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Pagnoncelli Jr FDB, Losada FB, Alvear MJG, Gonzalez-Andujar JL, Trezzi MM, Bittencourt HVH, Salomão HM. Response characterization and target site mechanism study in glyphosate-resistant populations of Lolium multiflorum L. from Brazil. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 198:105737. [PMID: 38225083 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) is an invasive species widely spread in croplands worldwide. The intensive use of glyphosate has resulted in the selection of resistance to this herbicide in Italian ryegrass. This work characterized the response to glyphosate of Italian ryegrass populations from the South and Southwest regions of Paraná, Brazil. A total of 44 Italian ryegrass populations were collected in farming areas, and were classified for glyphosate resistance with 75% of populations resistant to gloyphosate. Of these, 3 resistant (VT05AR, MR20AR and RN01AR) and three susceptible (VT07AS, MR05AS and RN01AS) of these populations were selected to determine the resistance level and the involvement of the target site mechanisms for glyphosate resistance. Susceptible populations GR50 ranged from 165.66 to 218.17 g.e.a. ha-1 and resistant populations from 569.37 to 925.94, providing RI ranging from 2.88 and 4.70. No mutation in EPSPS was observed in the populations, however, in two (MR20AR and RN02AR) of the three resistant populations, an increase in the number of copies of the EPSPs gene (11 to 57×) was detected. The number of copies showed a positive correlation with the gene expression (R2 = 0.86) and with the GR50 of the populations (R2 = 0.81). The increase in EPSPS gene copies contributes to glyphosate resistance in Italian ryegrass populations from Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Barro Losada
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS-CSIC), Alameda del Obispo, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Gimenez Alvear
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS-CSIC), Alameda del Obispo, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jose L Gonzalez-Andujar
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (CSIC), Spain and International Laboratory on Global Change (LINCGlobal) (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo, 14005 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Michelangelo Muzell Trezzi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Via do Conhecimento, km 01, 85503-390 Pato Branco, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Henrique Von Hertwig Bittencourt
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, BR-158, s/n, Zona Rural, 85301-970-Laranjeiras do Sul, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Helis Marina Salomão
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Via do Conhecimento, km 01, 85503-390 Pato Branco, Paraná, Brazil
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Koo DH, Ju Y, Putta K, Sathishraj R, Roma-Burgos N, Jugulam M, Friebe B, Gill BS. Extrachromosomal DNA-mediated glyphosate resistance in Italian ryegrass. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4290-4294. [PMID: 37345512 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An Italian ryegrass population from Arkansas, USA developed glyphosate resistance due to 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene amplification. The plants in this population with approximately 70 EPSPS copies were used in the present study for the physical mapping of amplified copies of EPSPS gene to determine the possible mechanism of EPSPS gene amplification conferring glyphosate resistance in Italian ryegrass. RESULT Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of glyphosate resistant (GR) Italian ryegrass plants with approximately 70 EPSPS copies displayed EPSPS hybridization signals randomly on most of the metaphase chromosomes. Glyphosate susceptible (GS) Italian ryegrass plants with one EPSPS copy displayed single prominent EPSPS hybridization signal, which was co-localized with 5S rDNA locus along with few additional signals on the outside of chromosomes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) followed by DNA blot using EPSPS gene as a probe identified a prominent EPSPS hybridization around the 400 kb region in GR DNA samples, but not in GS DNA samples. CONCLUSION We report the extrachromosomal DNA-mediated glyphosate resistance in Italian ryegrass. Physical mapping of amplified copies of EPSPS gene in Italian ryegrass by FISH gives us a clue that the amplified copies of EPSPS gene may be present in the extrachromosomal DNA elements. Further analysis by PFGE followed by DNA blotting revealed that the extrachromosomal DNA containing EPSPS is approximately 400 kb similar in size with that of eccDNA replicon in Amaranthus palmeri. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dal-Hoe Koo
- Department of Plant Pathology, Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Yoonha Ju
- Department of Plant Pathology, Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Karthik Putta
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Rajendran Sathishraj
- Department of Plant Pathology, Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Nilda Roma-Burgos
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Mithila Jugulam
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Bernd Friebe
- Department of Plant Pathology, Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Bikram S Gill
- Department of Plant Pathology, Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Zhang C, Yu CJ, Yu Q, Guo WL, Zhang TJ, Tian XS. Evolution of multiple target-site resistance mechanisms in individual plants of glyphosate-resistant Eleusine indica from China. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4810-4817. [PMID: 34161662 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyphosate has been used for weed control in South China in various situations for four decades, and most Eleusine indica populations are suspected to have evolved resistance to glyphosate. This research investigated underling target-site glyphosate resistance mechanisms in six field-collected, putative glyphosate-resistant (R) E. indica populations. RESULTS The six R E. indica populations were confirmed to be low (1.8 to 2.6-fold) to moderately (5.6- to 8.4-fold) resistant to glyphosate relative to the susceptible (S) population. Sixty-seven glyphosate-surviving plants from the six R populations were used to examine target-site resistance mechanisms. Target-site 5-enolpyruvylshikimate3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) overexpression (OE) (plus further induction by glyphosate treatment) and gene copy number variation (CNV) occurred in 94% R plants, and among them, 16% had the P106A mutation and 49% had the heterozygous double TIPS (T102I + P106S) mutation (plus P381L). In addition, a low number of R plants (6%) only had the homologous TIPS (plus P381L) mutation. The (CT)6 insertion mutation in the EPSPS 5†-UTR always associates with EPSPS OE and CNV. Progeny plants possessing EPSPS OE/CNV (and P106A) displayed low level (up to 4.5-fold) glyphosate resistance. In contrast, plants homozygous for the TIPS mutation displayed higher (25-fold) resistance to glyphosate and followed by plants heterozygous for this mutation plus EPSPS OE/CNV (12-fold). CONCLUSIONS Target-site glyphosate resistance in E. indica populations from South China is common with prevalence of EPSPS OE/induction/CNV conferring low level resistance. Individual plants acquiring both the TIPS mutation and EPSPS OE/CNV are favored due to evolutionary advantages. The role of (CT)6 insertion mutation in EPSPS CNV is worth further investigation. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Jie Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wen-Lei Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tai-Jie Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Shan Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Identification of the most suitable reference gene for gene expression studies with development and abiotic stress response in Bromus sterilis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13393. [PMID: 34183710 PMCID: PMC8238991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92780-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromus sterilis is an annual weedy grass, causing high yield losses in winter cereals. Frequent use of herbicides had led to the evolution of herbicide resistance in this species. Mechanisms underlying herbicide resistance in B. sterilis must be uncovered because this problem is becoming a global threat. qRT-PCR and the next-generation sequencing technologies can elucidate the resistance mechanisms. Although qRT-PCR can calculate precise fold changes, its preciseness depends on the expression of reference genes. Regardless of stable expression in any given condition, no gene can act as a universal reference gene. Hence, it is necessary to identify the suitable reference gene for each species. To our knowledge, there are no reports on the suitable reference gene in any brome species so far. Thus, in this paper, the stability of eight genes was evaluated using qRT-PCR experiments followed by expression stability ranking via five most commonly used software for reference gene selection. Our findings suggest using a combination of 18S rRNA and ACCase to normalise the qRT-PCR data in B. sterilis. Besides, reference genes are also recommended for different experimental conditions. The present study outcomes will facilitate future molecular work in B. sterilis and other related grass species.
