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Zhong C, Liu T, Diao J, Li X, Liu M, Wang Y. Preparation and characterization of astaxanthin-loaded liposomes by phytosterol oleate instead of cholesterol. Food Chem 2025; 462:141008. [PMID: 39217746 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Hydrophobic bioactive compounds like astaxanthin (AST) exhibit poor water solubility and low bioavailability. Liposomes, which serve as nanocarriers, are known for their excellent biocompatibility and minimal immunogenicity. Traditionally, liposomes have been primarily constructed using phospholipids and cholesterol. However, the intake of cholesterol may pose a risk to human health. Phytosterol ester was reported to reduce level of cholesterol and improve properties of liposomes. In this study, phytosterol oleate was used to prepare liposomes instead of cholesterol to deliver AST (AST-P-Lip). The size range of AST-P-Lip was 100-220 nm, and the morphology was complete and uniform. In vitro studies showed that AST-P-Lip significantly enhanced the antioxidant activity and oral bioavailability of AST. During simulated digestion, AST-P-Lip protected AST from damage by gastric and intestinal digestive fluid. Additionally, AST-P-Lip had a good storage stability and safety. These results provide references for the preparation of novel liposomes and the delivery of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhong
- Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266104, China; Municipal Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Biological Quality Evaluation and Application, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Tianhong Liu
- Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266104, China; Municipal Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Biological Quality Evaluation and Application, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Jing Diao
- Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266104, China; Municipal Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Biological Quality Evaluation and Application, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Xueting Li
- Haide College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266104, China; Municipal Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Biological Quality Evaluation and Application, Qingdao 266104, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266104, China; Municipal Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Biological Quality Evaluation and Application, Qingdao 266104, China.
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2
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Zhu H, Chen L, Chen ZX, Lin H, Liu J, Kwek E, Ma KY, He W, Wang G, Chen ZY. Synthesis of cholesterol analogues and comparison on their effect on plasma cholesterol with β-Sitosterol. Food Chem 2024; 461:140820. [PMID: 39153376 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The application of plant sterols in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia is promising. We hypothesize that plant sterols can reduce blood cholesterol because they have a side chain of at least three branches. Three cholesterol analogues were synthesized: CA0 (no side chain), CA3 (a 3‑carbon chain with one branch), and CA14 (a 14‑carbon side chain with two branches), and then compared their effect on blood cholesterol with that of β-sitosterol. Structurally, β-sitosterol has a 10‑carbon side chain with three branches. Results demonstrated that β-sitosterol could effectively reduce plasma total cholesterol (TC) by 20.3%, whereas CA0, CA3 and CA14 did not affect plasma TC in hypercholesterolemia hamsters. β-Sitosterol was absent in the plasma and liver, indicating it was not absorbed. We concluded that β-sitosterol with three branches had plasma TC-lowering activity. In contrast, cholesterol analogues with a side chain of two or fewer branches did not affect plasma cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyue Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China; School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Longjian Chen
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zi-Xing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huiqi Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Erika Kwek
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Ying Ma
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wensen He
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
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3
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Guo X, Luo W, Wu L, Zhang L, Chen Y, Li T, Li H, Zhang W, Liu Y, Zheng J, Wang Y. Natural Products from Herbal Medicine Self-Assemble into Advanced Bioactive Materials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403388. [PMID: 39033533 PMCID: PMC11425287 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Novel biomaterials are becoming more crucial in treating human diseases. However, many materials require complex artificial modifications and synthesis, leading to potential difficulties in preparation, side effects, and clinical translation. Recently, significant progress has been achieved in terms of direct self-assembly of natural products from herbal medicine (NPHM), an important source for novel medications, resulting in a wide range of bioactive supramolecular materials including gels, and nanoparticles. The NPHM-based supramolecular bioactive materials are produced from renewable resources, are simple to prepare, and have demonstrated multi-functionality including slow-release, smart-responsive release, and especially possess powerful biological effects to treat various diseases. In this review, NPHM-based supramolecular bioactive materials have been revealed as an emerging, revolutionary, and promising strategy. The development, advantages, and limitations of NPHM, as well as the advantageous position of NPHM-based materials, are first reviewed. Subsequently, a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the self-assembly strategies specific to seven major classes of NPHM is highlighted. Insights into the influence of NPHM structural features on the formation of supramolecular materials are also provided. Finally, the drivers and preparations are summarized, emphasizing the biomedical applications, future scientific challenges, and opportunities, with the hope of igniting inspiration for future research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Guo
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Weikang Luo
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Lingyu Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Lianglin Zhang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Teng Li
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Haigang Li
- Hunan key laboratory of the research and development of novel pharmaceutical preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Yawei Liu
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
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4
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Wang X, Cao L, Tang J, Deng J, Hao E, Bai G, Tang PL, Yang J, Li H, Yao L, He C, Hou X. Research on the Mechanism and Material Basis of Corn ( Zea mays L.) Waste Regulating Dyslipidemia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:868. [PMID: 39065719 PMCID: PMC11279488 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Corn (Zea mays L.) is an essential gramineous food crop. Traditionally, corn wastes have primarily been used in feed, harmless processing, and industrial applications. Except for corn silk, these wastes have had limited medicinal uses. However, in recent years, scholars have increasingly studied the medicinal value of corn wastes, including corn silk, bracts, husks, stalks, leaves, and cobs. Hyperlipidemia, characterized by abnormal lipid and/or lipoprotein levels in the blood, is the most common form of dyslipidemia today. It is a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis and can lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases if severe. According to the authors' literature survey, corn wastes play a promising role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. This article reviews the mechanisms and material basis of six different corn wastes in regulating dyslipidemia, aiming to provide a foundation for the research and development of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China; (X.W.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Lewei Cao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Jiajun Tang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Jiagang Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China; (X.W.)
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Erwei Hao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China; (X.W.)
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Pei Ling Tang
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, Kuala Lumpur 50250, Malaysia
| | - Jieyi Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China; (X.W.)
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Huaying Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China; (X.W.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Lihao Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China; (X.W.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Cuiwei He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China; (X.W.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Xiaotao Hou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China; (X.W.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
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5
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Shen M, Yuan L, Zhang J, Wang X, Zhang M, Li H, Jing Y, Zeng F, Xie J. Phytosterols: Physiological Functions and Potential Application. Foods 2024; 13:1754. [PMID: 38890982 PMCID: PMC11171835 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary intake of natural substances to regulate physiological functions is currently regarded as a potential way of promoting health. As one of the recommended dietary ingredients, phytosterols that are natural bioactive compounds distributed in plants have received increasing attention for their health effects. Phytosterols have attracted great attention from scientists because of many physiological functions, for example, cholesterol-lowering, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. In addition, the physiological functions of phytosterols, the purification, structure analysis, synthesis, and food application of phytosterols have been widely studied. Nowadays, many bioactivities of phytosterols have been assessed in vivo and in vitro. However, the mechanisms of their pharmacological activities are not yet fully understood, and in-depth investigation of the relationship between structure and function is crucial. Therefore, a contemporaneous overview of the extraction, beneficial properties, and the mechanisms, as well as the current states of phytosterol application, in the food field of phytosterols is provided in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (M.S.); (L.Y.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.J.); (F.Z.)
