Encapsulating Halometallates into 3-D Lanthanide-Viologen Frameworks: Controllable Emissions, Reversible Thermochromism, Photocurrent Responses, and Electrical Bistability Behaviors

Implementation of Thermal-Triggered Binary-Ternary Switchable Memory Performance in Zn/polysulfide/organic Complex-Based Memorizers by Finely Modulating the S62- Relaxation

Polysulfide-based multilevel memorizers are promising as novel memorizers, in which the occurrence of Sn2- relaxation is key for their multilevel memory. However, the effects of crystal packing and the side group of organic ligands on Sn2- relaxation are still ambiguous. In this work, ionic [Zn(S6)2·Zn2(Bipy)2SO4 (1), Zn(S6)2·Zn(Pmbipy)3 (2)] and neutral [ZnS6(Ombipy) (3), ZnS6(Phen)2 (4)] Zn/polysulfide/organic complexes with different packing modes and structures of organic ligands have been synthesized and were fabricated as memory devices. In both ionic and neutral Zn complexes, the S62- relaxation will be blocked by steric hindrances due to the packing of counter-cations and hydrogen-bond restrictions. Consequently, only the binary memory performances can be seen in FTO/1/Ag, FTO/2/Ag, and FTO/4/Ag, which originate from the more condensed packing of conjugated ligands upon electrical stimulus. Interestingly, FTO/3/Ag illustrates the unique thermally triggered reversible binary-ternary switchable memory performance. In detail, after introducing a methyl group on the 6'-position of bipyridine in ZnS6(Ombipy) (3), the ring-to-chain relaxation of S62- anions at room temperature will be inhibited, but it can happen at a higher temperature of 120 °C, which has been verified by elongated S-S lengths and the strengthened C-H···S hydrogen bond upon heating. The rules drawn in this work will provide a useful guide for the design of stimulus-responsive memorizers that can be applied in special industries such as automobile, oil, and gas industries.

Enhanced Circular Dichroism and Polarized Emission in an Achiral, Low Band Gap Bismuth Iodide Perovskite Derivative

Lead halide perovskites and related main-group halogenido metalates offer unique semiconductor properties and diverse applications in photovoltaics, solid-state lighting, and photocatalysis. Recent advances in incorporating chiral organic cations have led to the emergence of chiral metal-halide semiconductors with intriguing properties, such as chiroptical activity and chirality-induced spin selectivity, enabling the generation and detection of circularly polarized light and spin-polarized electrons for applications in spintronics and quantum information. However, understanding the structural origin of chiroptical activity remains challenging due to macroscopic factors and experimental limitations. In this work, we present an achiral perovskite derivative [Cu2(pyz)3(MeCN)2][Bi3I11] (CuBiI; pyz = pyrazine; MeCN = acetonitrile), which exhibits remarkable circular dichroism (CD) attributed to the material's noncentrosymmetric nature. CuBiI features a unique structure as a poly-threaded iodido bismuthate, with [Bi3I11]2- chains threaded through a cationic two-dimensional coordination polymer. The material possesses a low, direct optical band gap of 1.70 eV. Notably, single crystals display both linear and circular optical activity with a large anisotropy factor of up to 0.16. Surprisingly, despite the absence of chiral building blocks, CuBiI exhibits a significant degree of circularly polarized photoluminescence, reaching 4.9%. This value is comparable to the results achieved by incorporating chiral organic molecules into perovskites, typically ranging from 3-10% at zero magnetic field. Our findings provide insights into the macroscopic origin of CD and offer design guidelines for the development of materials with high chiroptical activity.

Multifunctional Crystalline Coordination Polymers Constructed from 4,4'-Bipyridine-N,N'-dioxide: Photochromism, White-Light Emission, and Photomagnetism

Multifunctional photochromic coordination polymers (CPs) have shown great potential in many areas, like molecular switches, anticounterfeiting, magnetics, and optoelectronics. Although multifunctional photochromic CPs can be obtained by introducing photoresponsive functional units or by exploiting the synergy effect of each component, relatively limited photochromic ligands hinder the development of various multifunctional photochromic CPs. In this work, we reported two multifunctional coordination polymers {[Zn(bpdo)(fum)(H2O)2]}n (1) and {[Mn(bpdo)(fum)(H2O)2]}n (2) based on an easily accessible but underestimated photoactive molecule 4,4'-bipyridine-N,N'-dioxide (bpdo). Compound 1 exhibits photochromism and white-light emission with an ultra-high color rendering index (CRI) of 92.1. Interestingly, compound 1 could emit intrinsic white light in the crystalline state upon UV irradiation both before and after photochromism. Meanwhile, compound 2 displays photochromic and photomagnetic properties, induced by the photogenerated radicals via a photoinduced electron transfer mechanism.

