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Zhou Z, Li Z, Zhong Y, Xu S, Li Z. Engineering of the Lrp/AsnC-type transcriptional regulator DecR as a genetically encoded biosensor for multilevel optimization of L-cysteine biosynthesis pathway in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:2133-2146. [PMID: 38634289 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
L-cysteine is an important sulfur-containing amino acid being difficult to produce by microbial fermentation. Due to the lack of high-throughput screening methods, existing genetically engineered bacteria have been developed by simply optimizing the expression of L-cysteine-related genes one by one. To overcome this limitation, in this study, a biosensor-based approach for multilevel biosynthetic pathway optimization of L-cysteine from the DecR regulator variant of Escherichia coli was applied. Through protein engineering, we obtained the DecRN29Y/C81E/M90Q/M99E variant-based biosensor with improved specificity and an 8.71-fold increase in dynamic range. Using the developed biosensor, we performed high-throughput screening of the constructed promoter and RBS combination library, and successfully obtained the optimized strain, which resulted in a 6.29-fold increase in L-cysteine production. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and electrophoretic mobility shift analysis (EMSA) showed that the N29Y/C81E/M90Q/M99E variant had enhanced induction activity. This enhancement may be due to the increased binding of the variant to DNA in the presence of L-cysteine, which enhances transcriptional activation. Overall, our biosensor-based strategy provides a promising approach for optimizing biosynthetic pathways at multiple levels. The successful implementation of this strategy demonstrates its potential for screening improved recombinant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zonglin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yahui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Shanghai, China
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2
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Zuo S, Zhao J, Zhang P, Liu W, Bi K, Wei P, Lian J, Xu Z. Efficient production of l-glutathione by whole-cell catalysis with ATP regeneration from adenosine. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:2121-2132. [PMID: 38629468 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
l-glutathione (GSH) is an important tripeptide compound with extensive applications in medicine, food additives, and cosmetics industries. In this work, an innovative whole-cell catalytic strategy was developed to enhance GSH production by combining metabolic engineering of GSH biosynthetic pathways with an adenosine-based adenosine triphosphate (ATP) regeneration system in Escherichia coli. Concretely, to enhance GSH production in E. coli, several genes associated with GSH and l-cysteine degradation, as well as the branched metabolic flow, were deleted. Additionally, the GSH bifunctional synthase (GshFSA) and GSH ATP-binding cassette exporter (CydDC) were overexpressed. Moreover, an adenosine-based ATP regeneration system was first introduced into E. coli to enhance GSH biosynthesis without exogenous ATP additions. Through the optimization of whole-cell catalytic conditions, the engineered strain GSH17-FDC achieved an impressive GSH titer of 24.19 g/L only after 2 h reaction, with a nearly 100% (98.39%) conversion rate from the added l-Cys. This work not only unveils a new platform for GSH production but also provides valuable insights for the production of other high-value metabolites that rely on ATP consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiarun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Bi
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peilian Wei
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiazhang Lian
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhinan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Wang L, Guo Y, Shen Y, Yang K, Cai X, Zhang B, Liu Z, Zheng Y. Microbial production of sulfur-containing amino acids using metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 73:108353. [PMID: 38593935 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
L-Cysteine and L-methionine, as the only two sulfur-containing amino acids among the canonical 20 amino acids, possess distinct characteristics and find wide-ranging industrial applications. The use of different organisms for fermentative production of L-cysteine and L-methionine is gaining increasing attention, with Escherichia coli being extensively studied as the preferred strain. This preference is due to its ability to grow rapidly in cost-effective media, its robustness for industrial processes, the well-characterized metabolism, and the availability of molecular tools for genetic engineering. This review focuses on the genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in the production of these sulfur-containing amino acids in E. coli. Additionally, we systematically summarize the metabolic engineering strategies employed to enhance their production, including the identification of new targets, modulation of metabolic fluxes, modification of transport systems, dynamic regulation strategies, and optimization of fermentation conditions. The strategies and design principles discussed in this review hold the potential to facilitate the development of strain and process engineering for direct fermentation of sulfur-containing amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Yingying Guo
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Yizhou Shen
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Kun Yang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Xue Cai
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China.