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6
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Wang Y, Guo Y, Dong P, Lin K, Du P, Cao J, Cheng Y, Cheng F, Yun S, Feng C. Water-in-oil Pickering emulsion using ergosterol as an emulsifier solely. Food Res Int 2024; 186:114374. [PMID: 38729731 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
As a crucial component of the fungal cell membranes, ergosterol has been demonstrated to possess surface activity attributed to its hydrophobic region and polar group. However, further investigation is required to explore its emulsification behavior upon migration to the oil-water interface. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the interface properties of ergosterol as a stabilizer for water in oil (W/O) emulsion. Moreover, the emulsion prepared under the optimal conditions was utilized to load the water-soluble bioactive substance with the chlorogenic acid as the model molecules. Our results showed that the contact angle of ergosterol was 117.017°, and its dynamic interfacial tension was obviously lower than that of a pure water-oil system. When the ratio of water to oil was 4: 6, and the content of ergosterol was 3.5 % (ergosterol/oil phase, w/w), the W/O emulsion had smaller particle size (438 nm), higher apparent viscosity, and better stability. Meanwhile, the stability of loaded chlorogenic acid was improved under unfavorable conditions (pH 1.2, 90 °C, ultraviolet irradiation, and oxidation), which were 73.87 %, 59.53 %, 62.53 %, and 69.73 %, respectively. Additionally, the bioaccessibility of chlorogenic acid (38.75 %) and ergosterol (33.69 %), and the scavenging rates of the emulsion on DPPH radicals (81.00 %) and hydroxyl radicals (82.30 %) were also enhanced. Therefore, a novel W/O Pickering emulsion was prepared in this work using ergosterol as an emulsifier solely, which has great potential for application in oil-based food and nutraceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Yuanhao Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Pengfei Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Kai Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Pengya Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Jinling Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Feier Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Shaojun Yun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taigu 030801, China.
| | - Cuiping Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
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7
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Ali AH, Hachem M, Ahmmed MK. Docosahexaenoic acid-loaded nanoparticles: A state-of-the-art of preparation methods, characterization, functionality, and therapeutic applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30946. [PMID: 38774069 PMCID: PMC11107210 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, offers several beneficial effects. DHA helps in reducing depression, autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. It can stimulate the development of brain and nerve, alleviate lipids metabolism-related disorders, and enhance vision development. However, DHA susceptibility to chemical oxidation, poor water solubility, and unpleasant order could restrict its applications for nutritional and therapeutic purposes. To avoid these drawbacks and enhance its bioavailability, DHA can be encapsulated using an effective delivery system. Several encapsulation methods are recognized, and DHA-loaded nanoparticles have demonstrated numerous benefits. In clinical studies, positive influences on the development of several diseases have been reported, but some assumptions are conflicting and need more exploration, since DHA has a systemic and not a targeted release at the required level. This might cause the applications of nanoparticles that could allow DHA release at the required level and improve its efficiency, thus resulting in a better controlling of several diseases. In the current review, we focused on researches investigating the formulation and development of DHA-loaded nanoparticles using different delivery systems, including low-density lipoprotein, zinc oxide, silver, zein, and resveratrol-stearate. Silver-DHA nanoparticles presented a typical particle size of 24 nm with an incorporation level of 97.67 %, while the entrapment efficiency of zinc oxide-DHA nanoparticles represented 87.3 %. By using zein/Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) stabilized nanoparticles, DHA's encapsulation level reached 84.6 %. We have also highlighted the characteristics, functionality and medical implementation of these nanoparticles in the treatment of inflammations, brain disorders, diabetes as well as hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmoneim H. Ali
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mayssa Hachem
- Department of Chemistry and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Group, Khalifa University of Sciences and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mirja Kaizer Ahmmed
- Department of Fishing and Post-harvest Technology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Zampouni K, Sideris N, Tsavdaris E, Katsanidis E. On the structural and mechanical properties of mixed coconut and olive oil oleogels and bigels. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131942. [PMID: 38685546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The interaction of monoglycerides and phytosterols in olive- and coconut oil on the structuring of oleogels was analyzed. Specifically, bigels with gelatin hydrogel in different ratios (40:60 and 60:40 w/w) were formed. The physicochemical and microstructural attributes of these systems were assessed. The olive oil to coconut oil ratio (0-100 w/w) and the added oleogelators affected the crystal structure and the mechanical properties of the oleogels. Polarized light microscopy revealed that the addition of coconut oil created a denser triglycerides crystal network and the presence of phytosterols created more needle-like crystals, enhancing the textural properties of the oleogels and of the resulting bigels. The hardness of the oleogels ranged from 0.50 N to 1.24 N and for bigels was 5.96-36.75 N. Bigels hardness decreased as the oleogel ratio in the bigel increased. Microscopy and FTIR revealed that the addition of coconut oil in oleogels hampered the formation of a distinct crystalline monoglycerides network. Also, the absence of new peaks in the bigels indicated that the two structured phases interact with each other mostly physically, without the formation of new chemical bonds. Consequently, the oleogels and bigels developed, comprise a promising hard fat substitute with improved nutritional profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zampouni
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - N Sideris
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - E Tsavdaris
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - E Katsanidis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.
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9
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Mostashari P, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Sesame Seeds: A Nutrient-Rich Superfood. Foods 2024; 13:1153. [PMID: 38672826 PMCID: PMC11049391 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) have been cultivated for thousands of years and have long been celebrated for their culinary versatility. Beyond their delightful nutty flavor and crunchy texture, sesame seeds have also gained recognition for their remarkable health benefits. This article provides an in-depth exploration of the numerous ways in which sesame seeds contribute to overall well-being. Sesame seeds are a powerhouse of phytochemicals, including lignans derivatives, tocopherol isomers, phytosterols, and phytates, which have been associated with various health benefits, including the preservation of cardiovascular health and the prevention of cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and brain dysfunction. These compounds have also been substantiated for their efficacy in cholesterol management. Their potential as a natural source of beneficial plant compounds is presented in detail. The article further explores the positive impact of sesame seeds on reducing the risk of chronic diseases thanks to their rich polyunsaturated fatty acids content. Nevertheless, it is crucial to remember the significance of maintaining a well-rounded diet to achieve the proper balance of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, a balance lacking in sesame seed oil. The significance of bioactive polypeptides derived from sesame seeds is also discussed, shedding light on their applications as nutritional supplements, nutraceuticals, and functional ingredients. Recognizing the pivotal role of processing methods on sesame seeds, this review discusses how these methods can influence bioactive compounds. While roasting the seeds enhances the antioxidant properties of the oil extract, certain processing techniques may reduce phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Mostashari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1981619573, Iran;
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1941933111, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Faculty of Biotechnologies (BioTech), ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Street, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russia
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Weerawatanakorn M, Kamchonemenukool S, Koh YC, Pan MH. Exploring Phytochemical Mechanisms in the Prevention of Cholesterol Dysregulation: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6833-6849. [PMID: 38517334 PMCID: PMC11018292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Although cholesterol plays a key role in many physiological processes, its dysregulation can lead to several metabolic diseases. Statins are a group of drugs widely used to lower cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk but may lead to several side effects in some patients. Therefore, the development of a plant-based therapeutic adjuvant with cholesterol-lowering activity is desirable. The maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis encompasses multiple steps, including biosynthesis and metabolism, uptake and transport, and bile acid metabolism; issues arising in any of these processes could contribute to the etiology of cholesterol-related diseases. An increasing body of evidence strongly indicates the benefits of phytochemicals for cholesterol regulation; traditional Chinese medicines prove beneficial in some disease models, although more scientific investigations are needed to confirm their effectiveness. One of the main functions of cholesterol is bile acid biosynthesis, where most bile acids are recycled back to the liver. The composition of bile acid is partly modulated by gut microbes and could be harmful to the liver. In this regard, the reshaping effect of phytochemicals on gut microbiota has been widely reported in the literature for its significance. Therefore, we reviewed studies conducted over the past 5 years elucidating the regulatory effects of phytochemicals or herbal medicines on cholesterol metabolism. In addition, their effects on the recomposition of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism due to modulation are discussed. This review aims to provide novel insights into the treatment of cholesterol dysregulation and the anticipated development of natural-based compounds in the near and far future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monthana Weerawatanakorn
- Department
of Agro-Industry, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Thapho, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Centre
of Excellence in Fats and Oils, Naresuan
University Science Park, 99 M 9, Thapho, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Sudthida Kamchonemenukool
- Department
of Agro-Industry, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Thapho, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Yen-Chun Koh
- Institute
of Food Science and Technology, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute
of Food Science and Technology, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department
of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan
- Department
of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia
University, Taichung City 41354, Taiwan
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11
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Ge Q, Rong S, Yin C, McClements DJ, Fu Q, Li Q, Han Y, Liu F, Wang S, Chen S. Calcium ions induced ι-carrageenan-based gel-coating deposited on zein nanoparticles for encapsulating the curcumin. Food Chem 2024; 434:137488. [PMID: 37741234 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Zein, curcumin (Cur), and ι-carrageenan (ιCar) were used to prepare core-shell biopolymer nanoparticles (Zein-Cur-ιCar). These nanoparticles consisted of a nutraceutical-loaded protein core (curcumin-loaded zein nanoparticles) and a gelled polysaccharide shell (calcium cross-linked ι-carrageenan). The size, charge, morphology, and interactions of the nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, zeta-potential analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier Transform infrared analysis. Ionic bridging, electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic attraction were involved in particle formation. The high encapsulation efficiency (93.2%) and loading capacity (6.2%) indicated that curcumin was well encapsulated within nanoparticles with optimized compositions (zein:ι-carrageenan 100:40). These particles had relatively small diameters (351.8 nm) and effectively delayed the light and thermal degradation of curcumin. Moreover, the curcumin within the nanoparticles was released in a sustained manner under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, which may improve its oral bioavailability. In summary, calcium carrageenan-coated zein nanoparticles have potential for the encapsulation, protection, and controlled release of hydrophobic nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Ge
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 430071, China.
