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Zhu Y, Zuo F, Ouyang H, Chen L, Zhang M, Shang Y, Lv Z, Chang Y, He J. Determination of eleven components in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS for pharmacokinetic studies after oral administration of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium extract. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 248:116315. [PMID: 38964166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) is used as common health-care food and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which exerts pharmacological effects, such as anti-cardiovascular, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, hepatoprotective, blood pressure-lowering and neuroprotective. In this study, reliable, and sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods were developed and validated for the determination of eleven active components in rat plasma after oral administration of the CRP extract. The results of this method exhibited that the specificity, linearity (r > 0.999), precision and accuracy (the coefficient of variation (CV) < 11.5 %), recovery (52.9-107.9 %), matrix effects (63.8-107.5 %), and stability (CV < 10.8 %) met all requirements for the quantitation of plasma samples. The pharmacokinetic results showed that the Tmax of flavone glycosides was less than 0.7 h, and that of polymethoxyflavones and volatile components were within 1-7 h. Meanwhile, the area-under-the-curve (AUC) and concentration maximum (Cmax) of hesperidin, nobiletin, tangeretin, and D-limonene were higher than those of the other components, suggesting that the plasma exposure levels of these constituents were higher in CRP. The present research lays a foundation for elucidating the therapeutic material basis and provides a reference for further scientific research and clinical application of CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Zhu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Fanjiao Zuo
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Huizi Ouyang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300193, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lu Chen
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Ye Shang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Zhenguo Lv
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yanxu Chang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Jun He
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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Su C, Yang M, Chen S, Fu C, Zhang L, Liu S, Kang J, Li C. Multiple metabolite profiles uncover remarkable bioactive compounds and metabolic characteristics of noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) at various stages of ripeness. Food Chem 2024; 450:139357. [PMID: 38631202 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the changes in physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds, and metabolic characteristics of noni fruit at different ripeness levels. The results showed that there were significant differences in physicochemical properties. HPLC analysis was conducted, revealing succinic acid, scopoletin, deacetylasperulosidic acid, and asperulosidic acid were key bioactive compounds as the fruit ripened. Additionally, 4 differentbiomarkers (isocitric acid, 4,4-thiodiphenol, lobaric acid, and octocrylene), identified using 1HNMR and LC-IT-TOF-MS, were found to have a VIP value over 1. The results from HS-GC-IMS demonstrated noteworthy that 14 volatile compounds were identified as highly discriminative features during fruit ripening. Furthermore, correlation analysis showed that different ripeness had significant effects on bioactive components and functional activities, e.g., the inhibition rate of enzyme and E. coli of noni fruit with different ripeness exceeded 90% at the last stage. This study contributes new insights into the effective utilization of bioactive ingredients in noni fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyan Su
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ming Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chuanxian Fu
- Wanning Wanwei Biotechnology Co., LTD, Wanning 571500, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Products Processing Technology of Haikou, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Sixin Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Products Processing Technology of Haikou, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiamu Kang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Products Processing Technology of Haikou, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Congfa Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Products Processing Technology of Haikou, Haikou 570228, China
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Fan J, Wang D, Kaneko S, Shimizu K. Lipidomic Profiling of Flammulina velutipes (Curtis) Singer (Agaricomycetes) through Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry: Examining Lipid Dynamics Changes during Fruiting Body Formation and Development. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39074379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Flammulina velutipes (enokitake) is widely recognized for its nutritional and medicinal properties. Understanding the biochemical processes, such as lipid metabolism during fruiting body formation, is essential for enhancing mushroom cultivation and utilization. This study aimed at elucidating the dynamic lipidomic changes during seven growth stages of F. velutipes using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Our results revealed significant increases in ceramides along with the growth and a sharp decline in phosphatidylinositols from mycelial to primordial stages. Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids, recently discovered for their bioactivities, showed high intensities in the mycelial and primordial stages but decreased rapidly thereafter. These findings provide profound insights into the lipid profiles associated with mushroom morphology and development. This lipidomics study establishes a foundational understanding for future research in agricultural and food chemistry applications, potentially improving industrial production and quality control of F. velutipes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Fan
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kaneko
- Japan Tree Doctors Association, Tokyo 113-0021, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi Shimizu
- Department of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Shi J, Peng L, Chen W, Qiao W, Wang K, Xu Y, Cheng J. Evaluation of chemical components and quality in Xinhui Chenpi ( Citrus reticulata 'Chachi') with two different storage times by GC-MS and UPLC. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:5036-5051. [PMID: 39055192 PMCID: PMC11266906 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Xinhui Chenpi (XHCP) is a well-known type of Chenpi (CP) widely used as both a Chinese herb and a food ingredient. While previous studies have explored how the quality of CP changes over time, there has been limited research specifically on XHCP. This study aims to assess the chemical components and quality of XHCP based on total flavonoid content (TF), antioxidant activity (AA), and color value (CV) at two stages: freshly harvested (XHCP-0Y) and after 3 years of storage (XHCP-3Y). Thirty-eight common volatile compounds were identified, and the content of 17 compounds among them, nine nonvolatile compounds, which included one alkaloid (synephrine), three phenolic acids (PA, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, and ferulic acid), and five flavonoids (narirutin, hesperidin, sinensetin, nobiletin, and tangeretin), were firstly detected by the newly developed gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) methods. Compared to XHCP-0Y, the content of 17 volatile compounds and synephrine decreased in XHCP-3Y to varying degrees, while the content of PA, five flavonoids, TF, AA, and CV increased. The reduction of dryness caused by volatile compounds and the enhancement of efficacy related to PA, flavonoids, and AA suggested improved quality of XHCP after 3 years of storage. The methods developed in this study show promise for evaluating the quality of XHCP during the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Shi
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine)Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of ChinaGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- National Enterprise Technology Center, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ultrafine Granular Powder of Herbal MedicineZhongshan Zhongzhi Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd.ZhongshanGuangdongChina
| | - Lihua Peng
- National Enterprise Technology Center, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ultrafine Granular Powder of Herbal MedicineZhongshan Zhongzhi Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd.ZhongshanGuangdongChina
| | - Weixuan Chen
- National Enterprise Technology Center, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ultrafine Granular Powder of Herbal MedicineZhongshan Zhongzhi Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd.ZhongshanGuangdongChina
| | - Weilin Qiao
- National Enterprise Technology Center, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ultrafine Granular Powder of Herbal MedicineZhongshan Zhongzhi Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd.ZhongshanGuangdongChina
| | - Kui Wang
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine)Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of ChinaGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yueyang Xu
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine)Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of ChinaGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- National Enterprise Technology Center, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ultrafine Granular Powder of Herbal MedicineZhongshan Zhongzhi Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd.ZhongshanGuangdongChina
| | - Jinle Cheng
- National Enterprise Technology Center, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ultrafine Granular Powder of Herbal MedicineZhongshan Zhongzhi Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd.ZhongshanGuangdongChina