| | - Yuguo Zheng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Zabed HM, Qi X. Fermentative Production of Ergothioneine by Exploring Novel Biosynthetic Pathway and Remodulating Precursor Synthesis Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:14264-14273. [PMID: 38860833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Ergothioneine (EGT) is a naturally occurring derivative of histidine with diverse applications in the medicine, cosmetic, and food industries. Nevertheless, its sustainable biosynthesis faces hurdles due to the limited biosynthetic pathways, complex metabolic network of precursors, and high cost associated with fermentation. Herein, efforts were made to address these limitations first by reconstructing a novel EGT biosynthetic pathway from Methylobacterium aquaticum in Escherichia coli and optimizing it through plasmid copy number. Subsequently, the supply of precursor amino acids was promoted by engineering the global regulator, recruiting mutant resistant to feedback inhibition, and blocking competitive pathways. These metabolic modifications resulted in a significant improvement in EGT production, increasing from 35 to 130 mg/L, representing a remarkable increase of 271.4%. Furthermore, an economical medium was developed by replacing yeast extract with corn steep liquor, a byproduct of wet milling of corn. Finally, the production of EGT reached 595 mg/L with a productivity of 8.2 mg/L/h by exploiting fed-batch fermentation in a 10 L bioreactor. This study paves the way for exploring and modulating a de novo biosynthetic pathway for efficient and low-cost fermentative production of EGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hossain M Zabed
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
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5
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Liu H, Song P, Zhang H, Zhou F, Ji N, Wang M, Zhou G, Han R, Liu X, Weng W, Tan H, Wang S, Zheng L, Jing Y, Su J. Synthetic biology-based bacterial extracellular vesicles displaying BMP-2 and CXCR4 to ameliorate osteoporosis. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12429. [PMID: 38576241 PMCID: PMC10995478 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systematic bone disease characterized by low bone mass and fragile bone microarchitecture. Conventional treatment for OP has limited efficacy and long-term toxicity. Synthetic biology makes bacterial extracellular vesicle (BEVs)-based therapeutic strategies a promising alternative for the treatment of OP. Here, we constructed a recombinant probiotics Escherichia coli Nissle 1917-pET28a-ClyA-BMP-2-CXCR4 (ECN-pClyA-BMP-2-CXCR4), in which BMP-2 and CXCR4 were overexpressed in fusion with BEVs surface protein ClyA. Subsequently, we isolated engineered BEVs-BMP-2-CXCR4 (BEVs-BC) for OP therapy. The engineered BEVs-BC exhibited great bone targeting in vivo. In addition, BEVs-BC had good biocompatibility and remarkable ability to promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Finally, the synthetic biology-based BEVs-BC significantly prevented the OP in an ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model. In conclusion, we constructed BEVs-BC with both bone-targeting and bone-forming in one-step using synthetic biology, which provides an effective strategy for OP and has great potential for industrialization.
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Caballero Cerbon DA, Gebhard L, Dokuyucu R, Ertl T, Härtl S, Mazhar A, Weuster-Botz D. Challenges and Advances in the Bioproduction of L-Cysteine. Molecules 2024; 29:486. [PMID: 38257399 PMCID: PMC10821248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
L-cysteine is a proteogenic amino acid with many applications in the pharmaceutical, food, animal feed, and cosmetic industries. Due to safety and environmental issues in extracting L-cysteine from animal hair and feathers, the fermentative production of L-cysteine offers an attractive alternative using renewable feedstocks. Strategies to improve microbial production hosts like Pantoea ananatis, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Pseudomonas sp., and Escherichia coli are summarized. Concerning the metabolic engineering strategies, the overexpression of feedback inhibition-insensitive L-serine O-acetyltransferase and weakening the degradation of L-cysteine through the removal of L-cysteine desulfhydrases are crucial adjustments. The overexpression of L-cysteine exporters is vital to overcome the toxicity caused by intracellular accumulating L-cysteine. In addition, we compiled the process engineering aspects for the bioproduction of L-cysteine. Utilizing the energy-efficient sulfur assimilation pathway via thiosulfate, fermenting cheap carbon sources, designing scalable, fed-batch processes with individual feedings of carbon and sulfur sources, and implementing efficient purification techniques are essential for the fermentative production of L-cysteine on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alejandro Caballero Cerbon
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, D-85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Leon Gebhard
- TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ruveyda Dokuyucu
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Petersgasse 5, D-94315 Straubing, Germany; (R.D.); (T.E.); (S.H.)
