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Sha Y, Ge M, Lu M, Xu Z, Zhai R, Jin M. Advances in metabolic engineering for enhanced acetyl-CoA availability in yeast. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-19. [PMID: 39266266 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2399542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA is an intermediate metabolite in cellular central metabolism. It's a precursor for various valuable commercial products, including: terpenoids, fatty acids, and polyketides. With the advancement of metabolic and synthetic biology tools, microbial cell factories have been constructed for the efficient synthesis of acetyl-CoA and derivatives, with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica as two prominent chassis. This review summarized the recent developments in the biosynthetic pathways and metabolic engineering approaches for acetyl-CoA and its derivatives synthesis in these two yeasts. First, the metabolic routes involved in the biosynthesis of acetyl-CoA and derived products were outlined. Then, the advancements in metabolic engineering strategies for channeling acetyl-CoA toward the desired products were summarized, with particular emphasis on: enhancing metabolic flux in different organelles, refining precursor CoA synthesis, optimizing substrate utilization, and modifying protein acetylation level. Finally, future developments in advancing the metabolic engineering strategies for acetyl-CoA and related derivatives synthesis, including: reducing CO2 emissions, dynamically regulating metabolic pathways, and exploring the regulatory functions between acetyl-CoA levels and protein acetylation, are highlighted. This review provided new insights into regulating acetyl-CoA synthesis to create more effective microbial cell factories for bio-manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Sha
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Mianshen Ge
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Minrui Lu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoxian Xu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Zhai
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingjie Jin
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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Li DX, Guo Q, Yang YX, Jiang SJ, Ji XJ, Ye C, Wang YT, Shi TQ. Recent Advances and Multiple Strategies of Monoterpenoid Overproduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1647-1662. [PMID: 38860708 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Monoterpenoids are an important subclass of terpenoids that play important roles in the energy, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and fragrances fields. With the development of biotechnology, microbial synthesis of monoterpenoids has received great attention. Yeasts such Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica are emerging as potential hosts for monoterpenoids production because of unique advantages including rapid growth cycles, mature gene editing tools, and clear genetic background. Recently, advancements in metabolic engineering and fermentation engineering have significantly enhanced the accumulation of monoterpenoids in cell factories. First, this review introduces the biosynthetic pathway of monoterpenoids and comprehensively summarizes the latest production strategies, which encompass enhancing precursor flux, modulating the expression of rate-limited enzymes, suppressing competitive pathway flux, mitigating cytotoxicity, optimizing substrate utilization, and refining the fermentation process. Subsequently, this review introduces four representative monoterpenoids. Finally, we outline the future prospects for efficient construction cell factories tailored for the production of monoterpenoids and other terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xun Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Guo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xin Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Jie Jiang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ye
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Tong Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Qiong Shi
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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Bureau JA, Oliva ME, Dong Y, Ignea C. Engineering yeast for the production of plant terpenoids using synthetic biology approaches. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1822-1848. [PMID: 37523210 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00005b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2011-2022The low amounts of terpenoids produced in plants and the difficulty in synthesizing these complex structures have stimulated the production of terpenoid compounds in microbial hosts by metabolic engineering and synthetic biology approaches. Advances in engineering yeast for terpenoid production will be covered in this review focusing on four directions: (1) manipulation of host metabolism, (2) rewiring and reconstructing metabolic pathways, (3) engineering the catalytic activity, substrate selectivity and product specificity of biosynthetic enzymes, and (4) localizing terpenoid production via enzymatic fusions and scaffolds, or subcellular compartmentalization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yueming Dong
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada.
| | - Codruta Ignea
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada.
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Bi H, Xu C, Bao Y, Zhang C, Wang K, Zhang Y, Wang M, Chen B, Fang Y, Tan T. Enhancing precursor supply and modulating metabolism to achieve high-level production of β-farnesene in Yarrowia lipolytica. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 382:129171. [PMID: 37196740 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
β-Farnesene is a sesquiterpene commonly found in essential oils of plants, with applications spanning from agricultural pest control and biofuels to industrial chemicals. The use of renewable substrates in microbial cell factories offers a sustainable approach to β-farnesene biosynthesis. In this study, malic enzyme from Mucor circinelloides was examined for NADPH regeneration, concomitant with the augmentation of cytosolic acetyl-CoA supply by expressing ATP-citrate lyase from Mus musculus and manipulating the citrate pathway via AMP deaminase and isocitrate dehydrogenase. Carbon flux was modulated through the elimination of native 6-phosphofructokinase, while the incorporation of an exogenous non-oxidative glycolysis pathway served to bridge the pentose phosphate pathway with the mevalonate pathway. The resulting orthogonal precursor supply pathway facilitated β-farnesene production, reaching 810 mg/L in shake-flask fermentation. Employing optimal fermentation conditions and feeding strategy, a titer of 28.9 g/L of β-farnesene was attained in a 2 L bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Bi
- National Energy R&D Center of Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Chenchen Xu
- National Energy R&D Center of Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yufei Bao
- National Energy R&D Center of Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Changwei Zhang
- National Energy R&D Center of Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- National Energy R&D Center of Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- National Energy R&D Center of Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- National Energy R&D Center of Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China.
| | - Biqiang Chen
- National Energy R&D Center of Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yunming Fang
- National Energy R&D Center of Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- National Energy R&D Center of Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China.
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Tan N, Ong L, Shukal S, Chen X, Zhang C. High-Yield Biosynthesis of trans-Nerolidol from Sugar and Glycerol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37148252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Isoprenoids, or terpenoids, have wide applications in food, feed, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Nerolidol, an acyclic C15 isoprenoid, is widely used in cosmetics, food, and personal care products. Current supply of nerolidol is mainly from plant extraction that is inefficient, costly, and of inconsistent quality. Here, we screened various nerolidol synthases from bacteria, fungi, and plants and found that the strawberry nerolidol synthase was most active in Escherichia coli. Through systematic optimization of the biosynthetic pathways, carbon sources, inducer, and genome editing, we constructed a series of deletion strains (single mutants ΔldhA, ΔpoxB, ΔpflB, and ΔtnaA; double mutants ΔadhE-ΔldhA; and triple mutants and beyond ΔadhE-ΔldhA-ΔpflB and ΔadhE-ΔldhA-ΔackA-pta) that produced high yields of 100% trans-nerolidol. In flasks, the highest nerolidol titers were 1.8 and 3.3 g/L in glucose-only and glucose-lactose-glycerol media, respectively. The highest yield reached 26.2% (g/g), >90% of the theoretic yield. In two-phase extractive fed-batch fermentation, our strain produced ∼16 g/L nerolidol within 4 days with about 9% carbon yield (g/g). In a single-phase fed-batch fermentation, the strain produced >6.8 g/L nerolidol in 3 days. To the best of our knowledge, our titers and productivity are the highest in the literature, paving the way for future commercialization and inspiring biosynthesis of other isoprenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Tan
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Leonard Ong
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sudha Shukal
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xixian Chen
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Congqiang Zhang
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore 138669, Republic of Singapore
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