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Pointillart F, Le Guennic B, Cador O. Pressure-Induced Structural, Optical and Magnetic Modifications in Lanthanide Single-Molecule Magnets. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400610. [PMID: 38511968 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Lanthanide Single-Molecule Magnets are fascinating objects that break magnetic performance records with observable magnetic bistability at the boiling temperature of liquid nitrogen, paving the way for potential applications in high-density data storage. The switching of lanthanide SMM has been successfully achieved using several external stimuli such as redox reaction, pH titration, light irradiation or solvation/desolvation thanks to the high sensitivity of the magnetic anisotropy to any structural change in the lanthanide surrounding. Nevertheless, the use of applied high pressure as an external stimulus is largely underused, especially considering that it can be combined with high pressure X-ray diffraction to establish a complementary structure-property relationship. This Concept article summarizes the few relevant examples of investigations of lanthanide SMMs under applied high pressure, provides conclusions on the effect of such stimulus on molecular structures and magnetic anisotropy, and finally draws perspective on the future development of magnetic measurements under applied pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Pointillart
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Boris Le Guennic
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Cador
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
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Nain S, Mukhopadhyaya A, Ali ME. Unravelling the Highest Magnetic Anisotropy Among all the nd-Shells in [WCp2]0 Metallocene. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7401-7411. [PMID: 38578709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) with a large magnetization reversal barrier are predominated by the lanthanide systems due to their strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC). However, the transition metals have also emerged as potential contenders and the largest magnetic anisotropy has been identified for a cobalt system among any d-series-based SMMs (Bunting et al. Science 2018, 362, eaat7319). In this work, we have explored the magnetic anisotropy in highly axial ligand field systems of metallocene, having different d-subshell (3d4, 4d4, and 5d4). The wave function-based multireference methods including static and dynamic electron correlations have been employed to investigate the zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameters. Here, we report exceptionally large magnetic anisotropy for a 5d complex of [WCp2]0 with the highest energy barrier that is nearly twice as high as the previous record value for the Co complex. We have also observed that the axial ZFS parameter (D) is increasing down the group in the order of 3d < 4d < 5d, pertaining to a large SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Nain
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Aritra Mukhopadhyaya
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Md Ehesan Ali
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
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Patyk-Kaźmierczak E, Izquierdo-Ruiz F, Lobato A, Kaźmierczak M, Moszczyńska I, Olejniczak A, Recio JM. The curious case of proton migration under pressure in the malonic acid and 4,4'-bipyridine cocrystal. IUCRJ 2024; 11:168-181. [PMID: 38275161 PMCID: PMC10916288 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252524000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
In the search for new active pharmaceutical ingredients, the precise control of the chemistry of cocrystals becomes essential. One crucial step within this chemistry is proton migration between cocrystal coformers to form a salt, usually anticipated by the empirical ΔpKa rule. Due to the effective role it plays in modifying intermolecular distances and interactions, pressure adds a new dimension to the ΔpKa rule. Still, this variable has been scarcely applied to induce proton-transfer reactions within these systems. In our study, high-pressure X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy experiments, supported by DFT calculations, reveal modifications to the protonation states of the 4,4'-bipyridine (BIPY) and malonic acid (MA) cocrystal (BIPYMA) that allow the conversion of the cocrystal phase into ionic salt polymorphs. On compression, neutral BIPYMA and monoprotonated (BIPYH+MA-) species coexist up to 3.1 GPa, where a phase transition to a structure of P21/c symmetry occurs, induced by a double proton-transfer reaction forming BIPYH22+MA2-. The low-pressure C2/c phase is recovered at 2.4 GPa on decompression, leading to a 0.7 GPa hysteresis pressure range. This is one of a few studies on proton transfer in multicomponent crystals that shows how susceptible the interconversion between differently charged species is to even slight pressure changes, and how the proton transfer can be a triggering factor leading to changes in the crystal symmetry. These new data, coupled with information from previous reports on proton-transfer reactions between coformers, extend the applicability of the ΔpKa rule incorporating the pressure required to induce salt formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Patyk-Kaźmierczak
- Facuty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań 61-614, Poland
| | - Fernando Izquierdo-Ruiz
- MALTA-Consolider Team and Departamento de Química Física, University Complutense of Madrid, Avda. de Séneca, 2 Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Alvaro Lobato
- MALTA-Consolider Team and Departamento de Química Física, University Complutense of Madrid, Avda. de Séneca, 2 Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Michał Kaźmierczak
- Facuty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań 61-614, Poland
| | - Ida Moszczyńska
- Facuty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań 61-614, Poland
| | - Anna Olejniczak
