24% chose telephone counseling. Among those willing to quit, 39% and 49% made a formal quit attempt by 3 and 6 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A strategy that includes provider education and a customized clinical decision support tool can facilitate provider use of tobacco EBPs in a surgery subspecialty clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Matulewicz
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, New York
| | - Jeffrey C Bassett
- Hoag Urologic Oncology, Hoag Health Network, Newport Beach, California
| | - Lorna Kwan
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Scott E Sherman
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, New York.,Department of Population Health, New York University, New York, New York
| | - William J McCarthy
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christopher S Saigal
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - John L Gore
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
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14
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McCarney EP, McCarthy WJ, Lovitt JI, Gunnlaugsson T. Macrocyclic vs. [2]catenane btp structures: influence of (aryl) substitution on the self templation of btp ligands in macrocyclic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:10189-10200. [PMID: 34788352 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02032c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of four 2,6-bis(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine (btp) olefin based ligands 3, 4, 11 and 12 is described and their attempted use to form mechanically interlocked molecules using ring closing metatheses (RCM) reactions. The btp ligands were modified in two ways, in 3 and 4 the aryl substitution pattern was changed from 4th position to 3rd position and in the case of 11 and 12, the arms were replaced with aliphatic chains. Our study demonstrates that for all four ligands, the RCM reactions only result in the formation of macrocyclic structures, which in three of the cases, were structurally characterised in both solution (using NMR and HRMS) and in the solid-state using X-ray crystallography. NMR studies were also carried out to investigate if these ligands could preorganise in solution via hydrogen bonding interactions. This study provides a handle of how such precursor substitution can be used to direct the formation of macrocycles or mechanically interlocked structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin P McCarney
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - William J McCarthy
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - June I Lovitt
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,SFI Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,SFI Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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15
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Bassett JC, Matulewicz RS, Kwan L, McCarthy WJ, Gore JL, Saigal CS. Prevalence and Correlates of Successful Smoking Cessation in Bladder Cancer Survivors. Urology 2021; 153:236-243. [PMID: 33450283 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and correlates of successful smoking cessation in bladder cancer survivors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A population-based sample of bladder cancer survivors diagnosed over a 3 year period was obtained from the California Cancer Registry. Respondents completed a survey about their tobacco use and attempts at smoking cessation. Contingency tables and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate for correlates of successful smoking cessation. RESULTS Of total survey respondents, 19% (151 of 790) were active smokers at bladder cancer diagnosis and made up our analytic cohort. The majority of included respondents were male, older than 60, and had smoked for >40 years prior to diagnosis. After diagnosis, 76% (115 of 151) of active smokers made a quit attempt and 56% (65 of 115) were successful. Success with smoking cessation was more frequent among those who attempted to quit around the time of initial bladder cancer diagnosis. The majority (66%) of successful quitters did so "cold turkey" without pharmacotherapy or behavioral therapy. After adjustment for demographic and tobacco-related factors, quit attempts specifically motivated by the bladder cancer diagnosis were highly associated with smoking cessation success (OR 11.6; 95% CI 3.73-35.8). Use of pharmacologic or behavioral therapies in the quit attempt were not significantly associated with successful smoking cessation. CONCLUSION Our data underscore the importance of motivation, timing, and the role of the urologist in the quit attempts of bladder cancer survivors. Emphasis should be placed on ensuring the newly diagnosed make a timely quit attempt informed by the causal role of smoking in their malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard S Matulewicz
- Departments of Urology and Population Health, New York University, New York, NY.
| | - Lorna Kwan
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - William J McCarthy
- Department of Health Policy & Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Psychology, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - John L Gore
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Christopher S Saigal
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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16
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Singh PN, Steinbach J, Nelson A, Shih W, D’Avila M, Castilla S, Jordan M, McCarthy WJ, Hayes-Bautista D, Flores H. Incorporating an Increase in Plant-Based Food Choices into a Model of Culturally Responsive Care for Hispanic/Latino Children and Adults Who Are Overweight/Obese. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17134849. [PMID: 32640565 PMCID: PMC7370208 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The national rate of obesity in US Hispanic/Latinos exceeds all other major ethnic subgroups and represents an important health disparity. Plant-based diet interventions that emphasize whole plant foods with minimal processing and less refined grains and sugar have shown great promise in control of obesity, but there is a paucity of data translating this treatment effect to disparate populations. The objective of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Healthy Eating Lifestyle Program (HELP) for accomplishing weight management in a hospital-based, family centered, culturally tailored, plant-based diet intervention for Hispanic/Latino children who were overweight or obese. Methods: Our mixed methods evaluation included: (1) A one arm study to measure changes in body mass index (BMI) from pre- to post-intervention, and (2) A stakeholder analysis of the program staff. Results: For children ages 5–12 years who were overweight/obese, we found no evidence of excess weight gain evidenced by BMI Z scores (Zpost-pre = −0.02, p = 0.11). Among the parent/guardians who were overweight or obese, we found a decrease in BMI that was stronger in men (BMI post-pre = −0.75 kg/m2, p = 0.01) than in women (BMI post-pre = −0.12 kg/m2, p = 0.30). A program strength was the cultural tailoring of the plant-based diet choices. Conclusions: The evaluation raises the possibility that incorporating intervention components of HELP (plant-based food choices, family-based, cultural tailoring) into pediatric weight management can improve the standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramil N. Singh
- Center for Health Research, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (A.N.); (W.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(909)-651-5732; Fax: +1-(909)-558-0306
| | - Jessica Steinbach
- Center for Health Research, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (A.N.); (W.S.)
| | - Anna Nelson
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (A.N.); (W.S.)
| | - Wendy Shih
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (A.N.); (W.S.)
| | - Mary D’Avila
- Diabetes Education Center, Adventist Health White Memorial Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (M.D.); (S.C.)
| | - Selene Castilla
- Diabetes Education Center, Adventist Health White Memorial Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (M.D.); (S.C.)
