1
|
Zhou C, Yang N, Tian C, Wen S, Zhang C, Zheng A, Hu X, Fang J, Zhang Z, Lai Z, Lin Y, Guo Y. The miR166 targets CsHDZ3 genes to negatively regulate drought tolerance in tea plant (Camellia sinensis). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130735. [PMID: 38471611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Drought is the stressor with a significant adverse impact on the yield stability of tea plants. HD-ZIP III transcription factors (TFs) play important regulatory roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, whether and how HD-ZIP III TFs are involved in drought response and tolerance in tea plants remains unclear. Here, we identified seven HD-ZIP III genes (CsHDZ3-1 to CsHDZ3-7) in tea plant genome. The evolutionary analysis demonstrated that CsHDZ3 members were subjected to purify selection. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that all seven CsHDZ3s located in the nucleus. Yeast self-activation and dual-luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that CsHDZ3-1 to CsHDZ3-4 have trans-activation ability whereas CsHDZ3-5 to CsHDZ3-7 served as transcriptional inhibitors. The qRT-PCR assay showed that all seven CsHDZ3 genes could respond to simulated natural drought stress and polyethylene glycol treatment. Further assays verified that all CsHDZ3 genes can be cleaved by csn-miR166. Overexpression of csn-miR166 inhibited the expression of seven CsHDZ3 genes and weakened drought tolerance of tea leaves. In contrast, suppression of csn-miR166 promoted the expression of seven CsHDZ3 genes and enhanced drought tolerance of tea leaves. These findings established the foundation for further understanding the mechanism of CsHDZ3-miR166 modules' participation in drought responses and tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhe Zhou
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Niannian Yang
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Caiyun Tian
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shengjing Wen
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Anru Zheng
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiaxin Fang
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhendong Zhang
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuling Lin
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuqiong Guo
- Anxi College of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Tea Industry Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mi X, Tang M, Zhu J, Shu M, Wen H, Zhu J, Wei C. Alternative splicing of CsWRKY21 positively regulates cold response in tea plant. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108473. [PMID: 38430784 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) was an important post-transcriptional mechanism that involved in plant resistance to adversity stress. WRKY transcription factors function as transcriptional activators or repressors to modulate plant growth, development and stress response. However, the role of alternate splicing of WRKY in cold tolerance is poorly understood in tea plants. In this study, we found that the CsWRKY21 transcription factor, a member of the WRKY IId subfamily, was induced by low temperature. Subcellular localization and transcriptional activity assays showed that CsWRKY21 localized to the nucleus and had no transcriptional activation activity. Y1H and dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that CsWRKY21 suppressed expression of CsABA8H and CsUGT by binding with their promoters. Transient overexpression of CsABA8H and CsUGT reduced abscisic acid (ABA) content in tobacco leaves. Furthermore, we discovered that CsWRKY21 undergoes AS in the 5'UTR region. The AS transcript CsWRKY21-b was induced at low temperature, up to 6 folds compared to the control, while the full-length CsWRKY21-a transcript did not significantly change. Western blot analysis showed that the retention of introns in the 5'UTR region of CsWRKY21-b led to higher CsWRKY21 protein content. These results revealed that alternative splicing of CsWRKY21 involved in cold tolerance of tea plant by regulating the protein expression level and then regulating the content of ABA, and provide insights into molecular mechanisms of low temperature defense mediated by AS in tea plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozeng Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People's Republic of China; Guizhou Tea Research Institute, 1 Jin'nong Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550006, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengsha Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People's Republic of China; Guizhou Tea Research Institute, 1 Jin'nong Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingtao Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wen S, Zhou C, Tian C, Yang N, Zhang C, Zheng A, Chen Y, Lai Z, Guo Y. Identification and Validation of the miR156 Family Involved in Drought Responses and Tolerance in Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:201. [PMID: 38256754 PMCID: PMC10819883 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The microRNA156 (miR156) family, one of the first miRNA families discovered in plants, plays various important roles in plant growth and resistance to various abiotic stresses. Previously, miR156s were shown to respond to drought stress, but miR156s in tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) have not been comprehensively identified and analyzed. Herein, we identify 47 mature sequences and 28 precursor sequences in tea plants. Our evolutionary analysis and multiple sequence alignment revealed that csn-miR156s were highly conserved during evolution and that the rates of the csn-miR156 members' evolution were different. The precursor sequences formed typical and stable stem-loop structures. The prediction of cis-acting elements in the CsMIR156s promoter region showed that the CsMIR156s had diverse cis-acting elements; of these, 12 CsMIR156s were found to be drought-responsive elements. The results of reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) testing