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Vázquez-García JG, Rojano-Delgado AM, Alcántara-de la Cruz R, Torra J, Dellaferrera I, Portugal J, De Prado R. Distribution of Glyphosate-Resistance in Echinochloa crus-galli Across Agriculture Areas in the Iberian Peninsula. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:617040. [PMID: 33679831 PMCID: PMC7928338 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.617040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The levels of resistance to glyphosate of 13 barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) populations harvested across different agriculture areas in the Southern Iberian Peninsula were determined in greenhouse and laboratory experiments. Shikimate accumulation fast screening separated the populations regarding resistance to glyphosate: susceptible (S) E2, E3, E4, and E6 and resistant (R) E1, E5, E7, E8, E9, E10, E11, E12, and E13. However, resistance factor (GR50 E1-E13/GR50 E6) values separated these populations into three groups: (S) E2, E3, E4, and E6, (R) E1, E5, E7, E8, and E9, and very resistant (VR) E10, E11, E12, and E13. 14C-glyphosate assays performed on two S populations (E2 and E6) showed greater absorption and translocation than those found for R (E7 and E9) and VR (E10 and E12) populations. No previous population metabolized glyphosate to amino methyl phosphonic acid (AMPA) and glyoxylate, except for the E10 population that metabolized 51% to non-toxic products. The VR populations showed two times more 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) activity without herbicide than the rest, while the inhibition of the EPSPS activity by 50% (I50) required much higher glyphosate in R and VR populations than in S populations. These results indicated that different target-site and non-target-site resistance mechanisms were implicated in the resistance to glyphosate in E. crus-galli. Our results conclude that resistance is independent of climate, type of crop, and geographic region and that the level of glyphosate resistance was mainly due to the selection pressure made by the herbicide on the different populations of E. crus-galli studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- José G. Vázquez-García
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | - Joel Torra
- Department d’Hortofruticultura, Botànica i Jardineria, Agrotecnio, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ignacio Dellaferrera
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, National University of the Litoral, Esperanza, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Godoy Cruz, Argentina
| | - João Portugal
- Biosciences Department, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, Beja, Portugal
- VALORIZA-Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Portalegre, Portugal
| | - Rafael De Prado
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Singh V, Etheredge L, McGinty J, Morgan G, Bagavathiannan M. First case of glyphosate resistance in weedy sunflower (Helianthus annuus). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:3685-3692. [PMID: 32419329 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weedy sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a troublesome weed in row-crop production fields in South Texas. Populations with suspected resistance to glyphosate were evaluated with 1X and 4X rates (X = 868 g ae ha-1 ) of the herbicide, followed by a dose-response assay of the most resistant population. Molecular studies were conducted to determine if target-site mechanisms were responsible for resistance in these populations. Additionally, field experiments were conducted at two locations (Somerville and Granger, TX) to evaluate the effectiveness of different tank-mix combinations in controlling naturally infesting glyphosate-resistant (GR) weedy sunflower populations in GR corn. RESULTS In a study conducted in the growth chamber, seven of the 11 tested populations survived up to the 4X rate of glyphosate. The most-resistant population (TX15-11) was 29-fold more resistant to glyphosate, compared to the susceptible standard. In resistant populations, 5-21 more copies of the EPSPS gene were observed compared to the susceptible standard. In the field studies, tank-mix applications of glyphosate + halosulfuron-methyl, glyphosate + prosulfuron, glyphosate + a premix of halosulfuron-methyl and dicamba or glyphosate + a premix of diflufenzopyr and dicamba effectively controlled GR weedy sunflower populations. CONCLUSION Glyphosate-resistance was observed in 81% of the putative resistant weedy sunflower populations tested in this study. Resistance in these populations was conferred primarily by amplification of the EPSPS gene. Effective control of GR weedy sunflower can be achieved by tank-mixes tested in the current study, which provides acceptable levels of crop safety. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Singh
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Josh McGinty
- AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Gaylon Morgan
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Candidate Target Genes Involved in Glyphosate-Resistance Mechanism in Lolium multiflorum. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060685. [PMID: 32481698 PMCID: PMC7357135 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum; LOLMU) is one of the most troublesome weeds in temperate regions in the world. This weed species interfere with wheat, corn, rye, and oat, causing significant crop yield losses. This species has evolved glyphosate resistance, making it difficult to control. The mechanisms of glyphosate resistance are still unknown, and an understanding thereof will favor the development of new strategies of management. The present study is the first transcriptome study in LOLMU using glyphosate-resistant and -sensitive biotypes, aiming to identify and to provide a list of the candidate target genes related to glyphosate resistance mechanism. The transcriptome was assembled de novo, producing 87,433 contigs with an N50 of 740 bp and an average length of 575 bp. There were 92 and 54 up- and down-regulated genes, respectively, in the resistant biotype, while a total of 1683 were differentially expressed in the sensitive biotype in response to glyphosate treatment. We selected 14 highly induced genes and seven with repressed expression in the resistant biotype in response to glyphosate. Of these genes, a significant proportion were related to the plasma membrane, indicating that there is a barrier making it difficult for glyphosate to enter the cell.