| | - Shuang Rong
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 430071, China.
| | - Chenxi Yin
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 430071, China.
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
| | - Qi Fu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 430071, China.
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Yahong Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Fuguo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, China.
| | - Suqing Wang
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 430071, China.
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 430071, China.
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12
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Zhu D, Cheng S, Du M. Oxidation-resistant nanoliposomes loaded with osteogenic peptides: Characteristics, stability and bioaccessibility. Food Res Int 2024; 177:113843. [PMID: 38225114 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) oxidation leads to the fusion of nanoliposomes and leakage of containment compounds during the storage period. This study aims to improve the oxidation resistance by partially substituting PC in the osteogenic peptides (OPs) loaded nanoliposomes with hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine (HPC). The investigation assessed the characteristics, stability, and bioaccessibility of these novel nanoliposomes. By altering the PC/HPC mass ratio from 1:0 to 0:1, an increase in the encapsulation efficiency (EE), loading capacity (LC), polydispersity index (PDI), and bioaccessibility of OPs-loaded nanoliposomes was observed. Additionally, there was a decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), peroxide value (POV), non-volatile aldehyde, and ketone. The stability of salt decreased when using HPC alone (0:1). The performance of OPs-loaded nanoliposomes with a PC/HPC mass ratio of 1:3 was found to be satisfactory in terms of storage and pH stability. Fluorescence spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed a tighter lipid aggregation, enhanced intermolecular van der Waals forces, and hydrogen bond formation in membranes of nanoliposomes containing HPC. The addition of HPC to the nanoliposomes delayed the release of peptides in simulated without affecting osteogenic activity. These results provide guidance for the development of oxidation-resistant nanoliposomes loaded with OPs products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuzhen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China.
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13
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Blanco-Morales V, Mercatante D, Rodriguez-Estrada MT, Garcia-Llatas G. Current and New Insights on Delivery Systems for Plant Sterols in Food. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:403-435. [PMID: 38036891 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant sterols are minor bioactive components of food lipids, which are often used for the formulation of functional foods due to their cholesterol-lowering properties. However, they have low solubility and tend to crystallize, which may affect their biological effects, the sensory profile of the sterol-enriched food, and its consumer acceptability. Moreover, due to the unsaturated structure of sterols, they are susceptible to oxidation, so different encapsulation systems have been developed to improve their dispersibility/solubility, stability, delivery, and bioaccessibility. This chapter provides an overview of the main encapsulation systems currently used for plant sterols and their application in model and food systems, with a particular focus on their efficiency and impact on sterol bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Blanco-Morales
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - D Mercatante
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M T Rodriguez-Estrada
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- CIRI-Agrifood (Interdepartmental Centre of Industrial Agrifood Research), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy.
| | - G Garcia-Llatas
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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14
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Mu J, Hu R, Tang Y, Dong W, Zhang Z. Microencapsulation of green coffee oil by complex coacervation of soy protein isolate, sodium casinate and polysaccharides: Physicochemical properties, structural characterisation, and oxidation stability. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128064. [PMID: 37967606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
This study developed a combination method between protein-polysaccharide complex coacervation and freezing drying for the preparation of green coffee oil (GCO) encapsulated powders. Different combinations of soy protein isolate, sodium caseinate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and sodium alginate were utilised as wall materials. The occurrence of complexation between the biopolymers were compared to the final emulsion of the individual protein and confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. The mean diameter and estimated PDI of GCO microcapsules were 72.57-295.00 μm and 1.47-2.02, respectively. Furthermore, the encapsulation efficiency of GCO microcapsules was between 61.47 and 90.01 %. Finally, oxidation kinetics models of GCO and its microcapsules demonstrated that the zero-order model of GCO microcapsules was found to have a higher fit, which could better reflect the quality changes of GCO microcapsules during storage. Different combinations of proteins and polysaccharides exhibited effective oxidative stability against single proteins because of polysaccharide addition. This research revealed that soy protein isolate, sodium caseinate combined with polysaccharides can be used as a promising microencapsulating agent for microencapsulation of GCO, especially with sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium alginate, and provided useful information for the potential use of GCO in the development of powder food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Mu
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China; College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Rongsuo Hu
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China; Key Laboratory of Processing Suitability and Quality Control of the Special Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
| | - Yumei Tang
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China; Key Laboratory of Processing Suitability and Quality Control of the Special Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
| | - Wenjiang Dong
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China; Key Laboratory of Processing Suitability and Quality Control of the Special Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China; National Center of Important Tropical Crops Engineering and Technology Research, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China.
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15
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Bao X, Rong S, Fu Q, Liu H, Han Y, Liu F, Ye Z, Chen S. Zein-yeast carboxymethyl glucan particles formed by anti-solvent precipitation for encapsulating resveratrol. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127557. [PMID: 37865360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
In the work, zein-yeast carboxymethyl glucan (ZY) particles were fabricated by a novel ultrasonic assisted anti-solvent precipitation (ASP) method, which was a good delivery system for resveratrol. The particle size and zeta-potential of ZY samples were detected by Zetasizer Pro analyzer, they gradually increased as the mass ratio of zein and yeast carboxymethyl glucan (YCG) changed from 10:1 to 10:5. The intermolecular interactions were investigated by zeta-potentiometric analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. Electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic effects between zein and YCG molecules were identified as the main driving forces in the formation of ZY particles. The optimized ZY (10:3) binary particles were used as delivery system for encapsulating and protecting resveratrol. They had high encapsulation efficiency (85.4 %) and loading capacity (6.1 %), and increased the retention rate of resveratrol by 2.10 and 1.21 folds after exposure to light and heat conditions, effectively protect resveratrol against light and thermal degradation. These particles also delayed the release of resveratrol in simulated gastrointestinal digestion, which might improve its oral bioavailability. In conclusion, ZY binary particles could be regarded as a useful and promising delivery vehicle, which might contribute to the application of hydrophobic bioactive ingredients in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Bao
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 430071, China.
| | - Shuang Rong
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 430071, China.
| | - Qi Fu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 430071, China.
| | - Hao Liu
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 430079, China.
| | - Yahong Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Fuguo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, China.
| | - Zhan Ye
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, China.
