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Zhang Y, Zhang K, Bao Z, Hao J, Ma X, Jia C, Liu M, Wei D, Yang S, Qin J. A Novel Preservative Film with a Pleated Surface Structure and Dual Bioactivity Properties for Application in Strawberry Preservation due to Its Efficient Apoptosis of Pathogenic Fungal Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:18027-18044. [PMID: 39078084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (C. gloeosporioides) were isolated from the decaying strawberry tissue. The antifungal properties of Monarda didyma essential oil (MEO) and its nanoemulsion were confirmed, demonstrating complete inhibition of the pathogens at concentrations of 0.45 μL/mL (0.37 mg/mL) and 10 μL/mL, respectively. Thymol, a primary component of MEO, was determined as an antimicrobial agent with IC50 values of 34.51 (B. cinerea) and 53.40 (C. gloeosporioides) μg/mL. Hippophae rhamnoides oil (HEO) was confirmed as a potent antioxidant, leading to the development of a thymol-HEO-chitosan film designed to act as an antistaling agent. The disease index and weight loss rate can be reduced by 90 and 60%, respectively, with nutrients also being well-preserved, offering an innovative approach to preservative development. Studies on the antifungal mechanism revealed that thymol could bind to FKS1 to disrupt the cell wall, causing the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and a burst of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Zhang
- College of Plant Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Kehan Zhang
- College of Plant Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhenyan Bao
- College of Plant Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jianan Hao
- College of Plant Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiaoyun Ma
- College of Plant Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Chengguo Jia
- College of Plant Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- College of Plant Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Dongsheng Wei
- Department of Biology, Institute of Wood Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 21031, Germany
| | - Shengxiang Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Jianchun Qin
- College of Plant Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Jilin University, Shenzhen 518066, China
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Li S, Zhao Y, Wu P, Grierson D, Gao L. Ripening and rot: How ripening processes influence disease susceptibility in fleshy fruits. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39016673 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Fleshy fruits become more susceptible to pathogen infection when they ripen; for example, changes in cell wall properties related to softening make it easier for pathogens to infect fruits. The need for high-quality fruit has driven extensive research on improving pathogen resistance in important fruit crops such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). In this review, we summarize current progress in understanding how changes in fruit properties during ripening affect infection by pathogens. These changes affect physical barriers that limit pathogen entry, such as the fruit epidermis and its cuticle, along with other defenses that limit pathogen growth, such as preformed and induced defense compounds. The plant immune system also protects ripening fruit by recognizing pathogens and initiating defense responses involving reactive oxygen species production, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades, and jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, ethylene, and abscisic acid signaling. These phytohormones regulate an intricate web of transcription factors (TFs) that activate resistance mechanisms, including the expression of pathogenesis-related genes. In tomato, ripening regulators, such as RIPENING INHIBITOR and NON_RIPENING, not only regulate ripening but also influence fruit defenses against pathogens. Moreover, members of the ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) family play pivotal and distinct roles in ripening and defense, with different members being regulated by different phytohormones. We also discuss the interaction of ripening-related and defense-related TFs with the Mediator transcription complex. As the ripening processes in climacteric and non-climacteric fruits share many similarities, these processes have broad applications across fruiting crops. Further research on the individual contributions of ERFs and other TFs will inform efforts to diminish disease susceptibility in ripe fruit, satisfy the growing demand for high-quality fruit and decrease food waste and related economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Donald Grierson
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Prerna, Chadha J, Khullar L, Mudgil U, Harjai K. A comprehensive review on the pharmacological prospects of Terpinen-4-ol: From nature to medicine and beyond. Fitoterapia 2024; 176:106051. [PMID: 38838826 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Owing to their extensive biological potential, essential oils (EOs) and their bioactive phytochemicals have gained attention from the scientific community. Within this domain, Terpinen-4-ol (T-4-ol), a bioactive monoterpene alcohol and the major constituent of tea tree oil (TTO), has made its way into translational research. Recent literature on T-4-ol strongly indicates its diverse pharmacological properties, including but not limited to antimicrobial, antivirulent, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, and anti-cancer effects. Hence, this review is the first to provide a comprehensive overview of the sources, bioavailability, safety, pharmaceutical delivery systems, and multifaceted biological properties of T-4-ol, emphasizing its medicinal potential for widescale application. The antibacterial and antifungal effectiveness of T-4-ol has been discussed, encompassing its role in combating a broad spectrum of bacterial and fungal pathogens. The review delves into the antivirulent prospects of T-4-ol, shedding light on its ability to attenuate virulence and mitigate bacterial pathogenesis. Scientific literature on the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of T-4-ol highlighting its role in neutralizing reactive oxygen species and modulating inflammatory pathways has also been collated. Furthermore, the review elaborates on the cardioprotective and anti-hypertensive properties of T-4-ol and augments literature on its anti-cancer mechanism against various cancer cell lines. The review also provides in-depth knowledge of the pharmaceutical formulations of T-4-ol and recent knowledge about its application in clinical/field trials. The exploration of these diverse attributes positions T-4-ol as a promising candidate for further research and therapeutic repurposing in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jatin Chadha
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Lavanya Khullar
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Umang Mudgil
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kusum Harjai