| | - Michael Jordan
- Research and Center for Hispanic Health, Adventist Health White Memorial Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - William J. McCarthy
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - David Hayes-Bautista
- Center for Study of Latino Health and Culture, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Hector Flores
- Department of Family Medicine, Adventist Health White Memorial Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
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Neuner B, von Mackensen S, Kiesau B, Krampe H, McCarthy WJ, Reinke S, Kowalski D, Shneyder M, Clausnizer H, Rocke A, Junker R, Nowak-Göttl U. Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Construct Validity of the Generic KINDL-A(dult)B(rief) Questionnaire in Adults with Thrombophilia or with Hereditary and Acquired Bleeding Disorders. Acta Haematol 2020; 144:166-175. [PMID: 32506056 DOI: 10.1159/000507602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The newly adapted generic KINDL-A(dult)B(rief) questionnaire showed satisfactory cross-sectional psychometric properties in adults with bleeding disorders or thrombophilia. This investigation aimed to evaluate its cross-sectional and longitudinal construct validity. METHODS After ethical committee approval and written informed consent, 335 patients (mean age 51.8 ± 16.6 years, 60% women) with either predominant thrombophilia (n = 260) or predominant bleeding disorders (n = 75) participated. At baseline, patients answered the KINDL-AB, the MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and the EQ-5D-3L. A subgroup of 117 patients repeated the questionnaire after a median follow-up of 2.6 years (range: 0.4-3.5). A priori hypotheses were evaluated regarding convergent correlations between KINDL-AB overall well-being and specific subscales, EQ-5D-3L index values (EQ-IV), EQ-5D visual analog scale (EQ-VAS), and SF-36 subscales. RESULTS Contrary to hypothesis, baseline correlations between the KINDL-AB and EQ-IV/EQ-VAS were all moderate while, as hypothesized, several KINDL-AB subscales and SF-36 subscales correlated strongly. At follow-up, no significant changes in all three instruments occurred. Correlations between instruments over the follow-up were mostly moderate and partially strong. Contrary to hypothesis but consistent with no significant changes in health-related quality of life, convergent correlations between changes in KINDL-AB overall well-being, physical and psychological well-being, and EQ-IV/EQ-VAS were all weak. CONCLUSIONS While repeated measures of KINDL-AB showed moderate to strong correlations, changes in KINDL-AB overall well-being and subscales correlated more weakly than expected with changes involving two established instruments of generic health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Neuner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvia von Mackensen
- Department of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Kiesau
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Coagulation Center, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck/Kiel, Germany
| | - Henning Krampe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - William J McCarthy
- Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center for Cancer Prevention and Control Research, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sarah Reinke
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Coagulation Center, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck/Kiel, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Childrens' Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Dorothee Kowalski
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Coagulation Center, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck/Kiel, Germany
| | - Maria Shneyder
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Coagulation Center, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck/Kiel, Germany
| | - Hartmut Clausnizer
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Coagulation Center, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck/Kiel, Germany
| | - Angela Rocke
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Coagulation Center, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck/Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralf Junker
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Coagulation Center, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck/Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrike Nowak-Göttl
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Coagulation Center, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck/Kiel, Germany,
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Childrens' Hospital, Münster, Germany,
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18
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McCarthy WJ, May F. Evidence for the Full Potential of Daily Food Choices to Minimize Premature Mortality. JAMA Intern Med 2019; 179:1148-1149. [PMID: 31380948 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Folasade May
- Department of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles
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19
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Gelberg L, Rico MW, Herman DR, Belin TR, Chandler M, Ramirez E, Love S, McCarthy WJ. Comparative effectiveness trial comparing MyPlate to calorie counting for mostly low-income Latino primary care patients of a federally qualified community health center: study design, baseline characteristics. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:990. [PMID: 31340800 PMCID: PMC6651946 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary care-based behavior change obesity treatment has long featured the Calorie restriction (CC), portion control approach. By contrast, the MyPlate-based obesity treatment approach encourages eating more high-satiety/high-satiation foods and requires no calorie-counting. This report describes study methods of a comparative effectiveness trial of CC versus MyPlate. It also describes baseline findings involving demographic characteristics and their associations with primary outcome measures and covariates, including satiety/satiation, dietary quality and acculturation. METHODS A comparative effectiveness trial was designed to compare the CC approach (n = 130) versus a MyPlate-based approach (n = 131) to treating patient overweight. Intervenors were trained community health workers. The 11 intervention sessions included two in-home health education sessions, two group education sessions, and seven telephone coaching sessions. Questionnaire and anthropometric assessments occurred at baseline, 6- and 12 months; food frequency questionnaires were administered at baseline and 12 months. Participants were overweight adult primary care patients of a federally qualified health center in Long Beach, California. Two measures of satiety/satiation and one measure of post-meal hunger comprised the primary outcome measures. Secondary outcomes included weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, dietary quality, sugary beverage intake, water intake, fruit and vegetable fiber intake, mental health and health-related quality of life. Covariates included age, gender, nativity status (U.S.-born, not U.S.-born), race/ethnicity, education, and acculturation. ANALYSIS Baseline characteristics were compared using chi square tests. Associations between covariates and outcome measures were evaluated using multiple regression and logistic regression. RESULTS Two thousand eighty-six adult patients were screened, yielding 261 enrollees who were 86% Latino, 8% African American, 4% White and 2% Other. Women predominated (95%). Mean age was 42 years. Most (82%) were foreign-born; 74% chose the Spanish language option. Mean BMI was 33.3 kg/m2; mean weight was 82 kg; mean waist circumference was 102 cm. Mean blood pressure was 122/77 mm. Study arms on key baseline measures did not differ except on dietary quality and sugary beverage intake. Nativity status was significantly associated with dietary quality. CONCLUSIONS The two treatment arms were well-balanced demographically at baseline. Nativity status is inversely related to dietary quality. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02514889 , posted on 8/4/2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Gelberg
- Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, 10880 Wilshire Blvd, Ste 1800, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Melvin W Rico
- Charles R. Drew/UCLA Medical Education Program, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Dena R Herman
- Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, SQ 200M 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA, 91330, USA
| | - Thomas R Belin
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, 51-267 CHS, mc 177220, 650 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Maria Chandler
- TCC, 701 East 28th Street, Suite 200, Long Beach, CA, 90806, USA
| | - Evangelina Ramirez
- The Children's Clinic of Long Beach Patient Representative, 1715 E. Anaheim St., Apt. 2, Long Beach, CA, 90813, USA
| | | | - William J McCarthy
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, A2-125 CHS, mc 690015, 650 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- William J McCarthy
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, The University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Geffen School of Medicine, The University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Singh PN, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Shih W, Collado N, Le LT, Silguero K, Estevez D, Jordan M, Flores H, Hayes-Bautista DE, McCarthy WJ. Corrigendum: Plant-Based Diets Are Associated With Lower Adiposity Levels Among Hispanic/Latino Adults in the Adventist Multi-Ethnic Nutrition (AMEN) Study. Front Nutr 2019; 6:88. [PMID: 31236387 PMCID: PMC6581749 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pramil N Singh
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Center for Health Research, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Karen Jaceldo-Siegl
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Wendy Shih
- Center for Health Research, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Nancy Collado
- Center for Health Research, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Lap T Le
- Center for Health Research, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Krystal Silguero
- Center for Health Research, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Dennys Estevez
- Center for Health Research, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Michael Jordan
- Center for Hispanic Health, White Memorial Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hector Flores
- Department of Family Medicine, White Memorial Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David E Hayes-Bautista
- Center for Study of Latino Health and Culture, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - William J McCarthy
- Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Singh PN, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Shih W, Collado N, Le LT, Silguero K, Estevez D, Jordan M, Flores H, Hayes-Bautista DE, McCarthy WJ. Plant-Based Diets Are Associated With Lower Adiposity Levels Among Hispanic/Latino Adults in the Adventist Multi-Ethnic Nutrition (AMEN) Study. Front Nutr 2019; 6:34. [PMID: 31024919 PMCID: PMC6465543 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Hispanic/Latino population in the US is experiencing high rates of obesity and cardio-metabolic disease that may be attributable to a nutrition transition away from traditional diets emphasizing whole plant foods. In the US, plant-based diets have been shown to be effective in preventing and controlling obesity and cardio-metabolic disease in large samples of primarily non-Hispanic subjects. Studying this association in US Hispanic/Latinos could inform culturally tailored interventions. Objective: To examine whether the plant-based diet pattern that is frequently followed by Hispanic/Latino Seventh-day Adventists is associated with lower levels of adiposity and adiposity-related biomarkers. Methods: The Adventist Multiethnic Nutrition Study (AMEN) enrolled 74 Seventh-day Adventists from five Hispanic/Latino churches within a 20 mile radius of Loma Linda, CA into a cross-sectional study of diet (24 h recalls, surveys) and health (anthropometrics and biomarkers). Results: Vegetarian diet patterns (Vegan, Lacto-ovo vegetarian, Pesco-vegetarian) were associated with significantly lower BMI (24.5 kg/m2 vs. 27.9 kg/m2, p = 0.006), waist circumference (34.8 in vs. 37.5 in, p = 0.01), and fat mass (18.3 kg vs. 23.9 kg, p = 0.007), as compared to non-vegetarians. Adiposity was positively associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin-6) in this sample, but adjusting for this effect did not alter the associations with vegetarian diet. Conclusions: Plant-based eating as practiced by US-based Hispanic/Latino Seventh-day Adventists is associated with BMI in the recommended range. Further work is needed to characterize this type of diet for use in obesity-related interventions among Hispanic/Latinos in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramil N Singh
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Center for Health Research, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Karen Jaceldo-Siegl
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Wendy Shih
- Center for Health Research, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Nancy Collado
- Center for Health Research, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Lap T Le
- Center for Health Research, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Krystal Silguero
- Center for Health Research, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Dennys Estevez
- Center for Health Research, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Michael Jordan
- Center for Hispanic Health, White Memorial Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hector Flores
- Department of Family Medicine, White Memorial Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David E Hayes-Bautista
- Center for Study of Latino Health and Culture, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - William J McCarthy
- Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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23
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Weiss-Gerlach E, McCarthy WJ, Wellmann J, Graunke M, Spies C, Neuner B. Secondary analysis of an RCT on Emergency Department-Initiated Tobacco Control: Repeatedly assessed point-prevalence abstinence up to 12 months and extension of results through a 10-year follow-up. Tob Induc Dis 2019; 17:26. [PMID: 31582937 PMCID: PMC6751984 DOI: 10.18332/tid/105579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emergency departments (EDs) are opportune places for tobacco control interventions. The ‘Tobacco Control in an Urban Emergency Department’ (TED) study, ISRCTN41527831, originally evaluated the effect of motivational interviewing on-site plus up to four booster telephone calls on 12-month abstinence. This study’s aim was to evaluate the effect of the intervention on 7-day point-prevalence abstinence at 10 years follow-up (primary outcome) as well as on repeated point-prevalence abstinence at 1, 3, 6, 12 months and at 10 years (continual smoking abstinence, secondary outcome). METHODS At the 10 years follow-up and after informed consent, study participants responded to a mailed questionnaire. The primary outcome was analyzed in observed-only and in all-cases analyses. The secondary outcomes were analyzed using a multiple adjusted GLMM for binary outcomes. RESULTS Out of 1012 TED-study participants, 986 (97.4%) were alive and 231 (23.4% of 986) responded to the follow-up at 10 years. For observed-only and all-cases analyses, the effect of the baseline intervention on 7-day point-prevalence abstinence at the 10 years follow-up was statistically non-significant. However, when taking into account all repeated measures, the intervention significantly influenced continual abstinence with odds ratio 1.32 (95% CI: 1.01–1.73; p=0.042). Baseline motivation, perceived self-efficacy to stop smoking, and nicotine dependency were independently associated with long-term continual smoking abstinence (all p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS A conventional analysis failed to confirm a significant effect of the ED-initiated tobacco control intervention on the point-prevalence abstinence at 10 years. Results from a more integrative analysis nonetheless indicated an enduring intervention effect on continual abstinence among smokers first encountered in the emergency department setting 10 years earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Weiss-Gerlach
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - William J McCarthy
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Control Research, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Jürgen Wellmann
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marie Graunke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Spies
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bruno Neuner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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24
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Maxwell AE, Castillo L, Arce AA, De Anda T, Martins D, McCarthy WJ. Eating Veggies Is Fun! An Implementation Pilot Study in Partnership With a YMCA in South Los Angeles. Prev Chronic Dis 2018; 15:E132. [PMID: 30388069 PMCID: PMC6219845 DOI: 10.5888/pcd15.180150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose and Objectives Children eat less than recommended amounts of vegetables. Repeated taste exposure can increase children’s acceptance of initially disliked vegetables. However, implementation of this strategy is lacking. We conducted a pilot study to assess the feasibility of implementing an evidence-based intervention to promote liking of initially disliked vegetables among children enrolled in a YMCA summer camp. Intervention Approach We adapted a research-tested intervention to promote child liking of vegetables for implementation in small groups. In summer 2015, 50 children aged 7 to 12 years were invited to taste 5 initially disliked vegetables daily for 10 days. Evaluation Methods Children rated how much they liked vegetables on a 5-point emoji-like faces Likert scale at baseline and 2- and 4-week follow-up. The mean ratings for liked and initially disliked vegetables were estimated over time using mixed effects modeling. Results We achieved excellent participation of parents and children; however, we experienced nonstudy-related attrition caused by disenrollment of some children from the weekly camp program. The average liking increased over time (linear trend, P = .003) for the 5 targeted vegetables but not for the other nontargeted vegetables, as predicted. Implications for Public Health This pilot study suggests that repeated vegetable tasting opportunities offered by community programs may be a practical strategy for introducing low-income, young children to new or initially disliked vegetables. The study demonstrates the feasibility of implementing a health promotion strategy that has the potential to improve population health in a community setting in an underresourced neighborhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette E Maxwell
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Control Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California.,UCLA Center for Cancer Prevention and Control Research, Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, A2-125 CHS, Box 956900, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6900.
| | - Laura Castillo
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Control Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anthony A Arce
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Control Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Teresa De Anda
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Control Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - David Martins
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University, Los Angeles, California.,Department of General Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - William J McCarthy
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Control Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
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25
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Neuner B, Krampe H, McCarthy WJ, Reinke S, Kowalski D, Clausnizer H, Shneyder M, Rocke A, Nowak-Göttl U. Psychometric Properties of a Modified KINDL-R Questionnaire for Adolescents and Adults, and Construction of a Brief Version, the KINDL-A(dult)B(rief) Questionnaire, KINDL-AB. Acta Haematol 2018; 140:1-9. [PMID: 30007981 DOI: 10.1159/000490408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The generic quality of life KINDL-R -questionnaire is validated for use in children/adolescents ≤16 years. The aim of this cross-sectional investigation was to modify the KINDL-R questionnaire for use in adults and to validate its psychometric properties. METHODS Five items of the KINDL-R questionnaire were adapted and the newly developed KINDL-A(dult) questionnaire administered to 255 patients with hereditary and acquired bleeding disorders (mean age 53 years). Its internal consistency and convergent and divergent construct validity were investigated and confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the latent factor structure. RESULTS The KINDL-A questionnaire showed satisfactory reliability, varying construct validity, but inconclusive factor structure. The KINDL-AB(rief) was developed by removing half of the items and combining 2 sub-axes. This led to factor loadings between 0.62 and 0.91 and increased overall fit (Goodness of fit > 0.8 and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, RMSEA, < 0.08). Results were validated in 966 healthy blood donors (mean age 38 years). In this group, the KINDL-AB questionnaire showed factor loadings between 0.43 and 0.77, Goodness of fit > 0.95 and RMSEA < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS The new KINDL-AB suggests sufficient to good psychometric properties in adult patients with hereditary and acquired bleeding disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Neuner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning Krampe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - William J McCarthy
- University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Center for Cancer Prevention and Control Research, Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sarah Reinke
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Coagulation Center, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck/Kiel, Germany
| | - Dorothee Kowalski
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Coagulation Center, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck/Kiel, Germany
| | - Hartmut Clausnizer
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Coagulation Center, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck/Kiel, Germany
| | - Maria Shneyder
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Coagulation Center, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck/Kiel, Germany
| | - Angela Rocke
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Coagulation Center, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck/Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrike Nowak-Göttl
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Coagulation Center, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck/Kiel, Germany
- University Childrens' Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Münster, Germany
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26