A viologen-based Cd(II) coordination polymer as a multifunctional platform for photochromism, chemochromism and a broad range of fluorescence pH sensing

A multi-responsive Cd(II) coordination polymer (1) has been constructed by introducing a viologen derivative as both the framework backbone and ligand side pendant. Notably, compound 1 exhibits intriguing properties, including photochromism, methanol-assisted photochromism and chemochromism to ammonia. Furthermore, compound 1 also displays fluorescence pH sensing ability in a wide pH range.

Insulator-to-metal-like transition in thin films of a biological metal-organic framework

Temperature-induced insulator-to-metal transitions (IMTs) where the electrical resistivity can be altered by over tens of orders of magnitude are most often accompanied by structural phase transition in the system. Here, we demonstrate an insulator-to-metal-like transition (IMLT) at 333 K in thin films of a biological metal-organic framework (bio-MOF) which was generated upon an extended coordination of the cystine (dimer of amino acid cysteine) ligand with cupric ion (spin-1/2 system) - without appreciable change in the structure. Bio-MOFs are crystalline porous solids and a subclass of conventional MOFs where physiological functionalities of bio-molecular ligands along with the structural diversity can primarily be utilized for various biomedical applications. MOFs are usually electrical insulators (so as our expectation with bio-MOFs) and can be bestowed with reasonable electrical conductivity by the design. This discovery of electronically driven IMLT opens new opportunities for bio-MOFs, to emerge as strongly correlated reticular materials with thin film device functionalities.

Syntheses, structures, photoelectric properties and photocatalysis of iodobismuthate hybrids with lanthanide complex cations

New iodobismuthate hybrids with lanthanide complex counter cations, [Ln(DMF)₈][Bi₂I₉] (Ln = La (1), Eu (2)) and [Tb(DMF)₈]₂[Bi₂I₉]₂ (3) (DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide), were prepared using solvated Ln(III) complexes formed in situ as structure-directing agents. The dimeric [Bi₂I₉]^3- anion moieties of compounds 1-3 are aggregated by two slightly twisted BiI₆ octahedra through face-sharing mode. The different crystal structures of 1-3 are due to the different I⋯I and C-H⋯I hydrogen bond interactions. Compounds 1-3 have narrow semiconducting band gaps at 2.23, 1.91 and 1.94 eV, respectively. Under Xe light irradiation, they exhibit steady photocurrent densities that are 1.81, 2.10 and 2.18 times higher than that of pure BiI₃, respectively. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited higher catalytic activities than 1 in the photodegradation of organic dyes CV and RhB, which are attributed to the stronger photocurrent response derived from the redox cycles of Eu³⁺/Eu²⁺ and Tb⁴⁺/Tb³⁺.

Switching the memory behaviour from binary to ternary by triggering S62- relaxation in polysulfide-bearing zinc-organic complex molecular memories

The use of crystalline metal-organic complexes with definite structures as multilevel memories can enable explicit structure-property correlations, which is significant for designing the next generation of memories. Here, four Zn-polysulfide complexes with different degrees of conjugation have been fabricated as memory devices. ZnS₆(L)₂-based memories (L = pyridine and 3-methylpyridine) can exhibit only bipolar binary memory performances, but ZnS₆(L)-based memories (L = 2,2'-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline) illustrate non-volatile ternary memory performances with high ON2/ON1/OFF ratios (10^4.22/10^2.27/1 and 10^4.85/10^2.58/1) and ternary yields (74% and 78%). Their ON1 states stem from the packing adjustments of organic ligands upon the injection of carriers, and the ON2 states are a result of the ring-to-chain relaxation of S₆^2- anions. The lower conjugated degrees in ZnS₆(L)₂ result in less compact packing; consequently, the adjacent S₆^2- rings are too long to trigger the S₆^2- relaxation. The deep structure-property correlation in this work provides a new strategy for implementing multilevel memory by triggering polysulfide relaxation based on the conjugated degree regulation of organic ligands.