| | - Theresa Ertl
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Petersgasse 5, D-94315 Straubing, Germany; (R.D.); (T.E.); (S.H.)
| | - Sophia Härtl
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Petersgasse 5, D-94315 Straubing, Germany; (R.D.); (T.E.); (S.H.)
| | - Ayesha Mazhar
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Petersgasse 5, D-94315 Straubing, Germany; (R.D.); (T.E.); (S.H.)
| | - Dirk Weuster-Botz
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, D-85748 Garching, Germany;
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Ji N, Wang F, Wang M, Zhang W, Liu H, Su J. Engineered bacterial extracellular vesicles for central nervous system diseases. J Control Release 2023; 364:46-60. [PMID: 37866404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of central nervous system (CNS) diseases is on the rise as the population ages. The presence of various obstacles, particularly the blood-brain barrier (BBB), poses a challenge for drug delivery to the CNS. An expanding body of study suggests that gut microbiota (GM) plays an important role in CNS diseases. The communication between GM and CNS diseases has received increasing attention. Accumulating evidence indicates that the GM can modulate host signaling pathways to regulate distant organ functions by delivering bioactive substances to host cells via bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs). BEVs have emerged as a promising platform for the treatment of CNS diseases due to their nanostructure, ability to penetrate the BBB, as well as their low toxicity, high biocompatibility, ease of modification and large-scale culture. Here, we discuss the biogenesis, internalization mechanism and engineering modification methods of BEVs. We then focus on the use and potential role of BEVs in the treatment of CNS diseases. Finally, we outline the main challenges and future prospects for the application of BEVs in CNS diseases. We hope that the comprehensive understanding of the BEVs-based gut-brain axis will provide new insights into the treatment of CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ji
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Fuxiao Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai 200941, China
| | - Wencai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Han Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Yin X, Zhao M, Zhou Y, Yang H, Liao Y, Wang F. Optimized methyl donor and reduced precursor degradation pathway for seleno-methylselenocysteine production in Bacillus subtilis. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:215. [PMID: 37853389 PMCID: PMC10585787 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seleno-methylselenocysteine (SeMCys) is an effective component of selenium supplementation with anti-carcinogenic potential that can ameliorate neuropathology and cognitive deficits. In a previous study, a SeMCys producing strain of Bacillus subtilis GBACB was generated by releasing feedback inhibition by overexpression of cysteine-insensitive serine O-acetyltransferase, enhancing the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine as methyl donor by overexpression of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, and expressing heterologous selenocysteine methyltransferase. In this study, we aimed to improve GBACB SeMCys production by synthesizing methylmethionine as a donor to methylate selenocysteine and by inhibiting the precursor degradation pathway. RESULTS First, the performance of three methionine S-methyltransferases that provide methylmethionine as a methyl donor for SeMCys production was determined. Integration of the NmMmt gene into GBACB improved SeMCys production from 20.7 to 687.4 μg/L. Next, the major routes for the degradation of selenocysteine, which is the precursor of SeMCys, were revealed by comparing selenocysteine hyper-accumulating and non-producing strains at the transcriptional level. The iscSB knockout strain doubled SeMCys production. Moreover, deleting sdaA, which is responsible for the degradation of serine as a precursor of selenocysteine, enhanced SeMCys production to 4120.3 μg/L. Finally, the culture conditions in the flasks were optimized. The strain was tolerant to higher selenite content in the liquid medium and the titer of SeMCys reached 7.5 mg/L. CONCLUSIONS The significance of methylmethionine as a methyl donor for SeMCys production in B. subtilis is reported, and enhanced precursor supply facilitates SeMCys synthesis. The results represent the highest SeMCys production to date and provide insight into Se metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Meiyi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Hulin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yonghong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China.