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 430071, China.
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16
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Guo SJ, Wang XD, Ma YX, Hu YY, Yang RN, Ma CG. Guar gum series affect nanostructured lipid carriers via electrostatic assembly or steric hindrance: Improving their oral delivery for phytosterols. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126667. [PMID: 37660846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) can be an effective way to improve their oral delivery for active ingredients. In this study, four type of guar gum series modified NLCs for the delivery of phytosterols (PS) were constructed and the effects of the polysaccharides on their structure and physicochemical properties were studied. DLS and AFM results revealed that positively charged polysaccharides could bind to PS-NLCs through electrostatic attraction and made the complexes finally take positive charges, while negatively charged polysaccharides were more likely to fill in the gaps of NLC systems to achieve a balance between electrostatic repulsion and intermolecular forces. Although all four polysaccharides exhibited good storage stability and controlled release of PS in simulated intestinal digestion, PS-NLCs modified with partially hydrolyzed cationic guar gum (PHCG) at medium or high concentrations exhibited better gastric stability, mucoadhesion, and cellular uptake, which had considerable significance for improving the oral bioavailability of PS. This might be related to the coating structure of PHCG-PS-NLCs confirmed by AFM, FTIR, and Raman characterization. This study provide a reference value for designing suitable PS-NLC complexes without synthetic surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jing Guo
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Xue-De Wang
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Yu-Xiang Ma
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Yu-Yuan Hu
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Rui-Nan Yang
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Chuan-Guo Ma
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
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17
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Ruan H, Shen L, Hou X, Li J, Guo T, Zhu C, Feng N, Zhang Y. Phytosterol-mediated glycerosomes combined with peppermint oil enhance transdermal delivery of lappaconitine by modulating the lipid composition of the stratum corneum. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:3014-3029. [PMID: 37454030 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01371-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Although the introduction of glycerosomes has enriched strategies for efficient transdermal drug delivery, the inclusion of cholesterol as a membrane stabilizer has limited their clinical application. The current study describes the development and optimization of a new type of glycerosome (S-glycerosome) that is formed in glycerol solution with β-sitosterol as the stabilizer. Moreover, the transdermal permeation properties of lappaconitine (LA)-loaded S-glycerosomes and peppermint oil (PO)-mediated S-glycerosomes (PO-S-glycerosomes) are evaluated, and the lipid alterations in the stratum corneum are analyzed via lipidomics. The LA-loaded S-glycerosomes prepared by the preferred formulation from the uniform design have a mean size of 145.3 ± 7.81 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of 73.14 ± 0.35%. Moreover, the addition of PO positively impacts transdermal flux, peaking at 0.4% (w/v) PO. Tracing of the fluorescent probe P4 further revealed that PO-S-glycerosomes penetrate deeper into the skin than S-glycerosomes and conventional liposomes. Additionally, treatment with PO-S-glycerosomes alters the isoform type, number, and composition of sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids, and fatty acids in the stratum corneum, with the most notable effect observed for ceramides, the main component of sphingolipids. Furthermore, the transdermal administration of LA-loaded PO-S-glycerosomes improved the treatment efficacy of xylene-induced inflammation in mice without skin irritation. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the feasibility of β-sitosterol as a stabilizer in glycerosomes. Additionally, the inclusion of PO improves the transdermal permeation of S-glycerosomes, potentially by altering the stratum corneum lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Ruan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lina Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaolin Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Teng Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chunyun Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Nianping Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yongtai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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18
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de Farias PM, Matheus JRV, Fai AEC, de Vasconcelos LB, Tapia-Blácido DR. Global Research Trends on the Utilization of Nopal (Opuntia Sp) Cladodes as a Functional Ingredient for Industrial Use. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 78:621-629. [PMID: 37861933 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Although nopal cladodes are a valuable bioactive compound source, they have historically been underused. This review draws a parallel between quantitative and qualitative data from the most outstanding scientific research concerning nopal cladodes in the last five years by implementing a bibliometric analysis. Italy, Mexico, Brazil, and Morocco accounted for approximately 55% of the 111 articles selected for this review. Nopal cladodes are a great source of nourishing ingredients such as mucilage, pectin, insoluble fibers, minerals, ascorbic acid, and bioactive compounds such as carotenoids (e.g., β-carotene, lutein, and cryptoxanthin), flavonoids (e.g., isorhamnetin, quercetin, rutin, and catechin), phytosterols (e.g., β-sitosterol and β-campesterol). Additionally, they offer technological benefits as a food ingredient, allied to good sensory acceptability. The findings suggest that medium-aged cladodes (20 days) have the highest concentration of soluble fiber, protein, and bioactive compounds, rendering them the optimal maturity stage for consumption and processing. Therefore, nopal cladodes can be exploited for several industries, including biotechnology, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, and they have attracted attention as a promising ingredient for the food industry in the concept of the next generation of innovative and functional vegetable foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Marques de Farias
- Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Practices for Sustainability, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Maracanã Campus, São Francisco Xavier Av., 524, 12th floor, room 12006 D, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Julia Rabelo Vaz Matheus
- Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Elizabeth Cavalcante Fai
- Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Practices for Sustainability, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Maracanã Campus, São Francisco Xavier Av., 524, 12th floor, room 12006 D, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Delia R Tapia-Blácido
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Zhang Y, Ma G, Wang S, Nian B, Hu Y. Study on the synthesis of pine sterol esters in solvent-free systems catalyzed by Candida rugosa lipase immobilized on hydrophobic macroporous resin. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7849-7861. [PMID: 37467367 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pine sterol ester is a type of novel food source nutrient with great advantages in lowering blood cholesterol levels, inhibiting tumors, preventing prostate enlargement, and regulating immunity. Macroporous resins with large specific surface area, stable structures, and various functional groups (epoxy, amino, and octadecyl groups) have been selected for immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) to improve its stability and efficiency in the synthesis of pine sterol esters. A solvent-free strategy using oleic acid (substrate) as an esterification reaction medium is an important alternative for avoiding the use of organic solvents. RESULTS The immobilization conditions of CRL immobilized on several types of commercial macroporous resins were optimized. Fortunately, by adsorption (hydrophobic interaction), a high immobilization efficiency of CRL was obtained using macroporous resins with hydrophobic octadecyl groups with an immobilization efficiency of 86.5%, enzyme loading of 138.5 mg g-1 and enzyme activity of 34.7 U g-1 . The results showed that a 95.1% yield could be obtained with a molar ratio of oleic acid to pine sterol of 5:1, an enzyme amount of 6.0 U g-1 (relative to pine sterol mass) at 50 °C for 48 h. CONCLUSION The hydrophobic macroporous resin (ECR8806M) with a large specific surface area and abundant functional groups was used to achieve efficient immobilization of CRL. CRL@ECR8806M is an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of phytosterol esters and has the potential for further large-scale applications. Therefore, this simple, green, and low-cost strategy for lipase immobilization provides new possibilities for the high-efficiency production of pine sterol esters and other food source nutrients. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Guangzheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shushu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Binbin Nian
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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20
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He R, Yang Y, Li Y, Yang M, Kong L, Yang F. Recent Progress in Distiller's Grains: Chemical Compositions and Biological Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:7492. [PMID: 38005214 PMCID: PMC10673086 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Distiller's grains (DGs) are solid mixtures that remain after the production of alcoholic beverages. A large amount of DGs is produced each year during the brewing process. Currently, they are mostly used as a feedstock or substrate in the feed industry. However, the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the chemical composition of DGs is a major constraint on their further development and application for high-value-added usages. Some studies were published on the bioactive constituents of DGs in several different types of journals. Data were therefore collated to provide a comprehensive overview of these natural products. DGs are rich in phenols, phytosterols, and fatty acids, in addition to general lipid and protein constituents. These compounds and their related extracts possess diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hyperglycaemic effects. We hope that this review will provide research incentives for the further development and utilisation of DGs to develop high-value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (R.H.); (L.K.)