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Assis RMADE, Santos JPD, Honorato ADAC, Rocha JPM, Carvalho AADE, Bertolucci SKV, Pinto JEBP. Green manure (Crotalaria juncea L.) enhances Origanum vulgare L. biomass accumulation, essential oil yield, and phytochemical properties. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20230539. [PMID: 38597500 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420230539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Green manure (GM) may reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, been an ecologically appropriate strategy to cultivation of medicinal plants. Crotalaria juncea, is one of the most used because it adapts to different climatic and high nitrogen content. Origanum vulgare. is widely used in cooking, pharmaceutical, cosmetic industries and food products. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the GM on biomass, essential oil (EO), phenolic and antioxidant. The experiment consisted: control; 150, 300, 450, and 600 g (Sh= leaves+steam) more 200 g roots (R); 600 g aerial part; 200 g roots; and soil with 300 g cattle manure per pot. The highest dry weights were observed in the presence of GM and cattle manure (90 days). The control had an EO production 75% lower in relation to the dose of 450 g GM (Sh+R). Principal component analysis showed that GM and cattle manure positively influenced the dry weight, content, yield, and EO constituents, and total flavonoids. The GM contributed to the accumulation of the major EO compounds (trans-sabinene hydrate, thymol, terpinen-4-ol). The GM management may be beneficial for cultivating, because it can increase the production of biomass and the active components, in addition to being an inexpensive resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M A DE Assis
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Agricultura, Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais e Plantas Medicinais, Trevo rotatório Professor Edmir Sá Santos, s/n, Campus universitário, Caixa Postal 3037, 37203-202 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Jandeilson P Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Agricultura, Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Plantas Medicinais, Trevo rotatório professor Edmir Sá Santos, s/n, Campus universitário, Caixa Postal 3037, 37203-202 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Alan DA Cunha Honorato
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Agricultura, Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Plantas Medicinais, Trevo rotatório professor Edmir Sá Santos, s/n, Campus universitário, Caixa Postal 3037, 37203-202 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - João Pedro M Rocha
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Agricultura, Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Plantas Medicinais, Trevo rotatório professor Edmir Sá Santos, s/n, Campus universitário, Caixa Postal 3037, 37203-202 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A DE Carvalho
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Agricultura, Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais e Plantas Medicinais, Trevo rotatório Professor Edmir Sá Santos, s/n, Campus universitário, Caixa Postal 3037, 37203-202 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Suzan Kelly V Bertolucci
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Agricultura, Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Plantas Medicinais, Trevo rotatório professor Edmir Sá Santos, s/n, Campus universitário, Caixa Postal 3037, 37203-202 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo B P Pinto
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Agricultura, Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais e Plantas Medicinais, Trevo rotatório Professor Edmir Sá Santos, s/n, Campus universitário, Caixa Postal 3037, 37203-202 Lavras, MG, Brazil
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Duan B, Zhang Y, Feng Z, Liu Z, Tao N. Octanal enhances disease resistance in postharvest citrus fruit by the biosynthesis and metabolism of aromatic amino acids. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 200:105835. [PMID: 38582597 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Octanal was found to be able to reduce green mold incidence in citrus fruit by a defense response mechanism. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Herein, the metabolomics, RNA-seq and biochemical analyses were integrated to explore the effect of octanal on disease resistance in harvested citrus fruit. Results showed that octanal fumigation at 40 μL L-1 was effective in controlling citrus green mold. Metabolomics analysis showed that octanal mainly led to the accumulation of some plant hormones including methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, indoleacetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid, and gibberellic acid and many phenylpropanoid metabolites including cinnamyl alcohol, hesperidin, dihydrokaempferol, vanillin, quercetin-3-O-malonylglucoside, curcumin, naringin, chrysin, coniferin, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, trans-cinnamaldehyde, and 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyflavone. Particularly, IAA and hesperidin were dramatically accumulated in the peel, which might be the contributors to the resistance response. Additionally, transcriptome analysis showed that octanal greatly activated the biosynthesis and metabolism of aromatic amino acids. This was further verified by the accumulation of some metabolites (shikimic acid, tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine, IAA, total phenolics, flavonoids and lignin), increase in some enzyme activities (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, tyrosine ammonia-lyase, 4-coumarate CoA ligase, cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase), up-regulation of some genes (tryptophan pyruvate aminotransferase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, shikimate kinase and shikimate dehydrogenase) expressions and molecular docking results. Thus, these results indicate that octanal is an efficient strategy for the control of postharvest green mold by triggering the defense response in citrus fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Yonghua Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Zhao Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Zhaoguo Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Nengguo Tao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China.
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Wang J, Gao Q, Fang T, Shen Y, Jing S, Guo N. Glycine Enhances Oxidative Stress Tolerance and Biocontrol Efficacy of Sporidiobolus pararoseus against Aspergillus niger Decay of Apples. Foods 2023; 12:4121. [PMID: 38002179 PMCID: PMC10670768 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Apples are deeply loved by people because of their rich nutritional value, but they are susceptible to rotting. The use of antagonistic yeast is a promising method for controlling postharvest fruit diseases, but biocontrol efficacy of yeast will be weakened in environmental stress. In this study, the effects of glycine (Gly) on the oxidative stress tolerance and the biocontrol efficacy of Sporidiobolus pararoseus (S. pararoseus) against Aspergillus niger (A. niger) are discussed. Under the stimulation of H2O2, the yeast cells treated with Gly (1 mM) showed lower ROS content, less mitochondrial impairment and cellular oxidative damage, and the cell survival rate was significantly higher than Gly-untreated yeast. The yeast cells exposed to Gly significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and the content of glutathione (GSH). Notably, Gly-treated yeast cells had better biocontrol efficacy against A. niger in postharvest apples. The lesion diameter and decay incidence were reduced by 17.67 mm and 79.63% compared to the control, respectively, when S. pararoseus was treated with 1 mM Gly. Moreover, Gly-treated yeast increased the antioxidant enzymes activities and their gene expression were up-regulated in apples. These results indicated that 1 mM Gly not only reduced the oxidative damage of yeast, but also induced resistance-related enzymes of apples under oxidative stress, which contributed to enhancing the biocontrol efficacy of S. pararoseus against A. niger in apples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Na Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (J.W.); (Q.G.); (T.F.); (Y.S.); (S.J.)
