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Wan L, Zhu Y, Ke J, Zhang W, Mu W. Compartmentalization of pathway sequential enzymes into synthetic protein compartments for metabolic flux optimization in Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 2024; 85:167-179. [PMID: 39163974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Advancing the formation of artificial membraneless compartments with organizational complexity and diverse functionality remains a challenge. Typically, synthetic compartments or membraneless organelles are made up of intrinsically disordered proteins featuring low-complexity sequences or polypeptides with repeated distinctive short linear motifs. In order to expand the repertoire of tools available for the formation of synthetic membraneless compartments, here, a range of DIshevelled and aXin (DIX) or DIX-like domains undergoing head-to-tail polymerization were demonstrated to self-assemble into aggregates and generate synthetic compartments within E. coli cells. Then, synthetic complex compartments with diverse intracellular morphologies were generated by coexpressing different DIX domains. Further, we genetically incorporated a pair of interacting motifs, comprising a homo-dimeric domain and its anchoring peptide, into the DIX domain and cargo proteins, respectively, resulting in the alteration of both material properties and client recruitment of synthetic compartments. As a proof-of-concept, several human milk oligosaccharide biosynthesis pathways were chosen as model systems. The findings indicated that the recruitment of pathway sequential enzymes into synthetic compartments formed by DIX-DIX heterotypic interactions or by DIX domains embedded with specific interacting motifs efficiently boosted metabolic pathway flux and improved the production of desired chemicals. We propose that these synthetic compartment systems present a potent and adaptable toolkit for controlling metabolic flux and facilitating cellular engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Juntao Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
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2
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Du Z, Li Z, Guang C, Zhu Y, Mu W. Recent advances of 3-fucosyllactose in health effects and production. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:378. [PMID: 39143417 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been recognized as gold standard for infant development. 3-Fucosyllactose (3-FL), being one of the Generally Recognized as Safe HMOs, represents a core trisaccharide within the realm of HMOs; however, it has received comparatively less attention in contrast to extensively studied 2'-fucosyllactose. The objective of this review is to comprehensively summarize the health effects of 3-FL, including its impact on gut microbiota proliferation, antimicrobial effects, immune regulation, antiviral protection, and brain maturation. Additionally, the discussion also covers the commercial application and regulatory approval status of 3-FL. Lastly, an organized presentation of large-scale production methods for 3-FL aims to provide a comprehensive guide that highlights current strategies and challenges in optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Du Z, Zhu Y, Lu Z, Chen R, Huang Z, Chen Y, Guang C, Mu W. Combinatorial Optimization Strategies for 3-Fucosyllactose Hyperproduction in Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:14191-14198. [PMID: 38878091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
3-Fucosyllactose (3-FL), an important fucosylated human milk oligosaccharide in breast milk, offers numerous health benefits to infants. Previously, we metabolically engineered Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) for the in vivo biosynthesis of 3-FL. In this study, we initially optimized culture conditions to double 3-FL production. Competing pathway genes involved in in vivo guanosine 5'-diphosphate-fucose biosynthesis were subsequently inactivated to redirect fluxes toward 3-FL biosynthesis. Next, three promising transporters were evaluated using plasmid-based or chromosomally integrated expression to maximize extracellular 3-FL production. Additionally, through analysis of α1,3-fucosyltransferase (FutM2) structure, we identified Q126 residues as a highly mutable residue in the active site. After site-saturation mutation, the best-performing mutant, FutM2-Q126A, was obtained. Structural analysis and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that small residue replacement positively influenced helical structure generation. Finally, the best strain BD3-A produced 6.91 and 52.1 g/L of 3-FL in a shake-flask and fed-batch cultivations, respectively, highlighting its potential for large-scale industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Lu
- Bloomage Biotechnology Corp., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong 250010, People's Republic of China
| | - Roulin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaolin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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Lee JM, Kim JH, Kim JY, Oh MK, Kim BG. Enhancing the soluble expression of α-1,2-fucosyltransferase in E. coli using high-throughput flow cytometry screening coupled with a split-GFP. J Biotechnol 2024; 387:49-57. [PMID: 38556215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL), one of the major human milk oligosaccharides, was produced in several engineered microorganisms. However, the low solubility of α-1,2-fucosyltransferase (α1,2-FucT) often becomes a bottleneck to produce maximum amount of 2'-FL in the microorganisms. To overcome this solubility issue, the following studies were conducted to improve the soluble expression of α1,2-FucT. Initially, hydrophobic amino acids in the hydrophilic region of the 6 α-helices were mutated, adhering to the α-helix rule. Subsequently, gfp11 was fused to the C-terminal of futC gene encoding α1,2-FucT (FutC), enabling selection of high-fluorescence mutants through split-GFP. Each mutant library was screened via fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) to separate soluble mutants for high-throughput screening. As a result, L80C single mutant and A121D/P124A/L125R triple mutant were found, and a combined quadruple mutant was created. Furthermore, we combined mutations of conserved sequences (Q150H/C151R/Q239S) of FutC, which showed positive effects in the previous studies from our lab, with the above quadruple mutants (L80C/A121D/P124A/L125R). The resulting strain produced approximately 3.4-fold higher 2'-FL titer than that of the wild-type, suggesting that the conserved sequence mutations are an independent subset of the mutations that further improve the solubility of the target protein acquired by random mutagenesis using split-GFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Min Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-763, South Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Program for Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program for Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Oh
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-763, South Korea.