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China.
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Fenghuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China.
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China.
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng RD 11, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Du H, Qi Y, Qiao J, Li L, Wei L, Xu N, Shao L, Liu J. Transcription factor OxyR regulates sulfane sulfur removal and L-cysteine biosynthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0090423. [PMID: 37768042 PMCID: PMC10537588 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00904-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfane sulfur, a collective term for hydrogen polysulfide and organic persulfide, often damages cells at high concentrations. Cells can regulate intracellular sulfane sulfur levels through specific mechanisms, but these mechanisms are unclear in Corynebacterium glutamicum. OxyR is a transcription factor capable of sensing oxidative stress and is also responsive to sulfane sulfur. In this study, we found that OxyR functioned directly in regulating sulfane sulfur in C. glutamicum. OxyR binds to the promoter of katA and nrdH and regulates its expression, as revealed via in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assay analysis, real-time quantitative PCR, and reporting systems. Overexpression of katA and nrdH reduced intracellular sulfane sulfur levels by over 30% and 20% in C. glutamicum, respectively. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that the lack of OxyR downregulated the expression of sulfur assimilation pathway genes and/or sulfur transcription factors, which may reduce the rate of sulfur assimilation. In addition, OxyR also affected the biosynthesis of L-cysteine in C. glutamicum. OxyR overexpression strain Cg-2 accumulated 183 mg/L of L-cysteine, increased by approximately 30% compared with the control (142 mg/L). In summary, OxyR not only regulated sulfane sulfur levels by controlling the expression of katA and nrdH in C. glutamicum but also facilitated the sulfur assimilation and L-cysteine synthesis pathways, providing a potential target for constructing robust cell factories of sulfur-containing amino acids and their derivatives. IMPORTANCE C. glutamicum is an important industrial microorganism used to produce various amino acids. In the production of sulfur-containing amino acids, cells inevitably accumulate a large amount of sulfane sulfur. However, few studies have focused on sulfane sulfur removal in C. glutamicum. In this study, we not only revealed the regulatory mechanism of OxyR on intracellular sulfane sulfur removal but also explored the effects of OxyR on the sulfur assimilation and L-cysteine synthesis pathways in C. glutamicum. This is the first study on the removal of sulfane sulfur in C. glutamicum. These results contribute to the understanding of sulfur regulatory mechanisms and may aid in the future optimization of C. glutamicum for biosynthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanmin Du
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Qi
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinfang Qiao
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingcong Li
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Shao
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
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10
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Du H, Qi Y, Qiao J, Li L, Xu N, Shao L, Wei L, Liu J. Balancing Redox Homeostasis to Improve l-Cysteine Production in Corynebacterium glutamicum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13848-13856. [PMID: 37669547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
l-Cysteine is a valuable sulfur-containing amino acid with applications across a wide range of fields. Recently, microbial fermentation has emerged as a method to produce l-cysteine. However, cellular redox stress from high levels of l-cysteine is a bottleneck for achieving efficient production. In this study, we aimed to facilitate l-cysteine biosynthesis by modulating cellular redox homeostasis through the introduction of the natural antioxidant astaxanthin in Corynebacterium glutamicum. To achieve this, we first introduced an exogenous astaxanthin synthesis module in C. glutamicum. Then, an l-cysteine-dependent autonomous bifunctional genetic switch was developed to dynamically regulate the l-cysteine and astaxanthin biosynthesis pathway to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. This regulation system achieved high biosynthesis of astaxanthin, which significantly facilitated l-cysteine production. Finally, engineered strain Cg-10 produced 8.45 g/L l-cysteine and 95 mg/L astaxanthin in a 5 L bioreactor, both of which are the highest reported levels in C. glutamicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanmin Du
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuting Qi
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jinfang Qiao
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Lingcong Li
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Li Shao
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Liang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
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11