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Fouad HA, da Câmara CAG, de Moraes MM, Tavares WDS, Legaspi JC, Zanuncio JC. Insecticidal and Repellent Activities of Four Essential Oils Against Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Dose Response 2023; 21:15593258231210263. [PMID: 38022902 PMCID: PMC10664452 DOI: 10.1177/15593258231210263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Corymbia citriodora, Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtaceae), Mentha × piperita (Lamiaceae), and Schinus terebinthifolius (Anacardiaceae) essential oils as an alternative to manage Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) adults. Methods Acute contact toxicity, acute toxicity on treated maize grain, fumigation toxicity, repellency bioassays, and GC-MS analysis of the essential oils were carried out. Results Corymbia citriodora, M. alternifolia, M. × piperita, and S. terebinthifolius oils were toxic at different levels to S. zeamais through residual contact, ingestion and via fumigation, and were also repellent to adults of this pest. Melaleuca alternifolia oil was the most active in contact (LC50 = 18.98 μL.mL-1), ingestion (LC50 = 1.03 μL.g-1), and fumigant (LC50 = 20.05 μL.L-1 air) bioassays. Citronelal (53.6% in C. citriodora), terpinen-4-ol (46.9% in M. alternifolia), menthol (44.8% in M. × piperita), and β-caryophyllene (16.2% in S terebinthifolius) are the major constituents of these oils. Conclusions Melaleuca alternifolia and M. × piperita essential oils can be used by residual contact, while those of C. citriodora, M. alternifolia, and M. × piperita by mixing with maize grains. Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil can be used as a fumigant, while those of C. citriodora and S. terebinthifolius as repellents for S. zeamais adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Ahmed Fouad
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Jesusa Crisostomo Legaspi
- Center for Biological Control, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University, Tallahassee, USA
| | - José Cola Zanuncio
- Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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Zhang S, Miao W, Liu Y, Jiang J, Chen S, Chen F, Guan Z. Jasmonate signaling drives defense responses against Alternaria alternata in chrysanthemum. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:553. [PMID: 37723458 PMCID: PMC10507968 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black spot disease caused by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria spp. is one of the most devastating diseases affecting Chrysanthemum morifolium. There is currently no effective way to prevent chrysanthemum black spot. RESULTS We revealed that pre-treatment of chrysanthemum leaves with the methy jasmonate (MeJA) significantly reduces their susceptibility to Alternaria alternata. To understand how MeJA treatment induces resistance, we monitored the dynamics of metabolites and the transcriptome in leaves after MeJA treatment following A. alternata infection. JA signaling affected the resistance of plants to pathogens through cell wall modification, Ca2+ regulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation, mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade and hormonal signaling processes, and the accumulation of anti-fungal and anti-oxidant metabolites. Furthermore, the expression of genes associated with these functions was verified by reverse transcription quantitative PCR and transgenic assays. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that MeJA pre-treatment could be a potential orchestrator of a broad-spectrum defense response that may help establish an ecologically friendly pest control strategy and offer a promising way of priming plants to induce defense responses against A. alternata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weihao Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.
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Chen Y, Xing M, Chen T, Tian S, Li B. Effects and mechanisms of plant bioactive compounds in preventing fungal spoilage and mycotoxin contamination in postharvest fruits: A review. Food Chem 2023; 415:135787. [PMID: 36854245 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Spoilage and mycotoxin contamination of fruits cause significant economic losses and food safety issues. Synthetic chemical fungicide treatment as primary postharvest management has attracted increasing public concern in recent years, because it may cause negative effects on the environment and human health. Numerous bioactive compounds from plants have demonstrated excellent control effects on fruit spoilage and mycotoxin contamination. Plant bioactive compounds have been considered one of the most promising alternatives, because they are generally regarded as safe and environmentally friendly. Here, we reviewed the most recent advances in plant bioactive compounds in the prevention of fungal spoilage and mycotoxin contamination in fruits. The control effects of these compounds and the mechanisms involved were summarized, and current limitations and future perspectives were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Mengyang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100093, China.
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Wang W, Ling Y, Deng L, Yao S, Zeng K. Effect of L-cysteine treatment to induce postharvest disease resistance of Monilinia fructicola in plum fruits and the possible mechanisms involved. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:105367. [PMID: 36963954 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plum is an important stone fruit in China, but the fruit is easily perishable and susceptible to infection by pathogens. Traditionally, synthetic fungicides are used to control diseases. However, the side effects of fungicides should not be ignored. Cysteine, generally recognized as safe (GRAS) amino acid, has been reported to play roles in the plant abiotic stress response, but little is known about the role of cysteine to control postharvest diseases in fruits. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effect of L-cysteine treatment on control of postharvest brown rot in artificially inoculated plum fruits and the possible biocontrol mechanisms involved. Postharvest plum fruits were inoculated with 1, 10, 100 and 1000 mg L-1 L-cysteine. 100 mg L-1 L-cysteine treatment effectively controlled brown rot in artificially inoculated plum fruits by inducing resistance. Furthermore, 100 mg L-1 L-cysteine treatment increased the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH), enhanced the content of NADPH of the pentose phosphate pathway, as well as improved the contents of H2O2 and some amino acids in the artificially inoculated plum fruits. 100 mg L-1 L-cysteine treatment also elevated the antioxidant content (AsA, GSH) and the antioxidant enzymes activities (APX, GR, MDAR, DHAR) of the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) pathway. The protective effects of L-cysteine treatment on postharvest plum fruits likely be due to activating some defense-related responses of the fruit against infection. L-cysteine treatment is a safe promising method for controlling postharvest brown rot in plum fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Research Center of Food Storage & Logistics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yang Ling
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Lili Deng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Research Center of Food Storage & Logistics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Shixiang Yao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Research Center of Food Storage & Logistics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Kaifang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Research Center of Food Storage & Logistics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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11
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A Cinnamate 4-HYDROXYLASE1 from Safflower Promotes Flavonoids Accumulation and Stimulates Antioxidant Defense System in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065393. [PMID: 36982470 PMCID: PMC10049626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
C4H (cinnamate 4-hydroxylase) is a pivotal gene in the phenylpropanoid pathway, which is involved in the regulation of flavonoids and lignin biosynthesis of plants. However, the molecular mechanism of C4H-induced antioxidant activity in safflower still remains to be elucidated. In this study, a CtC4H1 gene was identified from safflower with combined analysis of transcriptome and functional characterization, regulating flavonoid biosynthesis and antioxidant defense system under drought stress in Arabidopsis. The expression level of CtC4H1 was shown to be differentially regulated in response to abiotic stresses; however, a significant increase was observed under drought exposure. The interaction between CtC4H1 and CtPAL1 was detected using a yeast two-hybrid assay and then verified using a bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) analysis. Phenotypic and statistical analysis of CtC4H1 overexpressed Arabidopsis demonstrated slightly wider leaves, long and early stem development as well as an increased level of total metabolite and anthocyanin contents. These findings imply that CtC4H1 may regulate plant development and defense systems in transgenic plants via specialized metabolism. Furthermore, transgenic Arabidopsis lines overexpressing CtC4H1 exhibited increased antioxidant activity as confirmed using a visible phenotype and different physiological indicators. In addition, the low accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in transgenic Arabidopsis exposed to drought conditions has confirmed the reduction of oxidative damage by stimulating the antioxidant defensive system, resulting in osmotic balance. Together, these findings have provided crucial insights into the functional role of CtC4H1 in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis and antioxidant defense system in safflower.