| | - Byung-Gee Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Program for Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Bio-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute for Sustainable Development (ISD), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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5
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Li M, Zhang T, Li C, Gao W, Liu Z, Miao M. Semi-rationally designed site-saturation mutation of Helicobacter pylori α-1,2-fucosyltransferase for improved catalytic activity and thermostability. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129316. [PMID: 38218286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori HpfutC, a glycosyltransferase (GT) 11 family glycoprotein, has great potential for industrial 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) production. However, its limited catalytic activity, low expression, and poor thermostability hinder practical applications. Herein, a semi-rationally designed site-saturation mutation was applied to engineer the catalytic activity and thermostability of HpfutC. The 6 single point mutants (K102T, R105C, D115S, Y251F, A255G and K282E) and 6 combined mutants (V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, and V6) with enhanced enzyme activity were obtained by mutant library screening and ordered recombination mutation. The optimal mutant V6, with an optimum temperature of 40 °C, was not a metal-dependent enzyme, yet the reaction was facilitated by Mn2+. Compared to wild-type HpfutC, mutant V6 exhibited a 2.3-fold increase in specific activity and a 2.18-fold increase in half-life at 40 °C, respectively. Kinetic parameters indicated that the Km values of mutant V6 were 34.5 % (lactose) and 25.0 % (GDP-L-fucose) lower than those of the wild enzyme, whereas the kcat/Km values were 1.20 and 1.25-fold higher than those of the wild enzyme. Further, 3D-structure analysis revealed that the highly rigid structure, formation of new hydrogen bonds, increased hydrophobic residues and redistribution of electrostatic charges on the surface may be responsible for the elevated enzyme activity and thermostability. The strategy adopted in this study is of great significance to the solution of the technical bottleneck of HpfutC and the industrial application of 2'-FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Chenchen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Science and Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Zheng L, Zhou R, Jiang B, Chen J, Hu M, Zhang T. Permeabilized whole cells containing co-expressed cyclomaltodextrinase and maltooligosyltrehalose synthase facilitate the synthesis of nonreducing maltoheptaose (N-G7) from β-cyclodextrin. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7061-7069. [PMID: 37337412 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maltodextrin is an important bulk ingredient in food and other industries; however, drawbacks such as uneven polymerization and high reducibility limit its utilization. Nonreducing maltoheptaose (N-G7) is a good substitute for maltodextrin owing to its single degree of polymerization and its nonreducing properties. In this study, in vitro cell factory biotransformation of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) to N-G7 is demonstrated using coexpressed cyclomaltodextrinase (CDase, EC 3.2.1.54) and maltooligosyltrehalose synthase (MTSase, EC 5.4.99.15). However, the cell membrane prevents β-CD from entering the cell owing to its large diameter. RESULTS The amylase-deficient permeabilized host ΔycjM-ΔmalS-ΔlpxM is utilized for the coexpression of recombinant CDase and MTSase. Deletion of lpxM effectively allows the entry of β-cyclodextrin into the cell, despite its large diameter, without requiring any relevant cell membrane permeability-promoting reagent. This results in a 28.44% increase in the efficiency of β-CD entry into the cell, thus enabling intracellular N-G7 synthesis without the extracellular secretion of recombinant CDase and MTSase. After reacting for 5.5 h, the highest purity of N-G7 (65.50%) is obtained. However, hydrolysis decreases the purity of N-G7 to 49.30%, thus resulting in a conversion rate of 40.16% for N-G7 when the reaction lasts 6 h. Precise control of reaction time is crucial for obtaining high-purity N-G7. CONCLUSION Whole-cell catalysis avoids cell fragmentation and facilitates the creation of an eco-friendly, energy-efficient biotransformation system; thus, it is a promising approach for N-G7 synthesis. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruiqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Miaomiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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7