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Brunharo CADCG, Morran S, Martin K, Moretti ML, Hanson BD. EPSPS duplication and mutation involved in glyphosate resistance in the allotetraploid weed species Poa annua L. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:1663-1670. [PMID: 30506940 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poa annua is a widespread winter annual weed species in California. Recently, poor control of this species with glyphosate was reported by growers in an almond orchard in California with a history of repetitive glyphosate use. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the level of glyphosate resistance in a developed S4 P. annua line (R) and identify the mechanisms of resistance involved. RESULTS Whole-plant dose-response experiments confirmed glyphosate resistance in R, which required 18-fold more glyphosate to achieve a 50% growth reduction compared with a susceptible line (S), results that were supported by the lower shikimate accumulation observed in R compared with S. No differences in glyphosate absorption, translocation, or metabolism were observed, suggesting that non-target-site mechanisms of resistance are not involved in the resistance phenotype. A missense single nucleotide polymorphism was observed in EPSPS coding position 106 in R, resulting in a leucine to proline substitution. This polymorphism was observed exclusively in P. supina EPSPS homeologs. A seven-fold increase in the number of copies of EPSPS alleles was observed in R compared with S. CONCLUSIONS We report the first case of glyphosate resistance associated with both EPSPS duplication and target-site mutation at position 106, leading to high levels of glyphosate resistance in the allotetraploid weed species Poa annua L. Data obtained in this research will be useful for the development of diagnostic tools for rapid glyphosate resistance identification, monitoring and containment. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Morran
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Katie Martin
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Marcelo L Moretti
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Bradley D Hanson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Zhang C, Feng L, Tian XS. Alterations in the 5' untranslated region of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene influence EPSPS overexpression in glyphosate-resistant Eleusine indica. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:2561-2568. [PMID: 29701010 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The herbicide glyphosate inhibits the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). Overexpression of the EPSPS gene is one of the molecular mechanisms conferring glyphosate resistance in weeds, but the transcriptional regulation of this gene is poorly understood. The EPSPS gene was found to be significantly up-regulated following glyphosate treatment in a glyphosate-resistant Eleusine indica population from southern China. To further investigate the regulation of EPSPS overexpression, the promoter of the EPSPS gene from this E. indica population was cloned and analyzed. RESULTS Two upstream regulatory sequences, Epro-S (862 bp) and Epro-R (877 bp), of EPSPS were obtained from glyphosate-susceptible (S) and -resistant (R) E. indica plants, respectively, by high-efficiency thermal asymmetric interlaced polymerase chain reaction (HiTAIL-PCR). The Epro-S and Epro-R sequences were 99% homologous, except for two insertions (3 and12 bp) in the R sequence. The 12-base insertion in the Epro-R sequence was located in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) pyrimidine nucleotide-rich (Py-rich) stretch element. Promoter activity tests showed that the 12-base insertion resulted in significant enhancement of Epro-R promoter activity, whereas the 3-base insertion had little effect on Epro-R promoter activity. CONCLUSION Alterations in the 5' UTR Py-rich stretch element of EPSPS are responsible for glyphosate-induced EPSPS overexpression. Thus, EPSPS transcriptional regulation confers glyphosate resistance in this E. indica population. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Shan Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Li J, Peng Q, Han H, Nyporko A, Kulynych T, Yu Q, Powles S. Glyphosate Resistance in Tridax procumbens via a Novel EPSPS Thr-102-Ser Substitution. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7880-7888. [PMID: 29985610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study confirmed the first case of glyphosate resistance in Tridax procumbens and investigated the glyphosate-resistance mechanisms. Sequencing and cloning of the full 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) coding sequences revealed a point mutation (ACC to TCC) at amino acid position 102, resulting in a novel Thr-102-Ser substitution. Other possible resistance mechanisms (i.e., target-site EPSPS-gene overexpression, nontarget-site differential glyphosate uptake and translocation) were also examined and were unlikely to be involved in resistance in this population. Structural modeling of the wild-type and mutant EPSPS in complex with glyphosate and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) revealed that the Thr-102-Ser substitution weakly decreased EPSPS affinity to glyphosate, but sharply increased EPSPS affinity to the natural substrate, PEP. Therefore, this novel mutation is very likely responsible for the observed glyphosate resistance in this tetraploid weed species via dual mechanisms of reducing glyphosate binding and favoring PEP binding to EPSPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control , Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology , Loudi 417000 , China
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute , Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Changsha 410125 , China
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment , University of Western Australia , Perth , WA 6009 , Australia
| | - Qiong Peng
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute , Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Changsha 410125 , China
| | - Heping Han
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment , University of Western Australia , Perth , WA 6009 , Australia
| | - Alex Nyporko
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Kiev 01033 , Ukraine
| | - Tymofii Kulynych
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Kiev 01033 , Ukraine
| | - Qin Yu
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment , University of Western Australia , Perth , WA 6009 , Australia
| | - Stephen Powles
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment , University of Western Australia , Perth , WA 6009 , Australia
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Van Horn CR, Moretti ML, Robertson RR, Segobye K, Weller SC, Young BG, Johnson WG, Schulz B, Green AC, Jeffery T, Lespérance MA, Tardif FJ, Sikkema PH, Hall JC, McLean MD, Lawton MB, Sammons RD, Wang D, Westra P, Gaines TA. Glyphosate resistance in Ambrosia trifida: Part 1. Novel rapid cell death response to glyphosate. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1071-1078. [PMID: 28266132 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyphosate-resistant (GR) Ambrosia trifida is now present in the midwestern United States and in southwestern Ontario, Canada. Two distinct GR phenotypes are known, including a rapid response (GR RR) phenotype, which exhibits cell death within hours after treatment, and a non-rapid response (GR NRR) phenotype. The mechanisms of resistance in both GR RR and GR NRR remain unknown. Here, we present a description of the RR phenotype and an investigation of target-site mechanisms on multiple A. trifida accessions. RESULTS Glyphosate resistance was confirmed in several accessions, and whole-plant levels of resistance ranged from 2.3- to 7.5-fold compared with glyphosate-susceptible (GS) accessions. The two GR phenotypes displayed similar levels of resistance, despite having dramatically different phenotypic responses to glyphosate. Glyphosate resistance was not associated with mutations in EPSPS sequence, increased EPSPS copy number, EPSPS quantity, or EPSPS activity. CONCLUSION These encompassing results suggest that resistance to glyphosate in these GR RR A. trifida accessions is not conferred by a target-site resistance mechanism. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Van Horn
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA, USA
| | - Marcelo L Moretti