showed that csn-miR156 family members respond to drought and demonstrate different expression patterns under the conditions of drought stress. This suggests that csn-miR156 family members may be significantly involved in the response of tea plants to drought stress. Csn-miR156f-2-5p knockdown significantly reduced the Fv/Fm value and chlorophyll content and led to the accumulation of more-reactive oxygen species and proline compared with the control. The results of target gene prediction showed that csn-miR156f-2-5p targeted SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like (SPL) genes. Further analyses showed that CsSPL14 was targeted by csn-miR156f-2-5p, as confirmed through RT-qPCR, 5' RLM-RACE, and antisense oligonucleotide validation. Our results demonstrate that csn-miR156f-2-5p and CsSPL14 are involved in drought response and represent a new strategy for increasing drought tolerance via the breeding of tea plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengjing Wen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.W.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Chengzhe Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.W.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Caiyun Tian
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.W.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Niannian Yang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.W.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.W.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Anru Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.W.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yixing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.W.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.W.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuqiong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.W.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
- Anxi College of Tea Science (College of Digital Economy), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Quanzhou 362400, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mi X, Yang C, Qiao D, Tang M, Guo Y, Liang S, Li Y, Chen Z, Chen J. De novo full length transcriptome analysis of a naturally caffeine-free tea plant reveals specificity in secondary metabolic regulation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6015. [PMID: 37045909 PMCID: PMC10097665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea plants are crops with economic, health and cultural value. Catechin, caffeine and theanine are the main secondary metabolites of taste. In the process of germplasm collection, we found a resource in the Sandu Aquatic Autonomous County of Guizhou (SDT) that possessed significantly different characteristic metabolites compared with the cultivar 'Qiancha 1'. SDT is rich in theobromine and theophylline, possesses low levels of (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and theanine content, and is almost free of caffeine. However, research on this tea resource is limited. Full-length transcriptome analysis was performed to investigate the transcriptome and gene expression of these metabolites. In total, 78,809 unique transcripts were obtained, of which 65,263 were complete coding sequences. RNA-seq revealed 3415 differentially expressed transcripts in the tender leaves of 'Qiancha 1' and 'SDT'. Furthermore, 2665, 6231, and 2687 differentially expressed transcripts were found in different SDT tissues. These differentially expressed transcripts were enriched in flavonoid and amino acid metabolism processes. Co-expression network analysis identified five modules associated with metabolites and found that genes of caffeine synthase (TCS) may be responsible for the low caffeine content in SDT. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and arginine decarboxylase (ADC) play important roles in the synthesis of catechin and theanine. In addition, we identified that ethylene resposive factor (ERF) and WRKY transcription factors may be involved in theanine biosynthesis. Overall, our study provides candidate genes to improve understanding of the synthesis mechanisms of these metabolites and provides a basis for molecular breeding of tea plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozeng Mi
- Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Jin'nong Road, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Jin'nong Road, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China
| | - Dahe Qiao
- Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Jin'nong Road, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China
| | - Mengsha Tang
- Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Jin'nong Road, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Jin'nong Road, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China
| | - Sihui Liang
- Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Jin'nong Road, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Jin'nong Road, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhengwu Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Jin'nong Road, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Jin'nong Road, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu Q, Liu L, Lu X, Du X, Xiang P, Cheng B, Tan M, Huang J, Wu L, Kong W, Shi Y, Wu L, Lin J. The biosynthesis of EGCG, theanine and caffeine in response to temperature is mediated by hormone signal transduction factors in tea plant ( Camellia sinensis L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1149182. [PMID: 37035086 PMCID: PMC10076774 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1149182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