| | - Yubo Yang
- Kweichow Moutai Co., Ltd., Zunyi 564501, China
| | - Yongsu Li
- Kweichow Moutai Co., Ltd., Zunyi 564501, China
| | - Minghua Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (R.H.); (L.K.)
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (R.H.); (L.K.)
| | - Fan Yang
- Kweichow Moutai Co., Ltd., Zunyi 564501, China
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21
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Zhang JJ, Gao Y, Xu X, Zhao ML, Xi BN, Shu Y, Li C, Shen Y. In Situ Rapid Analysis of Squalene, Tocopherols, and Sterols in Walnut Oils Based on Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:16371-16380. [PMID: 37867462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of liposoluble micronutrients in large-scale vegetable oil samples is urgently needed, because their health benefits are increasingly emphasized. However, current analytical methods are limited to either labor-intensive preparation processes or time-consuming chromatography separation. In this work, an online oil matrix separation strategy for direct, rapid, and simultaneous determination of squalene, tocopherols, and phytosterols in walnut oil (WO) was developed on the basis of the lipid class separation mode of supercritical fluid chromatography. A single run was completed in 13 min containing 6 min of column cleaning and balancing. Satisfactory limit of detections (0.05-0.20 ng/mL), limit of quantifications (0.15-0.45 ng/mL), recoveries (70.61-101.44%), and matrix effects (78.43-91.62%) were achieved, indicating the reliability of this method. In addition, eight sterol esters were identified in WO, which have not previously been reported. The proposed method was applied to characterize the liposoluble micronutrient profile of WO samples obtained from different walnut cultivars, geographical origins, and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Nan Xi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Shu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yehua Shen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, People's Republic of China
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22
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Zhang D, Ge F, Ji J, Li YJ, Zhang FR, Wang SY, Zhang SJ, Zhang DM, Chen M. β-sitosterol alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis via inhibition of NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1218477. [PMID: 37954856 PMCID: PMC10637366 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1218477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammation-related NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis is involved in the progression of ulcerative colitis (UC). β-sitosterol (SIT) was reported to have anti-inflammatory effects on experimental colitis, while the regulation of SIT on pyroptosis is unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to define the protective and healing effects of SIT on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental UC rats and human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) and explore the underlying mechanisms that are responsible for its effects on NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in UC. Methods: UC model rats were established by oral 4% DSS. Following colitis injury, the animals received SIT (doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) treatment for 2 weeks. For in vitro study, we exposed Caco-2-50 mg/mL DSS with or without SIT (concentrations of 8 and 16 μg/mL). Disease activity index (DAI) and histopathological injury were assessed in vivo. Activation proteins of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling axis, and tight junction-related proteins of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin were detected in colon tissues. TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18 in serum and cell supernatant were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Changes in NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis signaling pathway activation were analyzed both in tissues and cells. Results: Our findings suggested that SIT treatment attenuated the severity of 4% DSS-induced UC by protecting rats from weight and colon length loss, and macroscopic damage. SIT also reduced proinflammatory factors production (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18) in serum and cell supernatant. Mechanistically, SIT downregulated the expression levels of pyroptosis-related proteins including Caspase-1, cleaved-Caspase-1, NLRP3, GSDMD, and GSDMD-N in colon tissues and Caco-2 cells. Further analysis indicated that SIT maintained the colonic barrier integrity by enhancing the protein expression of ZO-1 and occludin. Conclusion: We confirmed that SIT exerts protective and therapeutic effects on DSS-induced colitis injury by suppressing NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis and inflammation response. These findings demonstrated that SIT could be a potential medication for UC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Ge
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ji
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Jing Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Rong Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Yan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Jing Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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23
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Liu G, Sun P, Yan J, Shao P, Feng S. Regulation of Nanoliposome Rigidity and Bioavailability of Oligomeric Proanthocyanidin with Phytosterols Containing Different C3 Branches. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:43414-43430. [PMID: 37669469 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The rigidity of nanoliposomes significantly influences their physical stability and in vitro and in vivo behaviors (e.g., cellular uptake, blood circulation, biodistribution, etc.). This study aimed to quantify the rigidity of the nanoliposomes composed of phytosterol with varying C3 branches and phospholipids (DPPC, DOPC) using atomic force microscopy. Young's modulus, determined by the Shell model, effectively differentiated between mechanical differences in nanoliposomes with varying components and component structure and phase states. FTIR results indicated that P-SG exhibited the highest Young's modulus (175.98 ± 10.53 MPa) due to the hydrogen bond between the glucose residue of steryl glycosides (SGs) and the phospholipid polar head. However, the rigidity of DOPC nanoliposomes was not significantly different due to the unsaturated bond. The addition of oligomeric proanthocyanidin (OPC) did not change the order of rigidity among the nanoliposomes, with P-SG-OPC having the highest Young's modulus (126.27 ± 2.06 MPa). In the simulated gastrointestinal tract experiment, P-SG-OPC exhibited the greatest stability, with minimal particle aggregation. Cellular uptake experiments revealed that DPPC nanoliposomes with high rigidity had optimal endocytosis, while DOPC nanoliposome uptake was independent of rigidity. In melanin production inhibition tests, the inhibitory effect correlated directly with Young's modulus and P-SG-OPC had the best inhibitory effect on melanin generation. Our findings in this study provide valuable insights into the design and optimization of nanoliposomes for the efficient delivery of active substances, offering potential solutions for improving the efficacy of drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaodan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peilong Sun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiadan Yan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Shao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Simin Feng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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24
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Castellaneta A, Losito I, Leoni B, Renna M, Mininni C, Santamaria P, Calvano CD, Cataldi TRI, Liebisch G, Matysik S. A targeted GC-MS/MS approach for the determination of eight sterols in microgreen and mature plant material. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 232:106361. [PMID: 37419395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, a remarkable number of scientific studies supported the correlation between an adequate dietary intake of phytosterols (PS) and the reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. PS are known to inhibit the intestinal absorption of cholesterol, thus promoting the reduction of the low-density lipoproteins (LDL) amount in the bloodstream. Despite the fact that a non-negligible atherogenicity was recognized to PS, thus requiring a careful risk-benefits assessment for plant sterol supplementation, the potential role of PS as cholesterol-lowering agents has been contributing to the spreading awareness of the health benefits associated with the consumption of plant-based foods. In recent years, this has been fueling the market of innovative vegetable products, such as microgreens. Surprisingly, the recent literature concerning microgreens exhibited the lack of studies focusing on the characterization of PS. To fill this gap, a validated analytical method based on the hyphenation of gas chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry is proposed here for the quantitative analysis of eight phytosterols, namely β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol, isofucosterol, and cholesterol, lathosterol and lanosterol. The method was exploited for the characterization of the PS content in 10 microgreen crops, i.e., chia, flax, soybean, sunflower, rapeseed, garden cress, catalogna chicory, endive, kale and broccoli raab. Finally, these results were compared to the PS content of mature forms of kale and broccoli raab. A remarkable amount of PS was detected in chia, flax, rapeseed, garden cress, kale, and broccoli raab microgreens. 100 g (wet weight) of these microgreen crops were found to contain from 20 to 30 mg of the investigated PS. Interestingly, in the case of kale and broccoli raab microgreens, the overall PS content was higher than the one measured in the edible parts of the corresponding mature forms. Additionally, a symmetric change of the PS inner profile was observed between the two growth stages of the latter two crops. Here, the overall decrease of the PS sterol content in the mature forms was associated with the increase of the relative amount of β-sitosterol and campesterol at the expense of minor PS species, such as brassicasterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Castellaneta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - I Losito