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Chen R, Zhu Y, Wang H, Liu Y, Meng J, Chen Y, Mu W. Engineering Escherichia coli MG1655 for Highly Efficient Biosynthesis of 2'-Fucosyllactose by De Novo GDP-Fucose Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14678-14686. [PMID: 37773050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL), the most typical human milk oligosaccharide, is used as an additive in premium infant formula. Herein, we constructed two highly effective 2'-FL synthesis producers via a de novo GDP-fucose pathway from engineered Escherichia coli MG1655. First, lacZ and wcaJ, two competitive pathway genes, were disrupted to block the invalid consumption of lactose and GDP-fucose, respectively. Next, the lacY gene was strengthened by switching its native promoter to PJ23119. To enhance the supply of endogenous GDP-fucose, the promoters of gene clusters manC-manB and gmd-fcl were strengthened individually or in combination. Subsequently, chromosomal integration of a constitutive PJ23119 promoter-based BKHT expression cassette (PJ23119-BKHT) was performed in the arsB and recA loci. The most productive plasmid-based and plasmid-free strains produced 76.9 and 50.1 g/L 2'-FL by fed-batch cultivation, respectively. Neither of them generated difucosyl lactose nor 3-fucosyllactose as byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roulin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Bloomage Biotechnology Corp., Ltd., Jinan 250010, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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8
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Li C, Li M, Hu M, Zhang T. Metabolic Engineering of De Novo Pathway for the Production of 2'-Fucosyllactose in Escherichia coli. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1485-1497. [PMID: 36652181 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00657-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL), one of the most abundant oligosaccharides in human milk, has gained increased attention owing to its nutraceutical and pharmaceutical potential. However, limited availability and high-cost of preparation have limited its widespread application and in-depth investigation of its potential functions. Here, a modular pathway engineering was implemented to construct an Escherichia coli strain to improve the biosynthesis titer of 2'-FL. Before overexpression of manB, manC, gmd, wcaG, and heterologous expression of futC, genes wcaJ and lacZ encoding UDP-glucose lipid carrier transferase and β-galactosidase, respectively, were inactivated from E. coli BL21 (DE3) with the CRISPR-Cas9 system, which inhibited the production of 2'-FL. The results showed that final shake flask culture yielded a 3.8-fold increase in 2'-FL (0.98 g/L) from the engineered strain ELC07. Fed-batch fermentation conditions were optimized in a 3-L bioreactor. The highest titer of 2'-FL (18.22 g/L) was obtained, corresponding to a yield of 0.25 g/g glycerol and a substrate conversion of 0.88 g/g lactose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miaomiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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9
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Li Z, Zhu Y, Huang Z, Zhang P, Zhang W, Mu W. Engineering Escherichia coli for high-level production of lacto-N-fucopentaose I by stepwise de novo pathway construction. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 315:121028. [PMID: 37230628 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNFP I) is an abundant and important fucosylated human milk oligosaccharide (HMO). Here, an efficient LNFP I-producing strain without by-product 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) was developed by advisable stepwise de novo pathway construction in Escherichia coli. Specifically, the genetically stable lacto-N-triose II (LNTri II)-producing strains were constructed by the multicopy integration of β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. LNTri II can be further converted to lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) by LNT-producing β1,3-galactosyltransferase. The de novo and salvage pathways of GDP-fucose were introduced into highly efficient LNT-producing chassis. Specific α1,2-fucosyltransferase was verified to eliminate by-product 2'-FL, and binding free energy of the complex was analyzed to explain the product distribution. Subsequently, further attempts aiming to improve α1,2-fucosyltransferase activity and the supply of GDP-fucose were carried out. Our engineering strategies enabled the stepwise de novo construction of strains that produced up to 30.47 g/L of extracellular LNFP I, without accumulation of 2'-FL, and with only minor intermediates residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaolin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.