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Renae R Robertson
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Kabelo Segobye
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Stephen C Weller
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Bryan G Young
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - William G Johnson
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Burkhard Schulz
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Amanda C Green
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Taylor Jeffery
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - François J Tardif
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Peter H Sikkema
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J Christopher Hall
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Michael D McLean
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Philip Westra
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Todd A Gaines
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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12
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Tehranchian P, Nandula V, Jugulam M, Putta K, Jasieniuk M. Multiple resistance to glyphosate, paraquat and ACCase-inhibiting herbicides in Italian ryegrass populations from California: confirmation and mechanisms of resistance. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:868-877. [PMID: 29072814 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyphosate, paraquat and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides are widely used in California annual and perennial cropping systems. Recently, glyphosate, paraquat, and ACCase- and acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitor resistance was confirmed in several Italian ryegrass populations from the Central Valley of California. This research characterized the possible mechanisms of resistance. RESULTS Multiple-resistant populations (MR1, MR2) are resistant to several herbicides from at least three modes of action. Dose-response experiments revealed that the MR1 population was 45.9-, 122.7- and 20.5-fold, and the MR2 population was 24.8-, 93.9- and 4.0-fold less susceptible to glyphosate, sethoxydim and paraquat, respectively, than the susceptible (Sus) population. Accumulation of shikimate in Sus plants was significantly greater than in MR plants 32 h after light pretreatments. Glyphosate resistance in MR plants was at least partially due to Pro106-to-Ala and Pro106-to-Thr substitutions at site 106 of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). EPSPS gene copy number and expression level were similar in plants from the Sus and MR populations. An Ile1781-to-Leu substitution in ACCase gene of MR plants conferred a high level of resistance to sethoxydim and cross-resistance to other ACCase-inhibitors. Radiolabeled herbicide studies and phosphorimaging indicated that MR plants had restricted translocation of 14 C-paraquat to untreated leaves compared to Sus plants. CONCLUSION This study shows that multiple herbicide resistance in Italian ryegrass populations in California, USA, is due to both target-site and non-target-site resistance mechanisms. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parsa Tehranchian
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Vijay Nandula
- Crop Production Systems Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - Mithila Jugulam
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Karthik Putta
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Marie Jasieniuk
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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13
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Gherekhloo J, Fernández-Moreno PT, Alcántara-de la Cruz R, Sánchez-González E, Cruz-Hipolito HE, Domínguez-Valenzuela JA, De Prado R. Pro-106-Ser mutation and EPSPS overexpression acting together simultaneously in glyphosate-resistant goosegrass (Eleusine indica). Sci Rep 2017; 7:6702. [PMID: 28751654 PMCID: PMC5532362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate has been used for more than 15 years for weed management in citrus groves in the Gulf of Mexico, at up to 3-4 applications per year. Goosegrass (Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.) control has sometimes failed. In this research, the mechanisms governing three goosegrass biotypes (Ein-Or from an orange grove, and Ein-Pl1 and Ein-Pl2 from Persian lime groves) with suspected resistance to glyphosate were characterized and compared to a susceptible biotype (Ein-S). Dose-response and shikimate accumulation assays confirmed resistance of the resistant (R) biotypes. There were no differences in glyphosate absorption, but the R biotypes retained up to 62-78% of the herbicide in the treated leaf at 96 h after treatment (HAT), in comparison to the Ein-S biotype (36%). The 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) activity in the Ein-Or and Ein-S biotypes was over 100-fold lower than the Ein-Pl1 and Ein-Pl2 ones. The latter showed a high EPSPS-basal activity, a mutation at Pro-106-Ser position in the EPSPS gene, and EPSPS overexpression. The EPSPS basal and EPSPS overexpression were positively correlated. The R goosegrass biotypes displayed poor glyphosate translocation. Furthermore, this grassweed showed, for the first time, two mechanisms at the target-site level (Pro-106-Ser mutation + EPSPS overexpression) acting together simultaneously against glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Gherekhloo
- Department of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 49189-43464, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Pablo T Fernández-Moreno
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, Campus of Rabanales, University of Cordoba, 14071, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Rafael De Prado
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, Campus of Rabanales, University of Cordoba, 14071, Cordoba, Spain
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14
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Dominguez-Valenzuela JA, Gherekhloo J, Fernández-Moreno PT, Cruz-Hipolito HE, Alcántara-de la Cruz R, Sánchez-González E, De Prado R. First confirmation and characterization of target and non-target site resistance to glyphosate in Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) from Mexico. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 115:212-218. [PMID: 28384561 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Following the introduction of glyphosate-resistant (GR)-cotton crops in Mexico, farmers have relied upon glyphosate as being the only herbicide for in-season weed control. Continuous use of glyphosate within the same year and over multiple successive years has resulted in the selection of glyphosate resistance in Palmer amaranth (Amarantus palmeri). Dose-response assays confirmed resistance in seven different accessions. The resistance ratio based on GR50 values (50% growth reduction) varied between 12 and 83. At 1000 μM glyphosate, shikimic acid accumulation in the S-accession was 30- to 2-fold higher at compared to R-accessions. At 96 h after treatment, 35-44% and 61% of applied 14C-glyphosate was taken up by leaves of plants from R- and S-accessions, respectively. At this time, a significantly higher proportion of the glyphosate absorbed remained in the treated leaf of R-plants (55-69%) compared to S-plants (36%). Glyphosate metabolism was low and did not differ between resistant and susceptible plants. Glyphosate was differentially metabolized to AMPA and glyoxylate in plants of R- and S-accessions, although it was low in both accessions (<10%). There were differences in 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) enzyme activity by 50% (I50) between R- and S-accessions. However, no significant differences were found in the basal EPSPS activity (μmol inorganic phosphate μg-1 total soluble protein min-1) between R- and S-accessions. A point mutation Pro-106-Ser was evidenced in three accessions. The results confirmed the resistance of Palmer amaranth accessions to glyphosate collected from GR-cotton crops from Mexico. This is the first study demonstrating glyphosate-resistance in Palmer amaranth from Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javid Gherekhloo
- Department of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo Sánchez-González
- Department of Agricultural Parasitology, Chapingo Autonomous University, Road México-Texcoco Km. 38.5, 56230 Texcoco, Mexico.
| | - Rafael De Prado
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain.