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Duan B, Tan X, Long J, Ouyang Q, Zhang Y, Tao N. Integrated transcriptomic-metabolomic analysis reveals that cinnamaldehyde exposure positively regulates the phenylpropanoid pathway in postharvest Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 189:105312. [PMID: 36549824 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Previously, wax + cinnamaldehyde (WCA) was proven to be able to effectively alleviate fruit decay and induce resistance in harvested Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu). However, the potential molecular mechanism is largely unknown. In the present study, transcriptomics, metabolomics and biochemical analyses were combined to clarify this process. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the expression of genes involved in secondary metabolites and related to pathogenesis and the phenylpropanoid pathway were significantly influenced by WCA treatment. In addition, metabolite profiling revealed that metabolites in the phenylpropanoid pathway were also predominantly impacted after WCA treatment. Correspondingly, enzymatic activities and gene expression involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway were positively regulated, especially in the first 24 h, resulting in increased levels of total phenolics, flavonoids and other secondary metabolites. Fruit inoculation experiments showed that WCA treatment significantly reduced the development of citrus green mold and sour rot while having no adverse effects on the edible quality of the tested citrus fruit. Our study confirms the potential role of WCA exposure in citrus to induce resistance through the phenylpropanoid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jianyuan Long
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, PR China
| | - Qiuli Ouyang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yonghua Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, PR China
| | - Nengguo Tao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, PR China.
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13
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Yang J, Wang Q, Li L, Li P, Yin M, Xu S, Chen Y, Feng X, Wang B. Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Zanthoxylum armatum Fruit Essential Oil against Phytophthora capsici. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238636. [PMID: 36500729 PMCID: PMC9740196 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic plant oomycetes cause devastating damage to fruits and vegetables worldwide. Plant essential oils (EOs) are known to be promising candidates for the development of fungicides. In this study, we isolated twelve EOs from Tetradium ruticarpum, Tetradium daniellii, Tetradium fraxinifolium, Zanthoxylum armatum, Ruta graveolens, and Citrus medica leaves and fruits. We then investigated their chemical composition and antifungal activity against phytopathogenic oomycetes. Our results demonstrated that Z. armatum fruit essential oil (ZFO) in particular substantially inhibited the mycelial growth of Phytophthora capsici. Similarly, ZFO also strongly suppressed spore production and germination of P. capsici, and the application of ZFO significantly reduced disease symptoms caused by P. capsici in pepper. Furthermore, results from microscopic and biochemical studies indicated that ZFO damaged the ultrastructure and destroyed the membrane integrity of P. capsici, leading to the leakage of the cellular contents and ultimately causing cell death. It was concluded that ZFO could enhance the activities of defense-related enzymes in pepper fruits, which may also be responsible for the inhibition of phytophthora disease. Moreover, linalool and D-limonene were proven to be the primary effective components of ZFO. Our results collectively indicate that ZFO could be a potential candidate for the management of disease caused by P. capsici.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qizhi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Linwei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Pirui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Min Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Shu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xu Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8434-7074
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14
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γ-Cyclodextrin-Encapsulated Cinnamaldehyde for Citrus Preservation and Its Potential Mechanisms against Penicillium digitatum. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8111199. [DOI: 10.3390/jof8111199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a γ-cyclodextrin-cinnamaldehyde inclusion compound (γ-CDCL) was prepared to control green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum (P. digitatum) in citrus. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of γ-CDCL against the mycelial growth of P. digitatum were 2.0 g L−1 and 4.0 g L−1, respectively. Simultaneously, eight × MFC γ-CDCL could effectively reduce the incidence of green mold in citrus fruit without impairment of the fruit qualities, meanwhile, eight × MFC γ-CDCL was comparable to Prochloraz in controlling fruit under natural storage conditions. The structure of γ-CDCL was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. Results showed that the successful preparation of γ-CDCL was due to the spatial interaction between H-4,8 of cinnamaldehyde and H-5′ of γ-cyclodextrin. Meanwhile, the cell membrane permeability of P. digitatum was impaired by γ-CDCL through massive accumulation of reactive oxygen species, whereas the cell wall integrity was barely affected. These results indicated that γ-CDCL might inhibit the growth of P. digitatum through a membrane damage mechanism and it is a promising alternative to chemical fungicides in controlling the post-harvest citrus decay.
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15
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Che J, Pan F, Chen X, Zhang Y, Tao N, Fu Y. Screening of Oxygenated Aromatic Compounds for Potential Antifungal Activity against Geotrichum citri-aurantii through Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13787-13795. [PMID: 36240172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sour rot caused by Geotrichum citri-aurantii (G. citri-aurantii) is responsible for huge economic losses during citrus fruit storage. However, the availability of chemical fungicides for controlling this disease is rather limited. In the present study, the antifungal activities of 25 oxygenated aromatic compounds against the mycelial growth of G. citri-aurantii were determined, and their corresponding structure-activity relationships were illustrated. Salicylaldehyde (pMIC = 2.689) possessed the strongest inhibitory effect on G. citri-aurantii growth, followed by thymol (pMIC = 2.478) and o-phthalaldehyde (pMIC = 2.429). Molecular electrostatic potential and molecular orbital analysis showed that the antifungal efficiency of test compounds was determined by the number and location of hydroxyl and aldehyde groups and the length of the ester chain. All compounds were selected for quantitative structure-antifungal activity relationship (QSAR) analysis. A three-dimensional-QSAR model of G. citri-aurantii inhibitors was established and demonstrated good predictive capability [comparative molecular field analysis, q2 = 0.532, optimum number of components (ONC) =10, R2 = 0.996, F = 560.325, standard error of estimation (SEE) = 0.034, and two descriptors; comparative similarity index analysis, q2 = 0.675, ONC = 6, R2 = 0.989, F = 263.354, SEE = 0.054, and five descriptors]. QSAR analysis showed that substitution at position 1 with hydrophilic and electron-withdrawing groups produced a hydrogen donor and thus improved the antifungal activity. In contrast, substitution at positions 4 or 5 with hydrophilic and electron-donating groups decreased its antifungal activity. These findings can provide theoretical guidance for preparing effective antifungal drugs for controlling sour rot in citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Che
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan411105, P.R. China
| | - Fei Pan
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100093, P.R. China
| | - Xiumei Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan411105, P.R. China
- Postdoctoral Station of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yonghua Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan411105, P.R. China
| | - Nengguo Tao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan411105, P.R. China
| | - Yishan Fu
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500Yunnan, China
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16
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Qu G, Wu W, Ba L, Ma C, Ji N, Cao S. Melatonin Enhances the Postharvest Disease Resistance of Blueberries Fruit by Modulating the Jasmonic Acid Signaling Pathway and Phenylpropanoid Metabolites. Front Chem 2022; 10:957581. [PMID: 35942476 PMCID: PMC9355799 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.957581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, to investigate the physiological and molecular mechanisms of melatonin inhibiting the postharvest rot of blueberry fruits, blueberry fruits were dipped in 0.3 mmol L−1 melatonin solution for 3 min and stored at 0°C for 80 days. The results indicated that melatonin did not significantly (p > 0.05) inhibit the mycelial growth or spore germination of Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In addition, an in vivo study revealed that melatonin treatment increased the enzymatic activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD) in fruits. Furthermore, genes related to jasmonic acid synthesis were upregulated (VaLOX, VaAOS, and VaAOC), as were those related to pathogenesis-related proteins (VaGLU and VaCHT) and phenylpropane metabolism (VaPAL, VaC4H, Va4CL, VaCAD, VaPPO, and VaPOD), which promoted the accumulation of total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and lignin in the fruits. These results suggest that melatonin enhances the postharvest disease resistance of blueberry fruits by mediating the jasmonic acid signaling pathway and the phenylpropane pathway.