As the main flavor components of tea, the contents of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), theanine and caffeine are regulated by ambient temperature. However, whether the biosynthesis of EGCG, theanine and caffeine in response to temperature is regulated by endogenous hormones and its mechanism is still unclear. In this study, tea cuttings cultivated in the phytotron which treated at different temperatures 15℃, 20℃, 25℃ and 30℃, respectively. The UPLC and ESI-HPLC-MS/MS were used to determine the contents of EGCG, theanine, caffeine and the contents of phytohormones in one leaf and a bud. The results showed that indoleacetic acid (IAA), gibberellin 1(GA1) and gibberellin 3 (GA3) were significantly correlated with the content of EGCG; Jasmonic acid (JA), jasmonate-isoleucine (JA-Ile) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) were strongly correlated with theanine content; IAA, GA1 and gibberellin 4 (GA4) were significantly correlated with caffeine content at different temperatures. In order to explore the internal intricate relationships between the biosynthesis of these three main taste components, endogenous hormones, and structural genes in tea plants, we used multi-omics and multidimensional correlation analysis to speculate the regulatory mechanisms: IAA, GA1 and GA3 up-regulated the expressions of chalcone synthase (CsCHS) and trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase (CsC4H) mediated by the signal transduction factors auxin-responsive protein IAA (CsIAA) and DELLA protein (CsDELLA), respectively, which promoted the biosynthesis of EGCG; IAA, GA3 and GA1 up-regulated the expression of CsCHS and anthocyanidin synthase (CsANS) mediated by CsIAA and CsDELLA, respectively, via the transcription factor WRKY DNA-binding protein (CsWRKY), and promoted the biosynthesis of EGCG; JA, JA-Ile and MeJA jointly up-regulated the expression of carbonic anhydrase (CsCA) and down-regulated the expression of glutamate decarboxylase (CsgadB) mediated by the signal transduction factors jasmonate ZIM domain-containing protein (CsJAZ), and promoted the biosynthesis of theanine; JA, JA-Ile and MeJA also jointly inhibited the expression of CsgadB mediated by CsJAZ via the transcription factor CsWRKY and AP2 family protein (CsAP2), which promoted the biosynthesis of theanine; IAA inhibited the expression of adenylosuccinate synthase (CspurA) mediated by CsIAA via the transcription factor CsWRKY; GA1 and gibberellin 4 (GA4) inhibited the expression of CspurA mediated by CsDELLA through the transcription factor CsWRKY, which promoted the biosynthesis of caffeine. In conclusion, we revealed the underlying mechanism of the biosynthesis of the main taste components in tea plant in response to temperature was mediated by hormone signal transduction factors, which provided novel insights into improving the quality of tea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiufang Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lijia Liu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Du
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, China
| | - Bosi Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meng Tan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Huang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lijiao Wu
- Institute of Photobiological Industry, Fujian Sanan Sino-Science Photobiotech Co., Ltd, Xiamen, China
| | - Weilong Kong
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yutao Shi
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Tea and Food Sciences, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
| | - Liangyu Wu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinke Lin
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu J, Zhang H, Huang K, Guo R, Zhao J, Xie H, Zhu J, Gu H, Chen H, Li G, Wei C, Liu S. Comprehensive analysis of the laccase gene family in tea plant highlights its roles in development and stress responses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:129. [PMID: 36882726 PMCID: PMC9990228 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04134-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laccase (LAC) is the pivotal enzyme responsible for the polymerization of monolignols and stress responses in plants. However, the roles of LAC genes in plant development and tolerance to diverse stresses are still largely unknown, especially in tea plant (Camellia sinensis), one of the most economically important crops worldwide. RESULTS In total, 51 CsLAC genes were identified, they were unevenly distributed on different chromosomes and classified into six groups based on phylogenetic analysis. The CsLAC gene family had diverse intron-exon patterns and a highly conserved motif distribution. Cis-acting elements in the promoter demonstrated that promoter regions of CsLACs encode various elements associated with light, phytohormones, development and stresses. Collinearity analysis identified some orthologous gene pairs in C. sinensis and many paralogous gene pairs among C. sinensis, Arabidopsis and Populus. Tissue-specific expression profiles revealed that the majority of CsLACs had high expression in roots and stems and some members had specific expression patterns in other tissues, and the expression patterns of six genes by qRT‒PCR were highly consistent with the transcriptome data. Most CsLACs showed significant variation in their expression level under abiotic (cold and drought) and biotic (insect and fungus) stresses via transcriptome data. Among them, CsLAC3 was localized in the plasma membrane and its expression level increased significantly at 13 d under gray blight treatment. We found that 12 CsLACs were predicted to be targets of cs-miR397a, and most CsLACs showed opposite expression patterns compared to cs-miR397a under gray blight infection. Additionally, 18 highly polymorphic SSR markers were developed, these markers can be widely used for diverse genetic studies of tea plants. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the classification, evolution, structure, tissue-specific profiles, and (a)biotic stress responses of CsLAC genes. It also provides valuable genetic resources for functional characterization towards enhancing tea plant tolerance to multiple (a)biotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Hongxiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Kelin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Lu'an Institute of Product Quality Supervision and Inspection, Lu'an City, China