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Liu Y, Wen H, Kong J, Hu Z, Hu Y, Zeng J, Chen X, Zhang H, Chen J, Xu J. Flavor characterization of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Citrus reticulata 'Chachiensis') with different aging years via sensory and metabolomic approaches. Food Chem 2024; 443:138616. [PMID: 38306907 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Guangchenpi (GCP), which is the peel of Citrus reticulata 'Chachiensis', is widely used as an herbal medicine, tea and food ingredient in southeast Asia. Prolonging its aging process results in a more pleasant flavor and increases its profitability. Through the integration of sensory evaluation with flavoromic analysis approaches, we evaluated the correlation between the flavor attributes and the profiles of the volatiles and flavonoids of GCP with various aging years. Notably, d-limonene, γ-terpinene, dimethyl anthranilate and α-phellandrene were the characteristic aroma compounds of GCP. Besides, α-phellandrene and nonanal were decisive for consumers' perception of GCP aging time due to changes of their odor activity values (OAVs). The flavor attributes of GCP tea liquid enhanced with the extension of aging time, and limonene-1,2-diol was identified as an important flavor enhancer. Combined with machine learning models, key flavor-related metabolites could be developed as efficient biomarkers for aging years to prevent GCP adulteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Sensory Evaluation and Quality Analysis Centre of Horticultural Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huan Wen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Sensory Evaluation and Quality Analysis Centre of Horticultural Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiatao Kong
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Sensory Evaluation and Quality Analysis Centre of Horticultural Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhehui Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Sensory Evaluation and Quality Analysis Centre of Horticultural Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Jiangmen Xinhui District Forestry Research Institute, Jiangmen 529100, China
| | - Jiwu Zeng
- Guangdong Fruit Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiangling Chen
- Horticultural Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Sensory Evaluation and Quality Analysis Centre of Horticultural Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiajing Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Sensory Evaluation and Quality Analysis Centre of Horticultural Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Juan Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Sensory Evaluation and Quality Analysis Centre of Horticultural Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Ma Y, Guo X, Wu P, Li Y, Zhang R, Xu L, Wei J. Comprehensive Analysis Reveals the Difference in Volatile Oil between Bupleurum marginatum var. stenophyllum (Wolff) Shan et Y. Li and the Other Four Medicinal Bupleurum Species. Molecules 2024; 29:2561. [PMID: 38893436 PMCID: PMC11173446 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Volatile oil serves as a traditional antipyretic component of Bupleuri Radix. Bupleurum marginatum var. stenophyllum (Wolff) Shan et Y. Li belongs to the genus Bupleurum and is distinguished for its high level of saikosaponins and volatile oils; nonetheless, prevailing evidence remains inconclusive regarding its viability as an alternative resource of other official species. This study aims to systematically compare the volatile oil components of both dried and fresh roots of B. marginatum var. stenophyllum and the four legally available Bupleurum species across their chemical, molecular, bionics, and anatomical structures. A total of 962 compounds were determined via GC-MS from the dried roots; B. marginatum var. stenophyllum showed the greatest differences from other species in terms of hydrocarbons, esters, and ketones, which was consistent with the results of fresh roots and the e-nose analysis. A large number of DEGs were identified from the key enzyme family of the monoterpene synthesis pathway in B. marginatum var. stenophyllum via transcriptome analysis. The microscopic observation results, using different staining methods, further showed the distinctive high proportion of phloem in B. marginatum var. stenophyllum, the structure which produces volatile oils. Together, these pieces of evidence hold substantial significance in guiding the judicious development and utilization of Bupleurum genus resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.M.); (X.G.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Xinwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.M.); (X.G.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Peiling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.M.); (X.G.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Yuting Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.M.); (X.G.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Ruyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.M.); (X.G.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Lijia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.M.); (X.G.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Jianhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.M.); (X.G.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China
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Qin Y, Zhao Q, Zhou D, Shi Y, Shou H, Li M, Zhang W, Jiang C. Application of flash GC e-nose and FT-NIR combined with deep learning algorithm in preventing age fraud and quality evaluation of pericarpium citri reticulatae. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101220. [PMID: 38384686 PMCID: PMC10879671 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Pericarpium citri reticulatae (PCR) is the dried mature fruit peel of Citrus reticulata Blanco and its cultivated varieties in the Brassicaceae family. It can be used as both food and medicine, and has the effect of relieving cough and phlegm, and promoting digestion. The smell and medicinal properties of PCR are aged over the years; only varieties with aging value can be called "Chenpi". That is to say, the storage year of PCR has a great influence on its quality. As the color and smell of PCR of different storage years are similar, some unscrupulous merchants often use PCRs of low years to pretend to be PCRs of high years, and make huge profits. Therefore, we did this study with the aim of establishing a rapid and nondestructive method to identify the counterfeiting of PCR storage year, so as to protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. In this study, a classification model of PCR was established by e-eye, flash GC e-nose, and Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) combined with machine learning algorithms, which can quickly and accurately distinguish PCRs of different storage years. DFA and PLS-DA models were established by flash GC e-nose to distinguish PCRs of different ages, and 8 odor components were identified, among which (+)-limonene and γ-terpinene were the key components to distinguish PCRs of different ages. In addition, the classification and calibration model of PCRs were established by the combination of FT-NIR and machine learning algorithms. The classification models included SVM, KNN, LSTM, and CNN-LSTM, while the calibration models included PLSR, LSTM, and CNN-LSTM. Among them, the CNN-LSTM model built by internal capsule had significantly better classification and calibration performance than the other models. The accuracy of the classification model was 98.21 %. The R2P of age, (+)-limonene and γ-terpinene was 0.9912, 0.9875 and 0.9891, respectively. These results showed that the combination of flash GC e-nose and FT-NIR combined with deep learning algorithm could quickly and accurately distinguish PCRs of different ages. It also provided an effective and reliable method to monitor the quality of PCR in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Jiuhuashan Polygonati Rhizoma Research Institute, Chizhou 247100, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Jiuhuashan Polygonati Rhizoma Research Institute, Chizhou 247100, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Jiuhuashan Polygonati Rhizoma Research Institute, Chizhou 247100, China
| | - Yabo Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haiyan Shou
- College of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Jiuhuashan Polygonati Rhizoma Research Institute, Chizhou 247100, China
| | - Mingxuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, China
| | - Chengxi Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Jiuhuashan Polygonati Rhizoma Research Institute, Chizhou 247100, China
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Liu TW, Hsu SJ, Hsieh YSY, Liu HK, Lee CK. Polymethoxyflavone from Citrus depressa as an inhibitor against various variants of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117412. [PMID: 37995824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In traditional Taiwanese medicine, Citrus depressa Hayata serves as the raw material of Chen-Pi which has been widely used to treat respiratory ailments. Scientific investigations have validated the attributes of C. depressa, elucidating its valuable properties, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotion, hepatoprotection, and hypolipidemic effects. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to isolate a universal inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein from C. depressa and confirm the mechanism by which these inhibitors disrupt the binding of the spike protein to hACE2. MATERIALS AND METHODS The whole fruit of C. depressa was subjected to ethanol extraction, following by partitioning to obtain water, butanol, and ethyl acetate fractions. To identify the inhibitory components in citrus fruits, we performed both the SPR assay and the SARS-CoV-2 pseudo-virus assays. Subsequently, we employed a bioassay-guided approach to efficiently isolate and characterize the bioactive constituents that hindered the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and hACE2, using a combination of MPLC and Semi-preparative HPLC for compound isolation. ELISA based spike protein binding assay evaluate the inhibitory activities of the extract and potential constituents against multiple spike protein variants. To further shed light on the inhibitory mechanism, candidate inhibitors were validated through the SPR assay and molecular docking. RESULTS The crude extract and ethyl acetate layer derived from C. depressa showed significant inhibitory activity on SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5, with IC50 of 77.4 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL, respectively. Ten potential compounds from C. depressa have been identified with inhibitory activity against various SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. 2'-hydroxy-4,4',5',6'-tetramethoxychalcone (Cd3) and 5-hydroxy-3',4',6,7,8-pentamethoxyflavone (Cd8) also showed good inhibitory activity to the spike protein, with KD of 0.79 μM and 37.3 nM, respectively. These findings are in line with prior study, indicating Cd3 and Cd8 can bind to key amino acid residue, disrupting the formation of the spike protein and h-ACE2 complex. CONCLUSION This study presents the initial evidence showcasing the inhibitory effect of polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, the inhibitory activity of C. depressa extracts indicates their potential to prevent infections of different SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Wei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11042, Taiwan.
| | - Su-Jung Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11042, Taiwan.
| | - Yves S Y Hsieh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11042, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11042, Taiwan; Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, SE106 91, Sweden.