Simultaneously elevating the resistive switching level and ambient-air-stability of 3D perovskite (TAZ-H)PbBr3-based memory device by encapsulating into polyvinylpyrrolidone

The study about simultaneously enhancing the resistive switching level and ambient-air-stability of perovskite-based memorizers will promote its commercialization. Here, a new 3D perovskite (TAZ-H)PbBr₃ (TAZ-H⁺ = protonated thiazole) has been fabricated as FTO/(TAZ-H)PbBr₃/Ag device, which only exhibits binary memory performance with the high tolerant temperature of 170 °C. After encapsulating by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), the (TAZ-H)PbBr₃@PVP composite-based device can demonstrate ternary resistive switching behavior with considerable ON2/ON1/OFF ratio (10^5.9: 10^3.9:1) and high ternary yield (68 %). Specially, this device presents good ambient-air stability at RH 80 % and thermal tolerance of 100 °C. The binary resistive switching mechanism can be ascribed to the halogen ion migration induced by bromine defects in the (PbBr₃)_n^n- framework. But the ternary resistive switching phenomenon in the (TAZ-H)PbBr₃@PVP-based device could be depicted as the carrier transport from filled traps of PVP to (PbBr₃)_n^n- framework (ON1 state) and then carriers flowing in the re-arranged (TAZ-H)_nⁿ⁺ chain in 3D channels (ON2 state). The PVP treatment can not only modify the grain boundary defects, but also facilitate the transport of injected carriers to the perovskite films via Pb-O coordinated bonds and inhibition of order-disorder transformation. This facial strategy for implementing ternary perovskite-based memorizers with good ambient-air-stability is quite meaningful for high-density memory in harsh environments.

A semiconductive copper iodobismuthate hybrid: structure, optical properties and photocurrent response

Pursuits of new types of Pb-free heterometallic halides adequate for photovoltaic applications are still urgent but challenging. In this study, by using in situ-produced [(Me)₂-(DABCO)]²⁺ (DABCO = 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; Me = methyl) cations as structure-directing agents, we successfully constructed a non-perovskite copper iodobismuthate hybrid, namely [(Me)₂-(DABCO)]₂Cu₂Bi₂I₁₂ (1), which features discrete [Cu₂Bi₂I₁₂]^4- anionic moieties formed by the building units of [CuI₄] tetrahedra and [BiI₆] octahedra. UV-Vis diffuse reflectance analyses showed that compound 1 possesses semiconductive behaviors with a narrow optical bandgap of 1.80 eV. More importantly, it exhibits excellent photoelectric switching abilities, and its photocurrent density (2.30 μA cm^-2) far exceeds those of some high-performance halide-based counterparts. Different from many heterometallic analogues, noteworthily, it also has dispersive band structure and strong electronic coupling near the Fermi level, resulting in a material with small effective masses that may be responsible for the good photoelectricity. This study may offer new guidance for the design and synthesis of eco-friendly heterometallic halides with unique structures and desirable properties.

Metal-Organic Frameworks-Based Memristors: Materials, Devices, and Applications

Facing the explosive growth of data, a number of new micro-nano devices with simple structure, low power consumption, and size scalability have emerged in recent years, such as neuromorphic computing based on memristor. The selection of resistive switching layer materials is extremely important for fabricating of high performance memristors. As an organic-inorganic hybrid material, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have the advantages of both inorganic and organic materials, which makes the memristors using it as a resistive switching layer show the characteristics of fast erasing speed, outstanding cycling stability, conspicuous mechanical flexibility, good biocompatibility, etc. Herein, the recent advances of MOFs-based memristors in materials, devices, and applications are summarized, especially the potential applications of MOFs-based memristors in data storage and neuromorphic computing. There also are discussions and analyses of the challenges of the current research to provide valuable insights for the development of MOFs-based memristors.