| | - Jingjuan Zhao
- Lu'an Institute of Product Quality Supervision and Inspection, Lu'an City, China
| | - Hui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Junyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Honglian Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Hongrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Chaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shengrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Q, Wu Y, Peng A, Cui J, Zhao M, Pan Y, Zhang M, Tian K, Schwab W, Song C. Single-cell transcriptome atlas reveals developmental trajectories and a novel metabolic pathway of catechin esters in tea leaves. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:2089-2106. [PMID: 35810348 PMCID: PMC9616531 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The tea plant is an economically important woody beverage crop. The unique taste of tea is evoked by certain metabolites, especially catechin esters, whereas their precise formation mechanism in different cell types remains unclear. Here, a fast protoplast isolation method was established and the transcriptional profiles of 16 977 single cells from 1st and 3rd leaves were investigated. We first identified 79 marker genes based on six isolated tissues and constructed a transcriptome atlas, mapped developmental trajectories and further delineated the distribution of different cell types during leaf differentiation and genes associated with cell fate transformation. Interestingly, eight differently expressed genes were found to co-exist at four branch points. Genes involved in the biosynthesis of certain metabolites showed cell- and development-specific characteristics. An unexpected catechin ester glycosyltransferase was characterized for the first time in plants by a gene co-expression network in mesophyll cells. Thus, the first single-cell transcriptional landscape in woody crop leave was reported and a novel metabolism pathway of catechin esters in plants was discovered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationInternational Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health EffectsAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefei, AnhuiChina
| | - Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationInternational Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health EffectsAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefei, AnhuiChina
| | - Anqi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationInternational Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health EffectsAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefei, AnhuiChina
| | - Jilai Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationInternational Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health EffectsAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefei, AnhuiChina
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology of Henan ProvinceCollege of Life ScienceXinyang Normal UniversityXinyang, HenanChina
| | - Mingyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationInternational Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health EffectsAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefei, AnhuiChina
| | - Yuting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationInternational Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health EffectsAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefei, AnhuiChina
| | - Mengting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationInternational Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health EffectsAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefei, AnhuiChina
| | - Kai Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid‐Line Project of South‐To‐North Diversion Project of Henan ProvinceSchool of Life Sciences and Agricultural EngineeringNanyang Normal UniversityNanyangChina
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationInternational Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health EffectsAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefei, AnhuiChina
- Biotechnology of Natural ProductsTechnische Universität MünchenFreisingGermany
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationInternational Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health EffectsAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefei, AnhuiChina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hong Y, Zhang Y, Cui J, Meng J, Chen Y, Zhang C, Yang J, Luan Y. The lncRNA39896-miR166b-HDZs module affects tomato resistance to Phytophthora infestans. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1979-1993. [PMID: 35929655 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The yield and quality of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) is seriously affected by Phytophthora infestans. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Sl-lncRNA39896 is induced after P. infestans infection and was previously predicted to act as an endogenous target mimic (eTM) for the microRNA Sl-miR166b, which function in stress responses. Here, we further examined the role of Sl-lncRNA39896 and Sl-miR166b in tomato resistance to P. infestans. Sl-miR166b levels were higher in Sl-lncRNA39896-knockout mutants than in wild-type plants, and the mutants displayed enhanced resistance to P. infestans. A six-point mutation in the region of Sl-lncRNA39896 that binds to Sl-miR166b disabled the interaction, suggesting that Sl-lncRNA39896 acts as an eTM for Sl-miR166b. Overexpressing Sl-miR166b yielded a similar phenotype to that produced by Sl-lncRNA39896-knockout, whereas silencing of Sl-miR166b impaired resistance. We verified that Sl-miR166b cleaved transcripts of its target class III homeodomain-leucine zipper genes SlHDZ34 and SlHDZ45. Silencing of SlHDZ34/45 decreased pathogen accumulation in plants infected with P. infestans. Additionally, jasmonic acid and ethylene contents were elevated following infection in the plants with enhanced resistance. Sl-lncRNA39896 is the first known lncRNA to negatively regulate resistance to P. infestans in tomato. We propose a novel mechanism in which the lncRNA39896-miR166b-HDZ module modulates resistance to P. infestans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Hong