| | - Hui-Kang Liu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine (NRICM), Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei City, Taiwan; Ph. D. Program in the Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Kuo Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11042, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11042, Taiwan; Ph. D. Program in the Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Shen F, Wang T, Zhang R, Zhong B, Wu Z. Metabolism and release of characteristic components and their enzymatic mechanisms in Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae co-fermentation. Food Chem 2024; 432:137227. [PMID: 37657346 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
A co-fermentation strategy was explored to rapidly improve the characteristic components and quality of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (PCR) using Monascus anka and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the enzymatic mechanism was investigated. The results showed that the free flavonoid content of fermented PCR was 48.12% higher than that of unfermented PCR after 12 days of co-fermentation, resulting in stronger antioxidant activity. d-Limonene, γ-terpinene, proline (Pro), arginine (Arg), and serine (Ser) contributed the most to the flavors of citrus, herb, and sweet citrus based on odor and taste activity value analysis. Metabolomics and multivariate statistics showed that 55 components were differentially metabolized during co-fermentation, and ten metabolic pathways were closely related to metabolism. Furthermore, five hydrolases participated in the release and conversion of the active ingredients. This study provides an effective processing method for PCR and is conducive to the development of new PCR functional health foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shen
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Pan Asia (Jiangmen) Institute of Biological Engineering and Health, Jiangmen 529080, China
| | - Renjie Zhang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bin Zhong
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhenqiang Wu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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10
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Wang D, Yu Z, Guo J, Liu M, Guan M, Gu Y, Li S, Ren D, Yi L. Development and comparison of parallel reaction monitoring and data-independent acquisition methods for quantitative analysis of hydrophilic compounds in white tea. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1715:464601. [PMID: 38160583 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In the present work, parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) and data-independent acquisition (DIA) methods were developed for the accurate quantitation of amino acids, alkaloids nucleosides and nucleotides in tea. The quality peaks were significantly enhanced by optimizing the LC elution procedure, HCD voltage, MS resolution, and scanning event. Both methods were validated with good liner linearity (0.004-200 μg/mL), LODs (0.001-0.309 μg/mL for PRM and 0.001-0.564 μg/mL for DIA). Applied to white tea sample, the contents of these hydrophilic compounds were range from 34,655.39 to 70,586.14 mg/kg, and caffeine (32,529.02 mg/kg) and theanine (5483.46 mg/kg) were determined as the most abundant ones. Based on the quantitation data set, the white tea samples from Puer, Lincang and Xishuangbanna were clearly discriminated using multivariate data analysis. The results of the present works show that PRM and DIA have great potential in quantitative analysis of multiple hydrophilic compounds in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Zhihao Yu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Jie Guo
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Meiyan Liu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Mengdi Guan
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Ying Gu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Siyu Li
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Dabing Ren
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Lunzhao Yi
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
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11
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Zhang X, Wang L, Li R, Wang L, Fu Z, He F, Liu E, Han L. Identification strategy of Fructus Gardeniae and its adulterant based on UHPLC/Q-orbitrap-MS and UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS combined with PLS regression model. Talanta 2024; 267:125136. [PMID: 37703778 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Fructus Gardeniae (FG) is the desiccative and ripe fruits of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis in the Rubiaceae family, which is a commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for clearing away heat, detoxification, relieving restlessness, and eliminating blood stasis. At the same time, it has also been announced as the first batch of TCM with homology of medicine and food. Fructus Gardeniae Grandiflorae (FGG), the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var. grandiflora Nakai (Rubiaceae), is a common counterfeit herbal medicine of FG, which still appears in the TCM market, and causes a certain degree of confusion. In order to effectively distinguish FG and its adulterant, the compounds in these two species were thoroughly characterized firstly by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap MS). Furthermore, a pseudo-targeted metabonomics method with 60 targeted ion pairs was established based on UHPLC-triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTRAP-MS) for discrimination. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that FG and FGG were clustered obviously, and 13 significantly differential markers were screened out by variable importance for projection (VIP) > 1 and p < 0.05 for the construction of the partial least squares (PLS) regression prediction model. The validation of the model proved that its prediction ability was quite satisfactory. Moreover, based on the absolute quantitative analysis of these 13 characteristics, the quality control standards of FG and FFG were established. In summary, an integral method of pseudo-targeted metabonomics combined with chemometrics analysis and a PLS regression model was proposed to provide an effective identification strategy for discrimination FG and FGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, PR China
| | - Rongrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Liming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Zhifei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Feng He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Erwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
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12
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Liu Y, Liu J, Tang C, Uyanga VA, Xu L, Zhang F, Sun J, Chen Y. Flavonoids‑targeted metabolomic analysis following rice yellowing. Food Chem 2024; 430:136984. [PMID: 37557031 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are the main metabolites responsible for yellowing of rice. However, the accumulation pattern of flavonoids and the metabolic basis of flavonoid biosynthesis during rice yellowing remain unclear. Thus, flavonoid-targeted metabolomics was used to investigate the composition and concentration of flavonoids in rice during yellowing. The results indicated the differential flavonoids at Month 3 and Month 5 of storage were more in composition and concentration with higher antioxidant capacity. Accumulated flavonoids were mainly flavones, flavonols, isoflavones, and anthocyanidins, of which rutin, farrerol, naringenin, cyanidin 3-rutinoside, and diosmetin were the indicators of rice yellowing. Metabolic association among flavonoids demonstrated the formation of yellow pigments was jointly induced by flavones, flavonols, isoflavones, and anthocyanidins metabolism. Examination of flavonoid metabolism presented in this study enhanced current understanding of the relationship between flavonoid metabolites and development of rice yellowing. It also offers a theoretical basis for targeted prediction of rice yellowing in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Jinguang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Caiyun Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Victoria Anthony Uyanga
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Longhua Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yilun Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
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13
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Hao J, Na R, Sun L, Jia Y, Han F, Fu Z, Wang Z, Zhao M, Gao C, Ge G. Chemical profile and quantitative comparison of constituents in different medicinal parts of Lactuca indica during varied harvest periods using UPLC-MS/MS method. Food Chem X 2023; 20:101031. [PMID: 38144840 PMCID: PMC10740015 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactuca indica L. cv. Mengzao (LIM), acknowledged as a pivotal "One Root of Medicine and Food", boasts dual applications in both culinary and medicinal domains. This research delves into the influence of various harvest periods (vegetative, budding, blossom, and fruiting) on distinct medicinal parts (roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and seeds) of LIM, employing plant metabolomics to assess its chemical constituents. A total of 66 chemical constituents were identified in LIM, with 11 chemical components emerging as potential markers for distinguish medicinal parts. Notably, nutritional organs exhibited elevated levels of cichoric acid, rutin and chlorogenic acid. Specifically, leaves during the budding stage displayed the highest chicoric acid content at 11.70 mg·g-1. Conversely, reproductive organs showed heightened concentrations of cichoric acid, rutin and chlorogenic acid, with seeds exhibiting the peak cichoric acid content at 4.53 mg g-1. This study enriches our understanding of LIM by offering novel insights into quality assessment and the comprehensive utilization of its diverse parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Hao
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Risu Na
- Center of Ecology and Agrometeorology of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010000, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010000, China
| | - Yushan Jia
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Feng Han
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Zhihui Fu
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Muqier Zhao
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Cuiping Gao
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Gentu Ge
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
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14
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Zhang T, Yang X, Wang F, Liu P, Xie M, Lu C, Liu J, Sun J, Fan B. Comparison of the Metabolomics of Different Dendrobium Species by UPLC-QTOF-MS. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17148. [PMID: 38138977 PMCID: PMC10742841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium Sw. (family Orchidaceae) is a renowned edible and medicinal plant in China. Although widely cultivated and used, less research has been conducted on differential Dendrobium species. In this study, stems from seven distinct Dendrobium species were subjected to UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis. A total of 242 metabolites were annotated, and multivariate statistical analysis was employed to explore the variance in the extracted metabolites across the various groups. The analysis demonstrated that D. nobile displays conspicuous differences from other species of Dendrobium. Specifically, D. nobile stands out from the remaining six taxa of Dendrobium based on 170 distinct metabolites, mainly terpene and flavonoid components, associated with cysteine and methionine metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and galactose metabolism. It is believed that the variations between D. nobile and other Dendrobium species are mainly attributed to three metabolite synthesis pathways. By comparing the chemical composition of seven species of Dendrobium, this study identified the qualitative components of each species. D. nobile was found to differ significantly from other species, with higher levels of terpenoids, flavonoids, and other compounds that are for the cardiovascular field. By comparing the chemical composition of seven species of Dendrobium, these qualitative components have relevance for establishing quality standards for Dendrobium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.W.); (P.L.); (C.L.); (J.L.)
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Medicinal and Functional Food, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China;
| | - Xinxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.W.); (P.L.); (C.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.W.); (P.L.); (C.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.W.); (P.L.); (C.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Mengzhou Xie
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Medicinal and Functional Food, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China;
| | - Cong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.W.); (P.L.); (C.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiameng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.W.); (P.L.); (C.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.W.); (P.L.); (C.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Bei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.W.); (P.L.); (C.L.); (J.L.)