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Mistry R, Pednekar MS, Gupta PC, Raghunathan TE, Appikatla S, Puntambekar N, Adhikari K, Siddiqi M, McCarthy WJ. Longitudinal study of adolescent tobacco use and tobacco control policies in India. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:815. [PMID: 29970049 PMCID: PMC6029385 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5727-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This project will use a multilevel longitudinal cohort study design to assess whether changes in Community Tobacco Environmental (CTE) factors, measured as community compliance with tobacco control policies and community density of tobacco vendors and tobacco advertisements, are associated with adolescent tobacco use in urban India. India's tobacco control policies regulate secondhand smoke exposure, access to tobacco products and exposure to tobacco marketing. Research data about the association between community level compliance with tobacco control policies and youth tobacco use are largely unavailable, and are needed to inform policy enforcement, implementation and development. METHODS The geographic scope will include Mumbai and Kolkata, India. The study protocol calls for an annual comprehensive longitudinal population-based tobacco use risk and protective factors survey in a cohort of 1820 adolescents ages 12-14 years (and their parent) from baseline (Wave 1) to 36-month follow-up (Wave 4). Geographic Information Systems data collection will be used to map tobacco vendors, tobacco advertisements, availability of e-cigarettes, COTPA defined public places, and compliance with tobacco sale, point-of-sale and smoke-free laws. Finally, we will estimate the longitudinal associations between CTE factors and adolescent tobacco use, and assess whether the associations are moderated by family level factors, and mediated by individual level factors. DISCUSSION India experiences a high burden of disease and mortality from tobacco use. To address this burden, significant long-term prevention and control activities need to include the joint impact of policy, community and family factors on adolescent tobacco use onset. The findings from this study can be used to guide the development and implementation of future tobacco control policy designed to minimize adolescent tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Mistry
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, SPH I, Room 3806, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029 USA
| | | | - Prakash C. Gupta
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Trivellore E. Raghunathan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Surekha Appikatla
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, SPH I, Room 3806, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029 USA
| | | | - Keyuri Adhikari
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India
| | | | - William J. McCarthy
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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27
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Mistry R, Pednekar MS, McCarthy WJ, Resnicow K, Pimple SA, Hsieh HF, Mishra GA, Gupta PC. Compliance with point-of-sale tobacco control policies and student tobacco use in Mumbai, India. Tob Control 2018; 28:220-226. [PMID: 29743339 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We measured how student tobacco use and psychological risk factors (intention to use and perceived ease of access to tobacco products) were associated with tobacco vendor compliance with India's Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act provisions regulating the point-of-sale (POS) environment. METHODS We conducted a population-based cross-sectional survey of high school students (n=1373) and tobacco vendors (n=436) in school-adjacent communities (n=26) in Mumbai, India. We used in-class self-administered questionnaires of high school students, face-to-face interviews with tobacco vendors and compliance checks of tobacco POS environments. Logistic regression models with adjustments for clustering were used to measure associations between student tobacco use, psychological risk factors and tobacco POS compliance. RESULTS Compliance with POS laws was low overall and was associated with lower risk of student current tobacco use (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.91) and current smokeless tobacco use (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.77), when controlling for student-level and community-level tobacco use risk factors. Compliance was not associated with student intention to use tobacco (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.21 to 1.18) and perceived ease of access to tobacco (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.53 to 1.00). CONCLUSIONS Improving vendor compliance with tobacco POS laws may reduce student tobacco use. Future studies should test strategies to improve compliance with tobacco POS laws, particularly in low-income and middle-income country settings like urban India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Mistry
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - William J McCarthy
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ken Resnicow
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sharmila A Pimple
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Hsing-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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28
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Bharmal NH, McCarthy WJ, Gadgil MD, Kandula NR, Kanaya AM. The Association of Religious Affiliation with Overweight/Obesity Among South Asians: The Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study. J Relig Health 2018; 57:33-46. [PMID: 27460674 PMCID: PMC5269531 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-016-0290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Religiosity has been associated with greater body weight. Less is known about South Asian religions and associations with weight. Cross-sectional analysis of the MASALA study (n = 906). We examined associations between religious affiliation and overweight/obesity after controlling for age, sex, years lived in the USA, marital status, education, insurance status, health status, and smoking. We determined whether traditional cultural beliefs, physical activity, and dietary pattern mediated this association. The mean BMI was 26 kg/m2. Religious affiliation was associated with overweight/obesity for Hindus (OR 2.12; 95 % CI: 1.16, 3.89), Sikhs (OR 4.23; 95 % CI: 1.72, 10.38), and Muslims (OR 2.79; 95 % CI: 1.14, 6.80) compared with no religious affiliation. Traditional cultural beliefs (7 %), dietary pattern (1 %), and physical activity (1 %) mediated 9 % of the relationship. Interventions designed to promote healthy lifestyle changes to reduce the burden of overweight/obesity among South Asians need to be culturally and religiously tailored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William J. McCarthy
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health Department Cancer Prevention & Control Res/FSPH & JCCC BOX 956900, A2-125 CHS Los Angeles, CA 90095-6900, USA
| | - Meghana D. Gadgil
- UCSF Division of General Internal Medicine 1545 Divisadero Street San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Namratha R. Kandula
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine 750 N Lake Shore Drive, 10 Floor Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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29
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Policies protecting children from exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) may help prevent SHS-related negative health outcomes in children and discourage them from intending to smoke in the future. In this study, we assess the impact of California's 2007 smoke-free vehicle law on changes in middle and high school students' reported exposure to smoking in cars. Secondary aims included assessing the association of student-reported exposure to smoking in vehicles and lifetime asthma diagnosis and future intentions to smoke. METHODS Population-weighted data from the California Student Tobacco Survey and the National Youth Tobacco Survey were used to evaluate California and national trends, respectively. Weighted logistic regression models using California Student Tobacco Survey 2011 data assessed the association between the number of days of exposure to smoking in cars and student-reported lifetime asthma diagnosis as well as intention to smoke in the future. RESULTS The proportion of California students reporting exposure to smoking in cars in the last 7 days declined <1% annually from 2001 through 2005, but declined 12% annually from 2007 to 2011. National trends did not show comparable declines after 2006. Students reporting exposure to smoking in vehicles were more likely to report having ever been diagnosed with asthma and intending to smoke in the future than students who were not exposed to SHS. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the legislative intent that public policies that are designed to protect children from exposure to smoking in vehicles will yield better adolescent health outcomes and a lower risk of future adolescent cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minal Patel
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, and .,Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Chan L. Thai
- Department of Communication, College of Arts & Sciences, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California
| | | | - Tony Kuo
- Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Hong Zheng
- Health and Human Development Program, WestEd, Los Alamitos, California
| | - Barbara Dietsch
- Health and Human Development Program, WestEd, Los Alamitos, California
| | - William J. McCarthy
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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Berman BA, Jones L, Jones F, Jones A, Pacheco BA, McCarthy WJ. How can we help African American substance users stop smoking? client and agency perspectives. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2017; 18:428-444. [PMID: 29257942 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2017.1404955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Research is needed to better understand barriers to smoking cessation and sustained abstinence among racial/ethnic minority polydrug users. We conducted community dialogue groups involving 49 clients in substance use treatment programs with predominantly ethnic minority clientele and individual dialogues/interviews with seven program providers (stakeholders). Most clients were African American, under 40 years old, women, current smokers, and high school graduates. Smoking cessation services in these programs were considered inadequate and community programs insufficiently culturally tailored and economically and geographically inaccessible. Participants discussed individual "willpower" and choice; agency tobacco-related programs and policies; the relationships between smoking, smoking cessation, and treatment goals; and steps needed to reshape agency services and policies to provide greater support for smoking cessation in this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Berman
- a Department of Health Policy and Management , UCLA Fielding School of Public Health , Los Angeles , California
| | - Loretta Jones
- b Division of Community Engagement Healthy African American Families , Los Angeles , California.,c Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Community Faculty , Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science , Los Angeles , California
| | - Felica Jones
- b Division of Community Engagement Healthy African American Families , Los Angeles , California
| | - Andrea Jones
- b Division of Community Engagement Healthy African American Families , Los Angeles , California.,d Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science , Los Angeles , California