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Jun Cui
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jun Meng
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yinhua Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Chengwei Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Jinxiao Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Yushi Luan
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiang J, Zhu H, Li N, Batley J, Wang Y. The miR393-Target Module Regulates Plant Development and Responses to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169477. [PMID: 36012740 PMCID: PMC9409142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of endogenous small RNAs, are broadly involved in plant development, morphogenesis and responses to various environmental stresses, through manipulating the cleavage, translational expression, or DNA methylation of target mRNAs. miR393 is a conserved miRNA family present in many plants, which mainly targets genes encoding the transport inhibitor response1 (TIR1)/auxin signaling F-box (AFB) auxin receptors, and thus greatly affects the auxin signal perception, Aux/IAA degradation, and related gene expression. This review introduces the advances made on the miR393/target module regulating plant development and the plant’s responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. This module is valuable for genetic manipulation of optimized conditions for crop growth and development and would also be helpful in improving crop yield through molecular breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Haotian Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Na Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (Y.W.)
| | - Youping Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (Y.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ahammed GJ, Li X. Hormonal regulation of health-promoting compounds in tea (Camellia sinensis L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 185:390-400. [PMID: 35785551 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tea is the most frequently consumed natural beverage across the world produced with the young leaves and shoots of the evergreen perennial plant Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze. The expanding global appeal of tea is partly attributed to its health-promoting benefits such as anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-allergy, anti-hypertension, anti-obesity, and anti- SARS-CoV-2 activity. The many advantages of healthy tea intake are linked to its bioactive substances such as tea polyphenols, flavonoids (catechins), amino acids (theanine), alkaloids (caffeine), anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, etc. that are produced through secondary metabolic pathways. Phytohormones regulate secondary metabolite biosynthesis in a variety of plants, including tea. There is a strong hormonal response in the biosynthesis of polyphenols, catechins, theanine and caffeine in tea under control and perturbed environmental conditions. In addition to the impact of preharvest plant hormone manipulation on green tea quality, changes in hormones of postharvest tea also regulate quality-related metabolites in tea. In this review, we discuss the health benefits of major tea constituents and the role of various plant hormones in improving the endogenous levels of these compounds for human health benefits. The fact that the ratio of tea polyphenols to amino acids and the concentrations of tea components are changed by environmental conditions, most notably by climate change-associated variables, the selection and usage of optimal hormone combinations may aid in sustaining tea quality, and thus can be beneficial to both consumers and producers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China.
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Qiao D, Tang M, Jin L, Mi X, Chen H, Zhu J, Liu S, Wei C. A monoterpene synthase gene cluster of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) potentially involved in constitutive and herbivore-induced terpene formation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 184:1-13. [PMID: 35613521 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are the most abundant volatiles in tea plants and have dual functions in aroma quality formation and defense responses in tea plants. Terpene synthases (TPS) are the key enzymes for the synthesis of terpenes in plants; however, the functions of most of them in tea plants are still unknown. In this study, six putative terpene biosynthesis gene clusters were identified from the tea plant genome. Then we cloned three new TPS-b subfamily genes, CsTPS08, CsTPS10 and CsTPS58. In vitro enzyme assays showed that CsTPS08 and CsTPS58 are two multiple-product terpene synthases, with the former synthesizing linalool as the main product, and β-myrcene, α-phellandrene, α-terpinolene, D-limonene, cis-β-ocimene, trans-β-ocimene and (4E,6Z)-allo-ocimene as minor products are also detected, while the latter catalyzing the formation of α-pinene and D-limonene using GPP as the substrate. No product of CsTPS10 was detected in the prokaryotic expression system, but geraniol production was detected when transiently expressed in tobacco leaves. CsTPS08 and CsTPS10 are two functional members of a monoterpene synthase gene cluster, which were significantly induced during both Ectropis oblique feeding and fresh leaf spreading treatments, suggesting that they have dual functions involved in tea plant pest defense and tea aroma quality regulation. In addition, the differences in their expression levels in different tea plant cultivars provide a possibility for the subsequent screening of tea plant resources with a specific aroma flavor. Our results deepen the understanding of terpenoid synthesis in tea plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dahe Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization / Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/ Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Jin'nong Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550006, China