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15
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Cao X, Shi K, Xu Y, Zhang P, Zhang H, Pan S. Integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology to reveal antioxidant mechanisms and potential pharmacological ingredients of citrus herbs. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113514. [PMID: 37986422 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The benefits of citrus herbs are strongly associated with their secondary metabolites. In the study, we conducted widely-targeted metabolomics and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) to compare the variability of ingredients in four citrus herbs. In total, we discovered 1126 secondary metabolites, primarily comprising flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans and coumarins, and alkaloids. Differential metabolites of citrus herbs were searched by multivariate statistical analysis. Notably, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium contained higher levels of flavonoids, while Zhique and Huajuhong demonstrated a greater abundance of coumarins. Among the flavonoids determined by UPLC, Guangchenpi demonstrated significantly elevated levels of polymethoxyflavones (tangeretin and nobiletin) compared to other citrus herbs. Additionally, we determined their antioxidant capacity (Chenpi > Guangchenpi > Huajuhong > Zhique) using in vitro assays. Finally, we utilized network pharmacology to explore the antioxidant mechanisms and potential pharmacological ingredients, providing a basis for future preventive and therapeutic applications of these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Kaixin Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Yang Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Siyi Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
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16
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He G, Chen X, Hou X, Yu X, Han M, Qiu S, Li Y, Qin S, Wang F. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabolomic analysis reveals the effects of asomate on the citrus fruit. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100523. [PMID: 37275389 PMCID: PMC10232657 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of the sugar-acid ratio is of great significance to the improvement of citrus fruit quality. The citric acid level in fruit is influenced by many factors. Among them, cultivar selection and production practices are the most important strategies under the grower's control. In recent years, an arsenic-containing preparation called "Tianmisu", with the main ingredient of asomate, has occasionally been reported to be used in citrus cultivation to improve the sweetness of fruits. In order to reveal the effects of the pesticide on citrus fruits, 'Harumi' tangor was treated with "Tianmisu", and the impact of this pesticide on fruit quality and metabolites was investigated through UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabolomic analysis. Compared with the control, the concentration of titratable acidity, in particular citric acid, in the pulp of 'Harumi' tangor treated with the pesticide, was significantly reduced by 60.5%. The differences in metabolites between the pesticide-treated samples and the control were illustrated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). The PLS-DA analysis demonstrated a clear discrimination, with R2Y and Q2 values of 0.982 and 0.933 in the positive mode and 0.984 and 0.900 in the negative mode, respectively. A total of 155 compounds were identified, and 63 characteristic components were screened out from the pesticide-treated samples compared to the control. Aside from the upregulation observed for a few metabolites, the majority of the compounds, including citric acid and various lipids, were down-regulated in the treated citrus fruits compared to the control. This study can serve as a basis for understanding the regulatory mechanism of organic acids in citrus and will be helpful in developing different strategies to improve citrus quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyun He
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Chengdu), Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Xi Chen
- SCIEX Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Shanghai, 200335, China
| | - Xue Hou
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Chengdu), Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Mei Han
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Chengdu), Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Shiting Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Chengdu), Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Chengdu), Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Shudi Qin
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Chengdu), Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Fengyi Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Chengdu), Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610066, China
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17
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Yao J, Zhu J, Zhao M, Zhou L, Marchioni E. Untargeted Lipidomics Method for the Discrimination of Five Crab Species by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Combined with Chemometrics. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093653. [PMID: 37175063 PMCID: PMC10179896 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution accurate mass-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRAM/MS) was applied to characterize the lipid profiles of five crab species. A total of 203 lipid molecular species in muscle tissue and 176 in edible viscera were quantified. The results indicate that Cancer pagurus contained high levels of lipids with a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapntemacnioc acid (EPA) structure in the muscle tissue and edible viscera. A partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that PE 16:0/22:6, PE P-18:0/20:5, PA 16:0/22:6 and PC 16:0/16:1 could be used as potential biomarkers to discriminate the five kinds of crabs. In addition, some lipids, such as PE 18:0/20:5, PC 16:0/16:1, PE P-18:0/22:6 and SM 12:1;2O/20:0, could be used as characteristic molecules to distinguish between Cancer magister and Cancer pagurus, which are similar in appearance. This study provides a new perspective on discriminating crab species from MS-based lipidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Yao
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jinrui Zhu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Minjie Zhao
- Equipe de Chimie Analytique des Molécules Bioactives et Pharmacognoise, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (UMR 7178, CNRS/UDS), 74 Route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Li Zhou
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Eric Marchioni
- Equipe de Chimie Analytique des Molécules Bioactives et Pharmacognoise, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (UMR 7178, CNRS/UDS), 74 Route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France
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18
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Zhang Y, Tong X, Chen B, Wu S, Wang X, Zheng Q, Jiang F, Qiao Y. Novel application of HS-GC-IMS for characteristic fingerprints and flavor compound variations in Citrus reticulatae pericarpium during storage with different Aspergillus niger fermentation. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100653. [PMID: 36993870 PMCID: PMC10041455 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus reticulatae pericarpium (CRP) is regarded as a valuable functional food in many countries due to its pharmacological activities and unique aroma. In this study, CRP was treated by different A. niger to accelerate aging. Headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) fingerprinting was adopted to rapidly and comprehensively evaluate the flavor compounds of CRP and to identify their dynamic changes at different storage time. Results revealed that the hesperidin content of DOL groups reduced more clearly than other groups during storage. A total of 134 volatile flavor compounds were identified. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) showed that the lemon, sweet with the musk aroma of CRP, changed to apple, pineapple, and coffee odors during storage. The principal component analysis (PCA) and fingerprint similarity analysis (FSA) results showed that the CRP was clearly distinguished at different storage time. DOL-3 and DOS-6 differ the most from the DOW-3,6, respectively. This work provided helpful information for accelerating the aging of CRP and has great potential for industrial application.
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Xiong Y, Ma P, Huang L, Li Y, Wang X. Widely targeted metabolomics analysis of different parts of kudzu. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5545. [PMID: 36353775 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pueraria lobata is a traditional medicinal and edible plant. Its root is often used as a nutritional supplement, but its stems and leaves are often discarded. In this study, the types and contents of compounds in roots, stems and leaves of kudzu were studied by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 446 metabolites were identified, which were mainly divided into eight categories; 40 unique compounds were detected in roots. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences in the contents of metabolites in the roots, stems and leaves of kudzu, and the most significant differences were found in the roots and stems. Most flavonoids and terpenoids accumulated in roots, while alkaloids, flavonoid glycosides, lignans and coumarins accumulated in stems and leaves. In addition, isoflavones accumulated least in stems and most in roots. These results improved our understanding of the accumulation of metabolites in kudzu and provided a reference for the full study of the medicinal value of different parts of kudzu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiong
- Guizhou Institute of Pratacultural, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Peijie Ma
- Guizhou Institute of Pratacultural, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Limei Huang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yajiao Li
- Guizhou Institute of Pratacultural, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Guizhou Institute of Pratacultural, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
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20
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Liang S, Zhang J, Liu Y, Wen Z, Liu X, Dang F, Xie T, Wang J, Wang Z, Wu H. Study on Flavonoids and Bioactivity Features of Pericarp of Citrus reticulata "Chachi" at Different Harvest Periods. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3390. [PMID: 36501428 PMCID: PMC9737822 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dry mature pericarp of Citrus reticulata "Chachi" (PCR), Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Chachiensis, is a traditional Chinese medicine that displays characteristics of different usage at different harvest times in clinical use. The corresponding changes in the bioactive components in PCR from different harvest times remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, broadly targeted metabolomics technology was used to compare the differences in bioactive components among pericarps of PCR, which are the raw material of PCR at different growth stages. In the results, 210 kinds of flavonoid metabolites were detected. The content of hesperidin in red PCR harvested in December was higher than that in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride (CRPV) and reddish PCR harvested from July to November. Furthermore, the content of nobiletin, tangeretin, and 3,3',4',5,6,7,8-heptamethoxyflavone in CRPV from July to September was higher than that in the PCR harvested at other times. In addition, the result of cluster analysis and PCA showed that CRPV harvested from July to September had an obvious grouping pattern with the reddish PCR and the red PCR harvested from October to December. Differential metabolites in six comparison groups (A1 vs. A6, A1 vs. A2, A2 vs. A3, A3 vs. A4, A4 vs. A5, A5 vs. A6) were 67, 48, 14, 51, 42, and 40, respectively. The common differential metabolite of four comparison groups was 3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone (A1 vs. A2, A2 vs. A3, A3 vs. A4, A4 vs. A5). All the flavonoid differential metabolites screened were enriched in 16 metabolic pathways. Moreover, the results of the evaluation of the total antioxidant capacity indicated that CRPV in August was a suitable raw material for the production of antioxidants. Through molecular docking, the content of potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 components in the PCR in October was higher than that in the PCR in other periods. These results further proved that PCR at different harvest times was endowed with different efficacy and usage due to the difference in the accumulation of bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shejian Liang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, College of Life Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiongbin Zhang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, College of Life Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, College of Life Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhijia Wen