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Yang H, Zhang B, Wu ZD, Chen LF, Pan JY, Xiu XL, Cai X, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Combinatorial Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli for Enhanced L-Cysteine Production: Insights into Crucial Regulatory Modes and Optimization of Carbon-Sulfur Metabolism and Cofactor Availability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13409-13418. [PMID: 37639615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Microbial production of valuable compounds can be enhanced by various metabolic strategies. This study proposed combinatorial metabolic engineering to develop an effective Escherichia coli cell factory dedicated to L-cysteine production. First, the crucial regulatory modes that control L-cysteine levels were investigated to guide metabolic modifications. A two-stage fermentation was achieved by employing multi-copy gene expression, improving the balance between production and growth. Subsequently, carbon flux distribution was further optimized by modifying the C1 unit metabolism and the glycolytic pathway. The modifications of sulfur assimilation demonstrated superior performance of thiosulfate utilization pathways in enhancing L-cysteine titer. Furthermore, the studies focusing on cofactor availability and preference emphasized the vital role of synergistic enhancement of sulfur-carbon metabolism in L-cysteine overproduction. In a 5 L bioreactor, the strain BW15-3/pED accumulated 12.6 g/L of L-cysteine. This work presented an effective metabolic engineering strategy for the development of L-cysteine-producing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Dan Wu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Li-Feng Chen
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Yuan Pan
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ling Xiu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xue Cai
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
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12
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Lian M, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Zhang W, Zhang H, Chen D. Oxidase-like V 2C MXene nanozyme with inherent antibacterial properties for colorimetric sensing. Talanta 2023; 265:124872. [PMID: 37393710 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The microbial environment greatly affects the performance of colourimetric sensors, especially the interference of bacteria in the sample detected. This paper reports the fabrication of an antibacterial colorimetric sensor based on V2C MXene synthesized via simple intercalation and stripping. The prepared V2C nanosheets can mimic oxidase activity towards 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation without exogenously adding H2O2. Further mechanistic studies showed that V2C nanosheets could effectively activate the oxygen adsorbed on their surface, which in turn causes an increase in the bond length and a decrease in the magnetic moment of oxygen through electron transfer from the nanosheet surface to O2. The V2C nanosheets also exhibited excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial activity through the outbreak of reactive oxygen species. Owing to its unique catalytic activity and the inherent antibacterial ability for mimicking oxidase, a colorimetric sensing platform was developed to effectively determine L-cysteine levels at a detection limit of 30.0 nM (S/N = 3). It is impressive that the detection results of L-cysteine in various complex microbial environments are also very satisfactory. This study broadens the biological use of MXene-based nanomaterials through their satisfactory enzymatic activity and provides a simple and efficient colorimetric strategy for detection techniques used in complex microbial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Lian
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Civil Aviation Energy Environment and Green Development, School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, 300300, China; Key Laboratory of Civil Aviation Thermal Hazards Prevention and Emergency Response, School of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, 300300, China.
| | - Ye Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Civil Aviation Thermal Hazards Prevention and Emergency Response, School of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, 300300, China
| | - Jingbo Zhao
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Civil Aviation Energy Environment and Green Development, School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, 300300, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Civil Aviation Energy Environment and Green Development, School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, 300300, China; Key Laboratory of Civil Aviation Thermal Hazards Prevention and Emergency Response, School of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, 300300, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Civil Aviation Thermal Hazards Prevention and Emergency Response, School of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, 300300, China.
| | - Da Chen
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Civil Aviation Energy Environment and Green Development, School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, 300300, China; Key Laboratory of Civil Aviation Thermal Hazards Prevention and Emergency Response, School of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, 300300, China.