| | | | - William J McCarthy
- a Department of Health Policy and Management , UCLA Fielding School of Public Health , Los Angeles , California
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31
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Lemhoefer C, Rabe GL, Wellmann J, Bernstein SL, Cheung KW, McCarthy WJ, Lauridsen SV, Spies C, Neuner B. Emergency Department-Initiated Tobacco Control: Update of a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Prev Chronic Dis 2017; 14:E89. [PMID: 28981403 PMCID: PMC5645196 DOI: 10.5888/pcd14.160434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A 2012 systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on emergency department-initiated tobacco control (ETC) showed only short-term efficacy. The aim of this study was to update data through May 2015. METHODS After registering the study protocol on the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) in May 2015, we searched 7 databases and the gray literature. Our outcome of interest was the point prevalence of tobacco-use abstinence at 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, or 12-month follow-up. We calculated the relative risk (RR) of tobacco-use abstinence after ETC at each follow-up time separately for each study and then pooled Mantel-Haenszel RRs by follow-up time. These results were pooled with results of the 7 studies included in the previous review. We calculated the effect of ETC on the combined point prevalence of tobacco-use abstinence across all follow-up times by using generalized linear mixed models. RESULTS We retrieved 4 additional studies, one published as an abstract, comprising 1,392 participants overall. The 1-month follow-up point prevalence of tobacco-use abstinence after ETC resulted in an RR of 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-2.05) across 3 studies; 3-month follow-up, an RR of 1.38 (95% CI, 1.12-1.71) across 9 studies; 6-month follow-up, an RR of 1.09 (95% CI, 0.84-1.41) across 6 studies; and 12-month follow-up, an RR of 1.26 (95% CI, 1.00-1.59) across 3 studies. The effect on the combined point prevalence of abstinence was an RR of 1.40 (95% CI, 1.06-1.86) (P = .02). CONCLUSION ETC is effective in promoting continual tobacco-use abstinence up to 12 months after intervention. ETC may be a critically important public health strategy for engaging hard-to-reach smokers in tobacco-use cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lemhoefer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gwen Lisa Rabe
- Krankenhaus der Augustinerinnen, Department of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wellmann
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Steven L Bernstein
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine; Yale Cancer Center; Department of Health Policy, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ka Wai Cheung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - William J McCarthy
- University of California Los Angeles, Center for Cancer Prevention and Control Research, Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Susanne Vahr Lauridsen
- University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Department of Urology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudia Spies
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bruno Neuner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Sugiyama T, Horino M, Inoue K, Kobayashi Y, Shapiro MF, McCarthy WJ. Trends of Child's Weight Perception by Children, Parents, and Healthcare Professionals during the Time of Terminology Change in Childhood Obesity in the United States, 2005-2014. Child Obes 2016; 12:463-473. [PMID: 27710015 PMCID: PMC5107670 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2016.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes on self- and parental weight perceptions and parental communication with healthcare professionals (HCPs) in the United States during the mid-2000s period when the terminology changed for classifications of childhood obesity/overweight. METHODS A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted with 6799 children aged 8-15 years with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2014. BMI was calculated from objectively measured heights and weights, and children were classified as normal/underweight, overweight or obese, using the new terminology. Children reported their own weight status. Parents reported their child's weight status and reported how HCPs described their children's weight status. Logistic regressions were used to investigate changes in weight perceptions among overweight/obese children themselves and their parents and parental communication with HCPs about children's overweight/obesity status during the time of the terminology change. RESULTS The proportion of parents told by HCPs about children's weight status increased for overweight children [6.8% in 2005-2006 to 18.8% in 2013-2014, p for trend (ptrend = 0.02)], and marginally increased between 2005-2006 (37.1%) and 2007-2008 (45.4%) for obese children (p = 0.09). However, parental perceptions for obese/overweight children did not change. Also, obese children's weight perception did not change, and the proportion of overweight children who perceived their weight status accurately declined in 2005-2012 (25.9%-16.4%, ptrend = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Although the terminology change about childhood obesity/overweight was associated with increased communication about child's weight status by HCPs, the accuracy of weight perceptions among obese/overweight children or their parents did not improve or declined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Sugiyama
- Diabetes and Metabolism Information Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Public Health/Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masako Horino
- UCLA Center for Cancer Prevention and Control Research, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kaori Inoue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuki Kobayashi
- Department of Public Health/Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Martin F. Shapiro
- Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
- Division of General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - William J. McCarthy
- UCLA Center for Cancer Prevention and Control Research, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
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Bostean G, Crespi CM, Vorapharuek P, McCarthy WJ. E-cigarette use among students and e-cigarette specialty retailer presence near schools. Health Place 2016; 42:129-136. [PMID: 27770669 PMCID: PMC5126978 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the association between presence of e-cigarette specialty retailers near schools and e-cigarette use among middle and high school students in Orange County (OC), CA. METHODS The OC subsample of the 2013-2014 California Healthy Kids Survey (N=67,701) was combined with geocoded e-cigarette retailers to determine whether a retailer was present within one-quarter mile of each public school in OC. Multilevel logistic regression models evaluated individual-level and school-level e-cigarette use correlates among middle and high school students. RESULTS Among middle school students, the presence of an e-cigarette retailer within one-quarter mile of their school predicted lifetime e-cigarette use (OR=1.70, 95% CI=1.02, 2.83), controlling for confounders but no effect for current use. No significant effect was found for high school students. CONCLUSIONS E-cigarette specialty retailers clustered around schools may be an environmental influence on student e-cigarette experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana Bostean
- Department of Sociology, Environmental Science & Policy Program, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, (714) 516-5910; fax: (714) 997-6823
| | - Catherine M. Crespi
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E. Young Dr. South, 51-254 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772
| | - Patsornkarn Vorapharuek
- Environmental Management, University of San Francisco, Harney Science Center, 2130 Fulton Street, San Francisco, CA 94117-1080
| | - William J. McCarthy
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Center for Cancer Prevention & Control Research, A2-125 CHS, 650 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles 90095-6900; (310) 794-7587; fax: 310-206-3566
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Kuo AA, Sharif MZ, Prelip ML, Glik DC, Albert SL, Belin T, McCarthy WJ, Roberts CK, Garcia RE, Ortega AN. Training the Next Generation of Latino Health Researchers: A Multilevel, Transdisciplinary, Community-Engaged Approach. Health Promot Pract 2016; 18:497-504. [PMID: 27609622 DOI: 10.1177/1524839916665091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Reducing health disparities is a national public health priority. Latinos represent the largest racial/ethnic minority group in the United States and suffer disproportionately from poor health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease risk. Academic training programs are an opportunity for reducing health disparities, in part by increasing the diversity of the public health workforce and by incorporating training designed to develop a skill set to address health disparities. This article describes the Training and Career Development Program at the UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities: a multilevel, transdisciplinary training program that uses a community-engaged approach to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in two urban Mexican American communities. Results suggest that this program is effective in enhancing the skill sets of traditionally underrepresented students to become health disparities researchers and practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice A Kuo
- 1 UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,2 David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mienah Z Sharif
- 1 UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael L Prelip
- 1 UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Deborah C Glik
- 1 UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie L Albert
- 1 UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Belin
- 1 UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William J McCarthy
- 1 UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Rosa Elena Garcia
- 1 UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander N Ortega