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15
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Chen J, Huang Z, Huang H, Wei S, Liu Y, Jiang C, Zhang J, Zhang C. Selection of relatively exact reference genes for gene expression studies in goosegrass (Eleusine indica) under herbicide stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46494. [PMID: 28429727 PMCID: PMC5399354 DOI: 10.1038/srep46494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) is one of the most serious annual grassy weeds worldwide, and its evolved herbicide-resistant populations are more difficult to control. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is a common technique for investigating the resistance mechanism; however, there is as yet no report on the systematic selection of stable reference genes for goosegrass. This study proposed to test the expression stability of 9 candidate reference genes in goosegrass in different tissues and developmental stages and under stress from three types of herbicide. The results show that for different developmental stages and organs (control), eukaryotic initiation factor 4 A (eIF-4) is the most stable reference gene. Chloroplast acetolactate synthase (ALS) is the most stable reference gene under glyphosate stress. Under glufosinate stress, eIF-4 is the best reference gene. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (UCE) is the most stable reference gene under quizalofop-p-ethyl stress. The gene eIF-4 is the recommended reference gene for goosegrass under the stress of all three herbicides. Moreover, pairwise analysis showed that seven reference genes were sufficient to normalize the gene expression data under three herbicides treatment. This study provides a list of reliable reference genes for transcript normalization in goosegrass, which will facilitate resistance mechanism studies in this weed species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Weed and Rodent Biology and Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Zhaofeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Weed and Rodent Biology and Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Hongjuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Weed and Rodent Biology and Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shouhui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Weed and Rodent Biology and Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, P. R. China
| | - Cuilan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Weed and Rodent Biology and Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Chaoxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Weed and Rodent Biology and Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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16
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Fernández-Moreno PT, Alcántara-de la Cruz R, Smeda RJ, De Prado R. Differential Resistance Mechanisms to Glyphosate Result in Fitness Cost for Lolium perenne and L. multiflorum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1796. [PMID: 29089958 PMCID: PMC5651048 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiple mechanisms of resistance to glyphosate are exhibited by populations of Lolium spp. worldwide. Association of resistance with growth and reproductive fitness is an important predictor for long-term success of glyphosate-resistant (R) versus glyphosate-susceptible (S) biotypes. Numerous studies were conducted on R- and S-biotypes of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and perennial ryegrass (L. perenne) to characterize the underlying mechanism(s) of glyphosate resistance and associate this with growth and reproductive fitness. L. perenne expressed both altered uptake and translocation as well as a genetic change at 106-Pro to -Ser, This pattern for two resistance mechanisms is unique. L. multiflorum also exhibited altered uptake and translocation as well as duplication of EPSPS gene copies. Reduced plant biomass and height for R-versus S-biotypes of both species was evident over two growing seasons. This resulted in S- versus R- L. multiflorum producing up to 47 and 38% more seeds in 2014 and 2015, respectively. S- L. perenne produced up to 20 and 30% more seeds in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Both non-target site and target-site mechanisms of glyphosate resistance can render Lolium spp. at a competitive disadvantage. This has long-term implications for the success of glyphosate-resistant plants in the absence of selection pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo T. Fernández-Moreno
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- *Correspondence: Pablo T. Fernández-Moreno,
| | | | - Reid J. Smeda
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Rafael De Prado
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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17
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Bracamonte ER, Fernández-Moreno PT, Bastida F, Osuna MD, Alcántara-de la Cruz R, Cruz-Hipolito HE, De Prado R. Identifying Chloris Species from Cuban Citrus Orchards and Determining Their Glyphosate-Resistance Status. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1977. [PMID: 29187862 PMCID: PMC5694787 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Chloris genus is a C4 photosynthetic species mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Populations of three Chloris species occurring in citrus orchards from central Cuba, under long history glyphosate-based weed management, were studied for glyphosate-resistant status by characterizing their herbicide resistance/tolerance mechanisms. Morphological and molecular analyses allowed these species to be identified as C. ciliata Sw., Chloris elata Desv., and Chloris barbata Sw. Based on the glyphosate rate that causes 50% mortality of the treated plants, glyphosate resistance (R) was confirmed only in C. elata, The R population was 6.1-fold more resistant compared to the susceptible (S) population. In addition, R plants of C. elata accumulated 4.6-fold less shikimate after glyphosate application than S plants. Meanwhile, populations of C. barbata and C. ciliata with or without glyphosate application histories showed similar LD50 values and shikimic acid accumulation rates, demonstrating that resistance to glyphosate have not evolved in these species. Plants of R and S populations of C. elata differed in 14C-glyphosate absorption and translocation. The R population exhibited 27.3-fold greater 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) activity than the S population due to a target site mutation corresponding to a Pro-106-Ser substitution found in the EPSPS gene. These reports show the innate tolerance to glyphosate of C. barbata and C. ciliata, and confirm the resistance of C. elata to this herbicide, showing that both non-target site and target-site mechanisms are involved in its resistance to glyphosate. This is the first case of herbicide resistance in Cuba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo R. Bracamonte
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Cordoba (UNC), Cordoba, Argentina
| | | | - Fernando Bastida
- Department of Agroforestry Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - María D. Osuna
- Agrarian Research Center “Finca La Orden Valdesequera”, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ricardo Alcántara-de la Cruz
- Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Ricardo Alcántara-de la Cruz
| | | | - Rafael De Prado
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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18