| | - Mengsha Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization / Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/ Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Ling Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization / Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/ Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Xiaozeng Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization / Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/ Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Hongrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization / Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/ Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Junyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization / Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/ Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Shengrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization / Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/ Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Chaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization / Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/ Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhao S, Cheng H, Xu P, Wang Y. Regulation of biosynthesis of the main flavor-contributing metabolites in tea plant ( Camellia sinensis): A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10520-10535. [PMID: 35608014 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2078787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In the process of adapting to the environment, tea plants (Camellia sinensis) endow tea with unique flavor and health functions, which should be attributed to secondary metabolites, including catechins, L-theanine, caffeine and terpene volatiles. Since the content of these flavor-contributing metabolites are mainly determined by the growth of tea plant, it is very important to understand their alteration and regulation mechanisms. In the present work, we first summarize the distribution, change characteristics of the main flavor-contributing metabolites in different cultivars, organs and under environmental stresses of tea plant. Subsequently, we discuss the regulating mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of these metabolites based on the existing evidence. Finally, we propose the remarks and perspectives on the future study relating flavor-contributing metabolites. This review would contribute to the acceleration of research on the characteristic secondary metabolites and the breeding programs in tea plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhao
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Cheng
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lin S, Chen Z, Chen T, Deng W, Wan X, Zhang Z. Theanine metabolism and transport in tea plants ( Camellia sinensis L.): advances and perspectives. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022; 43:327-341. [PMID: 35430936 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2036692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Theanine, a tea plant-specific non-proteinogenic amino acid, is the most abundant free amino acid in tea leaves. It is also one of the most important quality components of tea because it endows the "umami" taste, relaxation-promoting, and many other health benefits of tea infusion. Its content in tea leaves is directly correlated with the quality and price of green tea. Theanine biosynthesis primarily occurs in roots and is transported to new shoots in tea plants. Recently, great advances have been made in theanine metabolism and transport in tea plants. Along with the deciphering of the genomic sequences of tea plants, new genes in theanine metabolic pathway were discovered and functionally characterized. Theanine transporters were identified and were characterized on the affinity for: theanine, substrate specificity, spatiotemporal expression, and the role in theanine root-to-shoot transport. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of theanine accumulation by: cultivars, seasons, nutrients, and environmental factors are also being rapidly uncovered. Transcription factors were identified to be critical regulators of theanine biosynthesis. In this review, we summarize the progresses in theanine: biosynthesis, catabolism, and transport processes. We also discuss the future studies on theanine in tea plants, and application of the knowledge to crops to synthesize theanine to improve the health-promoting quality of non-tea crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Ziping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Tingting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Weiwei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Zhaoliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhu J, Yan X, Liu S, Xia X, An Y, Xu Q, Zhao S, Liu L, Guo R, Zhang Z, Xie DY, Wei C. Alternative splicing of CsJAZ1 negatively regulates flavan-3-ol biosynthesis in tea plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:243-261. [PMID: 35043493 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flavan-3-ols are abundant in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) and confer tea with flavor and health benefits. We recently found that alternative splicing of genes is likely involved in the regulation of flavan-3-ol biosynthesis; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics to construct metabolite-gene networks in tea leaves, collected over five different months and from five spatial positions, and found positive correlations between endogenous jasmonic acid (JA), flavan-3-ols, and numerous transcripts. Transcriptome mining further identified CsJAZ1, which is negatively associated with flavan-3-ols formation and has three CsJAZ1 transcripts, one full-length (CsJAZ1-1), and two splice variants (CsJAZ1-2 and -3) that lacked 