A pH-Stable TbIII-Based Metal-Organic Framework as a Turn-On and Blue-Shift Fluorescence Sensor toward Benzaldehyde and Salicylaldehyde in Aqueous Solution

A new polydentate tetracarboxylic acid with a benzothiadiazole unit (4',4'''-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-4,7-diyl)bis([1,1'-biphenyl]-3,5-dicarboxylic acid), H₄BTDBA) has been used to prepare a pH-stable three-dimensional Tb^III-based metal-organic framework (MOF) with the formula {[(CH₃)₂NH₂]_0.7[Tb₂(BTDBA)_1.5(lac)_0.7(H₂O)₂]·solvents}_n (Hlac = lactic acid, JXUST-19). JXUST-19 exhibits a new (4,4,12)-connected topology based on tetranuclear [Tb₄] clusters. JXUST-19 can remain stable when soaked in water for at least 1 week and in aqueous solutions with various pH values (2-12) for 24 h. Fluorescence study indicates JXUST-19 can be employed as a rare turn-on and blue-shift MOF sensor toward benzaldehyde (BZ) and salicylaldehyde (SA). To date, JXUST-19 represents the first Tb^III-based turn-on MOF sensor toward salicylaldehyde in aqueous solution, and the fluorescence enhancement and naked-eye detection of BZ have been rarely reported. In addition, JXUST-19 based fluorescent test papers, light-emitting diode lamp beads, and portable composite films were developed to realize naked-eye detection of BZ and SA, which has great potential in practical applications.

A new metal complex-templated silver iodobismuthate exhibiting photocurrent response and photocatalytic property

An organic-inorganic hybrid silver iodobismuthate characteristic of the infrequent [Ag₂BiI₆L₂] cluster (L = I or I₃) and with a unique Ag/Bi molar ratio (2/1), namely, [Zn(bipy)₃]₂Ag₂BiI₆(I)_1.355(I₃)_1.645 (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine; 1), was solvothermally synthesized, and structurally, optically, and theoretically studied. Intriguingly, compound 1 exhibited semiconductor behavior with an optical band gap of 2.33 eV, which endowed it with excellent photoelectric and photocatalytic properties. Electronic structure calculations further revealed that the relative separate conduction band (CB) and valence band (VB) in compound 1 may be responsible for the good optical activity. This study also includes the Hirshfeld surface analyses, thermogravimetric measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization.

Electrical bistability based on metal-organic frameworks

Electrical bistability existing in biochemical networks is critical for the proper functionalization of living systems. The development of artificial materials with electrical bistability begun to attract much interest due to their broad application prospects, especially in the field of memristors. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have advantages in regular pores, crystallinity, structural designability and easy functionalization, which can promote the construction of novel MOF-based memristors and facilitate a better understanding of switching mechanisms. Here, we highlight recent advances in electrically bistable MOFs as memristors, and discuss their switching mechanisms, including interfacial reaction, proton-transfer mechanism, metal ion migration, charge trapping/detrapping and other mechanisms. Challenges and future perspectives are also presented.

Applications of Viologens in Organic and Inorganic Discoloration Materials

Viologen derived from 4,4'-bipyridine has attracted much attention because of its color changing properties with electron transfer, unique redox stability and structural diversity. These characteristics have led to its successful use in various applications, in particular in color-changing materials. In the past few years, researchers have been working on the syntheses of viologen-based color-changing functional materials, and such materials have been widely used in many fields. In photochromic materials, it is used as anti-counterfeiting material; in thermochromic, it is used as memory storage material, and in electrochromic, it is used as a battery material. This Review discusses the progress of viologen in organic and inorganic discoloration materials in recent years. The syntheses of viologen and its derivatives are summarized, and its application in the field of discoloration materials is introduced.

Interpenetration of Donor-Acceptor Hybrid Frameworks for Highly Sensitive Thermal Sensors

Donor-acceptor (D-A) alignment that integrates D-A pairs into the modular and versatile crystalline metal-organic frameworks is a powerful strategy to precisely fabricate multifunctional materials with unique optoelectronic properties and applications at the molecular level. Herein, we reported an unprecedented threefold interpenetrating D-A hybrid framework by incorporating an electron-deficient linear viologen zwitterion into the lead-halide systems. The 1D iodoplumbate nanoribbon and interpenetrating close-packed D-A structure endowed this hitherto unknown semiconductive alignment with the anisotropic conductivity and high stability. When used in a thermal sensor, it presented exceptional electrical properties with a high sensitivity (high thermal index B of 4671 K) and decent temperature coefficient of resistivity (0.72% °C^-1) in wide operational temperature ranges (40-220 °C), which are among the best of the related thermistors. This work develops a pathway to bridge the gaps between hybrid materials and electron devices.