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, College of Life Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, College of Life Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fengliang Dang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, College of Life Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tianxiao Xie
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, College of Life Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jingxin Wang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, College of Life Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhanqian Wang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, College of Life Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, College of Life Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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21
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Yang Q, Wang Z, Chen X, Guo Z, Wen L, Kan J. Evaluation of bitter compounds in Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb. et Zucc. by instrumental and sensory analyses. Food Chem 2022; 390:133180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Ma E, Jin L, Qian C, Feng C, Zhao Z, Tian H, Yang D. Bioinformatics-Guided Identification of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium as a Functional Food Ingredient with Anti-Inflammatory Potential. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175435. [PMID: 36080202 PMCID: PMC9457579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) is one of the most commonly used food supplements and folk medicines worldwide, and possesses cardiovascular, digestive, and respiratory protective effects partially through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions. The unique aromatic flavor and mild side effects make CRP a promising candidate for the development of anti-inflammatory functional food. However, recent studies show that the crude alcoholic extract and some isolated compounds of CRP show compromised anti-inflammatory activity, which became the main factor hindering its further development. To identify the bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory potential, and improve the anti-inflammatory effects of the extract, a bioinformatics-guided extraction protocol was employed in this study. The potential bioactive candidates were identified by combing network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking, principal components analysis, k-means clustering, and in vitro testing of reference compounds. Our results demonstrated that 66 compounds in CRP could be grouped into four clusters according to their docking score profile against 24 receptors, while the cluster containing flavonoids and phenols might possess a more promising anti-inflammatory function. In addition, in vitro anti-inflammatory tests of the seven reference compounds demonstrated that hesperitin, naringenin, and gardenin B, which were grouped into a cluster containing flavonoids and phenols, significantly decreased LPS-induced NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 production of macrophages. While the compounds outside of that cluster, such as neohesperidin, naringin, hesperidin, and sinensetin showed little effect on alleviating LPS-induced NO and proinflammatory cytokine production. Based on the chemical properties of selected compounds, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) was selected as the solvent for extraction, because of its promising solubility of flavonoids and phenols. Furthermore, the ethanol alcoholic extract was used as a reference. The chemical profiling of EtOAc and crude alcoholic extract by HPLC/MS/MS also demonstrated the decreased abundance of flavonoid glycosides in EtOAc extract but increased abundance of phenols, phenolic acid, and aglycones. In accordance with the prediction, the EtOAc extract of CRP, but not the crude alcoholic extract, significantly decreased the NO, IL-6, and TNF-α production. Taken together, the results suggested selective extraction of phenols and flavonoids rich extract was able to increase the anti-inflammatory potential of CRP partially because of the synergistic effects between flavonoids, phenols, and enriched polymethoxyflavones. Our study might pave the road for the development of ethyl acetate extract of CRP as a novel functional food with anti-inflammatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyao Ma
- Guangdong Hanchao Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510163, China
| | - Lu Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Chunguo Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chong Feng
- Guangzhou Caizhilin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510360, China
| | - Zhimin Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongru Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Depo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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23
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Liang PL, Liang QW, He PW, Chen XL, Xu Y, Tu HS, Zhang L, Qiu XH, Zhang J, Huang ZH, Xu W. Three polymethoxyflavones from the peel of Citrus reticulata “Chachi” inhibits oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced macrophage-derived foam cell formation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:924551. [PMID: 35966555 PMCID: PMC9366847 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.924551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Foam cell formation is the hallmark of the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory effects of three polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), namely, tangeretin (TAN), 5,6,7,3′,4′,5′-hexamethoxyflavone (HxMF), and 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-heptamethoxyflavone (HpMF) on macrophage-derived foam cell formation and to further explore the molecular mechanisms. The RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cell model was successfully induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) (80 μg/ml). It showed that TAN, HxMF, and HpMF alleviated ox-LDL-induced NO release while also inhibiting the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells. Uptake of excess ox-LDL was inhibited by TAN, HxMF, and HpMF, resulting in the reduction of its foam cell formation. Moreover, TAN, HxMF, and HpMF promoted HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux. Western blot experiment showed that TAN, HxMF, and HpMF inhibited the expression of scavenger receptor class A type I (SRA1) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), while upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), liver X receptor α (LXRα), phospholipid ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), and scavenger receptor class B type I (SRB1) expression. Together, our findings suggested that PMFs inhibited foam cell formation might inhibit lipid uptake via downregulating SRA1/CD36 expression and promote cholesterol efflux from foam cells via upregulating PPARγ/LXRα/ABCG1/SRB1 expression. This antiatherosclerotic activity is expected to provide new insights into the development of healthcare uses for PMFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu-Lin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Wen Liang
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Wen He
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Lian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Xu
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Sheng Tu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi-Hai Huang,
| | - Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Wen Xu,
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24
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Liang PL, Chen XL, Gong MJ, Xu Y, Tu HS, Zhang L, Liao BS, Qiu XH, Zhang J, Huang ZH, Xu W. Guang Chen Pi (the pericarp of Citrus reticulata Blanco's cultivars 'Chachi') inhibits macrophage-derived foam cell formation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115328. [PMID: 35489660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The dried pericarp of Citrus reticulata Blanco (CP) occupies an important position in the history of clinical applications of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In traditional use, CP is used to treat diseases related to the digestive, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems, as well as to regulate Qi and promote blood circulation throughout the body. In China, a special cultivar of CP named Guang Chen Pi (GCP) which is collected exclusively from Citrus reticulata Blanco's cultivars 'Chachi', is considered to be the best CP with high medicinal and dietary value. Modern pharmacology shows that CP has high effect on regulating metabolic disorders and cardiovascular systems diseases. Atherosclerosis (AS) is not only an inflammatory disease but also cardiovascular lipid metabolism disorder. Foam cells formation is the hallmark of AS. Several reports indicated that CP can mitigate the development of AS, but involved signaling pathway and its role in foam cell formation is unclear. Since the main components of GCP has protective effects in cardiovascular diseases, we evaluated its effect of inhibiting foam cell formation to support the traditional usage of GCP. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this study aims to investigate the effects of GCP on suppressing RAW264.7 foam cell formation and anti-inflammatory in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS To evaluate the anti-foam cell formation and anti-inflammatory activity of GCP, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) induced RAW264.7 macrophages model was involved. Meantime, foam cell developing status was also closely monitored. RT-qPCR and Western blot were then applied to further investigate receptors in associated signaling pathways. RESULTS GCP shown inhibitory effect on macrophage-derived foam cell formation in Oil Red O staining analysis, which was further confirmed by flow cytometry of Dil-ox-LDL staining and TG and TC analysis. The HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux was also promoted by GCP. Mechanistic studies showed that GCP significantly down-regulate SRA1 and CD36 protein expression, while significantly increasing the expression of PPARγ, LXRα, SRB1 and ABCG1. Also, GCP reduced ox-LDL-induced inflammatory factors level, and inhibited phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, JNK1/2, NF-κB p65 and IKKα/β. CONCLUSIONS GCP exhibited anti-atherogenic ability by interfering RAW264.7 foam cell formation, through inhibiting lipid uptake and promoting HDL-mediated cholesterol. PPARγ-LXRα-ABCG1/SRB1 pathway and its anti-inflammatory effect may involve. This proposed anti-foam cell formation activity is expected to provide new insight on comprehensive utilization of GCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu-Lin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xue-Lian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Ming-Jiong Gong
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Ya Xu
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Hai-Sheng Tu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Bao-Sheng Liao
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xiao-Hui Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zhi-Hai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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25
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Chemical comparison of Astragali Radix by UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS with different growing patterns. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Zhan J, Liang Z, Li J, Zeng X, Ou G, Zhong C. Pulsed electric field‐ultrasonic assisted extraction combined with macroporous resin for the preparation of flavonoids from
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Zhan
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Manufacturing Foshan China
| | - Zijian Liang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Jian Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Manufacturing Foshan China
| | - Xinan Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Manufacturing Foshan China
| | - Guoliang Ou
- Jiangmen Palace International Food, Inc Jiangmen China
| | - Chuming Zhong
- Jiangmen Palace International Food, Inc Jiangmen China
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27