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Zhao Y, Vlasselaer L, Ribeiro B, Terzoudis K, Van den Ende W, Hertog M, Nicolaï B, De Coninck B. Constitutive Defense Mechanisms Have a Major Role in the Resistance of Woodland Strawberry Leaves Against Botrytis cinerea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:912667. [PMID: 35874021 PMCID: PMC9298464 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.912667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea is a major threat to strawberry cultivation worldwide. By screening different Fragaria vesca genotypes for susceptibility to B. cinerea, we identified two genotypes with different resistance levels, a susceptible genotype F. vesca ssp. vesca Tenno 3 (T3) and a moderately resistant genotype F. vesca ssp. vesca Kreuzkogel 1 (K1). These two genotypes were used to identify the molecular basis for the increased resistance of K1 compared to T3. Fungal DNA quantification and microscopic observation of fungal growth in woodland strawberry leaves confirmed that the growth of B. cinerea was restricted during early stages of infection in K1 compared to T3. Gene expression analysis in both genotypes upon B. cinerea inoculation suggested that the restricted growth of B. cinerea was rather due to the constitutive resistance mechanisms of K1 instead of the induction of defense responses. Furthermore, we observed that the amount of total phenolics, total flavonoids, glucose, galactose, citric acid and ascorbic acid correlated positively with higher resistance, while H2O2 and sucrose correlated negatively. Therefore, we propose that K1 leaves are more resistant against B. cinerea compared to T3 leaves, prior to B. cinerea inoculation, due to a lower amount of innate H2O2, which is attributed to a higher level of antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes in K1. To conclude, this study provides important insights into the resistance mechanisms against B. cinerea, which highly depend on the innate antioxidative profile and specialized metabolites of woodland strawberry leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Zhao
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Liese Vlasselaer
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Bianca Ribeiro
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Konstantinos Terzoudis
- Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- KU Leuven Plant Institute, Heverlee, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Hertog
- Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Bart Nicolaï
- Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute, Heverlee, Belgium
- Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Barbara De Coninck
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute, Heverlee, Belgium
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18
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Chen C, Peng X, Wan C, Zhang Y, Gan Z, Zeng J, Kai W, Chen J. Lignin Biosynthesis Pathway and Redox Balance Act Synergistically in Conferring Resistance against Penicillium italicum Infection in 7-Demethoxytylophorine-Treated Navel Orange. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8111-8123. [PMID: 35730981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
7-Demethoxytylophorine (DEM), a natural water-soluble phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid, has a great potential for in vitro suppression of Penicillium italicum growth. In the present study, we investigated the ability of DEM to confer resistance against P. italicum in harvested "Newhall" navel orange and the underlying mechanism. Results from the in vivo experiment showed that DEM treatment delayed blue mold development. The water-soaked lesion diameter in 40 mg L-1 DEM-treated fruit was 35.2% lower than that in the control after 96 h. Moreover, the decrease in peel firmness loss and increase in electrolyte leakage, superoxide anion (O2•-) production, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were significantly inhibited by DEM treatment. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) burst in DEM-treated fruit at the early stage of P. italicum infection contributed to the conferred resistance by increasing the activities of lignin biosynthesis-related enzymes, along with the expressions of their encoding genes, resulting in lignin accumulation. The DEM-treated fruit maintained an elevated antioxidant capacity, as evidenced by high levels of ascorbic acid and glutathione content, and enhanced or upregulated the activities and gene expression levels of APX, GR, MDHAR, DHAR, GPX, and GST, thereby maintaining ROS homeostasis and reducing postharvest blue mold. Collectively, the results in the present study revealed a control mechanism in which DEM treatment conferred the resistance against P. italicum infection in harvested "Newhall" navel orange fruit by activating lignin biosynthesis and maintaining the redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuying Chen
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xuan Peng
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zengyu Gan
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jiaoke Zeng
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wenbin Kai
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China
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19
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Chen C, Cai N, Wan C, Huang Q, Chen J. Cell wall modification and lignin biosynthesis involved in disease resistance against Diaporthe citri in harvested pummelo fruit elicited by carvacrol. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:3140-3149. [PMID: 34791654 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phomopsis stem-end rot caused by Diaporthe citri, causes significant commercial postharvest losses of pummelo fruit during storage. Carvacrol (CVR) is a known generally recognized as safe and has the ability to prolong the preservation of harvested fruits. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of CVR treatment at the appropriate concentration on Phomopsis stem-end rot development of harvested pummelo fruit inoculated with D. citri were evaluated by the amounts of cell wall components, the activities and gene expressions of related enzymes involved in cell wall modification and lignin biosynthesis. RESULTS Results indicated that CVR completely inhibited D. citri growth in vitro at 200 mg L-1 and significantly controlled Phomopsis stem-end rot development in harvested pummelo. The CVR treatment delayed peel softening and browning, and retarded electrolyte leakage, superoxide radical (O2 •- ) production, and malondialdehyde content. The CVR-treated fruit maintained higher amounts of cell wall material, protopectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose, but exhibited lower water-soluble pectin amount. Moreover, in D. citri-inoculated fruit, CVR treatment suppressed the activities and gene expressions of cell wall disassembling-enzymes, including pectin methylesterase, polygalacturonase, cellulase, and β-galactosidase, while the development of cell wall degradation was reduced. Meanwhile, the CVR treatment enhanced the lignin biosynthesis by increasing the activities and up-regulating the gene expressions of phenylalanine ammonialyase, cinnamic alcohol dehydrogenase, and peroxidase accompanied with elevated level of lignin in pummelo fruit. CONCLUSION The disease resistance to D. citri in pummelo fruit elicited by CVR treatment is related to delaying cell wall degradation and enhancing lignin biosynthesis. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuying Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-Destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, P. R. China