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13
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Zhang B, Yang H, Wu Z, Pan J, Li S, Chen L, Cai X, Liu Z, Zheng Y. Spatiotemporal Gene Expression by a Genetic Circuit for Chemical Production in Escherichia coli. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:768-779. [PMID: 36821871 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression in spatiotemporal distribution improves the ability of cells to respond to changing environments. For microbial cell factories in artificial environments, reconstruction of the target compound's biosynthetic pathway in a new spatiotemporal dimension/scale promotes the production of chemicals. Here, a genetic circuit based on the Esa quorum sensing and lac operon was designed to achieve the dynamic temporal gene expression. Meanwhile, the pathway was regulated by an l-cysteine-specific sensor and relocalized to the plasma membrane for further flux enhancement to l-cysteine and toxicity reduction on a spatial scale. Finally, the integrated spatiotemporal regulation circuit for l-cysteine biosynthesis enabled a 14.16 g/L l-cysteine yield in Escherichia coli. Furthermore, this spatiotemporal regulation circuit was also applied in our previously constructed engineered strain for pantothenic acid, methionine, homoserine, and 2-aminobutyric acid production, and the titer increased by 29, 33, 28, and 41%, respectively. These results highlighted the applicability of our spatiotemporal regulation circuit to enhance the performance of microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zidan Wu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jiayuan Pan
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shirong Li
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Chen
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xue Cai
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yuguo Zheng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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14
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Heieck K, Arnold ND, Brück TB. Metabolic stress constrains microbial L-cysteine production in Escherichia coli by accelerating transposition through mobile genetic elements. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:10. [PMID: 36642733 PMCID: PMC9841684 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02021-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-cysteine is an essential chemical building block in the pharmaceutical-, cosmetic-, food and agricultural sector. Conventionally, L-cysteine production relies on the conversion of keratinous biomass mediated by hydrochloric acid. Today, fermentative production based on recombinant E. coli, where L-cysteine production is streamlined and facilitated by synthetic plasmid constructs, is an alternative process at industrial scale. However, metabolic stress and the resulting production escape mechanisms in evolving populations are severely limiting factors during industrial biomanufacturing. We emulate high generation numbers typically reached in industrial fermentation processes with Escherichia coli harbouring L-cysteine production plasmid constructs. So far no genotypic and phenotypic alterations in early and late L-cysteine producing E. coli populations have been studied. RESULTS In a comparative experimental design, the E. coli K12 production strain W3110 and the reduced genome strain MDS42, almost free of insertion sequences, were used as hosts. Data indicates that W3110 populations acquire growth fitness at the expense of L-cysteine productivity within 60 generations, while production in MDS42 populations remains stable. For the first time, the negative impact of predominantly insertion sequence family 3 and 5 transposases on L-cysteine production is reported, by combining differential transcriptome analysis with NGS based deep plasmid sequencing. Furthermore, metabolic clustering of differentially expressed genes supports the hypothesis, that metabolic stress induces rapid propagation of plasmid rearrangements, leading to reduced L-cysteine yields in evolving populations over industrial fermentation time scales. CONCLUSION The results of this study implicate how selective deletion of insertion sequence families could be a new route for improving industrial L-cysteine or even general amino acid production using recombinant E. coli hosts. Instead of using minimal genome strains, a selective deletion of certain IS families could offer the benefits of adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) while maintaining enhanced L-cysteine production stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Heieck
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Nathanael David Arnold
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Bartholomäus Brück
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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15