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Iwakami S, Shimono Y, Manabe Y, Endo M, Shibaike H, Uchino A, Tominaga T. Copy Number Variation in Acetolactate Synthase Genes of Thifensulfuron-Methyl Resistant Alopecurus aequalis (Shortawn Foxtail) Accessions in Japan. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:254. [PMID: 28303143 PMCID: PMC5332366 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Severe infestations of Alopecurus aequalis (shortawn foxtail), a noxious weed in wheat and barley cropping systems in Japan, can occur even after application of thifensulfuron-methyl, a sulfonylurea (SU) herbicide. In the present study, nine accessions of A. aequalis growing in a single wheat field were tested for sensitivity to thifensulfuron-methyl. Seven of the nine accessions survived application of standard field rates of thifensulfuron-methyl, indicating that severe infestations likely result from herbicide resistance. Acetolactate synthase (ALS) is the target enzyme of SU herbicides. Full-length genes encoding ALS were therefore isolated to determine the mechanism of SU resistance. As a result, differences in ALS gene copy numbers among accessions were revealed. Two copies, ALS1 and ALS2, were conserved in all accessions, while some carried two additional copies, ALS3 and ALS4. A single-base deletion in ALS3 and ALS4 further indicated that they represent pseudogenes. No differences in ploidy level were observed between accessions with two or four copies of the ALS gene, suggesting that copy number varies. Resistant plants were found to carry a mutation in either the ALS1 or ALS2 gene, with all mutations causing an amino acid substitution at the Pro197 residue, which is known to confer SU resistance. Transcription of each ALS gene copy was confirmed by reverse transcription PCR, supporting involvement of these mutations in SU resistance. The information on the copy number and full-length sequences of ALS genes in A. aequalis will aid future analysis of the mechanism of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Iwakami
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
- Crop Production Systems Division, NARO Agricultural Research CenterTsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of TsukubaTsukuba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Satoshi Iwakami,
| | - Yoshiko Shimono
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Manabe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Endo
- Plant Genome Engineering Research Unit, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Akira Uchino
- Crop Production Systems Division, NARO Agricultural Research CenterTsukuba, Japan
- Central Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsu, Japan
| | - Tohru Tominaga
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
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19
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Karn E, Jasieniuk M. Nucleotide Diversity at Site 106 of EPSPS in Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum from California Indicates Multiple Evolutionary Origins of Herbicide Resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:777. [PMID: 28536598 PMCID: PMC5423406 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The repeated evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds is an ongoing problem in agricultural regions across the world, and presents a unique system in which to study the origins and spread of adaptive traits across heterogeneous landscapes. Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) (Italian ryegrass) is a widespread grass weed of agricultural crops that has repeatedly evolved resistance to herbicides across the world. In California, resistance to glyphosate has become increasingly common. To identify the mechanisms conferring glyphosate resistance in California populations of L. perenne and to gain insights into the evolutionary origins and spread of resistance in the region, we investigated the frequency of target-site mutations conferring resistance to glyphosate combined with the frequency of resistant individuals in 14 populations. A region of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) was sequenced in 401 individuals to assay for target site mutations. Seven unique alleles were detected at codon site 106, four of which have been previously shown to confer target-site-based resistance to glyphosate. Four different resistance alleles were detected, indicating that resistance to glyphosate has evolved multiple times in the region. In two populations, no EPSPS mutations were detected despite the presence of resistant plants, strongly suggesting that non-target-site-based mechanisms confer resistance to glyphosate in these populations. It is likely that resistance to glyphosate in these 14 California populations of L. perenne derives from at least five evolutionary origins, indicating that adaptive traits can evolve repeatedly over agricultural landscapes.
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20
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Chen J, Huang H, Wei S, Huang Z, Wang X, Zhang C. Investigating the mechanisms of glyphosate resistance in goosegrass (Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.) by RNA sequencing technology. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 89:407-415. [PMID: 27743420 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is an important non-selective herbicide that is in common use worldwide. However, evolved glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds significantly affect crop yields. Unfortunately, the mechanisms underlying resistance in GR weeds, such as goosegrass (Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.), an annual weed found worldwide, have not been fully elucidated. In this study, transcriptome analysis was conducted to further assess the potential mechanisms of glyphosate resistance in goosegrass. The RNA sequencing libraries generated 24 597 462 clean reads. De novo assembly analysis produced 48 852 UniGenes with an average length of 847 bp. All UniGenes were annotated using seven databases. Sixteen candidate differentially expressed genes selected by digital gene expression analysis were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Among these UniGenes, the EPSPS and PFK genes were constitutively up-regulated in resistant (R) individuals and showed a higher copy number than that in susceptible (S) individuals. The expressions of four UniGenes relevant to photosynthesis were inhibited by glyphosate in S individuals, and this toxic response was confirmed by gas exchange analysis. Two UniGenes annotated as glutathione transferase (GST) were constitutively up-regulated in R individuals, and were induced by glyphosate both in R and S. In addition, the GST activities in R individuals were higher than in S. Our research confirmed that two UniGenes (PFK, EPSPS) were strongly associated with target resistance, and two GST-annotated UniGenes may play a role in metabolic glyphosate resistance in goosegrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Weed and Rodent Biology and Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongjuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Weed and Rodent Biology and Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shouhui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Weed and Rodent Biology and Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaofeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Weed and Rodent Biology and Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Weed and Rodent Biology and Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chaoxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Weed and Rodent Biology and Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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21
