1
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Crespi AF, Zomero PN, Sánchez VM, Pérez AL, Brondino CD, Vega D, Rodríguez-Castellón E, Lázaro-Martínez JM. Solid‐State Characterization of Acetylpyridine Copper Complexes for the Activation Of H2O2 in Advanced Oxidation Processes. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200169. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayelén F. Crespi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica Chemistry Buenos Aires ARGENTINA
| | - Paula N. Zomero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica Chemistry Buenos Aires ARGENTINA
| | - Verónica M. Sánchez
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín: Universidad Nacional de San Martin Chemistry Buenos Aires ARGENTINA
| | - Ana L. Pérez
- Universidad Nacional del Litoral Facultad de Bioquimica y Ciencias Biologicas Physics Santa Fé ARGENTINA
| | - Carlos D. Brondino
- Universidad Nacional del Litoral Facultad de Bioquimica y Ciencias Biologicas Physics Santa Fé ARGENTINA
| | - Daniel Vega
- CNEA: Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica Condensed Matter Physics Buenos Aires ARGENTINA
| | | | - Juan Manuel Lázaro-Martínez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica Chemistry Junín 956 1113 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires ARGENTINA
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2
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Lum JS, Brown ML, Farrawell NE, McAlary L, Ly D, Chisholm CG, Snow J, Vine KL, Karl T, Kreilaus F, McInnes LE, Nikseresht S, Donnelly PS, Crouch PJ, Yerbury JJ. CuATSM improves motor function and extends survival but is not tolerated at a high dose in SOD1 G93A mice with a C57BL/6 background. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19392. [PMID: 34588483 PMCID: PMC8481268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98317-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthetic copper-containing compound, CuATSM, has emerged as one of the most promising drug candidates developed for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Multiple studies have reported CuATSM treatment provides therapeutic efficacy in various mouse models of ALS without any observable adverse effects. Moreover, recent results from an open label clinical study suggested that daily oral dosing with CuATSM slows disease progression in patients with both sporadic and familial ALS, providing encouraging support for CuATSM in the treatment of ALS. Here, we assessed CuATSM in high copy SOD1G93A mice on the congenic C57BL/6 background, treating at 100 mg/kg/day by gavage, starting at 70 days of age. This dose in this specific model has not been assessed previously. Unexpectedly, we report a subset of mice initially administered CuATSM exhibited signs of clinical toxicity, that necessitated euthanasia in extremis after 3-51 days of treatment. Following a 1-week washout period, the remaining mice resumed treatment at the reduced dose of 60 mg/kg/day. At this revised dose, treatment with CuATSM slowed disease progression and increased survival relative to vehicle-treated littermates. This work provides the first evidence that CuATSM produces positive disease-modifying outcomes in high copy SOD1G93A mice on a congenic C57BL/6 background. Furthermore, results from the 100 mg/kg/day phase of the study support dose escalation determination of tolerability as a prudent step when assessing treatments in previously unassessed models or genetic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Lum
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Mikayla L Brown
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Natalie E Farrawell
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Luke McAlary
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Diane Ly
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Christen G Chisholm
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Josh Snow
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Kara L Vine
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Tim Karl
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Fabian Kreilaus
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Lachlan E McInnes
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sara Nikseresht
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter J Crouch
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Justin J Yerbury
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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3
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Kirtani DU, Ghatpande NS, Suryavanshi KR, Kulkarni PP, Kumbhar AA. Fluorescent Copper(II) Complexes of Asymmetric Bis(Thiosemicarbazone)s: Electrochemistry, Cellular Uptake and Antiproliferative Activity. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepti U. Kirtani
- Department of Chemistry Savitribai Phule Pune University Ganeshkhind Road Pune 411007 India
| | - Niraj S. Ghatpande
- Bioprospecting Group Agharkar Research Institute Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road Pune 411004 India
| | - Komal R. Suryavanshi
- Bioprospecting Group Agharkar Research Institute Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road Pune 411004 India
| | - Prasad P. Kulkarni
- Bioprospecting Group Agharkar Research Institute Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road Pune 411004 India
| | - Anupa A. Kumbhar
- Department of Chemistry Savitribai Phule Pune University Ganeshkhind Road Pune 411007 India
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4
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Jiang C, Wu B, Xue M, Lin J, Hu Z, Nie X, Cai G. Inflammation accelerates copper-mediated cytotoxicity through induction of six-transmembrane epithelial antigens of prostate 4 expression. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:392-402. [PMID: 33179273 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace metal, but imbalance in copper homeostasis can induce oxidative damage. Inflammation is a fundamental element of various pulmonary diseases. Although a positive relationship between copper and chronic pulmonary diseases has been reported, the underlying reasons are still not clear. The copper level in the sputum of patients with various pulmonary diseases was measured. An inflammatory model was established to evaluate the impact of inflammation on copper uptake in the lung. We found that the level of sputum copper was increased in patients with various pulmonary diseases, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Then, we confirmed that mice with pulmonary inflammation were susceptible to copper-mediated oxidative damage because of copper overload in lung tissue. Further investigation demonstrated that interleukin (IL)-17 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α exerted synergistic effects in airway epithelial cells by upregulating the expression of six-transmembrane epithelial antigens of prostate 4 (STEAP4), a metalloreductase that reduces extracellular copper ions from the cupric state to the cuprous state and facilitates copper uptake. Inhibition of STEAP4 decreased the copper uptake of cells and inhibited copper-mediated oxidative damage. Moreover, we demonstrated that the upregulation of STEAP4 by IL-17 and TNF-α was largely dependent on TNF receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4). Traf4-/- mice were resistant to copper-mediated oxidative damage. Our data suggest a novel IL-17/TNF-α-TRAF4-STEAP4 axis that regulates copper homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Beiying Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghui Xue
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiafei Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenli Hu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomeng Nie
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Shanghai, China
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5
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Pan M, Zheng Q, Yu Y, Ai H, Xie Y, Zeng X, Wang C, Liu L, Zhao M. Seesaw conformations of Npl4 in the human p97 complex and the inhibitory mechanism of a disulfiram derivative. Nat Commun 2021; 12:121. [PMID: 33402676 PMCID: PMC7785736 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
p97, also known as valosin-containing protein (VCP) or Cdc48, plays a central role in cellular protein homeostasis. Human p97 mutations are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. Targeting p97 and its cofactors is a strategy for cancer drug development. Despite significant structural insights into the fungal homolog Cdc48, little is known about how human p97 interacts with its cofactors. Recently, the anti-alcohol abuse drug disulfiram was found to target cancer through Npl4, a cofactor of p97, but the molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we uncovered three Npl4 conformational states in complex with human p97 before ATP hydrolysis. The motion of Npl4 results from its zinc finger motifs interacting with the N domain of p97, which is essential for the unfolding activity of p97. In vitro and cell-based assays showed that the disulfiram derivative bis-(diethyldithiocarbamate)-copper (CuET) can bypass the copper transporter system and inhibit the function of p97 in the cytoplasm by releasing cupric ions under oxidative conditions, which disrupt the zinc finger motifs of Npl4, locking the essential conformational switch of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Qingyun Zheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Huasong Ai
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Xin Zeng
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Chu Wang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Minglei Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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6
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Elamathi C, Fronczek FR, Madankumar A, Prabhakaran R. Synthesis and spectral characterizations of water soluble Cu(ii) complexes containing N-heterocyclic chelates: cell-proliferation, antioxidant and nucleic acid/serum albumin interactions. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04136b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Water soluble N-heterocyclic copper(ii) complexes were synthesized, characterized and studied their DNA/protein binding interactions, antioxidation and antiproliferative potentials. The complex 4 found to be better than other complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Elamathi
- Department of Chemistry
- Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore 641 046
- India
| | | | - A. Madankumar
- Cancer biology Lab
- Molecular and Nanomedicine Research Unit
- Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology
- Chennai 600 119
- India
| | - R. Prabhakaran
- Department of Chemistry
- Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore 641 046
- India
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7
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Elamathi C, Madankumar A, Kaminsky W, Prabhakaran R. Synthesis, spectroscopic studies and biological evaluations of copper(I)/(II) metallates containing nitrogen heterocycles. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Hunsaker EW, Franz KJ. Emerging Opportunities To Manipulate Metal Trafficking for Therapeutic Benefit. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:13528-13545. [PMID: 31247859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The indispensable requirement for metals in life processes has led to the evolution of sophisticated mechanisms that allow organisms to maintain dynamic equilibria of these ions. This dynamic control of the level, speciation, and availability of a variety of metal ions allows organisms to sustain biological processes while avoiding toxicity. When functioning properly, these mechanisms allow cells to return to their metal homeostatic set points following shifts in the metal availability or other stressors. These periods of transition, when cells are in a state of flux in which they work to regain homeostasis, present windows of opportunity to pharmacologically manipulate targets associated with metal-trafficking pathways in ways that could either facilitate a return to homeostasis and the recovery of cellular function or further push cells outside of homeostasis and into cellular distress. The purpose of this Viewpoint is to highlight emerging opportunities for chemists and chemical biologists to develop compounds to manipulate metal-trafficking processes for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth W Hunsaker
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , French Family Science Center, 124 Science Drive , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Katherine J Franz
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , French Family Science Center, 124 Science Drive , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
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9