| | - Nan Cai
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-Destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, P. R. China
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-Destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-Destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, P. R. China
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-Destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, P. R. China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, Jiangxi Province, 337055, P. R. China
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20
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Advantages of Tandem versus Simultaneous Operation: The case of Isomerization/Hydrogenation of Terpinolene Epoxide to Terpinen-4-ol Using a Ni/TiO2-SiO2 Bifunctional Catalyst. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Han P, Wei Y, Jiang S, Chen Y, Xu F, Wang H, Shao X. N-Acetyl-d-glucosamine Inhibition of Hexokinase Results in Downregulation of the Phenylpropanoid Metabolic Pathway and Decreased Resistance to Brown Rot in Peach Fruit. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3917-3928. [PMID: 35298175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To explore the role of hexokinase (HXK) on disease resistance in peach fruit, peaches were treated with N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (NAG), a known HXK inhibitor, and then inoculated with Monilinia fructicola. We demonstrate that NAG significantly inhibits HXK activity, which in turn results in significantly reduced resistance to M. fructicola infection. In the HXK-inhibited fruit, the sucrose content was higher and the glucose and fructose contents were lower than in the control fruit. By transcriptome analysis, we found 347 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between NAG-treated and control peaches, most of which were involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in plants, plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, and the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. In particular, the DEGs related to phenylpropanoid metabolism, such as peroxidase, flavonoid, and isoflavonoid biosynthesis were significantly downregulated. Nontargeted metabolomic analysis revealed 44 differential metabolites, 9 of which were increased and 35 of which were decreased in the NAG-treated fruit. The decreased metabolites were secondary metabolites, including polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and glycosides. The relationship between HXK and phenylpropanoid metabolism was further investigated, and we found that in HXK-inhibited fruits the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase were significantly decreased over the control fruit, as well as the total phenol and total flavone contents were also significantly decreased. These results demonstrate that the inhibition of HXK activity decreases the disease resistance of peach fruits by affecting sugar metabolism and the phenylpropanoid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Han
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Yingying Wei
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Shu Jiang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Yi Chen
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Hongfei Wang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Xingfeng Shao
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
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22
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Xu X, Chen Y, Li B, Zhang Z, Qin G, Chen T, Tian S. Molecular mechanisms underlying multi-level defense responses of horticultural crops to fungal pathogens. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac066. [PMID: 35591926 PMCID: PMC9113409 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The horticultural industry helps to enrich and improve the human diet while contributing to growth of the agricultural economy. However, fungal diseases of horticultural crops frequently occur during pre- and postharvest periods, reducing yields and crop quality and causing huge economic losses and wasted food. Outcomes of fungal diseases depend on both horticultural plant defense responses and fungal pathogenicity. Plant defense responses are highly sophisticated and are generally divided into preformed and induced defense responses. Preformed defense responses include both physical barriers and phytochemicals, which are the first line of protection. Induced defense responses, which include innate immunity (pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity), local defense responses, and systemic defense signaling, are triggered to counterstrike fungal pathogens. Therefore, to develop regulatory strategies for horticultural plant resistance, a comprehensive understanding of defense responses and their underlying mechanisms is critical. Recently, integrated multi-omics analyses, CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing, high-throughput sequencing, and data mining have greatly contributed to identification and functional determination of novel phytochemicals, regulatory factors, and signaling molecules and their signaling pathways in plant resistance. In this review, research progress on defense responses of horticultural crops to fungal pathogens and novel regulatory strategies to regulate induction of plant resistance are summarized, and then the problems, challenges, and future research directions are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zhanquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Guozheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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23
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Effect of Chitosan Coatings with Cinnamon Essential Oil on Postharvest Quality of Mangoes. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123003. [PMID: 34945553 PMCID: PMC8700884 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica Linn.) is a famous climacteric fruit containing abundant flavor and nutrients in the tropics, but it is prone to decay without suitable postharvest preservation measures. In this study, the chitosan (CH)-cinnamon essential oil (CEO) Pickering emulsion (CH-PE) coating was prepared, with cellulose nanocrystals as the emulsifier, and applied to harvested mangoes at the green stage of maturity. It was compared with a pure CH coating and a CH-CEO emulsion (CH-E) coating, prepared with the emulsifier Tween 80. Results showed that the CH-PE coating had a lower water solubility and water vapor permeability than the other coatings, which was mainly due to electrostatic interactions, and had a better sustained-release performance for CEO than the CH-E coating. During mango storage, the CH-PE coating effectively improved the appearance of mangoes at 25 °C for 12 d by reducing yellowing and dark spots, and delayed water loss. Hardness was maintained and membrane lipid peroxidation was reduced by regulating the activities of pectin methyl esterase, polygalacturonase, and peroxidase. In addition, the nutrient quality was improved by the CH-PE coating, with higher contents of total soluble solid, titratable acid, and ascorbic acid. Therefore, the CH-PE coating is promising to comprehensively maintain the postharvest quality of mangoes, due to its enhanced physical and sustained-release properties.