3' coding sequences, with CsJAZ1-3 also lacking the coding region for the Jas domain. Confocal microscopy showed that CsJAZ1-1 was localized to the nucleus, while CsJAZ1-2 and CsJAZ1-3 were present in both the nucleus and the cytosol. In the absence of JA, CsJAZ1-1 was bound to CsMYC2, a positive regulator of flavan-3-ol biosynthesis; CsJAZ1-2 functioned as an alternative enhancer of CsJAZ1-1 and an antagonist of CsJAZ1-1 in binding to CsMYC2; and CsJAZ1-3 did not interact with CsMYC2. In the presence of JA, CsJAZ1-3 interacted with CsJAZ1-1 and CsJAZ1-2 to form heterodimers that stabilized the CsJAZ1-1-CsMYC2 and CsJAZ1-2-CsMYC2 complexes, thereby repressing the transcription of four genes that act late in the flavan-3-ol biosynthetic pathway. These data indicate that the alternative splicing variants of CsJAZ1 coordinately regulate flavan-3-ol biosynthesis in the tea plant and improve our understanding of JA-mediated flavan-3-ol biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlin An
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingshan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Yu Xie
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Chaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li W, Xiang F, Su Y, Luo Z, Luo W, Zhou L, Liu H, Xiao L. Gibberellin Increases the Bud Yield and Theanine Accumulation in Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113290. [PMID: 34072521 PMCID: PMC8198828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most important cash crops in the world. Theanine, as an important amino acid component in tea, is a key quality index for excellent tea quality and high economic value. People increase theanine accumulation in tea mainly through the application of nitrogen fertilizer, shading and pruning. However, these methods are not effective. In this study, we treated tea buds with a 100 μM solution of GA3 containing 1‰ tween-20, investigated the effects of GA3 on theanine accumulation, bud yield, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and expression level of theanine biosynthesis pathway genes in tea plant by qPCR, LC-MS/MS etc. Results showed that change trends of theanine and GA3 was extremely positively correlated with each other. Exogenous GA3 upregulated the expression level of theanine biosynthesis pathway genes, caused an increase of theanine content (mg·g-1) by 27% in tea leaves compared with Mock, and accelerated the germination of buds and elongation of shoots, which lead to a significant increase of tea yield by 56% (w/w). Moreover, the decrease of chlorophyll contents, photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) and relative electron transport rate (rETR) under GA3 treatment suggested that GA3 reduced photosynthesis in the tender tea leaves, indicating that the decline of carbon assimilation in tea plants was conducive to the nitrogen metabolism, and it was beneficial to the accumulation of theanine. This study provided a new technical and theoretical support for the precise control of tea quality components and phenophase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (Z.L.); (W.L.)
- Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410125, China; (F.X.); (L.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Fen Xiang
- Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410125, China; (F.X.); (L.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Yi Su
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (Z.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Zhoufei Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (Z.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Weigui Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (Z.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Lingyun Zhou
- Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410125, China; (F.X.); (L.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410125, China; (F.X.); (L.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Langtao Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (Z.L.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-073-184-635-261
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao B, Liu Q, Wang B, Yuan F. Roles of Phytohormones and Their Signaling Pathways in Leaf Development and Stress Responses. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3566-3584. [PMID: 33739096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones participate in various processes over the course of a plant's lifecycle. In addition to the five classical phytohormones (auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, and ethylene), phytohormones such as brassinosteroids, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, strigolactones, and peptides also play important roles in plant growth and stress responses. Given the highly interconnected nature of phytohormones during plant development and stress responses, it is challenging to study the biological function of a single phytohormone in isolation. In the current Review, we describe the combined functions and signaling cascades (especially the shared points and pathways) of various phytohormones in leaf development, in particular, during leaf primordium initiation and the establishment of leaf polarity and leaf morphology as well as leaf development under various stress conditions. We propose a model incorporating the roles of multiple phytohormones in leaf development and stress responses to illustrate the underlying combinatorial signaling pathways. This model provides a reference for breeding stress-resistant crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boqing Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Qingyun Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li H, Lin Q, Yan M, Wang M, Wang P, Zhao H, Wang Y, Ni D, Guo F. Relationship between Secondary Metabolism and miRNA for Important Flavor Compounds in Different Tissues of Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis) As Revealed by Genome-Wide miRNA Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2001-2012. [PMID: 