- 1 UCLA Center for Population Health and Health Disparities, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,4 Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Cavallo DN, Horino M, McCarthy WJ. Adult Intake of Minimally Processed Fruits and Vegetables: Associations with Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Factors. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016; 116:1387-1394. [PMID: 27174619 PMCID: PMC5034720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The US Department of Agriculture launched ChooseMyPlate.gov nutrition recommendations designed to encourage increased fruit and vegetable intake, in part, as a strategy for improving weight control through the consumption of high-satiation foods. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess the relationship between adults' reported daily intake of fruits and nonstarchy vegetables (ie, those thought to have the lowest energy density) expressed as a proportion of their total daily food intake and objectively measured cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk factors using data from the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Physical activity was included as a moderator variable. DESIGN This study employed a cross-sectional examination of 2009-2010 NHANES data to assess how daily fruit and nonstarchy vegetable intake was associated with anthropometric measures and cardiometabolic blood chemistry markers. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Adults free of cardiac or metabolic disease (n=1,197) participated in 24-hour dietary recalls; a variety of cardiometabolic biomarkers and anthropometric measures were also collected from participants. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Among participants with complete data on all variables, the ratio of the combined cup-equivalents of fruit and nonstarchy vegetable intake to the total gram weight of all foods consumed daily (F/V ratio) served as the primary independent variable. Main dependent measures included fasting glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, total cholesterol, waist circumference, and body mass index. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Demographic and behavioral predictors of the F/V ratio and the association between the F/V ratio and cardiometabolic disease risk factors were examined using multivariate regression. RESULTS Body mass index (β=-2.58; 95% CI -3.88 to -1.28), waist circumference (β=-6.33; 95% CI -9.81 to -2.84), and insulin (β=-0.21; 95% CI -0.37 to -0.05) were inversely associated with the F/V ratio. These associations were weakened for the subset that adhered to federal physical activity recommendations. No other statistically significant associations were found between F/V ratio and main dependent measures. CONCLUSIONS In this nationally representative sample, predicted inverse associations between the proportion of daily fruit and nonstarchy vegetable intake relative to total intake and measures reflective of body fat composition and fasting insulin were confirmed. Future research should examine whether a similar association is observed for other sources of resistant starch, such as whole grains, which are arguably more strongly linked with satiety and host insulin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N. Cavallo
- Case Western Reserve University Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine – WG48, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106,, P: 216-368-6627, F: 216-368-6644
| | - Masako Horino
- University of California Los Angeles, Center for Cancer Prevention and Control Research, Los Angeles, CA, 650 Charles Young Dr. S, A2-125 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095,, P: 310-825-2594, F: 310-825-3317
| | - William J. McCarthy
- Fielding School of Public Health & Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, 650 Charles Young Dr. S, A2-125 CHS, Box 690015, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6900,, P: 310-794-7587, F: 310-206-3566
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Abstract
Does quitting cigarette smoking help or hurt the polydrug user in treatment for drug use? Data were obtained from 407 polydrug users in 15 treatment centers in Los Angeles at baseline and one-year follow-up. Measures: Smoking status, reported drug use, urine test results, SF-36 scores, Hopkins SCL, ASI-alcohol use, -drug use, -psychiatric problems, and ad hoc employment-related problems. Results: Most respondents (95%) reported some lifetime smoking. Over one-year follow-up, 29% reported a change in smoking status. At follow-up, stable former smokers reported fewer psychiatric problems than stable current smokers. Change in smoking status was associated with reduced heroin use, but with increased psychiatric problems and employment-related problems. Stable former smokers consistently reported healthier outcomes than either stable regular smokers or status changers, as reflected in somatization, obsessive/compulsive behavior, depression, and anxiety scores. Conclusions: Long-term but not short-term abstinence from tobacco use in polydrug users undergoing treatment is associated with consistently more favorable health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cyleste Collins
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences at UCLA and Associate Director of the UCLA Drug Abuse Research Center
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Abstract
Twenty-six male and 26 female undergraduates participated in four-person mixed-sex group discussions. After each of three discussions in which a consensus was required, each person in the group rated the other members on their degree of talkativeness, on the quality of their expressed ideas, and on the degree of their concern for other's feelings. Results showed that sex role orientation alone predicted task-orientation; individuals of both sexes who had high masculinity scores on the BSRI were perceived to have talked more and to have had good ideas. Gender and sex role orientation predicted warm socioemotional behavior: Females and individuals with high femininity scores were judged to have been more concerned about group members' feelings. The prediction that androgynous individuals would exhibit the greatest behavioral flexibility (perform both task and socioemotional behaviors) was marginally supported.
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Yancey AK, Jordan A, Bradford J, Voas J, Eller TJ, Buzzard M, Welch M, McCarthy WJ. Engaging High-Risk Populations in Community-Level Fitness Promotion: ROCK! Richmond. Health Promot Pract 2016; 4:180-8. [PMID: 14610988 DOI: 10.1177/1524839902250773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether ROCK! Richmond, a healthy nutrition and physical activity promotion initiative of the Richmond (Virginia) City Department of Public Health was effectively recruiting the high-risk individuals for whom this lifestyle change intervention was intended. The effectiveness of recruitment, participant demographic and health status characteristics were compared with those of respondents to a random sample survey conducted 18 months earlier. Relatively high-risk residents were recruited. ROCK! Richmond participants were disproportionately African American and female, had significantly higher body mass indices (BMIs), and were more likely to report a family history of chronic disease. However, their employment, education, and income levels were higher than those of the citywide sample. Certain high-risk segments of the population were successfully reached and involved in community fitness activities. Different recruitment methods may need to be used to recruit more from among the lowest socioeconomic strata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antronette K Yancey
- Department of Health Services, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control Research, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Abstract
This article reports two studies aimed at developing a new scale of attitudes toward women, incorporating six theoretically derived perspectives: conservative; liberal, radical, socialist, and cultural feminist; and women of color (womanist). In Study 1, an initial pool of 306 items was given to 117 respondents. Selection of 10 attitudinal and 3 behavioral items from each perspective for the final scale was based chiefly on item-total correlations. In Study 2, the Feminist Perspectives Scale was administered to 344 respondents and showed reasonable reliability and validity. For Femscore, a composite of five feminist attitudinal subscales, Cronbach's alpha was .91; test–retest correlations were .91 at 2 weeks and .86 at 4 weeks. Empirical data provided generally good support for the six perspectives, and factor analysis produced partial support for the six-perspective structure.
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McCarthy WJ. In the Patient's Best Interest: Women and the Politics of Medical Decisions, SUE FISHER, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1986, 214 pp. (+ix), $25.00. Psychology of Women Quarterly 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.1987.tb00912.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bostean G, Trinidad DR, McCarthy WJ. Bostean et al. Respond. Am J Public Health 2016; 106:e13-4. [PMID: 27049426 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2016.303165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana Bostean
- Georgiana Bostean is with the Sociology Department and Environmental Science and Policy Program, Chapman University, Orange, CA. Dennis R. Trinidad is with the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego. William J. McCarthy is with the Center for Cancer Prevention and Control Research, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Dennis R Trinidad
- Georgiana Bostean is with the Sociology Department and Environmental Science and Policy Program, Chapman University, Orange, CA. Dennis R. Trinidad is with the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego. William J. McCarthy is with the Center for Cancer Prevention and Control Research, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - William J McCarthy
- Georgiana Bostean is with the Sociology Department and Environmental Science and Policy Program, Chapman University, Orange, CA. Dennis R. Trinidad is with the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego. William J. McCarthy is with the Center for Cancer Prevention and Control Research, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
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Hohl SD, Thompson B, Krok-Schoen JL, Weier RC, Martin M, Bone L, McCarthy WJ, Noel SE, Garcia B, Calderón NE, Paskett ED. Characterizing Community Health Workers on Research Teams: Results From the Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities. Am J Public Health 2016; 106:664-70. [PMID: 26794157 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2015.302980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify the characteristics of community health workers (CHWs) involved in community intervention research and, in particular, to characterize their job titles, roles, and responsibilities; recruitment and compensation; and training and supervision. METHODS We developed and administered a structured questionnaire consisting of 25 closed- and open-ended questions to staff on National Institutes of Health-funded Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities projects between March and April 2014. We report frequency distributions for CHW roles, sought-after skills, education requirements, benefits and incentives offered, and supervision and training activities. RESULTS A total of 54 individuals worked as CHWs across the 18 research projects and held a diverse range of job titles. The CHWs commonly collaborated on research project implementation, provided education and support to study participants, and collected data. Training was offered across projects to bolster CHW capacity to assist in intervention and research activities. CONCLUSIONS Our experience suggests national benefit in supporting greater efforts to recruit, retain, and support the work of CHWs in community-engagement research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Hohl
- Sarah D. Hohl and Beti Thompson are with the Cancer Prevention Program at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and the Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle. Jessica L. Krok-Schoen, Rory C. Weier, and Electra D. Paskett are with the Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus. Molly Martin is with the Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago. Lee Bone is with the Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. William J. McCarthy and Nancy E. Calderón are with the Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health. Sabrina E. Noel is with the Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell. Beverly Garcia is with the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Beti Thompson