- Facuty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań 61-614, Poland
| | - J. Manuel Recio
- MALTA-Consolider Team and Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería n° 8, Oviedo 33006, Spain
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Parmar VS, Thiel AM, Nabi R, Gransbury GK, Norre MS, Evans P, Corner SC, Skelton JM, Chilton NF, Mills DP, Overgaard J. Influence of pressure on a dysprosocenium single-molecule magnet. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2656-2659. [PMID: 36780133 PMCID: PMC9972519 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06722f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of external pressure on a high-performing dysprosocenium single-molecule magnet are investigated using a combination of X-ray diffraction, magnetometry and theoretical calculations. The effective energy barrier (Ueff) decreases from ca. 1300 cm-1 at ambient pressure to ca. 1125 cm-1 at 3 GPa. Our results indicate that compression < 1.2 GPa has a negligible effect on the Orbach process, but magnetic relaxation > 1 GPa increases via Raman relaxation and/or quantum tunnelling of magnetisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay S. Parmar
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 140Aarhus C DK-8000Denmark
| | - Andreas M. Thiel
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 140Aarhus C DK-8000Denmark
| | - Rizwan Nabi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Gemma K. Gransbury
- Department of Chemistry, The University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M13 9PLUK
| | - Marie S. Norre
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 140Aarhus C DK-8000Denmark
| | - Peter Evans
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Sophie C. Corner
- Department of Chemistry, The University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M13 9PLUK
| | - Jonathan M. Skelton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M13 9PLUK
| | - Nicholas F. Chilton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M13 9PLUK
| | - David P. Mills
- Department of Chemistry, The University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M13 9PLUK
| | - Jacob Overgaard
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark.
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Shao D, Moorthy S, Zhou Y, Wu ST, Zhu JY, Yang J, Wu D, Tian Z, Singh SKK. Field-induced slow magnetic relaxation behaviours in binuclear cobalt(II) metallocycle and exchange-coupled cluster. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9357-9368. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01620f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Precise control of structures and magnetic properties of a molecular material constitutes an important challenge to realize the tailor-made magnetic function. Herein, we reported that the ligand-directed coordination self-assembly of...
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Romanenko GV, Letyagin GA, Ovcharenko VI. Effect of pressure on the structure of multispin complexes. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Legendre CM, Lüert D, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D. Benchmarking magnetic and spectroscopic properties on highly stable 3d metal complexes with tuneable bis(benzoxazol-2-yl)methanide ligands. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16810-16818. [PMID: 34766963 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03230e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two series a and b of 3d metal based complexes 1-4 [MII{(4-R-NCOC6H4)2CH}2], (with M = Mn (1), Fe (2), Co (3), Ni (4) and R = H (a) or Me (b)) were synthesised and structurally characterized. The complexes were found to crystallize differently depending on the dication ionic radius and the ligand substitution. All complexes showed remarkable X-ray diffraction resolution that will allow further advanced diffraction experiments. Subsequently, their spectroscopic and magnetic properties were analysed. Complexes 3a and 3b notably show slow magnetic relaxation of their magnetization and represent simple model systems relaxing through a phonon-bottleneck process (3a) or as a field-induced single-molecule magnet (3b, Ueff = 45.0 cm-1). Remarkably, the magnetic anisotropy in the manganese complex 1b results in induced slow magnetic relaxation. The influence of the dual 4-methylation of the ligands was investigated and found to generate important variations in the physical features of the corresponding complexes. Accessible via one-pot synthesis, these are highly robust against oxidation and moisture. Through smart ligand engineering, they represent stable and tuneable compounds for benchmarking purposes through standard and less-standard characterization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Legendre
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Daniel Lüert
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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Novikov VV, Nelyubina YV. Modern physical methods for the molecular design of single-molecule magnets. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Many paramagnetic metal complexes have emerged as unique magnetic materials (single-molecule magnets), which behave as conventional magnets at the single-molecule level, thereby making it possible to use them in modern devices for data storage and processing. The rational design of these complexes, however, requires a deep understanding of the physical laws behind a single-molecule magnet behaviour, the mechanisms of magnetic relaxation that determines the magnetic properties and the relationship of these properties with the structure of single-molecule magnets. This review focuses on the physical methods providing such understanding, including different versions and various combinations of magnetometry, electron paramagnetic and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, optical spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Many of these methods are traditionally used to determine the composition and structure of new chemical compounds. However, they are rarely applied to study molecular magnetism.