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Wan L, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Mu W. Phase-Separated Synthetic Organelles Based on Intrinsically Disordered Protein Domain for Metabolic Pathway Assembly in Escherichia coli. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37191277 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research efforts have been focused on spatial organization of biocatalytic cascades or catalytic networks in confined cellular environments. Inspired by the natural metabolic systems that spatially regulate pathways via sequestration into subcellular compartments, formation of artificial membraneless organelles through expressing intrinsically disordered proteins in host strains has been proven to be a feasible strategy. Here we report the engineering of a synthetic membraneless organelle platform, which can be used to extend compartmentalization and spatially organize pathway sequential enzymes. We show that heterologous overexpression of the RGG domain derived from the disordered P granule protein LAF-1 in an Escherichia coli strain can form intracellular protein condensates via liquid-liquid phase separation. We further demonstrate that different clients can be recruited to the synthetic compartments via directly fusing with the RGG domain or cooperating with different protein interaction motifs. Using the 2'-fucosyllactose de novo biosynthesis pathway as a model system, we show that clustering sequential enzymes into synthetic compartments can effectively increase the titer and yield of the target product compared to strains with free-floating pathway enzymes. The synthetic membraneless organelle system constructed here gives a promising approach in the development of microbial cell factories, wherein it could be used for the compartmentalization of pathway enzymes to streamline metabolic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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11
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Lee JM, Park BS, Oh MK. Production of 2’-Fucosyllactose using ⍺1,2-fucosyltransferase from a GRAS bacterial strain. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 167:110232. [PMID: 37028251 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is a major oligosaccharide found in human breast milk. It is produced from GDP-L-fucose and D-lactose by ⍺1,2-fucosyltransferase (⍺1,2-fucT), but the enzyme has been identified mostly in pathogens. In this study, an ⍺1,2-fucT was isolated from a Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) Bacillus megaterium strain. The enzyme was successfully expressed in metabolically-engineered Escherichia coli. Furthermore, replacement of non-conserved amino acid residues with conserved ones in the protein led to an increase in the rate of 2'-FL production. As a result, fed-batch fermentation of E. coli produced 30 g/L of 2'-FL from glucose and lactose. Thus, the overproduction of 2'-FL using a novel enzyme from a GRAS bacteria strain was successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Min Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-763, South Korea
| | - Bu-Soo Park
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-763, South Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Oh
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-763, South Korea.
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12
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Meng J, Zhu Y, Chen R, Liu Y, Zhang W, Mu W. Microbial Synthesis of l-Fucose with High Productivity by a Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2464-2471. [PMID: 36700831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
l-Fucose is a natural deoxy hexose found in a variety of organisms. It possesses many physiological effects and has potential applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Microbial synthesis via metabolic engineering attracts increasing attention for efficient production of important chemicals. Previously, we reported the construction of a metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strain with high 2'-fucosyllactose productivity. Herein, we further introduced Bifidobacterium bifidum α-l-fucosidase via both plasmid expression and genomic integration and blocked the l-fucose assimilation pathway by deleting fucI, fucK, and rhaA. The highest l-fucose titers reached 6.31 and 51.05 g/L in shake-flask and fed-batch cultivation, respectively. l-Fucose synthesis was little affected by lactose added, and there was almost no 2'-fucosyllactose residue throughout the cultivation processes. The l-fucose productivity reached 0.76 g/L/h, indicating significant potential for large-scale industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Roulin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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13
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Microbial Production of Human Milk Oligosaccharides. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031491. [PMID: 36771155 PMCID: PMC9921495 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex nonnutritive sugars present in human milk. These sugars possess prebiotic, immunomodulatory, and antagonistic properties towards pathogens and therefore are important for the health and well-being of newborn babies. Lower prevalence of breastfeeding around the globe, rising popularity of nutraceuticals, and low availability of HMOs have inspired efforts to develop economically feasible and efficient industrial-scale production platforms for HMOs. Recent progress in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering tools has enabled microbial systems to be a production system of HMOs. In this regard, the model organism Escherichia coli has emerged as the preferred production platform. Herein, we summarize the remarkable progress in the microbial production of HMOs and discuss the challenges and future opportunities in unraveling the scope of production of complex HMOs. We focus on the microbial production of five HMOs that have been approved for their commercialization.