33538166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the regulatory relationship between important flavor compounds and microRNA (miRNA) in nine different tissues of tea plant by analyzing the related metabolites, small RNAs (sRNAs), degradome, and coexpression network. A total of 272 differential expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were obtained, including 198 conserved miRNAs and 74 novel miRNAs. Meanwhile, the expression patterns of miR159-GAMYB, miR167-ARF, and miR396-GRF pairs were investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and the target sites were verified by 5'RNA ligase-mediated RACE (5' RLM-RACE). Further coexpression analysis showed that the content of gallated catechins was significantly and negatively correlated with the expression of miR156, but positively correlated with the expression of miR166 and miR172. Additionally, the expression of miR169a, miR169l, and miR319h was shown to be positively correlated with the content of nongallated catechins and the experssion levels of ANRa, ANRb, and LARb. Moreover, important volatile compounds, such as linalool, geraniol, and 2-phenylethanol, were found to be highly positively correlated with the expression of miR171o, miRN71a, miRN71b, miRN71c, and miRN71d. Our data indicate that these miRNAs may play important roles in regulating the biosynthesis of flavor compounds in different tissues of tea plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Meilin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingle Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejiang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang YP, Zhang YY, Thakur K, Zhang F, Hu F, Zhang JG, Wei PC, Wei ZJ. Integration of miRNAs, Degradome, and Transcriptome Omics Uncovers a Complex Regulatory Network and Provides Insights Into Lipid and Fatty Acid Synthesis During Sesame Seed Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:709197. [PMID: 34394165 PMCID: PMC8358462 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.709197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) has always been known as a health-promoting oilseed crop because of its nutrient-rich oil. In recent years, studies have focused on lipid and fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis in various plants by high-throughput sequencing. Here, we integrated transcriptomics, small RNAs, and the degradome to establish a comprehensive reserve intensive on key regulatory micro RNA (miRNA)-targeting circuits to better understand the transcriptional and translational regulation of the oil biosynthesis mechanism in sesame seed development. Deep sequencing was performed to differentially express 220 miRNAs, including 65 novel miRNAs, in different developmental periods of seeds. GO and integrated KEGG analysis revealed 32 pairs of miRNA targets with negatively correlated expression profiles, of which 12 miRNA-target pairs were further confirmed by RT-PCR. In addition, a regulatory co-expression network was constructed based on the differentially expressed gene (DEG) profiles. The FAD2, LOC10515945, LOC105161564, and LOC105162196 genes were clustered into groups that regulate the accumulation of unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) biosynthesis. The results provide a unique advanced molecular platform for the study of lipid and FA biosynthesis, and this study may serve as a new theoretical reference to obtain increased levels of UFA from higher-quality sesame seed cultivars and other plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ping Zhang
- Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Crop Research Institute, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Wei
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Peng-Cheng Wei,
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Zhao-Jun Wei,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Suo A, Lan Z, Lu C, Zhao Z, Pu D, Wu X, Jiang B, Zhou N, Ding H, Zhou D, Liao P, Sunkar R, Zheng Y. Characterizing microRNAs and their targets in different organs of Camellia sinensis var. assamica. Genomics 2020; 113:159-170. [PMID: 33253793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To comprehensively annotate miRNAs and their targets in tea plant, Camellia sinensis, we sequenced small and messenger RNAs of 9 samples of Camellia sinensis var. assamica (YK-10), a diploid elite cultivar widely grown in southwest China. In order to identify targets of miRNAs, we sequenced two degradome sequencing profiles from leaves and roots of YK-10, respectively. By analyzing the small RNA-Seq profiles, we newly identified 137 conserved miRNAs and 23 species specific miRNAs in the genome of YK-10, which significantly improved the annotation of miRNAs in tea plant. Approximately 2000 differently expressed genes were identified when comparing RNA-Seq profiles of any two of the three organs selected in the study. Totally, more than 5000 targets of conserved miRNAs were identified in the two degradome profiles. Furthermore, our results suggest that a few miRNAs play roles in the biosynthesis pathways of theanine, caffeine and flavonoid. These results enhance our understanding of small RNA guided gene regulations in different organs of tea plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angbaji Suo
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Zengquan Lan
- Eco-Development Institute, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
| | - Chenyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Dian Pu
- Eco-Development Institute, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
| | - Xingwang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Bingbing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Eco-Development Institute, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China; Environmental and Health Research Center, Yunnan Medical Alliance Hospital Group, Kunming, Yunnan 650217, China
| | - Peiran Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Ramanjulu Sunkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Yun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|