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Jiang Z, Han Z, Wen M, Ho CT, Wu Y, Wang Y, Xu N, Xie Z, Zhang J, Zhang L, Wan X. Comprehensive comparison on the chemical metabolites and taste evaluation of tea after roasting using untargeted and pseudotargeted metabolomics. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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28
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Lu Q, Wang S, Yin Z, Chen Q, He X, Wang Q, Hu Q, Gu Y, Tang H, Xie H. Identification of Veratrum Species in Pimacao Based on ITS2 Sequences and Steroidal Alkaloids by a Pseudo-Targeted Metabolomics Method. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:831562. [PMID: 35481147 PMCID: PMC9037537 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.831562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pimacao is a traditional Chinese folk medicine and is the main component of the famous Chinese herbal remedy "Yunnan Baiyao" for its significant analgesic activity in the treatment of wounds. Due to increases in consumption, its wild population is now difficult to find, and adulterant from the same genus has occurred. However, this is challenging to distinguish the species of Veratrum in Pimacao using dried roots and rhizomes or medicinal powder. ITS2 sequences and steroidal alkaloids by the non-targeted and pseudo-targeted metabolomics methods were taken advantage of establishing an effective identification method. Based on the ITS2 sequence, metabolite profiling of steroidal alkaloids and morphological characteristics, the classification of two distinct subspecies in V. mengzeanum has been reinforced. In addition, the new subspecies V. mengzeanum subsp. phuwae was collected in China for the first time. The ITS2 sequence could be used in the identification of V. taliense, V. mengtzeanum, V. stenophyllum, and V. nigrum, but is insufficient for intraspecific identification. Simultaneously, 147 variables were labeled by non-targeted analysis accomplished utilizing an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QE-Orbitrap-MS) system consisting of an Orbitrap QE HF-X. Followed by a pseudo-targeted analysis method developed for the Qtrap 6500-plus mass spectrometry system coupled with an ESI source, 29 labeled steroidal alkaloids detected by the MRM mode could distinguish between four species. Notably, 25 labeled steroidal alkaloids could distinguish between three closely related species. These have the potential to be used as markers for identification. Furthermore, there were several variables with statistical differences between two subspecies of V. mengtzeanum and populations of V. taliense, V. mengtzeanum, and V. stenophyllum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinwei Lu
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuaiyao Wang
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zili Yin
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Qinsheng Chen
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingchao He
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Baiyao Group Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyu Hu
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiru Tang
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Widely Targeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Differences of Nonvolatile Compounds in Oolong Tea in Different Production Areas. Foods 2022; 11:foods11071057. [PMID: 35407144 PMCID: PMC8998066 DOI: 10.3390/foods11071057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The flavor differences in Oolong tea from different producing areas are caused by its complex differential compounds. In this study, representative samples of Oolong tea from four countries were collected, and their differential nonvolatile compounds were analyzed by a combination of widely targeted metabolomics, chemometrics, and quantitative taste evaluation. A total of 801 nonvolatile compounds were detected, which could be divided into 16 categories. We found that the difference in these compounds’ content among Oolong teas from three producing areas in China was the largest. There were 370 differential compounds related to the producing areas of Oolong tea, which were mainly distributed in 67 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathways. In total, 81 differential nonvolatile compounds made important contributions to the taste differences in Oolong tea from different producing areas, among which the number of flavonoids was the largest. Finally, the characteristic compounds of Oolong tea in six producing areas were screened. This study comprehensively identifies the nonvolatile compounds of Oolong tea in different producing areas for the first time, which provides a basis for the analysis of flavor characteristics, quality directional control, and the identification and protection of geographical landmark agricultural products of Oolong tea from different producing areas.
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Kim SS, Kim HJ, Park KJ, Kang SB, Park Y, Han SG, Kim M, Song YH, Kim DS. Metabolomic Profiling of Citrus unshiu during Different Stages of Fruit Development. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070967. [PMID: 35406947 PMCID: PMC9002680 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Citrus fruits undergo significant metabolic profile changes during their development process. However, limited information is available on the changes in the metabolites of Citrus unshiu during fruit development. Here, we analyzed the total phenolic content (TPC), total carotenoid content (TCC), antioxidant activity, and metabolite profiles in C. unshiu fruit flesh during different stages of fruit development and evaluated their correlations. The TPC and antioxidant activity significantly decreased during fruit development, whereas the TCC increased. The metabolite profiles, including sugars, acidic compounds, amino acids, flavonoids, limonoids, carotenoids, and volatile compounds (mono- and sesquiterpenes), in C. unshiu fruit flesh also changed significantly, and a citrus metabolomic pathway related to fruit development was proposed. Based on the data, C. unshiu fruit development was classified into three groups: Group 1 (Aug. 1), Group 2 (Aug. 31 and Sep. 14), and Group 3 (Oct. 15 and Nov. 16). Although citrus peel was not analyzed and the sensory and functional qualities during fruit development were not investigated, the results of this study will help in our understanding of the changes in chemical profile during citrus fruit development. This can provide vital information for various applications in the C. unshiu industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Suk Kim
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Seogwipo 63607, Korea; (S.S.K.); (K.J.P.); (S.B.K.); (Y.P.); (S.-G.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Kyung Jin Park
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Seogwipo 63607, Korea; (S.S.K.); (K.J.P.); (S.B.K.); (Y.P.); (S.-G.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Seok Beom Kang
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Seogwipo 63607, Korea; (S.S.K.); (K.J.P.); (S.B.K.); (Y.P.); (S.-G.H.); (M.K.)
| | - YoSup Park
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Seogwipo 63607, Korea; (S.S.K.); (K.J.P.); (S.B.K.); (Y.P.); (S.-G.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Seong-Gab Han
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Seogwipo 63607, Korea; (S.S.K.); (K.J.P.); (S.B.K.); (Y.P.); (S.-G.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Misun Kim
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Seogwipo 63607, Korea; (S.S.K.); (K.J.P.); (S.B.K.); (Y.P.); (S.-G.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Yeong Hun Song
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Dong-Shin Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-2555
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Phytochemical profile of Tibetan native fruit "Medog lemon" and its comparison with other cultivated species in China. Food Chem 2022; 372:131255. [PMID: 34627084 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tibet's native fruit resources have not been explored and remain underutilized due to geographical isolation. "Medog lemon" (ML), an ethno-species of wild citron, is an important functional food and dietary resource for the local people in southeastern Tibet. Herein comprehensive characterization of components of ML were firstly performed with an integrated strategy based on UHPLC-QE Orbitrap MS. A total of 196 components were characterized, among which 33 were detected from Citrus genus for the first time, and 55 were identified as potential new phytochemicals. The chemical comparison of ML with cultivated citron and fingered citron based on partial least squares-discriminant analysis model and univariate analysis revealed the distinct chemical composition of ML and in which more than 30 differentiated components were identified. The distinct morphological and chemical characters, as well as its good antioxidant properties, indicated ML as a potential new food resource that can be beneficial for human health.
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Liang S, Wen Z, Tang T, Liu Y, Dang F, Xie T, Wu H. Study on flavonoid and bioactivity features of the pericarp of Citri Reticulatae ‘chachi' during storage. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Yang M, Jiang Z, Wen M, Wu Z, Zha M, Xu W, Zhang L. Chemical Variation of Chenpi (Citrus Peels) and Corresponding Correlated Bioactive Compounds by LC-MS Metabolomics and Multibioassay Analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:825381. [PMID: 35284442 PMCID: PMC8905505 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.825381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The peel of Citrus reticulata “Chachi” (CP) possesses various health-promoting benefits and is not only one of the most famous Chinese herbal medicine, but also an ingredient in fermented foods. In the present study, the effects of storage years (1-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, and 11-years) on the chemical profiling and potential bioactive compounds of CP were compared by metabolomics and in vitro bioactivity analysis. With the increase of storage time, the content of hesperidin significantly decreased, but nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-heptamethoxyflavone, and tangeretin were increased. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity of CP was enhanced. Phenolic acids, flavonol glycosides, fatty acids, and alkyl glycosides were marker compounds that were responsible for distinguishing the storage time of CP. Correlation analysis suggested that some polyphenols including quercetin-glucoside, quinic acid, trihydroxydimethoxyflavone, and rutin were potential antioxidant compounds in CP. The dichloromethane and n-butanol fractions showed the better antioxidant capacity and inhibitory effects on glucose-hydrolysis enzymes. They mainly contained ferulic acid, nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-heptamethoxyflavone, kaempferol, and hesperidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zongde Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mingchun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- Zhenfeng Wu
| | - Minyu Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wen Xu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Zhang
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Li X, Yang Y, Zhu Y, Ben A, Qi J. A novel strategy for discriminating different cultivation and screening odor and taste flavor compounds in Xinhui tangerine peel using E-nose, E-tongue, and chemometrics. Food Chem 2022; 384:132519. [PMID: 35219989 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A rapid strategy for discriminating Quanzhi (QZ) and Bozhi (BZ) of different cultivation of Xinhui tangerine peel was established by combining electronic nose, electronic tongue and chemometrics, which can be used as tool in the market to identify food fraud. 30 volatiles and 34 low molecular weight compounds of characteristic fingerprints of Xinhui tangerine peel of 108 samples were identified using GC-MS and UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Key compounds of BZ and QZ were screened and further compared by chemometrics. We discriminated odor and taste of BZ and QZ using electronic nose and electronic tongue, respectively. Our studies showed that β-myrcene, limonene, β-trans-Ocimene, γ-terpinene and terpinolene, etc, were screened the chief volatile flavor compounds by Spearman's rank correlation. Hydroxymethyl furfural, hesperitin, nobiletin and tangeretin, etc, were screened the key taste flavor compounds based gray relational analysis and partial least squares regression. Our study provides further insight for quality evaluation of Xinhui tangerine peel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yahui Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yitian Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Ailing Ben
- Nanjing XiaoZhuang University, College of Food Science, Nanjing Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, PR China.