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14
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Chen R, Wan L, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Zhang W, Mu W. Spatial organization of pathway enzymes via self-assembly to improve 2'-fucosyllactose biosynthesis in engineered Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:524-535. [PMID: 36326175 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most abundant components in human milk oligosaccharides, 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) possesses versatile beneficial health effects. Although most studies focused on overexpressing or fine-tuning the expression of pathway enzymes and achieved a striking increase of 2'-FL production, directly facilitating the metabolic flux toward the key intermediate GDP-l-fucose seems to be ignored. Here, multienzyme complexes consisting of sequential pathway enzymes were constructed by using specific peptide interaction motifs in recombinant Escherichia coli to achieve a higher titer of 2'-FL. Specifically, we first fine-tuned the expression level of pathway enzymes and balanced the metabolic flux toward 2'-FL synthesis. Then, two key enzymes (GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase and GDP- l-fucose synthase) were self-assembled into enzyme complexes in vivo via a short peptide interaction pair RIAD-RIDD (RI anchoring disruptor-RI dimer D/D domains), resulting in noticeable improvement of 2'-FL production. Next, to further strengthen the metabolic flux toward 2'-FL, three pathway enzymes were further aggregated into multienzyme assemblies by using another orthogonal protein interaction motif (Spycatcher-SpyTag or PDZ-PDZlig). Intracellular multienzyme assemblies remarkably enlarged the flux toward 2'-FL biosynthesis and showed a 2.1-fold increase of 2'-FL production compared with a strain expressing free-floating and unassembled enzymes. The optimally engineered strain EZJ23 accumulated 4.8 g/L 2'-FL in shake flask fermentation and was capable of producing 25.1 g/L 2'-FL by fed-batch cultivation. This work provides novel approaches for further improvement and large-scale production of 2'-FL and demonstrates the effectiveness of spatial assembly of pathway enzymes to improve the production of valuable products in the engineered host strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roulin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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15
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Li M, Luo Y, Hu M, Li C, Liu Z, Zhang T. Module-Guided Metabolic Rewiring for Fucosyllactose Biosynthesis in Engineered Escherichia coli with Lactose De Novo Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14761-14770. [PMID: 36375030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fucosyllactose (FL) has garnered considerable attention for its benefits on infant health. In this study, we report an efficient E. coli cell factory to produce 2'/3-fucosyllactose (2'/3-FL) with lactose de novo pathway through metabolic network remodeling, including (1) modification of the PTSGlc system to enhance glucose internalization efficiency; (2) screening for β-1,4-galactosyltransferase (β-1,4-GalT) and introduction of lactose synthesis pathway; (3) eliminating inhibition of byproduct pathways; (4) constructing antibiotic-free and inducer-free FL strains; and (5) up-regulating the expression of genes in the GDP-l-fucose module. The final engineered strains BP10-3 and BP11-3 produced 4.36 g/L for 2'-FL and 3.23 g/L for 3-FL in shake flasks. In 3 L bioreactors, fed-batch cultivations of the two strains produced 40.44 g/L for 2'-FL and 30.42 g/L for 3-FL, yielding 0.63 and 0.69 g/g glucose, respectively. The strategy described in this work will help to engineer E. coli as a safe chassis for other lactose-independent HMOs production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yejiao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Miaomiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Chenchen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Science and Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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16
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Jin H, Qin S, He J, Xiao J, Li Q, Mao Y, Zhao L. Systematic pan-cancer analysis identifies RALA as a tumor targeting immune therapeutic and prognostic marker. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1046044. [PMID: 36466919 PMCID: PMC9713825 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1046044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION RALA is a member of the small GTPase Ras superfamily and has been shown to play a role in promoting cell proliferation and migration in most tumors, and increase the resistance of anticancer drugs such as imatinib and cisplatin. Although many literatures have studied the cancer-promoting mechanism of RALA, there is a lack of relevant pan-cancer analysis. METHODS This study systematically analyzed the differential expression and mutation of RALA in pan-cancer, including different tissues and cancer cell lines, and studied the prognosis and immune infiltration associated with RALA in various cancers. Next, based on the genes co-expressed with RALA in pan-cancer, we selected 241 genes with high correlation for enrichment analysis. In terms of pan-cancer, we also analyzed the protein-protein interaction pathway of RALA and the application of small molecule drug Guanosine-5'-Diphosphate. We screened hepatocellular cancer (HCC) to further study RALA. RESULTS The results indicated that RALA was highly expressed in most cancers. RALA was significantly correlated with the infiltration of B cells and macrophages, as well as the expression of immune checkpoint molecules such as CD274, CTLA4, HAVCR2 and LAG3, suggesting that RALA can be used as a kind of new pan-cancer immune marker. The main functions of 241 genes are mitosis and protein localization to nucleosome, which are related to cell cycle. For HCC, the results displayed that RALA was positively correlated with common intracellular signaling pathways such as angiogenesis and apoptosis. DISCUSSION In summary, RALA was closely related to the clinical prognosis and immune infiltration of various tumors, and RALA was expected to become a broad-spectrum molecular immune therapeutic target and prognostic marker for pan-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoer Jin