The bibliography includes 224 references.
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Legendre CM, Damgaard‐Møller E, Overgaard J, Stalke D. The Quest for Optimal 3 d Orbital Splitting in Tetrahedral Cobalt Single‐Molecule Magnets Featuring Colossal Anisotropy and Hysteresis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Legendre
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraβe 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Emil Damgaard‐Møller
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 Aarhus C 8000 Denmark
| | - Jacob Overgaard
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 Aarhus C 8000 Denmark
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraβe 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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10
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Damgaard‐Møller E, Krause L, Tolborg K, Macetti G, Genoni A, Overgaard J. Quantification of the Magnetic Anisotropy of a Single‐Molecule Magnet from the Experimental Electron Density. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emil Damgaard‐Møller
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Lennard Krause
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Kasper Tolborg
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Giovanni Macetti
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), UMR CNRS 7019 1 Boulevard Arago F-57078 Metz France
| | - Alessandro Genoni
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), UMR CNRS 7019 1 Boulevard Arago F-57078 Metz France
| | - Jacob Overgaard
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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11
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Damgaard-Møller E, Krause L, Tolborg K, Macetti G, Genoni A, Overgaard J. Quantification of the Magnetic Anisotropy of a Single-Molecule Magnet from the Experimental Electron Density. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21203-21209. [PMID: 33463025 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Reported here is an entirely new application of experimental electron density (EED) in the study of magnetic anisotropy of single-molecule magnets (SMMs). Among those SMMs based on one single transition metal, tetrahedral CoII-complexes are prominent, and their large zero-field splitting arises exclusively from coupling between the d x 2 - y 2 and dxy orbitals. Using very low temperature single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction data, an accurate electron density (ED) was obtained for a prototypical SMM, and the experimental d-orbital populations were used to quantify the dxy-d x 2 - y 2 coupling, which simultaneously provides the composition of the ground-state Kramers doublet wave function. Based on this experimentally determined wave function, an energy barrier for magnetic relaxation in the range 193-268 cm-1 was calculated, and is in full accordance with the previously published value of 230 cm-1 obtained from near-infrared spectroscopy. These results provide the first clear and direct link between ED and molecular magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Damgaard-Møller
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lennard Krause
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kasper Tolborg
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Giovanni Macetti
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078, Metz, France
| | - Alessandro Genoni
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078, Metz, France
| | - Jacob Overgaard
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Damgaard-Møller E, Krause L, Lassen H, Malaspina LA, Grabowsky S, Bamberger H, McGuire J, Miras HN, Sproules S, Overgaard J. Investigating Complex Magnetic Anisotropy in a Co(II) Molecular Compound: A Charge Density and Correlated Ab Initio Electronic Structure Study. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13190-13200. [PMID: 32869986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding magnetic anisotropy and specifically how to tailor it is crucial in the search for high-temperature single-ion magnets. Herein, we investigate the magnetic anisotropy in a six-coordinated cobalt(II) compound that has a complex geometry and distinct triaxial magnetic anisotropy from the perspective of the electronic structure, using electronic spectra, ab initio calculations, and an experimental charge density, of which the latter two provides insight into the d-orbital splitting. The analysis showed that the d-orbital splitting satisfactorily predicted the complex triaxial magnetic anisotropy exhibited by the compound. Furthermore, a novel method to directly compare the ab initio results and the d-orbital populations obtained from the experimental charge density was developed, while a topological analysis of the density provided insights into the metal-ligand bonding. This work thus further establishes the validity of using d-orbitals for predicting magnetic anisotropy in transition metal compounds while also pointing out the need for a more frequent usage of the term triaxial anisotropy in the field of single-molecule magnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Damgaard-Møller
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lennard Krause
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Helene Lassen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lorraine A Malaspina
- Department 2-Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 3, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Simon Grabowsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Heiko Bamberger
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jake McGuire
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Haralampos N Miras
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Sproules
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Overgaard
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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