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - B Leoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M Renna
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - C Mininni
- Ortogourmet Società Agricola S.r.l., S.C. 14 Madonna delle Grazie, 74014 Laterza, Italy
| | - P Santamaria
- Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - C D Calvano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - T R I Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Liebisch
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Matysik
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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25
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Wang Y, Fu Q, Hu Y, Hua L, Li H, Xu G, Ni Q, Zhang Y. Determination of oxidative deterioration in edible oils by high-pressure photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2023; 424:136260. [PMID: 37244184 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Since lipid oxidation often causes serious food safety issues worldwide, determination of oil's oxidative deterioration becomes quite significant, which still calls for efficient analytical methods. In this work, high-pressure photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPPI-TOFMS) was firstly introduced for rapid detection of oxidative deterioration in edible oils. Through non-targeted qualitative analysis, oxidized oils with various oxidation levels were successfully discriminated for the first time by coupling HPPI-TOFMS with the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Furthermore, by targeted interpretation of the HPPI-TOFMS mass spectra and the subsequent regression analysis (signal intensities vs TOTOX values), good linear correlations were observed for several predominant VOCs. Those specific VOCs were promising oxidation indicators, which would play important roles as TOTOX to judge the oxidation states of tested samples. The proposed HPPI-TOFMS methodology can be used as an innovative tool for accurate and effective assessment of lipid oxidation in edible oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A & F University, Linan 311300, China.
| | - Qianwen Fu
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A & F University, Linan 311300, China
| | - Yu Hu
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A & F University, Linan 311300, China
| | - Lei Hua
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guangzhi Xu
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A & F University, Linan 311300, China
| | - Qinxue Ni
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A & F University, Linan 311300, China
| | - Youzuo Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A & F University, Linan 311300, China.
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26
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Ma G, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhang L, Gao Y, Li Q, Yu X. Antioxidant properties of lipid concomitants in edible oils: A review. Food Chem 2023; 422:136219. [PMID: 37148851 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Edible oils are indispensable for human life, providing energy and necessary fatty acids. Nevertheless, they are vulnerable to oxidation via a number of different mechanisms. Essential nutrients deteriorate as well as toxic substances are produced when edible oils are oxidized; thus, they should be retarded wherever possible. Lipid concomitants have a strong antioxidant capacity and are a large class of biologically active chemical substances in edible oils. They have shown remarkable antioxidant properties and were documented to improve the quality of edible oils in varied ways. An overview of the antioxidant properties of the polar, non-polar, and amphiphilic lipid concomitants present in edible oils is provided in this review. Interactions among various lipid concomitants and the probable mechanisms are also elucidated. This review may provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for food industry practitioners and researchers to understand the underlying cause of variations in the quality of edible oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaiqin Ma
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Functional Oil Engineering Technology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Functional Oil Engineering Technology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yuefan Li
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Functional Oil Engineering Technology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Lingyan Zhang
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Functional Oil Engineering Technology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Functional Oil Engineering Technology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Functional Oil Engineering Technology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiuzhu Yu
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Functional Oil Engineering Technology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, PR China.
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27
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Chen Y, Pan Z, Li X, Yao X, He G, Xie S. Evaluation of Phytosterols as an Alternative to Cholesterol in Practical Diets on Growth and Nonspecific Immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:7825559. [PMID: 37101712 PMCID: PMC10125761 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7825559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of phytosterols as an alternative to cholesterol in practical diets of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei from the perspective of growth and nonspecific immunity. Five diets were formulated to contain different sterol sources and levels. Two diets were supplemented with 1 g/kg cholesterol (LC (low cholesterol)) or phytosterol (LP (low phytosterol)). Other three experimental diets were supplemented with 2 g/kg cholesterol (HC (high cholesterol)), 2 g/kg phytosterol (HP (high phytosterol)), or mixed sterol source (CP, 1 g/kg cholesterol + 1 g/kg phytosterol), respectively. A total of 750 healthy and uniform-sized shrimp (0.52 ± 0.008 g) were randomly distributed into 5 groups with 3 replicates and fed with the five experimental diets for 60 days. Results showed that the growth performance of shrimp was influenced by the sterol levels and supplementation with 2 g/kg sterol level facilitated the growth of shrimp. The inclusion of phytosterol has a cholesterol-lowering effect on shrimp, as evidenced by a reduction in hemolymph cholesterol and triglyceride contents in the HP group. Besides, supplementation with 2 g/kg phytosterol or mixed sterol sources had positive effects on the hemolymph superoxide dismutase, phenol oxidase, and lysozyme as well as hepatopancreas alkaline phosphatase activities, demonstrating that the nonspecific immunity and antioxidative capacity were improved. In conclusion, phytosterols could be an appropriate alternative to partially replace dietary cholesterol in shrimp feeds. This study preliminarily revealed the effects of different sterol sources and levels on the growth and nonspecific immunity of shrimp and provided a basis for further exploration of the mechanism of phytosterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Chen
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- State key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhongchao Pan
- Guangdong Wei Lai Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xinzhou Yao
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Guilun He
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shiwei Xie
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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28