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sha Qin
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang He
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juxiong Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qingling Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yitao Mao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Luqing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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17
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Liu Y, Zhu Y, Wang H, Wan L, Zhang W, Mu W. Strategies for Enhancing Microbial Production of 2'-Fucosyllactose, the Most Abundant Human Milk Oligosaccharide. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11481-11499. [PMID: 36094047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), a group of structurally diverse unconjugated glycans in breast milk, act as important prebiotics and have plenty of unique health effects for growing infants. 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is the most abundant HMO, accounting for approximately 30%, among approximately 200 identified HMOs with different structures. 2'-FL can be enzymatically produced by α1,2-fucosyltransferase, using GDP-l-fucose as donor and lactose as acceptor. Metabolic engineering strategies have been widely used for enhancement of GDP-l-fucose supply and microbial production of 2'-FL with high productivity. GDP-l-fucose supply can be enhanced by two main pathways, including de novo and salvage pathways. 2'-FL-producing α1,2-fucosyltransferases have widely been identified from various microorganisms. Metabolic pathways for 2'-FL synthesis can be basically constructed by enhancing GDP-l-fucose supply and introducing α1,2-fucosyltransferase. Various strategies have been attempted to enhance 2'-FL production, such as acceptor enhancement, donor enhancement, and improvement of the functional expression of α1,2-fucosyltransferase. In this review, current progress in GDP-l-fucose synthesis and bacterial α1,2-fucosyltransferases is described in detail, various metabolic engineering strategies for enhancing 2'-FL production are comprehensively reviewed, and future research focuses in biotechnological production of 2'-FL are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Bloomage Biotechnology Corp., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong 250010, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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18
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Liu Y, Zhu Y, Wan L, Chen R, Zhang W, Mu W. High-Level De Novo Biosynthesis of 2'-Fucosyllactose by Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9017-9025. [PMID: 35834320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is the most abundant oligosaccharide in human milk. In this study, a highly efficient biosynthetic route for 2'-FL production was designed via the de novo pathway of GDP-l-fucose using engineered Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Specifically, plasmid-based strains with previously deleted lacZ and wcaJ were further reconstructed by introducing de novo pathway genes and α1,2-fucosyltransferase-encoding wbgL to realize 2'-FL synthesis. The 2'-FL titer was enhanced to 3.92 g/L by further introducing rcsA and rcsB. Subsequently, the additional wbgL expression cassette was chromosomally integrated into recA locus to strengthen fucosylation reaction and a strong constitutive promoter (PJ23119) was used to replace the original promoters of manC-manB and gmd-wcaG to improve 2'-FL synthesis. The maximal 2'-FL titer reached 9.06 and 79.23 g/L in shake-flask and fed-batch cultivation, respectively. The 2'-FL productivity reached 1.45 g/L/h, showing remarkable production potential in large-scale industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Roulin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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19
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Chen G, Wu H, Zhu Y, Wan L, Zhang W, Mu W. Glycosyltransferase from Bacteroides gallinaceum Is a Novel α-1,3-Fucosyltransferase that Can Be Used for 3-Fucosyllactose Production In Vivo by Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1934-1942. [PMID: 34989571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As one of the attractive fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides, the biological production of 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL) has received great attention, as it exhibits many excellent physiological functions for infants. In this work, a novel 3-FL-producing α-1,3-fucosyltransferase (α1,3-FucT) named FutM2 from Bacteroides gallinaceum was first selected from nine potential candidates in the NCBI database. Then, a highly 3-FL-producing engineered Escherichia coli strain was constructed by modular pathway enhancement including the GDL-l-fucose precursor supply by overexpressing manC, manB, gmd, and wcaG (CBGW), and the 3-FL synthesis pathway by introducing B. gallinaceum FutM2. Finally, a titer of 20.3 g L-1 and productivity of 0.40 g L-1 h-1 of 3-FL were achieved in the 3-L bioreactor by engineered E. coli (ΔlacZΔwcaJ) harboring pCDF-CBGW and pET-futM2. Our study provided a novel α1,3-FucT from B. gallinaceum that could be used for 3-FL production, presenting an efficient microbial cell factory platform to de novo synthesize 3-FL from glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Li Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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20