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Cheung KCP, Jiao M, Xingxuan C, Wei J. Extracellular vesicles derived from host and gut microbiota as promising nanocarriers for targeted therapy in osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1051134. [PMID: 36686680 PMCID: PMC9859449 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1051134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP), a systemic bone disease that causes structural bone loss and bone mass loss, is often associated with fragility fractures. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) generated by mammalian and gut bacteria have recently been identified as important mediators in the intercellular signaling pathway that may play a crucial role in microbiota-host communication. EVs are tiny membrane-bound vesicles, which range in size from 20 to 400 nm. They carry a variety of biologically active substances across intra- and intercellular space. These EVs have developed as a promising research area for the treatment of OP because of their nanosized architecture, enhanced biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, drug loading capacity, ease of customization, and industrialization. This review describes the latest development of EVs derived from mammals and bacteria, including their internalization, isolation, biogenesis, classifications, topologies, and compositions. Additionally, breakthroughs in chemical sciences and the distinctive biological features of bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) allow for the customization of modified BEVs for the therapy of OP. In conclusion, we give a thorough and in-depth summary of the main difficulties and potential future of EVs in the treatment of OP, as well as highlight innovative uses and choices for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Chat Pan Cheung
- Hong Kong Traditional Chinese Medicine Phenome Research Center, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China,*Correspondence: Kenneth Chat Pan Cheung, ; Jia Wei,
| | - Ma Jiao
- Hong Kong Traditional Chinese Medicine Phenome Research Center, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chen Xingxuan
- Hong Kong Traditional Chinese Medicine Phenome Research Center, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Hong Kong Traditional Chinese Medicine Phenome Research Center, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China,Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Kenneth Chat Pan Cheung, ; Jia Wei,
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16
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Yang Q, Cai D, Chen W, Chen H, Luo W. Combined metabolic analyses for the biosynthesis pathway of l-threonine in Escherichia coli. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1010931. [PMID: 36159692 PMCID: PMC9500239 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1010931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, industrial production of l-threonine (Thr) is based on direct fermentation with microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, which has the characteristics of low cost and high productivity. In order to elucidate the key metabolic features of the synthesis pathway of Thr in E. coli to provide clues for metabolic regulation or engineering of the strain, this study was carried out on an l-threonine over-producing strain, in terms of analyses of metabolic flux, enzyme control and metabonomics. Since environmental disturbance and genetic modification are considered to be two important methods of metabolic analysis, addition of phosphate in the media and comparison of strains with different genotypes were selected as the two candidates due to their significant influence in the biosynthesis of Thr. Some important targets including key nodes, enzymes and biomarkers were identified, which may provide target sites for rational design through engineering the Thrproducing strain. Finally, metabolic regulation aimed at one biomarker identified in this study was set as an example, which confirms that combined metabolic analyses may guide to improve the production of threonine in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Dongbo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenshou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiying Chen
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Wei Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Luo,
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17
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Liu H, Zhang Q, Wang S, Weng W, Jing Y, Su J. Bacterial extracellular vesicles as bioactive nanocarriers for drug delivery: Advances and perspectives. Bioact Mater 2022; 14:169-181. [PMID: 35310361 PMCID: PMC8892084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanosized extracellular vesicles derived from bacteria contain diverse cargo and transfer intercellular bioactive molecules to cells. Due to their favorable intercellular interactions, cell membrane-derived bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) have great potential to become novel drug delivery platforms. In this review, we summarize the biogenesis mechanism and compositions of various BEVs. In addition, an overview of effective isolation and purification techniques of BEVs is provided. In particular, we focus on the application of BEVs as bioactive nanocarriers for drug delivery. Finally, we summarize the advances and challenges of BEVs after providing a comprehensive discussion in each section. We believe that a deeper understanding of BEVs will open new avenues for their exploitation in drug delivery applications. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are excellent nanomaterials as drug delivery systems. The unique nanosized structures and biofunctions of BEVs are attractive for their use as nanomedicine platforms. BEVs have been investigated as biotherapeutics due to their loading capacity, ease of modification and industrialization. This review provides new insights of BEVs in drug delivery applications, discussing potential opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Sicheng Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weizong Weng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yingying Jing