| | - Jin Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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Wang C, Pang X, Zhu T, Ma S, Liang Y, Zhang Y, Lan X, Wang T, Han L. Rapid discovery of potential ADR compounds from injection of total saponins from Panax notoginseng using data-independent acquisition untargeted metabolomics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:1081-1093. [PMID: 34697654 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03734-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Injection of total saponins from Panax notoginseng (ISPN) is a modern preparation derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and is widely applied in the treatment of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, ophthalmology, and endocrine system diseases. With the increase in the clinical application of ISPN, its adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and related safety issues have attracted much attention. In the present study, a data-independent acquisition (DIA) strategy was proposed to comprehensively characterize the saponins contained in ISPN based on the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-Orbitrap MS (UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap MS) platform. As many as 276 saponins were detected, and 250 compounds were identified or tentatively identified based on the retention times and MS/MS data. Furthermore, a metabolomic strategy was utilized to discover the discriminative saponins between normal and ADR batches. The results showed that six saponins, including ginsenoside Rh4, ginsenoside Rk3, ginsenoside Rg5, ginsenoside Rk1, ginsenoside Rg6, and 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2, were significantly different between the two groups. According to cytotoxicity analysis and degranulation detection of RBL-2H3 cells, ginsenoside Rg5, ginsenoside Rk1, and 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 were considered the potential compounds responsible for clinical ADRs, ultimately. In addition, the quantitative analysis showed that the content of these three compounds in ISPN samples with ADRs was generally higher than that in samples without ADRs. This study demonstrated that it is advisable to screen out potential markers related to ADRs for developing the quality standard of ISPN by the integration of untargeted metabolomic analysis and cell biology study, and thus reduce its ADRs in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongtong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhua Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment of Major Disease, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 16 Nanxiao Road, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Liang
- Guangxi Wuzhou Pharmaceutical (Group) Co., LTD., No.1 Industrial Avenue, Wuzhou Industrial Park, Guangxi, 543002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Lan
- Guangxi Wuzhou Pharmaceutical (Group) Co., LTD., No.1 Industrial Avenue, Wuzhou Industrial Park, Guangxi, 543002, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Bian X, Xie X, Cai J, Zhao Y, Miao W, Chen X, Xiao Y, Li N, Wu JL. Dynamic changes of phenolic acids and antioxidant activity of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium during aging processes. Food Chem 2021; 373:131399. [PMID: 34717083 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Citri reticulatae pericarpium (CRP) shows multiple bioactivities, including antioxidant, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammation. The folk proverb "CRP, the older, the better" means storing for longer time would improve its quality, which attributed to the influence of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to study which compounds are the factors that long storage would influence the quality of CRP. 161 compounds, including 65 flavonoids, 51 phenolic acids, 27 fatty acids, and 18 amino acids were identified through derivatization and non-derivatization liquid chromatography mass spectrometry approaches. Their dynamic changes indicated phenolic acids, which were reported to have various activities, were the main increased components. Furthermore, the representative phenolic acids were quantified and correlation analysis between their contents and antioxidant activity implicated they were the possible indicators that long storage would improve CRP quality. The results would provide basis for quality control of CRP during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqing Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Xinyi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Jialing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Yiran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Wen Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China.
| | - Jian-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China.
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Xu Y, Liang PL, Chen XL, Gong MJ, Zhang L, Qiu XH, Zhang J, Huang ZH, Xu W. The Impact of Citrus-Tea Cofermentation Process on Chemical Composition and Contents of Pu-Erh Tea: An Integrated Metabolomics Study. Front Nutr 2021; 8:737539. [PMID: 34604284 PMCID: PMC8484324 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.737539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganpu tea, an emerging pu-erh compound tea, which is cofermented with the peel of Citrus reticulata "Chachi," has been widely favored by Chinese consumers due to its potential health effects and distinct flavor and taste. So far, the influence of this cofermentation procedure on the chemical profile of pu-erh tea has barely been addressed yet. In this work, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Q Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE Orbitrap MS)-based qualitative and quantitative method combined with multivariate analysis was conducted to comprehensively investigate the chemical changes in pu-erh tea after cofermented with Citrus peel. A total of 171 compounds were identified based on a three-level strategy, among which seven phenolic acids, 11 flavan-3-ols, and 27 flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides were identified from pu-erh tea for the first time. Eighty-nine main constituents were selected for further quantitative analysis using a validated method. Both the principal component analysis (PCA) of untargeted metabolomics and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models of targeted components revealed the significant chemical profile disparity between the raw pu-erh tea and Ganpu tea. It showed that Citrus tea cofermentation process significantly decreased the total contents of phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols, and flavonoid aglycones, while most of the quercetin glycosides and myricetin glycosides as well as the vitexin were significantly increased. In addition, hesperidin, a flavonoid glycoside only existed in Citrus, was first found in pu-erh tea after cofermented with Citrus. This study clearly profiled the chemical composition and content changes of pu-erh tea after cofermented with Citrus peel, which revealed that Citrus tea cofermentation process further accelerated the fermentation of pu-erh tea and improved the unique flavor of tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Xu
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pu-Lin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Lian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Jiong Gong
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Yang F, Zhao M, Zhou L, Zhang M, Liu J, Marchioni E. Identification and Differentiation of Wide Edible Mushrooms Based on Lipidomics Profiling Combined with Principal Component Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9991-10001. [PMID: 34410111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mushroom, as a kind of higher fungus, is a precious homology resource of medicine and foods. In this study, total lipids were extracted from eight wild edible mushrooms and subsequently characterized by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Quadrupole-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry. 20 lipid classes and 173 molecular species were identified and quantified. Lipid molecules and their concentrations in Boletus speciosus, Boletus bainiugan, and Tricholoma matsutake exhibited significantly different behaviors compared with the remaining mushrooms. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that lipid profiles of B. bainiugan were most similar to B. speciosus followed by T. matsutake, Canthar-ellus cibarius, Sarcodon aspratu, Termitomyces eurrhizus, Laccaria laccata, and Thelephora ganbajun. In addition, several differential lipids can be considered as potential biomarkers to distinguish different mushroom species, for instance, lysophosphatidylethanolamine (16:1) and ceramide non-hydroxy fatty acid-dihydrosphingosine (d23:0-10:0). This study provided a new perspective to discriminate the mushroom species from the perspective of lipidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Minjie Zhao
- Equipe de Chimie Analytique des Molécules Bioactives et Pharmacognoise, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (UMR 7178, CNRS/UDS), 74 route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Li Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Minghao Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jikai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Eric Marchioni
- Equipe de Chimie Analytique des Molécules Bioactives et Pharmacognoise, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (UMR 7178, CNRS/UDS), 74 route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France
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Zhong P, Wei X, Xu Y, Zhang L, Koidis A, Liu Y, Lei Y, Wu S, Lei H. Integration of Untargeted and Pseudotargeted Metabolomics for Authentication of Three Shrimp Species Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8861-8873. [PMID: 34319107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an untargeted and pseudotargeted metabolomics combination approach was used for authentication of three shrimp species (Litopenaeus vanmamei, Penaeus japonicus, and Penaeus monodon). The monophasic extraction-based untargeted metabolomics approach enabled comprehensive-coverage and high-throughput analysis of shrimp tissue and revealed 26 potential markers. The pseudotargeted metabolomics approach confirmed 21 markers (including 9 key markers), which realized at least putative identification. The 21 confirmed markers, as well as 9 key markers, were used to develop PLS-DA models, correctly classifying 60/60 testing samples. Furthermore, DD-SIMCA and PLS-DA models were integrated based on the 9 key markers, with 59/60 and 20/20 samples of the species that were involved and uninvolved in model training correctly classified. The results demonstrated the potential of this untargeted and pseudotargeted metabolomics combination approach for shrimp species authentication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhong
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoqun Wei
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Anastasios Koidis
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yunle Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yi Lei
- Guangdong Institute of Food Inspection, Guangzhou 510435, China
| | - Shaozong Wu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Effects of Dufulin on Oxidative Stress and Metabolomic Profile of Tubifex. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060381. [PMID: 34208357 PMCID: PMC8231163 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dufulin is a highly effective antiviral pesticide used in plants. In this study, a seven-day experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Dufulin at five different concentrations (1 × 10−4, 1 × 10−3, 1 × 10−2, 0.1, and 1 mg/L) on Tubifex. LC-MS-based metabolome analysis detected a total of 5356 features in positive and 9110 features in negative, of which 41 showed significant changes and were identified as differential metabolites. Four metabolic pathways were selected for further study. Detailed analysis revealed that Dufulin exposure affected the urea cycle of Tubifex, probably via argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) inhibition. It also affected the fatty acid metabolism, leading to changes in the concentration of free fatty acids in Tubifex. Furthermore, the changes in metabolites after exposure to Dufulin at 1 × 10−2 mg/L were different from those at the other concentrations.