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Li M, Li C, Hu M, Zhang T. Metabolic engineering strategies of de novo pathway for enhancing 2'-fucosyllactose synthesis in Escherichia coli. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 15:1561-1573. [PMID: 34843640 PMCID: PMC9049618 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
2′‐Fucosyllactose (2′‐FL), one of the most abundant human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), is used as a promising infant formula ingredient owing to its multiple health benefits for newborns. However, limited availability and high‐cost preparation have restricted its extensive use and intensive research on its potential functions. In this work, a powerful Escherichia coli cell factory was developed to ulteriorly increase 2′‐FL production. Initially, a modular pathway engineering was strengthened to balance the synthesis pathway through different plasmid combinations with a resulting maximum 2′‐FL titre of 1.45 g l−1. To further facilitate the metabolic flux from GDP‐l‐fucose towards 2′‐FL, the CRISPR‐Cas9 system was utilized to inactivate the genes including lacZ and wcaJ, increasing the titre by 6.59‐fold. Notably, the co‐introduction of NADPH and GTP regeneration pathways was confirmed to be more conducive to 2′‐FL formation, achieving a 2′‐FL titre of 2.24 g l−1. Moreover, comparisons of various exogenous α1,2‐fucosyltransferase candidates revealed that futC from Helicobacter pylori generated the highest titre of 2′‐FL. Finally, the viability of scaled‐up production of 2′‐FL was evidenced in a 3 l bioreactor with a maximum titre of 22.3 g l−1 2′‐FL and a yield of 0.53 mole 2′‐FL mole−1 lactose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Chenchen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Miaomiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Science and Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
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Wan L, Zhu Y, Chen G, Luo G, Zhang W, Mu W. Efficient Production of 2'-Fucosyllactose from l-Fucose via Self-Assembling Multienzyme Complexes in Engineered Escherichia coli. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:2488-2498. [PMID: 34415729 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) has been widely used as a nutritional additive in infant formula due to its multifarious nutraceutical and pharmaceutical functions in neonate health. As such, it is essential to develop an efficient and extensive microbial fermentation platform to cater to the needs of the 2'-FL market. In this study, a spatial synthetic biology strategy was employed to promote 2'-FL biosynthesis in recombinant Escherichia coli. First, the salvage pathway for 2'-FL production from l-fucose and lactose was constructed by introducing a bifunctional enzyme l-fucokinase/GDP-l-fucose pyrophosphorylase (Fkp) derived from Bacteroides fragilis and an α-1,2-fucosyltransferase (FutC) derived from Helicobacter pylori into engineered E. coli BL21(DE3). Next, the endogenous genes involved in the degradation and shunting of the substrate and key intermediate were inactivated to improve the availability of precursors for 2'-FL biosynthesis. Moreover, to further improve the yield and titer of 2'-FL, a short peptide pair (RIAD-RIDD) was used to form self-assembling multienzyme complexes in vivo. The spatial localization of peptides and stoichiometry of enzyme assemblies were subsequently optimized to further improve 2'-FL production. Finally, cofactor regeneration was also considered to alleviate the potential cofactor deficiency and redox flux imbalance in the biocatalysis process. Fed-batch fermentation of the final WLS20 strain accumulated 30.5 g/L extracellular 2'-FL with the yield and productivity of 0.661 mol/mol fucose and 0.48 g/L/h, respectively. This research has demonstrated that the application of spatial synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies can dramatically enlarge the titer and yield of 2'-FL biosynthesis in engineered E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Geng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Guocong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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22
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Hu D, Wu H, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Mu W. Engineering Escherichia coli for highly efficient production of lacto-N-triose II from N-acetylglucosamine, the monomer of chitin. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:198. [PMID: 34625117 PMCID: PMC8501739 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lacto-N-triose II (LNT II), an important backbone for the synthesis of different human milk oligosaccharides, such as lacto-N-neotetraose and lacto-N-tetraose, has recently received significant attention. The production of LNT II from renewable carbon sources has attracted worldwide attention from the perspective of sustainable development and green environmental protection. RESULTS In this study, we first constructed an engineered E. coli cell factory for producing LNT II from N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) feedstock, a monomer of chitin, by introducing heterologous β-1,3-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, resulting in a LNT II titer of 0.12 g L-1. Then, lacZ (lactose hydrolysis) and nanE (GlcNAc-6-P epimerization to ManNAc-6-P) were inactivated to further strengthen the synthesis of LNT II, and the titer of LNT II was increased to 0.41 g L-1. To increase the supply of UDP-GlcNAc, a precursor of LNT II, related pathway enzymes including GlcNAc-6-P deacetylase, glucosamine synthase, and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase, were overexpressed in combination, optimized, and modulated. Finally, a maximum titer of 15.8 g L-1 of LNT II was obtained in a 3-L bioreactor with optimal enzyme expression levels and β-lactose and GlcNAc feeding strategy. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic engineering of E. coli is an effective strategy for LNT II production from GlcNAc feedstock. The titer of LNT II could be significantly increased by modulating the gene expression strength and blocking the bypass pathway, providing a new utilization for GlcNAc to produce high value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoduo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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23