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Chang ZY, Chen CW, Tsai MJ, Chen CC, Alshetaili A, Hsiao YT, Fang JY. The elucidation of structure-activity and structure-permeation relationships for the cutaneous delivery of phytosterols to attenuate psoriasiform inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110202. [PMID: 37075671 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols have been reported to exert anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to investigate the capacity of campesterol, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol on the mitigation of psoriasiform inflammation. We also tried to establish structure-activity and structure-permeation relationships for these plant sterols. To support this study, we first approached the in silico data of the physicochemical properties and the molecular docking of phytosterols with stratum corneum (SC) lipids. The anti-inflammatory activity of the phytosterols was explored in the activated keratinocytes and macrophages. Using the activated keratinocyte model, a significant inhibition of IL-6 and CXCL8 overexpression by phytosterols was detected. A comparable inhibition level was found for the three phytosterols tested. The macrophage-based study showed that the anti-IL-6 and anti-CXCL8 activities of campesterol were greater than those of the other compounds, which indicated that a phytosterol structure without a double bond on C22 and with methyl moiety on C24 was more effective. The conditioned medium of phytosterol-treated macrophages decreased STAT3 phosphorylation in the keratinocytes, suggesting the inhibition of keratinocyte hyperproliferation. β-sitosterol was the penetrant with the highest pig skin absorption (0.33 nmol/mg), followed by campesterol (0.21 nmol/mg) and stigmasterol (0.16 nmol/mg). The therapeutic index (TI) is a parameter measured by multiplying the cytokine/chemokine suppression percentage with skin absorption for anticipating the anti-inflammatory activity after topical delivery. β-sitosterol is a potential candidate for treating psoriatic inflammation due to having the greatest TI value. In this study, β-sitosterol attenuated epidermal hyperplasia and immune cell infiltration in the psoriasis-like mouse model. The psoriasiform epidermis thickness could be reduced from 92.4 to 63.8 μm by the topical use of β-sitosterol, with a downregulation of IL-6, TNF-α, and CXCL1. The skin tolerance study manifested that the reference drug betamethasone but not β-sitosterol could generate barrier dysfunction. β-sitosterol possessed anti-inflammatory activity and facile skin transport, showing the potential for development as an anti-psoriatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yu Chang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jun Tsai
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chang Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Abdullah Alshetaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu-Tai Hsiao
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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29
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Gao Y, Xun R, Xia J, Xia H, Sun G. Effects of phytosterol supplementation on lipid profiles in patients with hypercholesterolemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct 2023; 14:2969-2997. [PMID: 36891733 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03663k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols (PSs) have been reported to improve blood lipids in patients with hypercholesterolemia for many years. However, meta-analyses of the effects of phytosterols on lipid profiles are limited and incomplete. A systematic search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to March 2022 was conducted according to the 2020 preferred reporting items of the guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. These included studies of people with hypercholesterolemia, comparing foods or preparations containing PSs with controls. Mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were used to estimate continuous outcomes for individual studies. The results showed that in patients with hypercholesterolemia, taking a diet containing a certain dose of plant sterol significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (TC: Weight Mean Difference (WMD) [95% CI] = -0.37 [-0.41, -0.34], p < 0.001; LDL-C: WMD [95% CI] = -0.34 [-0.37, -0.30], p < 0.001). In contrast, PSs had no effect on high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or triglycerides (TGs) (HDL-C: WMD [95% CI] = 0.00 [-0.01, 0.02], p = 0.742; TG: WMD [95% CI] = -0.01 [-0.04, 0.01], p = 0.233). Also, a significant effect of supplemental dose on LDL-C levels was observed in a nonlinear dose-response analysis (p-nonlinearity = 0.024). Our findings suggest that dietary phytosterols can help reduce TC and LDL-C concentrations in hypercholesterolemia patients without affecting HDL-C and TG concentrations. And the effect may be affected by the food substrate, dose, esterification, intervention cycle and region. The dose of phytosterol is an important factor affecting the level of LDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ruilong Xun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jiayue Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China. .,China-DRIs Expert Committee on Other Dietary Ingredients, Beijing 100052, China
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Guo S, Ma C, Hu Y, Song Z, Wang T, Yang R. A notable impact of lipid matrices on cholesterol bioaccessibility from phytosterols-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers during in vitro intestinal digestion. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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31
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Sun Y, Xu J, Zhao H, Li Y, Zhang H, Yang B, Guo S. Antioxidant properties of fermented soymilk and its anti-inflammatory effect on DSS-induced colitis in mice. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1088949. [PMID: 36687722 PMCID: PMC9852838 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1088949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid-fermented soymilk as a new plant-based food has aroused extensive attention because of its effects on nutrition and health. This study was conducted to delve into the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of lactic acid-fermented soymilk. To elucidate the key factors that affect the antioxidant properties of fermented soymilk, the strains and preparation process were investigated. Findings show that the fermented soymilk prepared using hot-water blanching method (BT-80) demonstrated a better antioxidant activity than that using conventional method (CN-20). Besides, a huge difference was observed among the soymilks fermented with different strains. Among them, the YF-L903 fermented soymilk demonstrated the highest ABTS radical scavenging ability, which is about twofold of that of unfermented soymilk and 1.8-fold of that of L571 fermented soy milk. In vitro antioxidant experiments and the analysis of H2O2-induced oxidative damage model in Caco-2 cells showed that lactic acid-fermentation could improve the DPPH radical scavenging ability, ABTS radical scavenging ability, while reducing the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in Caco-2 cells induced by H2O2, and increasing the content of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Consequently, cells are protected from the damage caused by active oxidation, and the repair ability of cells is enhanced. To identify the role of fermented soymilk in intestinal health, we investigate its preventive effect on dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis mouse models. Results revealed that the fermented soymilk can significantly improve the health conditions of the mice, including alleviated of weight loss, relieved colonic injury, balanced the spleen-to-body weight ratio, reduced the disease index, and suppressed the inflammatory cytokines and oxidant indexes release. These results suggest that YF-L903 fermented soymilk is a promising natural antioxidant sources and anti-inflammatory agents for the food industry. We believe this work paves the way for elucidating the effect of lactic acid-fermented soymilk on intestinal health, and provides a reference for the preparation of fermented soymilk with higher nutritional and health value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijiao Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Cereal Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingting Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Cereal Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyan Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Cereal Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Cereal Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Cereal Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Baichong Yang
- Pony Testing International Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Shuntang Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Cereal Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Shuntang Guo ✉
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Minor bioactive lipids. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023. [PMID: 37516468 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive lipids-major and minor-comprise an array of compounds belonging to different chemical categories. Among the minor bioactive lipids carotenoids, sterols and tocochromanols attract continuously the interest of food scientists, nutritionists and medical doctors for their importance in food processing, preservation and for their health properties. Provitamin A and non-provitamin A carotenoids are found in various food sources of plant and animal origin and are added to foods as colorants. Their interactions with other food ingredients are critical because of their role against reactive oxygen species. The role of cholesterol through the diet after decades of disputes is better justified whereas at the same time emphasis is given to the technological and health aspects of phytosterols, which became very efficiently part of the daily diet for many population groups. Last but not least the importance of vitamin E is in a continuous debate for over 100years whereas studies on tocotrienols are intensified as a result of a transient to palm oil product consumption globally. Chemistry, natural occurrence, absorption and metabolism, dietary intake and dietary recommendations, major health impacts and key technological issues are updated and discussed with the support of recent findings.