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Chen H, Yue X, Yang J, Lv C, Dong S, Luo X, Sun Z, Zhang Y, Li B, Zhang F, Gu H, Yang Y, Zhang Q, Ge S, Bi H, Zheng D, Zhao Y, Li C, Peng W. Pyrolysis molecule of Torreya grandis bark for potential biomedicine. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:808-815. [PMID: 31049007 PMCID: PMC6486518 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Torreya grandis is a unique tree species in China. Although full use has been made of the timber, the processing and utilization of the bark has not been effective. In order to explore a new way to utilize the bark of Torreya grandis, a powder of T. grandis bark was prepared and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Differential scanning calorimetry (TG) and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (PY-GC/MS) revealed many bioactive components in the bark of T. grandis, such as acetic acid, 2-methoxy-4-vinyl phenol, D-mannose, and furfural. These substances have potential broad applications in the chemical industry, biomedicine, and food additives. The chemical constituents of the bark of T. grandis suggest a theoretical basis for the future development and utilization of the bark of T. grandis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Chen
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaochen Yue
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jun Yang
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chunxia Lv
- The Scientific Research Institution, Henan Xiaoqinling National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau, Sanmenxia 472500, China
| | - Shuaiwei Dong
- The Scientific Research Institution, Henan Xiaoqinling National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau, Sanmenxia 472500, China
| | - Xuefeng Luo
- The Scientific Research Institution, Henan Xiaoqinling National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau, Sanmenxia 472500, China
| | - Zhiyong Sun
- The Scientific Research Institution, Henan Xiaoqinling National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau, Sanmenxia 472500, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- The Scientific Research Institution, Henan Xiaoqinling National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau, Sanmenxia 472500, China
| | - Baoxiang Li
- The Scientific Research Institution, Henan Xiaoqinling National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau, Sanmenxia 472500, China
| | - Faping Zhang
- The Scientific Research Institution, Henan Xiaoqinling National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau, Sanmenxia 472500, China
| | - Haiping Gu
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yafeng Yang
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qiuling Zhang
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shengbo Ge
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Huitao Bi
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Dongfang Zheng
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Cheng Li
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wanxi Peng
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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10
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Choo XY, Liddell JR, Huuskonen MT, Grubman A, Moujalled D, Roberts J, Kysenius K, Patten L, Quek H, Oikari LE, Duncan C, James SA, McInnes LE, Hayne DJ, Donnelly PS, Pollari E, Vähätalo S, Lejavová K, Kettunen MI, Malm T, Koistinaho J, White AR, Kanninen KM. Cu II(atsm) Attenuates Neuroinflammation. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:668. [PMID: 30319344 PMCID: PMC6165894 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuroinflammation and biometal dyshomeostasis are key pathological features of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Inflammation and biometals are linked at the molecular level through regulation of metal buffering proteins such as the metallothioneins. Even though the molecular connections between metals and inflammation have been demonstrated, little information exists on the effect of copper modulation on brain inflammation. Methods: We demonstrate the immunomodulatory potential of the copper bis(thiosemicarbazone) complex CuII(atsm) in an neuroinflammatory model in vivo and describe its anti-inflammatory effects on microglia and astrocytes in vitro. Results: By using a sophisticated in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach, we report the efficacy of CuII(atsm) in reducing acute cerebrovascular inflammation caused by peripheral administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CuII(atsm) also induced anti-inflammatory outcomes in primary microglia [significant reductions in nitric oxide (NO), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)] and astrocytes [significantly reduced NO, MCP-1, and interleukin 6 (IL-6)] in vitro. These anti-inflammatory actions were associated with increased cellular copper levels and increased the neuroprotective protein metallothionein-1 (MT1) in microglia and astrocytes. Conclusion: The beneficial effects of CuII(atsm) on the neuroimmune system suggest copper complexes are potential therapeutics for the treatment of neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi Choo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeffrey R Liddell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mikko T Huuskonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alexandra Grubman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Diane Moujalled
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica Roberts
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kai Kysenius
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren Patten
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hazel Quek
- Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lotta E Oikari
- Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Clare Duncan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon A James
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lachlan E McInnes
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute for Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David J Hayne
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute for Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute for Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eveliina Pollari
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Suvi Vähätalo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katarína Lejavová
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko I Kettunen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anthony R White
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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