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Zhu Y, Luo G, Wan L, Meng J, Lee SY, Mu W. Physiological effects, biosynthesis, and derivatization of key human milk tetrasaccharides, lacto- N-tetraose, and lacto- N-neotetraose. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:578-596. [PMID: 34346270 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1944973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have recently attracted ever-increasing interest because of their versatile physiological functions. In HMOs, two tetrasaccharides, lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), constitute the essential components, each accounting 6% (w/w) of total HMOs. Also, they serve as core structures for fucosylation and sialylation, generating functional derivatives and elongation generating longer chains of core structures. LNT, LNnT, and their fucosylated and/or sialylated derivatives account for more than 30% (w/w) of total HMOs. For derivatization, LNT and LNnT can be modified into a series of complex fucosylated and/or sialylated HMOs by transferring fucose residues at α1,2-, α1,3-, and α1,3/4-linkage and/or sialic acid residues at α2,3- and α2,6-linkage. Such structural diversity allows these HMOs to possess great commercial value and an application potential in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this review, we first elaborate the physiological functions of these tetrasaccharides and derivatives. Next, we extensively review recent developments in the biosynthesis of LNT, LNnT, and their derivatives in vitro and in vivo by employing advanced enzymatic reaction systems and metabolic engineering strategies. Finally, future perspectives in the synthesis of these HMOs using enzymatic and metabolic engineering approaches are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guocong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiawei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,BioProcess Engineering Research Center and BioInformatics Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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24
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Li W, Zhu Y, Wan L, Guang C, Mu W. Pathway Optimization of 2'-Fucosyllactose Production in Engineered Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1567-1577. [PMID: 33499605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL), one of the most valuable oligosaccharides in human milk, is used as an emerging food ingredient in the nutraceutical and food industries due to its numerous health benefits. Herein, the de novo and salvage pathways for GDP-fucose synthesis were engineered and optimized in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) to improve the production of 2'-FL. The de novo pathway genes encoding phosphomannomutase (ManB), mannose-1-phosphate guanyltransferase (ManC), GDP-d-mannose-4,6-dehydratase (Gmd), and GDP-l-fucose synthase (WcaG) combined with the gene from the salvage pathway encoding fucose kinase/fucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (Fkp) were reconstructed in two vectors to evaluate the GDP-fucose biosynthesis. Then, the fucT2 gene, encoding α1,2-fucosyltransferase, was introduced into the GDP-fucose-overproducing strains to realize 2'-FL biosynthesis. Furthermore, the genes in bypass pathways, including lacZ, fucI, fucK, and wcaJ, were inactivated to improve 2'-FL production. In addition, the two GDP-fucose synthesis pathways, along with fucT2, were transcriptionally fine-tuned to efficiently increase 2'-FL production. The final metabolically engineered E. coli produced 2.62 and 14.1 g/L in shake-flask and fed-batch cultivations, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Li Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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25
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Gu N, Qiu C, Zhao L, Zhang L, Pei J. Enhancing UDP-Rhamnose Supply for Rhamnosylation of Flavonoids in Escherichia coli by Regulating the Modular Pathway and Improving NADPH Availability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9513-9523. [PMID: 32693583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
UDP-rhamnose is the main type of sugar donor and endows flavonoids with special activity, selectivity, and pharmacological properties by glycosylation. In this study, several UDP-glucose synthesis pathways and UDP-rhamnose synthases were screened to develop an efficient UDP-rhamnose biosynthesis pathway in Escherichia coli. Maximal UDP-rhamnose production reached 82.2 mg/L in the recombinant strain by introducing the cellobiose phosphorolysis pathway and Arabidopsis thaliana UDP-rhamnose synthase (AtRHM). Quercitrin production of 3522 mg/L was achieved in the recombinant strain by coupling the UDP-rhamnose generation system with A. thaliana rhamnosyltransferase (AtUGT78D1) to recycle UDP-rhamnose. To further increase UDP-rhamnose supply, an NADPH-independent fusion enzyme was constructed, the UTP supply was improved, and NADPH regenerators were overexpressed in vivo. Finally, by optimizing the bioconversion conditions, the highest quercitrin production reached 7627 mg/L with the average productivity of 141 mg/(L h), which is the highest yield of quercitrin and efficiency of UDP-rhamnose supply reported to date in E. coli. Therefore, the method described herein for the regeneration of UDP-rhamnose from cellobiose may be widely used for the rhamnosylation of flavonoids and other bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Gu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Cong Qiu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Linguo Zhao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lihu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224006, China
| | - Jianjun Pei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, China
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