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Lizard G, Hammami M, Poli G. Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Activation of Rejuvenation, Geroprotection and Cytoprotection: Proofs of Concept. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233786. [PMID: 36497045 PMCID: PMC9737771 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a process associated with life [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Lizard
- Team Bio-PeroxIL ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’ (EA 7270), Université de Bourgogne, Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohamed Hammami
- Lab-NAFS ‘Nutrition-Functional Food & Vascular Health’, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, University Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Giuseppe Poli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
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Zeng J, Wang W, Chen Y, Liu X, Xu Q, Qi S, Lan D, Wang Y. Typical Characterization of Commercial Camellia Oil Products Using Different Processing Techniques: Triacylglycerol Profile, Bioactive Compounds, Oxidative Stability, Antioxidant Activity and Volatile Compounds. Foods 2022; 11:3489. [PMID: 36360102 PMCID: PMC9658760 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The processing technique is one of the key factors affecting the quality of camellia oil. In this study, camellia oils were obtained using four different processing techniques (cold-pressed, roast-pressed, fresh-pressed, and refined), and their triacylglycerols (TAGs) profile, bioactive compound (tocopherols, sterols, squalene, and polyphenols) level, oxidative stability, and volatile compounds were analyzed and compared. To further identify characteristic components in four camellia oil products, the TAG profile was analyzed using UPLC-QTOF-MSE. Five characteristic markers were identified, including OOO (m/z 902.8151), POL (m/z 874.7850), SOO (m/z 904.8296), PPL (m/z 848.7693), PPS (m/z 852.7987). Regarding the bioactive compound level and antioxidant capacity, the fresh-pressed technique provided higher α-tocopherols (143.15 mg/kg), β-sitosterol (93.20 mg/kg), squalene (102.08 mg/kg), and polyphenols (35.38 mg/kg) and showed stronger overall oxidation stability and antioxidant capacity. Moreover, a total of 65 volatile compounds were detected and identified in four camellia oil products, namely esters (23), aldehydes (19), acids (8), hydrocarbons (3), ketones (3), and others (9), among which pressed oil was dominated by aldehydes, acid, and esters, while refined oil had few aroma components. This study provided a comprehensive comparative perspective for revealing the significant influence of the processing technique on the camellia oil quality and its significance for producing camellia oil of high quality and with high nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zeng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Weifei Wang
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Suijian Qi
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dongming Lan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Youmei Institute of Intelligent Bio-Manufacturing, Foshan 528226, China
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Han Y, Zhou M, McClements DJ, Liu F, Cheng C, Xiong J, Zhu M, Chen S. Investigation of a novel smart and active packaging materials: Nanoparticle-filled carrageenan-based composite films. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 301:120331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang C, Jiang H, Li Y. Water-in-Oil Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Phytosterol/Chitosan Complex Particles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Simultaneous Analysis of Free/Combined Phytosterols in Rapeseed and Their Dynamic Changes during Microwave Pretreatment and Oil Processing. Foods 2022; 11:3219. [PMCID: PMC9601674 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, a simple, efficient, and rapid solid phase extraction-gas chromatography (SPE–GC) method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of free/combined phytosterols in rapeseed and their dynamic changes during microwave pretreatment and oil processing. First, by comparing different methods for extracting free/combined phytosterols from rapeseed and rapeseed cake, the Folch method was considered to be the optimal method and was selected in subsequent experiments. Subsequently, the extraction method was validated by determining the recoveries of standards (brassinosterol, campesterol, β-sitosterol and cholesteryl oleate) spiked in rapeseed and rapeseed oil samples, and the recoveries were in the range from 82.7% to 104.5% and 83.8% to 116.3%, respectively. The established method was applied to study the dynamic changes of the form and content of phytosterols in rapeseed and its products (rapeseed oil and cake) during rapeseed microwave pretreatment and the oil production process. Additionally, the results showed that more than 55% of the free/combined phytosterols in rapeseed were transferred to rapeseed oil during the oil processing, and this proportion will increase after microwave pretreatment of rapeseed. This work will provide analytical methods and data support for a comprehensive understanding of phytosterols in rapeseed and its products during oil processing.
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Cheng C, Chen S, Su J, Zhu M, Zhou M, Chen T, Han Y. Recent advances in carrageenan-based films for food packaging applications. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1004588. [PMID: 36159449 PMCID: PMC9503319 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1004588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to solve the increasingly serious environmental problems caused by plastic-based packaging, carrageenan-based films are drawing much attentions in food packaging applications, due to low cost, biodegradability, compatibility, and film-forming property. The purpose of this article is to present a comprehensive review of recent developments in carrageenan-based films, including fabrication strategies, physical and chemical properties and novel food packaging applications. Carrageenan can be extracted from red algae mainly by hydrolysis, ultrasonic-assisted and microwave-assisted extraction, and the combination of multiple extraction methods will be future trends in carrageenan extraction methods. Carrageenan can form homogeneous film-forming solutions and fabricate films mainly by direct coating, solvent casting and electrospinning, and mechanism of film formation was discussed in detail. Due to the inherent limitations of the pure carrageenan film, physical and chemical properties of carrageenan films were enhanced by incorporation with other compounds. Therefore, carrageenan-based films can be widely used for extending the shelf life of food and monitoring the food freshness by inhibiting microbial growth, reducing moisture loss and the respiration, etc. This article will provide useful guidelines for further research on carrageenan-based films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaqi Su
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingrui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yahong Han
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Zhang Y, Zhao W, Xing Z, Zhu B, Hou R, Zhang J, Li T, Zhang Z, Wang H, Li Z. Study on the binding behavior and functional properties of soybean protein isolate and β-carotene. Front Nutr 2022; 9:984490. [PMID: 36159458 PMCID: PMC9493324 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.984490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the non-covalent interaction between soybean protein isolate (SPI) and β-carotene (BC). The conformational changes of SPI with β-carotene in varying proportions (BC/SPI: 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) were investigated by multi-spectroscopy and molecular docking. Results showed that the quenching mode is static quenching and binding affinity increased with temperature. The stoichiometry was 1:1, indicating there was only one binding site in SPI. The binding was based on entropy and primarily driven by hydrophobic interactions and its binding constant was in the order of 104 L⋅mol–1. The addition of the β-carotene affected the secondary structure of SPI resulting in an increase in α-Helix and a decrease in random coil and β-turn content, indicating protein aggregated and hydrophobic interactions occurred. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) verified that no new larger molecular weight substance was formed and no covalent interaction existed. Molecular docking corroborated that electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions were both involved in the formation of complexes, where hydrophobic interaction was the dominant one. Moreover, β-carotene improved 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, foaming capacity, and emulsifying stability of SPI. These findings provide useful information about the interaction mechanism of SPI and β-carotene, which contributes to the further development and application of SPI products rich in β-carotene in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Zhang
- College of Healthy Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Yating Zhang,
| | - Wenqi Zhao
- College of Healthy Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuqing Xing
- College of Healthy Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Beibei Zhu
- College of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Engineering, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruiyang Hou
- College of Healthy Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Junxi Zhang
- College of Healthy Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Taoran Li
- College of Healthy Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zifan Zhang
- College of Healthy Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongwu Wang
- College of Healthy Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Engineering, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Zheng Li,
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40
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Lv W, Xu D. Docosahexaenoic Acid Delivery Systems, Bioavailability, Functionality, and Applications: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:2685. [PMID: 36076867 PMCID: PMC9455885 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), mainly found in microalgae and fish oil, is crucial for the growth and development of visual, neurological, and brain. In addition, DHA has been found to improve metabolic disorders associated with obesity and has anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and anti-adipogenesis effects. However, DHA applications in food are often limited due to its low water solubility, instability, and poor bioavailability. Therefore, delivery systems have been developed to enhance the remainder of DHA activity and increase DHA homeostasis and bioavailability. This review focused on the different DHA delivery systems and the in vitro and in vivo digestive characteristics. The research progress on cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, visual, neurological/brain, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, food applications, future trends, and the development potential of DHA delivery systems were also reviewed. DHA delivery systems could overcome the instability of DHA in gastrointestinal digestion, improve the bioavailability of DHA, and better play the role of its functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Lv
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Duoxia Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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41
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Matsuoka R. Property of Phytosterols and Development of Its Containing Mayonnaise-Type Dressing. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081141. [PMID: 35454728 PMCID: PMC9029110 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytosterols are functional ingredients with known efficacy and safety. Phytosterols are found as free sterols or as their esters with fatty acids. Although phytosterol esters are soluble in oil and have been used in many commercial foods, it has been difficult to similarly use free phytosterols since they are insoluble in water and practically insoluble in oil. We have developed mayonnaise-type dressing materials using free phytosterols since people who are conscious about cholesterol intake are likely to be conscious about oil. In this review article, we summarized pieces of evidence for the development of phytosterol-containing mayonnaise-type dressing materials.
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