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24
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Cheng F, Mo Y, Chen K, Shang X, Yang Z, Hao B, Shang R, Liang J, Liu Y. Integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics indicates changes in MRSA exposed to terpinen-4-ol. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:305. [PMID: 34736405 PMCID: PMC8566654 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the effects of terpinen-4-ol on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its biofilm, and the possible mechanisms governing this effect. Results We observed that terpinen-4-ol has good antibacterial activity and inhibits the formation of MRSA biofilm. The MIC and MBC values for terpinen-4-ol against S. aureus were 0.08% ~ 0.32%. And terpinen-4-ol at 0.32% could kill all bacteria and clear all biofilms. Untargeted metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses showed that terpinen-4-ol strongly inhibited DNA and RNA biosynthesis in MRSA at 2 h after treatment by affecting genes and metabolites related to purine and pyrimidine metabolic pathways. Some differential genes which play important roles in DNA synthesis and the production of eDNA from biofilm exposed to terpinen-4-ol was also significantly decreased compared with that of the control. Conclusions Terpinen-4-ol has good antibacterial activity and significantly inhibits the formation of MRSA biofilm by inhibiting purine and pyrimidine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 730050, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Mo
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 730050, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 730050, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Shang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 730050, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 730050, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Baocheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 730050, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruofeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 730050, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 730050, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Duan B, Gao Z, Reymick OO, Ouyang Q, Chen Y, Long C, Yang B, Tao N. Cinnamaldehyde promotes the defense response in postharvest citrus fruit inoculated with Penicillium digitatum and Geotrichum citri-aurantii. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 179:104976. [PMID: 34802526 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Induced resistance in harvested fruit and vegetables is a superior strategy to reduce postharvest decay. In the present study, Cinnamaldehyde (CA) was applied to investigate for its induced resistance against Penicillium digitatum and Geotrichum citri-aurantii. The results showed that 5250 mg CA/L wax was effective concentration in inducing the resistance of citrus fruit to green mold and sour rot. Wax+ CA (WCA) reduced significantly green mold and sour rot incidences at different exposure times, with 24 h being the optimal exposure time. The host reactions under infection with different pathogens were similar. During initial exposure, treatment with 5250 mg CA/L wax enhanced significantly the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), β-1, 3-glucanase (GLU) and chitinase (CHT) in the presence of direct contact with the pathogen. Simultaneously, WCA induced an increase in total phenolic, flavanone and dihydroflavonol, flavone and flavonol, and lignin contents. Thus, our results suggest that treatment using 5250 mg CA/L wax can be applied early to control diseases by provoking response reactions in citrus fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Zhouju Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Okwong Oketch Reymick
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Qiuli Ouyang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Chunyan Long
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Bao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, PR China.
| | - Nengguo Tao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China.
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26
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Salicylate Treatment Affects Fruit Quality and Also Alters the Composition of Metabolites in Strawberries. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of preharvest treatments with salicylates (salicylic acid (SA), methyl salicylic acid (MeSA) and acetyl salicylic acid (ASA)) on fruit quality parameters and primary and secondary metabolites during ripening at five sampling dates. The results showed that salicylates affect overall fruit quality, and some very desirable and important properties of strawberry fruits were acquired by the treatments, such as a deeper red colour (decreased hue angle), delayed ripening process with maintenance of higher fruit firmness, and higher sugar and ascorbic acid content. HPLC-MS analysis of the phenolic contents showed at almost all sampling dates that treatment with salicylates increased the content of some phenolic groups, the contents of the hydroxycinnamic acids (SA: up to 18%; MeSA: up to 13% increase), flavanols (SA: up to 27%, MeSA: up to 36% and ASA: up to 24% increase), anthocyanins (SA: up to 51%, MeSA: up to 33% and ASA: up to 28% increase) and also flavonol glycosides such as flavones. Total phenolics in fruits also increased-up to 27% with SA and up to 28% with MeSA. In general, better fruit quality and higher metabolite content were obtained with SA.
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27
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Li Z, Wei Y, Cao Z, Jiang S, Chen Y, Shao X. The Jasmonic Acid Signaling Pathway is Associated with Terpinen-4-ol-Induced Disease Resistance against Botrytis cinerea in Strawberry Fruit. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10678-10687. [PMID: 34468130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Terpinen-4-ol, the main component of tea tree oil, markedly increases the disease resistance of postharvest strawberry fruit. To understand the mechanism underlying the enhancement of disease resistance, a high-throughput RNA-seq was used to analyze gene transcription in terpinen-4-ol-treated and untreated fruit. The results show that terpinen-4-ol induces the expression of genes in the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis pathway, secondary metabolic pathways such as phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and pathways involved in plant-pathogen interactions. Terpinen-4-ol treatment reduced disease incidence and lesion diameter in strawberry fruit inoculated with Botrytis cinerea. Terpinen-4-ol treatment enhanced the expression of genes involved in JA synthesis (FaLOX, FaAOC, and FaOPR3) and signaling (FaCOI1), as well as genes related to disease defense (FaPAL, FaCHI, and FaGLU). In contrast, treatment with the JA biosynthesis inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) accelerated disease development and inhibited the induction of gene expressions by terpinen-4-ol. We conclude that the JA pathway participates in the induction of disease resistance by terpinen-4-ol in strawberry fruit. More generally, the results illuminate the mechanisms by which disease resistance is enhanced by essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbiao Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Yingying Wei
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Zidan Cao
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Shu Jiang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Yi Chen
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Xingfeng Shao
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
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28
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Anti-browning effect of Rosa roxburghii on apple juice and identification of polyphenol oxidase inhibitors. Food Chem 2021; 359:129855. [PMID: 33940475 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic browning control of cloudy fruit juice with natural substances has received much attention for improving its nutritional and commercial value. This study explored the anti-browning potential of Rosa roxburghii in apple juice. The anti-browning effects and mechanisms were evaluated by serial measurements of appearance, browning index, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS identification, inhibition kinetics and molecular docking. The results showed that Rosa roxburghii juice (0.25%-1.25% w/w) could effectively inhibit browning and PPO activity of apple juice. Ascorbic acid (1.67 g/100 g) as a reducing agent was a main anti-browning factor. Furthermore, seven phenolic compounds in Rosa roxburghii were screened as PPO inhibitors. Representative phenolic inhibitors induced mixed or competitive inhibition of PPO, mainly driven by hydrophobic forces and hydrogen bonds. This work demonstrates that Rosa roxburghii is a promising natural anti-browning ingredient to control the browning of cloudy apple juice due to abundant ascorbic acid and PPO inhibitors.