Eosin Y-Containing Metal-Organic Framework as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Direct Photoactivation of Inert C-H Bonds

Xanthene dyes as a class of ideal organic homogeneous photocatalyst have received significant attention in C-H bond activation; however, the inherent nature of fast carrier recombination/deactivation and low stability limits their practical applications. Herein, by the ingenious decoration of eosin Y into a porous metal-organic framework (MOF), a high-performance heterogeneous MOF-based photocatalyst was prepared to efficiently activate inert C-H bonds on the reactants via the hydrogen atom transfer pathway for the functionalization of the C-H bonds. Taking advantage of the fixation effect of a rigid framework, the incorporation of eosin Y into MOF leads to great enhancement of their chemical durability. More importantly, by the introduction of the second auxiliary ligand, the carbonyl groups of xanthene on the eosin Y dyes were perfectly retained and periodically aligned within the confined channels of this rigid framework, which could effectively form excited state radicals to prompt inert C-H bond activation, promoting reaction efficiency by the host-guest supramolecular interaction. New eosin Y-based MOFs were recyclable for six times without reducing photocatalytic activity. This eosin Y functionalized MOF-based heterogeneous photocatalytic system provides an availably catalytic avenue to develop a scalable and sustainable synthetic strategy for the practical application of organic dyes.

2-D Heterometallic Pb-Iodoargentate Framework [PbAg2I6]n with a Diskoid [Pb(18-crown-6)]2+ Linker and Cocatalyst for Synergistically Enhanced Photocatalytic Properties via g-C3N4 Doping

The heterometallic Pb-iodoargentate hybrid [Pb(18-crown-6)(PbAg₂I₆)]_n (1; 18-crown-6 = 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane) was prepared via self-assembly of the tetrahedal AgI₄ and octahedral PbI₆ primary units using crown ether 18-crown-6 as an organic ligand in DMF solvent. The hybrid heterocomposite cocatalyst based on 1 and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) was prepared by a facile solvothermal method. In 1, the dimeric units Ag₂I₆ and Pb₂I₁₀ are joined via face sharing, leading to a ternary heterometallic 1-D [PbAg₂I₆^2-]_n chain containing novel Ag₂Pb₂I₄ cubes. The 1-D chains are joined by the discoid [Pb(18-crown-6)]²⁺ complex cations, forming the 2-D [Pb(18-crown-6)(PbAg₂I₆)]_n hybrid with the skeleton of [Pb₂Ag₂I₆]_n. Compound 1 shows photocatalytic activity in the degradation of MB at room temperature under visible-light irradiation. The photoelectric response measurement showed that the photocurrent of 1 increased from 1.41 to 2.43 μA/cm^-2 when g-C₃N₄ was loaded, indicating that the introduction of a certain amount of g-C₃N₄ on the surface of 1 improves the separation and migration rate of photoinduced electrons and holes. The 1/g-C₃N₄ composite showed much higher photocatalytic efficiency in comparison to pristine 1 and g-C₃N₄ for MB degradation, which suggests the synergistic effect between 1 and g-C₃N₄ toward visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance. Meanwhile, the 1/g-C₃N₄ composite exhibited good reusability and stability in the photocatalytic reaction. Free radical quenching experiments showed that the ^•O₂^- radical is the main reactive substance over catalyst 1, while h⁺, ^•OH, and ^•O₂^- species have synergistic effects over the 1/g-C₃N₄ composite catalyst in the process of photodegradation.

Photo-sensitive hybrids constructed from diphenyliodonium and metal-thiocyanates: photo-induced structure and property transformations

New hybrids constructed from diphenyliodonium and metal thiocyanates have been prepared, and their photo-induced structural transformations and corresponding color/fluorescence/magnetism variations have been investigated.

Sensitive luminescence mechanochromism and unique luminescence thermochromism tuned by bending the P–O–P skeleton in the diphosphonium/iodocuprate(i) hybrid

The unique luminescence mechano/thermochromism of a diphosphonium/iodocuprate(i) hybrid is led by the mechanically induced adjustments in cuprophilic interactions and bent P–O–P backbone upon heating.

Lanthanide-based metal-organic framework materials as bifunctional fluorescence sensors toward acetylacetone and aspartic acid

A family of novel lanthanide-based metal-organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) with bifunctional fluorescence sensing, namely {[(CH3)2NH2]5[Ln5(TBAPy)5]•solvent}n (Ln = Gd (1), Tb (2), and Dy (3), H4TBAPy = 1,3,5,7-tetra(4-carboxybenzene)pyrene), have been synthesized and...