- Sarah D. Hohl and Beti Thompson are with the Cancer Prevention Program at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and the Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle. Jessica L. Krok-Schoen, Rory C. Weier, and Electra D. Paskett are with the Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus. Molly Martin is with the Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago. Lee Bone is with the Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. William J. McCarthy and Nancy E. Calderón are with the Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health. Sabrina E. Noel is with the Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell. Beverly Garcia is with the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Jessica L Krok-Schoen
- Sarah D. Hohl and Beti Thompson are with the Cancer Prevention Program at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and the Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle. Jessica L. Krok-Schoen, Rory C. Weier, and Electra D. Paskett are with the Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus. Molly Martin is with the Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago. Lee Bone is with the Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. William J. McCarthy and Nancy E. Calderón are with the Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health. Sabrina E. Noel is with the Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell. Beverly Garcia is with the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Rory C Weier
- Sarah D. Hohl and Beti Thompson are with the Cancer Prevention Program at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and the Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle. Jessica L. Krok-Schoen, Rory C. Weier, and Electra D. Paskett are with the Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus. Molly Martin is with the Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago. Lee Bone is with the Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. William J. McCarthy and Nancy E. Calderón are with the Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health. Sabrina E. Noel is with the Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell. Beverly Garcia is with the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Molly Martin
- Sarah D. Hohl and Beti Thompson are with the Cancer Prevention Program at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and the Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle. Jessica L. Krok-Schoen, Rory C. Weier, and Electra D. Paskett are with the Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus. Molly Martin is with the Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago. Lee Bone is with the Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. William J. McCarthy and Nancy E. Calderón are with the Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health. Sabrina E. Noel is with the Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell. Beverly Garcia is with the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Lee Bone
- Sarah D. Hohl and Beti Thompson are with the Cancer Prevention Program at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and the Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle. Jessica L. Krok-Schoen, Rory C. Weier, and Electra D. Paskett are with the Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus. Molly Martin is with the Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago. Lee Bone is with the Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. William J. McCarthy and Nancy E. Calderón are with the Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health. Sabrina E. Noel is with the Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell. Beverly Garcia is with the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - William J McCarthy
- Sarah D. Hohl and Beti Thompson are with the Cancer Prevention Program at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and the Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle. Jessica L. Krok-Schoen, Rory C. Weier, and Electra D. Paskett are with the Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus. Molly Martin is with the Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago. Lee Bone is with the Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. William J. McCarthy and Nancy E. Calderón are with the Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health. Sabrina E. Noel is with the Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell. Beverly Garcia is with the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Sabrina E Noel
- Sarah D. Hohl and Beti Thompson are with the Cancer Prevention Program at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and the Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle. Jessica L. Krok-Schoen, Rory C. Weier, and Electra D. Paskett are with the Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus. Molly Martin is with the Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago. Lee Bone is with the Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. William J. McCarthy and Nancy E. Calderón are with the Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health. Sabrina E. Noel is with the Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell. Beverly Garcia is with the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Beverly Garcia
- Sarah D. Hohl and Beti Thompson are with the Cancer Prevention Program at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and the Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle. Jessica L. Krok-Schoen, Rory C. Weier, and Electra D. Paskett are with the Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus. Molly Martin is with the Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago. Lee Bone is with the Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. William J. McCarthy and Nancy E. Calderón are with the Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health. Sabrina E. Noel is with the Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell. Beverly Garcia is with the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Nancy E Calderón
- Sarah D. Hohl and Beti Thompson are with the Cancer Prevention Program at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and the Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle. Jessica L. Krok-Schoen, Rory C. Weier, and Electra D. Paskett are with the Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus. Molly Martin is with the Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago. Lee Bone is with the Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. William J. McCarthy and Nancy E. Calderón are with the Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health. Sabrina E. Noel is with the Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell. Beverly Garcia is with the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Electra D Paskett
- Sarah D. Hohl and Beti Thompson are with the Cancer Prevention Program at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and the Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle. Jessica L. Krok-Schoen, Rory C. Weier, and Electra D. Paskett are with the Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus. Molly Martin is with the Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago. Lee Bone is with the Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. William J. McCarthy and Nancy E. Calderón are with the Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health. Sabrina E. Noel is with the Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell. Beverly Garcia is with the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Abstract
We determined the extent to which adolescents who have never used tobacco try e-cigarettes. Data on the prevalence and correlates of e-cigarette use among 482,179 California middle and high school students are from the 2013-2014 California Healthy Kids Survey. Overall, 24.4% had ever used e-cigarettes (13.4% have never used tobacco and 11.0% have used tobacco), and 12.9% were current e-cigarette users (5.9% have never used tobacco). Among those who have never used tobacco, males and older students were more likely to use e-cigarettes than females and younger students. Hispanics (odds ratio [OR] = 1.60; confidence interval [CI] = 1.53, 1.67) and those of other races (OR = 1.24; CI = 1.19, 1.29) were more likely than Whites to have ever used e-cigarettes, but only among those who had never used smokeless tobacco and never smoked a whole cigarette. E-cigarette use is very prevalent among California students who have never smoked tobacco, especially among Hispanic and other race students, males, and older students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana Bostean
- Georgiana Bostean is with the Sociology Department and Environmental Science & Policy Program, Chapman University, Orange, CA. Dennis R. Trinidad is with the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego. William J. McCarthy is with the Center for Cancer Prevention & Control Research, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Dennis R Trinidad
- Georgiana Bostean is with the Sociology Department and Environmental Science & Policy Program, Chapman University, Orange, CA. Dennis R. Trinidad is with the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego. William J. McCarthy is with the Center for Cancer Prevention & Control Research, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - William J McCarthy
- Georgiana Bostean is with the Sociology Department and Environmental Science & Policy Program, Chapman University, Orange, CA. Dennis R. Trinidad is with the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego. William J. McCarthy is with the Center for Cancer Prevention & Control Research, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
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Honeycutt S, Leeman J, McCarthy WJ, Bastani R, Carter-Edwards L, Clark H, Garney W, Gustat J, Hites L, Nothwehr F, Kegler M. Evaluating Policy, Systems, and Environmental Change Interventions: Lessons Learned From CDC's Prevention Research Centers. Prev Chronic Dis 2015; 12:E174. [PMID: 26469947 PMCID: PMC4611860 DOI: 10.5888/pcd12.150281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The field of public health is increasingly implementing initiatives intended to make policies, systems, and environments (PSEs) more supportive of healthy behaviors, even though the evidence for many of these strategies is only emerging. Our objective was 3-fold: 1) to describe evaluations of PSE-change programs in which the evaluators followed the steps of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) Framework for Program Evaluation in Public Health, 2) to share the resulting lessons learned, and 3) to assist future evaluators of PSE-change programs with their evaluation design decisions. Methods Seven Prevention Research Centers (PRCs) applied CDC’s framework to evaluate their own PSE-change initiatives. The PRCs followed each step of the framework: 1) engage stakeholders, 2) describe program, 3) focus evaluation design, 4) gather credible evidence, 5) justify conclusions, and 6) ensure use and share lessons learned. Results Evaluation stakeholders represented a range of sectors, including public health departments, partner organizations, and community members. Public health departments were the primary stakeholders for 4 of the 7 evaluations. Four PRCs used logic models to describe the initiatives being evaluated. Their evaluations typically included both process and outcome questions and used mixed methods. Evaluation findings most commonly focused on contextual factors influencing change (process) and the adoption or implementation of PSE-change strategies (outcome). Evaluators shared lessons learned through various channels to reach local stakeholders and broader public health audiences. Conclusion Framework for Program Evaluation in Public Health is applicable to evaluations of PSE-change initiatives. Using this framework to guide such evaluations builds practice-based evidence for strategies that are increasingly being used to promote healthful behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Honeycutt
- Emory Prevention Research Center, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322.