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41
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Wang C, Zhang Y, Ding H, Song M, Yin J, Yu H, Li Z, Han L, Zhang Z. Authentication of Zingiber Species Based on Analysis of Metabolite Profiles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:705446. [PMID: 34880881 PMCID: PMC8647842 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.705446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Zingiber corallinum and Zingiber montanum, which belong to the Zingiberaceae family, are traditional Chinese folk medicinal herbs in Guizhou and Yunnan Province of China. They share great similarities in morphology, chemical constituent, and DNA barcoding sequence. The taxonomy of the two Zingiber species is controversial and discrimination of traditional Chinese medicines directly affects the pharmacological and clinical effects. In the present study, we performed a systemic analysis of "super-barcode" and untargeted metabolomics between Z. corallinum and Z. montanum using chloroplast (cp) genome sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Comparison and phylogenetic analysis of cp genomes of the two Zingiber species showed that the cp genome could not guarantee the accuracy of identification. An untargeted metabolomics strategy combining GC-MS with chemometric methods was proposed to distinguish the Zingiber samples of known variety. A total of 51 volatile compounds extracted from Z. corallinum and Z. montanum were identified, and nine compounds were selected as candidate metabolic markers to reveal the significant difference between Z. corallinum and Z. montanum. The performance of the untargeted metabolomic approach was verified with unknown Zingiber samples. Although the cp genomes could not be used to identify Zingiber species in this study, it will still provide a valuable genomics resource for population studies in the Zingiberaceae family, and the GC-MS based metabolic fingerprint is more promising for species identification and safe application of Z. corallinum and Z. montanum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan Branch of Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Meifang Song
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan Branch of Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong, China
| | - Jiaxin Yin
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Heshui Yu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lifeng Han
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhonglian Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan Branch of Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong, China
- *Correspondence: Zhonglian Zhang,
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Wu X, Zhang Y, Qiu J, Xu Y, Zhang J, Huang J, Bai J, Huang Z, Qiu X, Xu W. Lipidomics Analysis Indicates Disturbed Hepatocellular Lipid Metabolism in Reynoutria multiflora-Induced Idiosyncratic Liver Injury. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:569144. [PMID: 33408629 PMCID: PMC7779765 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.569144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The root of Reynoutria multiflora (Thunb.) Moldenke (syn.: Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., HSW) is a distinguished herb that has been popularly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Evidence of its potential side effect on liver injury has accumulated and received much attention. The objective of this study was to profile the metabolic characteristics of lipids in injured liver of rats induced by HSW and to find out potential lipid biomarkers of toxic consequence. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat model of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (IDILI) was constructed and evident liver injury caused by HSW was confirmed based on the combination of biochemical, morphological, and functional tests. A lipidomics method was developed for the first time to investigate the alteration of lipid metabolism in HSW-induced IDILI rat liver by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/Q-exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry coupled with multivariate analysis. A total of 202 characterized lipids, including phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylinositol (PI), lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphoglycerols (PG), and ceramide (Cer), were compared among groups of LPS and LPS + HSW. A total of 14 out 26 LPC, 22 out of 47 PC, 19 out of 29 LPE, 16 out of 36 PE, and 10 out of 15 PI species were increased in HSW-treated rat liver, which indicated that HSW may cause liver damage via interfering the phospholipid metabolism. The present work may assist lipid biomarker development of HSW-induced DILI and it also provide new insights into the relationships between phospholipid perturbation and herbal-induced idiosyncratic DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yating Zhang
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Qiu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Xu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Huang
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junqi Bai
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Xu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Guangzhou, China
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Zheng YF, Li DY, Sun J, Cheng JM, Chai C, Zhang L, Peng GP. Comprehensive Comparison of Two Color Varieties of Perillae Folium Using Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadruple-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (RRLC-Q/TOF-MS)-Based Metabolic Profile and in Vivo/ in Vitro Anti-Oxidative Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14684-14697. [PMID: 33237758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Perillae Folium (PF), which is extensively used as a dietary vegetable and medicinal herb, contains two varietal forms corresponding to purple perilla leaf (Perilla frutescens var. crispa) and green perilla leaf (Perilla frutescens var. frutescens). However, the components and efficacy of different PF varieties remain underexplored so far. In the present work, a nontargeted rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q/TOF-MS)-based metabolomics approach was developed to investigate the difference in the chemical compositions between green PF and purple PF. A total of 71 compounds were identified or tentatively identified, among which 7 phenolic acids, 10 flavonoids, and 9 anthocyanins were characterized as differential metabolites. In addition, heatmap visualization and ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-TQ-MS/MS)-based quantitative analysis revealed that flavonoids and anthocyanins especially had higher contents in purple PF. Furthermore, the anti-oxidative activities of two varietal PFs were evaluated in vivo zebrafish and in vitro human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The results showed that the purple PF had more pronounced anti-oxidative activities than did the green PF, which may be due to the presence of anthocyanins and a higher concentration of flavonoids in its phytochemical profile. The outcome of the present study is expected to provide useful insight on the comprehensive utilization of a PF resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Feng Zheng
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Dan-Yang Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jie Sun
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jian-Ming Cheng
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Chuan Chai
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Li Zhang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Guo-Ping Peng
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
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Sun F, Chen H, Chen D, Tan H, Huang Y, Cozzolino D. Lipidomic Changes in Banana ( Musa cavendish) during Ripening and Comparison of Extraction by Folch and Bligh-Dyer Methods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11309-11316. [PMID: 32907317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Banana (Musa cavendish) is one of the most popular fruits globally and is an important foodstuff in many regions, attributed to its high nutritional value. Contrast to its high consumption volume, relatively little research has been conducted on banana lipidome. In this study, two classic lipid extraction methods, Folch and Bligh-Dyer, were compared for studying the banana lipidome in both the peel and pulp by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Lipidomic profiles were also investigated to understand the changes of lipid molecules during three ripening stages (unripe, ripe, and overripe), and differences in lipids from different origins were also compared. This study suggested that although both Folch and Bligh-Dyer methods allow lipidome investigation, the latter demonstrated advantage in rendering higher extraction efficiency for the majority of lipid molecules in banana samples, particularly in the pulp. In peel, there were differences in the trends of each lipid classes at various stages of maturity, while the majority of lipid classes in pulp reached the highest levels with reduced desaturation at ripe stage, consistent with previous studies. Moreover, the lipidomic profiles of bananas in different habitats differed significantly according to partial least-squares discriminant analysis. This study for the first time provided comprehensive atlas of lipidomic changes of Musa cavendish during maturity and in different origins. These findings will facilitate better understanding of biochemical changes in banana and offer new tools for food chemical analyses in the understanding of mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiang Sun
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Hexia Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Hongli Tan
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yichao Huang
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Daniel Cozzolino
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
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