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29
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BTH Treatment Delays the Senescence of Postharvest Pitaya Fruit in Relation to Enhancing Antioxidant System and Phenylpropanoid Pathway. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040846. [PMID: 33924541 PMCID: PMC8069018 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant resistance elicitor Benzo (1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH) can enhance disease resistance of harvested fruit. Nonetheless, it is still unknown whether BTH plays a role in regulating fruit senescence. In this study, exogenous BTH treatment efficiently delayed the senescence of postharvest pitaya fruit with lower lipid peroxidation level. Furthermore, BTH-treated fruit exhibited lower hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, higher contents of reduced ascorbic acid (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and higher ratios of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) and ascorbic acid (AsA/DHA), as well as higher activities of ROS scavenging enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD) and glutathione reductase (GR) in comparison with control fruit. Moreover, BTH treatment enhanced the activities of phenylpropanoid pathway-related enzymes, including cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and 4-coumarate/coenzyme A ligase (4CL) and the levels of phenolics, flavonoids and lignin. In addition, BTH treatment upregulated the expression of HuSOD1/3/4, HuCAT2, HuAPX1/2 and HuPOD1/2/4 genes. These results suggested that application of BTH delayed the senescence of harvested pitaya fruit in relation to enhanced antioxidant system and phenylpropanoid pathway.
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30
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Lee K, Lee JG, Min K, Choi JH, Lim S, Lee EJ. Transcriptome Analysis of the Fruit of Two Strawberry Cultivars "Sunnyberry" and "Kingsberry" That Show Different Susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea after Harvest. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041518. [PMID: 33546320 PMCID: PMC7913547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) is a fungal plant pathogen causing postharvest decay in strawberry fruit. Here, we conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis to identify differences in gene expression between the immature-green (IG) and mature-red (MR) stages of the “Sunnyberry” (gray mold-resistant) and “Kingsberry” (gray mold susceptible) strawberry cultivars. Most of the genes involved in lignin and alkane-type wax biosynthesis were relatively upregulated in “Sunnyberry”. However, pathogenesis-related proteins encoding R- and antioxidant-related genes were comparatively upregulated in “Kingsberry”. Analysis of gene expression and physiological traits in the presence and absence of B. cinerea inoculation revealed that the defense response patterns significantly differed between IG and MR rather than the cultivars. “Kingsberry” showed higher antioxidant induction at IG and upregulated hemicellulose-strengthening and R genes at MR. Hence, “Sunnyberry” and “Kingsberry” differed mainly in terms of the expression levels of the genes forming cuticle, wax, and lignin and controlling the defense responses. These discrepancies might explain the relative difference between these strawberry cultivars in terms of their postharvest responses to B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuweon Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.L.); (J.G.L.); (K.M.)
| | - Jeong Gu Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.L.); (J.G.L.); (K.M.)
| | - Kyeonglim Min
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.L.); (J.G.L.); (K.M.)
| | - Jeong Hee Choi
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea;
| | - Sooyeon Lim
- National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea;
| | - Eun Jin Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.L.); (J.G.L.); (K.M.)
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence:
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31
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Ji Y, Hu W, Liao J, Xiu Z, Jiang A, Yang X, Guan Y, Feng K, Saren G. Effect of Ethanol Vapor Treatment on the Growth of Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea and Defense-Related Enzymes of Fungi-Inoculated Blueberry During Storage. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:618252. [PMID: 33574808 PMCID: PMC7870470 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.618252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of ethanol vapor on the inhibition of Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea in postharvest blueberry and the induction of defense-related enzymes (DREs) activities in fungi-inoculated blueberries stored at 0±0.5°C for 16days. Results indicated that ethanol vapor markedly inhibited the mycelial growth of A. alternata and B. cinerea in a dose-dependent manner, with inhibition rates of 9.1% (250μlL−1), 36.4% (500μlL−1), and 5.5% (1,000μlL−1) on A. alternata and 14.2% (250μlL−1), 44.7% (500μlL−1), and 76.6% (1,000μlL−1) on B. cinerea, respectively. Meanwhile, ethanol vapor also enhanced the activities of DREs in fungi-inoculated blueberries, including β-1,3-glucanase (GLU), chitinase (CHI), phenylalnine ammonialyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). In particular, 500μlL−1 ethanol vapor increased the activities of DREs by 84.7% (GLU), 88.0% (CHI), 37.9% (PAL), 85.5% (POD), and 247.0% (PPO) in A. alternata-inoculated blueberries and 103.8% (GLU), 271.1% (CHI), 41.1% (PAL), 148.3% (POD), and 74.4% (PPO) in B. cinerea-inoculated blueberries, respectively. But, the activity of PPO was decreased by 55.2 and 31.9% in 500μlL−1 ethanol-treated blueberries inoculated with A. alternata and B. cinerea, respectively, after 8days of storage. Moreover, the surface structure and ultrastructure of 500μlL−1 ethanol-treated blueberry fruit cells were more integrated than those of other treatments. The findings of the present study suggest that ethanol could be used as an activator of defense responses in blueberry against Alternaria and Botrytis rots, by activating DREs, having practical application value in the preservation of postharvest fruit and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Ji
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| | - Wenzhong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China.,College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
| | - Jia Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China.,College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhilong Xiu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Aili Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China.,College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaozhe Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| | - Yuge Guan
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| | - Ke Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China.,College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
| | - Gaowa Saren
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
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32
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Chen C, Guo J, Kahramanoǧlu İ, Wan C, Gan Z, Chen J. Biocontrol Bacterium Paenibacillus brasilensis YS-1 Fermented Broth Enhances the Quality Attributes and Storability of Harvested “Newhall” Navel Oranges. ACS FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acsfoodscitech.0c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuying Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, P. R. China
| | - Juanhua Guo
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, P. R. China
- Cash Crop Station, Ji’an Agricultural Bureau, Ji’an 343000, P. R. China
| | - İbrahim Kahramanoǧlu
- European University of Lefke, Gemikonagi, Northern Cyprus, via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, P. R. China
| | - Zengyu Gan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, P. R. China
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, P. R. China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, P. R. China
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