| | - Jennifer Leeman
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolin
| | - William J McCarthy
- Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Roshan Bastani
- Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lori Carter-Edwards
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Heather Clark
- Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, Texas
| | - Whitney Garney
- Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, Texas
| | - Jeanette Gustat
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Prevention Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Lisle Hites
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Prevention Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Faryle Nothwehr
- University of Iowa Prevention Research Center for Rural Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Michelle Kegler
- Emory Prevention Research Center, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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McGuirt JT, Pitts SBJ, Ammerman A, Prelip M, Hillstrom K, Garcia RE, McCarthy WJ. A Mixed Methods Comparison of Urban and Rural Retail Corner Stores. AIMS Public Health 2015; 2:554-582. [PMID: 29546125 PMCID: PMC5690250 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2015.3.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to transform corner stores to better meet community dietary needs have mostly occurred in urban areas but are also needed in rural areas. Given important contextual differences between urban and rural areas, it is important to increase our understanding of the elements that might translate successfully to similar interventions involving stores in more rural areas. Thus, an in-depth examination and comparison of corner stores in each setting is needed. A mixed methods approach, including windshield tours, spatial visualization with analysis of frequency distribution, and spatial regression techniques were used to compare a rural North Carolina and large urban (Los Angeles) food environment. Important similarities and differences were seen between the two settings in regards to food environment context, spatial distribution of stores, food products available, and the factors predicting corner store density. Urban stores were more likely to have fresh fruits (Pearson chi2 = 27.0423; p < 0.001) and vegetables (Pearson chi2 = 27.0423; p < 0.001). In the urban setting, corner stores in high income areas were more likely to have fresh fruit (Pearson chi2 = 6.00; p = 0.014), while in the rural setting, there was no difference between high and low income area in terms of fresh fruit availability. For the urban area, total population, no vehicle and Hispanic population were significantly positively associated (p < 0.05), and median household income (p < 0.001) and Percent Minority (p < 0.05) were significantly negatively associated with corner store count. For the rural area, total population (p < 0.05) and supermarket count were positively associated (p < 0.001), and median household income negatively associated (P < 0.001), with corner store count. Translational efforts should be informed by these findings, which might influence the success of future interventions and policies in both rural and urban contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared T McGuirt
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 2200 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill NC
| | | | - Alice Ammerman
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 2200 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill NC
| | - Michael Prelip
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kathryn Hillstrom
- Department of Kinesiology & Nutritional Science, California State University, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Rosa Elena Garcia
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - William J McCarthy
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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47
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Cooper LA, Ortega AN, Ammerman AS, Buchwald D, Paskett ED, Powell LH, Thompson B, Tucker KL, Warnecke RB, McCarthy WJ, Viswanath KV, Henderson JA, Calhoun EA, Williams DR. Calling for a bold new vision of health disparities intervention research. Am J Public Health 2015; 105 Suppl 3:S374-6. [PMID: 25905830 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Cooper
- All of the authors are affiliated with the National Cancer Institute and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities. Lisa Cooper is with Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Alexander N. Ortega and William J. McCarthy are with the University of California, Los Angeles. Alice S. Ammerman is with the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Dedra Buchwald is with the University of Washington, Seattle. Electra D. Paskett is with The Ohio State University, Columbus. Lynda H. Powell is with Rush University, Chicago, IL. Katherine L. Tucker is with the University of Massachusetts, Lowell. Beti Thompson is with the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Richard B. Warnecke is with University of Illinois, Chicago. K. Vish Viswanath and David R. Williams are with Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Jeffrey A. Henderson is with Black Hills Center for American Indian Health, Rapid City, SD. Elizabeth A. Calhoun is with the University of Arizona, Tucson
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Mistry R, Pednekar M, Pimple S, Gupta PC, McCarthy WJ, Raute LJ, Patel M, Shastri SS. Banning tobacco sales and advertisements near educational institutions may reduce students' tobacco use risk: evidence from Mumbai, India. Tob Control 2015; 24:e100-7. [PMID: 23958643 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND India's Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act bans tobacco sales and advertisements within 100 yards of educational institutions. In school-adjacent neighbourhoods in Mumbai, we assessed adherence to these policies and whether tobacco vendor and advertisement densities were associated with students' tobacco use. METHODS High school students' tobacco use was measured using a multistage cluster sampling survey (n=1533). Field geographic information systems data were obtained for all tobacco vendors and advertisements within 500 m of schools (n=26). Random-effects multilevel logistic regression was used to estimate associations of tobacco vendor and advertisement densities with ever tobacco use, current smokeless tobacco use and current tobacco use. RESULTS There were 1741 tobacco vendors and 424 advertisements within 500 m of schools, with 221 vendors (13%) and 42 advertisements (10%) located within 100 m. School-adjacent tobacco vendor density within 100 m was not associated with the tobacco use outcomes, but tobacco advertisement density within 100 m was associated with all outcomes when comparing highest to lowest density tertiles: ever use (OR: 2.01; 95% CI 1.00 to 4.07), current use (2.23; 1.16, 4.28) and current smokeless tobacco use (2.01; 1.02, 3.98). Tobacco vendor density within 200, 300, 400 and 500 m of schools was associated with current tobacco use and current smokeless tobacco use, but not ever use. CONCLUSIONS The tobacco sales ban near educational institutions could be expanded beyond 100 m. Greater enforcement is needed regarding the current bans, particularly because advertisement density within 100 m of schools was associated with all students' tobacco use outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Mistry
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control Research, University of California, Los Angeles, USA Department of Health Policy and Health Management, University of California, Los Angeles, USA Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mangesh Pednekar
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sharmila Pimple
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Prakash C Gupta
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - William J McCarthy
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control Research, University of California, Los Angeles, USA Department of Health Policy and Health Management, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Lalit J Raute
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Minal Patel
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control Research, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Surendra S Shastri
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
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Bassett JC, Gore JL, Kwan L, Ritch CR, Barocas DA, Penson DF, McCarthy WJ, Saigal CS. Knowledge of the harms of tobacco use among patients with bladder cancer. Cancer 2014; 120:3914-22. [PMID: 25385059 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to determine tobacco use knowledge and attribution of cause in patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer. METHODS A stratified, random sample of bladder cancer survivors diagnosed between 2006 and 2009 was obtained from the California Cancer Registry. Respondents were surveyed about tobacco use, risk factors, and sources of information on the causes of bladder cancer. Contingency tables and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate tobacco use knowledge and beliefs. RESULTS Of 1198 eligible participants, 790 (66%) completed the survey. Sixty-eight percent of the cohort had a history of tobacco use, and 19% were active smokers at diagnosis. Tobacco use was the most cited risk factor for bladder cancer, with active smokers more knowledgeable than former smokers or never smokers (90% vs 64% vs 61%, respectively; P<.001). Urologists were the predominant source of information and were cited most often by active smokers (82%). In multivariate analyses, active smokers had 6.37 times greater odds (95% confidence interval, 3.35-12.09) than never smokers of endorsing tobacco use as a risk factor for bladder cancer, and smokers who named the urologist as their information source had 2.80 times greater odds (95% confidence interval, 1.77-4.43) of believing tobacco use caused their cancer. CONCLUSIONS Patients' smoking status and primary source of information were associated with knowledge of the harms of tobacco use and, in smokers, acknowledgment that tobacco use increased the risk of their own disease. Urologists play a critical role in ensuring patients' knowledge of the connection between smoking and bladder cancer, particularly for active smokers who may be motivated to quit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Bassett
- Department of Health Services, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Urology, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Orange County
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50
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Gase LN, McCarthy WJ, Robles B, Kuo T. Student receptivity to new school meal offerings: assessing fruit and vegetable waste among middle school students in the Los Angeles Unified School District. Prev Med 2014; 67 Suppl 1:S28-33. [PMID: 24747044 PMCID: PMC4199919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize student receptivity to new menu offerings in the Los Angeles Unified School District by measuring the levels of fruit and vegetable waste after implementation of changes to the school lunch menu in fall 2011. METHODS We measured waste at four randomly selected middle schools in the school district, using two sources: a) food prepared and left over after service (production waste); and b) food that was selected but not eaten by students (plate waste). RESULTS 10.2% of fruit and 28.7% of vegetable items prepared at the four schools were left over after service. Plate waste data, collected from 2228 students, suggest that many of them did not select fruit (31.5%) or vegetable (39.6%) items. Among students who did, many threw fruit and vegetable items away without eating a single bite. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that fruit and vegetable waste was substantial and that additional work may be needed to increase student selection and consumption of fruit and vegetable offerings. Complementary interventions to increase the appeal of fruit and vegetable options may be needed to encourage student receptivity to these healthier items in the school meal program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Gase
- Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - William J McCarthy
- Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brenda Robles
- Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tony Kuo
- Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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