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Corresponding author. Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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18
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Rational Metabolic Engineering Combined with Biosensor-Mediated Adaptive Laboratory Evolution for l-Cysteine Overproduction from Glycerol in Escherichia coli. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8070299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
l-Cysteine is an important sulfur-containing amino acid with numerous applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The microbial production of l-cysteine has received substantial attention, and the supply of the precursor l-serine is important in l-cysteine biosynthesis. In this study, to achieve l-cysteine overproduction, we first increased l-serine production by deleting genes involved in the pathway of l-serine degradation to glycine (serine hydroxymethyl transferase, SHMT, encoded by glyA genes) in strain 4W (with l-serine titer of 1.1 g/L), thus resulting in strain 4WG with l-serine titer of 2.01 g/L. Second, the serine-biosensor based on the transcriptional regulator NCgl0581 of C. glutamicum was constructed in E. coli, and the validity and sensitivity of the biosensor were demonstrated in E. coli. Then 4WG was further evolved through adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) combined with serine-biosensor, thus yielding the strain 4WGX with 4.13 g/L l-serine production. Moreover, the whole genome of the evolved strain 4WGX was sequenced, and ten non-synonymous mutations were found in the genome of strain 4WGX compared with strain 4W. Finally, 4WGX was used as the starting strain, and deletion of the l-cysteine desulfhydrases (encoded by tnaA), overexpression of serine acetyltransferase (encoded by cysE) and the key enzyme of transport pathway (encoded by ydeD) were performed in strain 4WGX. The recombinant strain 4WGX-∆tnaA-cysE-ydeD can produce 313.4 mg/L of l-cysteine using glycerol as the carbon source. This work provides an efficient method for the biosynthesis of value-added commodity products associated with glycerol conversion.
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19
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Wang H, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Sun X. Synthesis of BINOL-xylose-conjugates as "Turn-off" fluorescent receptors for Fe 3+ and secondary recognition of cysteine by their complexes. RSC Adv 2022; 12:10379-10385. [PMID: 35424990 PMCID: PMC8977995 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09255c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel chiral fluorescence "turn-off" sensor was synthesised using the click reaction. The sensor was a BINOL-xylose derivative, modified at the 2-position and linked by 1,2,3-triazole. It was structurally characterized by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, ESI-MS and IR analysis. The selectivity of R-β-d-2 in methanol solution has been studied. Among the 19 transition metal ions, alkaline metal ions and alkaline earth metal ions studied, R-β-d-2 had a selective fluorescence quenching reaction for Fe3+. The detection limit of R-β-d-2 for Fe3+ was 0.91 μmol L-1. Complexation between R-β-d-2 and Fe3+ was investigated by ESI-MS and 1HNMR. The stoichiometric ratio of R-β-d-2 was 1 : 1. In addition, the R-β-d-2-Fe3+ complex was titrated with 20 naturally occurring amino acids and Hcy with GSH. It was found that the complex R-β-d-2-Fe3+ had a secondary recognition effect on Cys by switching to fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Yang Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Yafeng Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Xiaoxia Sun
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 China
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20
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Kim M, Jeong DW, Oh JW, Jeong HJ, Ko YJ, Park SE, Han SO. Efficient Synthesis of Food-Derived Antioxidant l-Ergothioneine by Engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1516-1524. [PMID: 35088592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
l-Ergothioneine (EGT) is a strong antioxidant used in industry, and it is commonly extracted from mushrooms; however, its production is limited. As an alternative, we developed metabolically engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum with reinforced sulfur assimilation and pentose phosphate pathways, which led to the accumulation of 45.0 and 63.2 mg/L EGT, respectively. Additionally, the overexpression of cysEKR resulted in further promoted EGT production in ET4 (66.5 mg/L) and ET7 (85.0 mg/L). Based on this result, we developed the strain ET11, in which all sulfur assimilatory, PP, and l-cysteine synthetic pathways were reinforced, and it synthesized 264.4 mg/L EGT. This study presents the first strategy for EGT synthesis that does not require precursor addition in C. glutamicum, and the production time was shortened. In addition, the synthesized EGT showed high radical scavenging activity (70.7%), thus confirming its antioxidant function. Consequently, this study showed the possibility of EGT commercialization by overcoming the limitations of industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhye Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Woon Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Won Oh
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Ko
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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