Four Discrete Silver Iodobismuthates/Bromobismuthates with Metal Complexes: Syntheses, Structures, Photocurrent Responses, and Theoretical Studies

Using in situ formed metal complexes of [Fe(bipy)₃]²⁺ or [Ni(bipy)₃]²⁺ (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine) as templates, four new Ag-Bi-X (X = I and Br) compounds are first isolated in the metal-complex-decorated heterometallic halobismuthate family, namely [M(bipy)₃]AgBiI₆ (M = Fe (1), Ni (2)), [Fe(bipy)₃]AgBiBr₆ (3), and [Ni(bipy)₃]AgBiBr₆ (4). Compounds 1-4 feature discrete [AgBiX₆]_n^2n- anions, exhibiting three polymorphisms that may be ascribed to the different stackings and the flexible condensations of [BiX₆] octahedrons and [AgX₄] tetrahedra/[AgX₃] triangles. UV-vis diffuse reflectance analyses reveal that they are narrow band gap semiconductor materials (ca. 1.82-2.13 eV). Intriguingly, the title compounds display excellent photoelectrical switching properties, with photocurrent density following the order 3 > 4 > 2 > 1. In addition, the comparative studies of intermolecular interactions, theoretical band structures, density of states, and effective masses of three polymorphisms have also been investigated.

Resistive Memory Devices Based on Reticular Materials for Electrical Information Storage

Recently, reticular materials, such as metal-organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks, have been proposed as an active insulating layer in resistive switching memory systems through their chemically tunable porous structure. A resistive random access memory (RRAM) cell, a digital memristor, is one of the most outstanding emergent memory devices that achieves high-density electrical information storage with variable electrical resistance states between two terminals. The overall design of the RRAM devices comprises an insulating layer sandwiched between two metal electrodes (metal/insulator/metal). RRAM devices with fast switching speeds and enhanced storage density have the potential to be manufactured with excellent scalability owing to their relatively simple device architecture. In this review, recent progress on the development of reticular material-based RRAM devices and the study of their operational mechanisms are reviewed, and new challenges and future perspectives related to reticular material-based RRAM are discussed.

Impact of diffusion methods and metal cations on photochromic three-component D-A hybrid heterostructures

D-A hybrid heterostructures are an attractive class of hybrid complexes composed of semiconducting organic and inorganic components, which make them potential candidates for applications in the photoelectric fields, particularly as photochromic materials. Herein, we report that the combination of metal cations (M = Zn2+ or Cd2+), silicomolybdic anions, and N,N-di(4-pyridyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalene diimide (DPNDI) via two diffusion methods (A and B) led to four three-component D-A hybrid heterostructures with silicomolybdic anions as electron donors, and one-dimensional (1-D) naphthalenediimide coordination networks of different metal cations, [Zn2(DPNDI)2(H2O)4]·(SiMo12O40) (1-A and 1-B) and [Cd2(DPNDI)2(H2O)4]·(SiMo12O40) (2-A and 2-B), as electron acceptors. Although the different diffusion methods, 1-B, 2-A and 2-B, are isostructures with close cell parameters. Due to the different ionic radii and electronegativity of metal cations in isostructural 1-B and 2-B, they exhibit different electron-transfer photochromic behaviors. This study paves a new path for designing novel photochromic materials through such third-component metal cations.

Photochromism and photocatalysis of organic–inorganic hybrid iodoargentates modulated by argentophilic interactions

A series of organic–inorganic hybrid iodoargentates exhibit photochromic and photocatalytic properties, which could be effectively modulated by argentophilic interactions.

The engineering of stilbazolium/iodocuprate hybrids with optical/electrical performances by modulating inter-molecular charge transfer among H-aggregated chromophores

Good electrical bistability performances in stilbazolium/iodocuprate hybrids stem from the better face-to-face π⋯π stacking interactions induced by the substituents with appropriate lengths and electronic natures.

Achievement of intrinsic white light emission by hybridization-deformable haloplumbates with rigid luminescent naphthalene motifs

The combination of red emissions stemming from deformable haloplumbates and blue emissions originating from luminescent naphthalene motifs give rise to intrinsic single-component white-light emitters.