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Alcántara-de la Cruz R, Rojano-Delgado AM, Giménez MJ, Cruz-Hipolito HE, Domínguez-Valenzuela JA, Barro F, De Prado R. First Resistance Mechanisms Characterization in Glyphosate-Resistant Leptochloa virgata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1742. [PMID: 27917189 PMCID: PMC5114308 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Leptochloa virgata (L.) P. Beauv. is an annual weed common in citrus groves in the states of Puebla and Veracruz, Mexico limiting their production. Since 2010, several L. virgata populations were identified as being resistant to glyphosate, but studies of their resistance mechanisms developed by this species have been conducted. In this work, three glyphosate-resistant populations (R8, R14, and R15) collected in citrus orchards from Mexico, were used to study their resistance mechanisms comparing them to one susceptible population (S). Dose-response and shikimic acid accumulation assays confirmed the glyphosate resistance of the three resistant populations. Higher doses of up to 720 g ae ha-1 (field dose) were needed to control by 50% plants of resistant populations. The S population absorbed between 7 and 13% more 14C-glyphosate than resistant ones, and translocated up to 32.2% of 14C-glyphosate to the roots at 96 h after treatment (HAT). The R8, R14, and R15 populations translocated only 24.5, 26.5, and 21.9%, respectively. The enzyme activity of 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) was not different in the S, R8 and R14 populations. The R15 Population exhibited 165.9 times greater EPSPS activity. Additionally, this population showed a higher EPSPS basal activity and a substitution in the codon 106 from Proline to Serine in the EPSPS protein sequence. EPSPS gene expression in the R15 population was similar to that of S population. In conclusion, the three resistant L. virgata populations show reduced absorption and translocation of 14C-glyphosate. Moreover, a mutation and an enhanced EPSPS basal activity at target-site level confers higher resistance to glyphosate. These results describe for the first time the glyphosate resistance mechanisms developed by resistant L. virgata populations of citrus orchards from Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonia M. Rojano-Delgado
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, Campus of Rabanales, University of CordobaCordoba, Spain
| | - María J. Giménez
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research CouncilCordoba, Spain
| | | | | | - Francisco Barro
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research CouncilCordoba, Spain
| | - Rafael De Prado
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, Campus of Rabanales, University of CordobaCordoba, Spain
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22
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Alcántara-de la Cruz R, Fernández-Moreno PT, Ozuna CV, Rojano-Delgado AM, Cruz-Hipolito HE, Domínguez-Valenzuela JA, Barro F, De Prado R. Target and Non-target Site Mechanisms Developed by Glyphosate-Resistant Hairy beggarticks ( Bidens pilosa L.) Populations from Mexico. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1492. [PMID: 27752259 PMCID: PMC5046737 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In 2014 hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa L.) has been identified as being glyphosate-resistant in citrus orchards from Mexico. The target and non-target site mechanisms involved in the response to glyphosate of two resistant populations (R1 and R2) and one susceptible (S) were studied. Experiments of dose-response, shikimic acid accumulation, uptake-translocation, enzyme activity and 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene sequencing were carried out in each population. The R1 and R2 populations were 20.4 and 2.8-fold less glyphosate sensitive, respectively, than the S population. The resistant populations showed a lesser shikimic acid accumulation than the S population. In the latter one, 24.9% of 14C-glyphosate was translocated to the roots at 96 h after treatment; in the R1 and R2 populations only 12.9 and 15.5%, respectively, was translocated. Qualitative results confirmed the reduced 14C-glyphosate translocation in the resistant populations. The EPSPS enzyme activity of the S population was 128.4 and 8.5-fold higher than the R1 and R2 populations of glyphosate-treated plants, respectively. A single (Pro-106-Ser), and a double (Thr-102-Ile followed by Pro-106-Ser) mutations were identified in the EPSPS2 gene conferred high resistance in R1 population. Target-site mutations associated with a reduced translocation were responsible for the higher glyphosate resistance in the R1 population. The low-intermediate resistance of the R2 population was mediated by reduced translocation. This is the first glyphosate resistance case confirmed in hairy beggarticks in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Alcántara-de la Cruz
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, Campus of Rabanales, University of CordobaCordoba, Spain
- Department of Agricultural Parasitology, Chapingo Autonomous UniversityTexcoco, Mexico
| | - Pablo T. Fernández-Moreno
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, Campus of Rabanales, University of CordobaCordoba, Spain
| | - Carmen V. Ozuna
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research CouncilCordoba, Spain
| | - Antonia M. Rojano-Delgado
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, Campus of Rabanales, University of CordobaCordoba, Spain
| | | | | | - Francisco Barro
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research CouncilCordoba, Spain
| | - Rafael De Prado
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, Campus of Rabanales, University of CordobaCordoba, Spain
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Fernández-Moreno PT, Alcantara-de la Cruz R, Cruz-Hipólito HE, Rojano-Delgado AM, Travlos I, De Prado R. Non-target Site Tolerance Mechanisms Describe Tolerance to Glyphosate in Avena sterilis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1220. [PMID: 27570531 PMCID: PMC4981696 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sterile wild oat (Avena sterilis L.) is an autogamous grass established in warm climate regions. This species has been used as a cover crop in Mediterranean perennial crops during the spring period prior to initiating competition with the main crop for water and nutrients. However, such cover crops need to be controlled (by glyphosate or tillage) before the beginning of summer period (due to the possibility of intense drought stress). In 2011, the olive grove farmers of southern Spain expressed dissatisfaction because of the ineffective control with glyphosate on A. sterilis. Experiments were conducted to determine whether the continued use of glyphosate over a 5 year period had selected a new resistant or tolerant species. The GR50 values obtained for A. sterilis were 297.12 and 245.23 g ae ha(-1) for exposed (E) and un-exposed (UE) glyphosate accessions, respectively. The spray retention and shikimic acid accumulation exhibited a non-significant difference between the two accessions. The results of (14)C- glyphosate absorption was the same in the two accessions (E and UE), while the translocation from the treated leaf to the rest of the shoots and roots was similar in A. sterilis accessions. Glyphosate metabolism to aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) and glyoxylate was similar in both accessions, but increased after treatment with glyphosate, indicating that metabolism plays an important role in tolerance. Both A. sterilis accessions, present similarity in the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) activity enzyme with different glyphosate concentrations and without glyphosate, confirming that both accessions present the same genomic characteristics. The above-mentioned results indicate that innate tolerance to glyphosate in A. sterilis is probably and partly due to reduced herbicide absorption and translocation and metabolism compared to the susceptibility of other grasses weeds like Chloris inflata, Eleusine indica, and Lolium rigidum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ilias Travlos
- Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of AthensAthens, Greece
| | - Rafael De Prado
- Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Sciences, University of CórdobaCordoba, Spain
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Fernández-Escalada M, Gil-Monreal M, Zabalza A, Royuela M. Characterization of the Amaranthus palmeri Physiological Response to Glyphosate in Susceptible and Resistant Populations. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:95-106. [PMID: 26652930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide glyphosate inhibits the plant enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) in the aromatic amino acid (AAA) biosynthetic pathway. The physiologies of an Amaranthus palmeri population exhibiting resistance to glyphosate by EPSPS gene amplification (NC-R) and a susceptible population (NC-S) were compared. The EPSPS copy number of NC-R plants was 47.5-fold the copy number of NC-S plants. Although the amounts of EPSPS protein and activity were higher in NC-R plants than in NC-S plants, the AAA concentrations were similar. The increases in total free amino acid and in AAA contents induced by glyphosate were more evident in NC-S plants. In both populations, the EPSPS protein increased after glyphosate exposure, suggesting regulation of gene expression. EPSPS activity seems tightly controlled in vivo. Carbohydrate accumulation and a slight induction of ethanol fermentation were detected in both populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Fernández-Escalada
- Departamento Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra , Campus Arrosadı́a, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Gil-Monreal
- Departamento Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra , Campus Arrosadı́a, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Zabalza
- Departamento Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra , Campus Arrosadı́a, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Royuela
- Departamento Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra , Campus Arrosadı́a, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain
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Bracamonte E, Fernández-Moreno PT, Barro F, De Prado R. Glyphosate-Resistant Parthenium hysterophorus in the Caribbean Islands: Non Target Site Resistance and Target Site Resistance in Relation to Resistance Levels. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1845. [PMID: 27999586 PMCID: PMC5138282 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate has been the most intensely herbicide used worldwide for decades, and continues to be a single tool for controlling weeds in woody crops. However, the adoption of this herbicide in a wide range of culture systems has led to the emergence of resistant weeds. Glyphosate has been widely used primarily on citrus in the Caribbean area, but a study of resistance in the Caribbean islands of Cuba and the Dominican Republic has never been carried out. Unfortunately, Parthenium hysterophorus has developed glyphosate-resistance in both islands, independently. The resistance level and mechanisms of different P. hysterophorus accessions (three collected in Cuba (Cu-R) and four collected in the Dominican Republic (Do-R) have been studied under greenhouse and laboratory conditions. In in vivo assays (glyphosate dose causing 50% reduction in above-ground vegetative biomass and survival), the resistance factor levels showed susceptible accessions (Cu-S ≥ Do-S), low-resistance accessions (Cu-R3 < Do-R4), medium-resistance accessions (Do-R3 < Cu-R2 < Do-R2) and high-resistance accessions (Do-R1 < Cu-R1). In addition, the resistance factor levels were similar to those found in the shikimic acid accumulation at 1000 μM of glyphosate (Cu-R1 ≥ Do-R1 > Do-R2 > Cu-R2 > Do-R3 > Do-R4 > Cu-R3 >> Cu-S ≥ Do-S). Glyphosate was degraded to aminomethylphosphonic acid, glyoxylate and sarcosine by >88% in resistant accessions except in Cu-R3 and Do-R4 resistant accessions (51.12 and 44.21, respectively), whereas a little glyphosate (<9.32%) was degraded in both susceptible accessions at 96 h after treatment. There were significant differences between P. hysterophorus accessions in the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) activity enzyme with and without different glyphosate rates. The R accessions showed values of between 0.026 and 0.21 μmol μg-1 TSP protein min-1 basal EPSPS activity values with respect to the S (0.024 and 0.025) accessions. The same trend was found in the EPSPS enzyme activity treated with glyphosate, where a higher enzyme activity inhibition (glyphosate μM) corresponded to greater resistance levels in P. hysterophorus accessions. One amino acid substitution was found at position 106 in EPSPS, consisting of a proline to serine change in Cu-R1, Do-R1 Do-R2. The above-mentioned results indicate that high resistance values are determined by the number of defense mechanisms (target-site and non-target-site resistance) possessed by the different P. hysterophorus accessions, concurrently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Bracamonte
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Córdoba (UNC)Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Francisco Barro
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rafael De Prado
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, University of CordobaCordoba, Spain
- *Correspondence: Rafael De Prado
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Serra AA, Couée I, Heijnen D, Michon-Coudouel S, Sulmon C, Gouesbet G. Genome-Wide Transcriptional Profiling and Metabolic Analysis Uncover Multiple Molecular Responses of the Grass Species Lolium perenne Under Low-Intensity Xenobiotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1124. [PMID: 26734031 PMCID: PMC4681785 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lolium perenne, which is a major component of pastures, lawns, and grass strips, can be exposed to xenobiotic stresses due to diffuse and residual contaminations of soil. L. perenne was recently shown to undergo metabolic adjustments in response to sub-toxic levels of xenobiotics. To gain insight in such chemical stress responses, a de novo transcriptome analysis was carried out on leaves from plants subjected at the root level to low levels of xenobiotics, glyphosate, tebuconazole, and a combination of the two, leading to no adverse physiological effect. Chemical treatments influenced significantly the relative proportions of functional categories and of transcripts related to carbohydrate processes, to signaling, to protein-kinase cascades, such as Serine/Threonine-protein kinases, to transcriptional regulations, to responses to abiotic or biotic stimuli and to responses to phytohormones. Transcriptomics-based expressions of genes encoding different types of SNF1 (sucrose non-fermenting 1)-related kinases involved in sugar and stress signaling or encoding key metabolic enzymes were in line with specific qRT-PCR analysis or with the important metabolic and regulatory changes revealed by metabolomic analysis. The effects of pesticide treatments on metabolites and gene expression strongly suggest that pesticides at low levels, as single molecule or as mixture, affect cell signaling and functioning even in the absence of major physiological impact. This global analysis of L. perenne therefore highlighted the interactions between molecular regulation of responses to xenobiotics, and also carbohydrate dynamics, energy dysfunction, phytohormones and calcium signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Antonella Serra
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6553 ECOBIORennes, France
| | - Ivan Couée
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6553 ECOBIORennes, France
| | - David Heijnen
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6553 ECOBIORennes, France
| | - Sophie Michon-Coudouel
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, UMS 3343 OSURRennes, France
| | - Cécile Sulmon
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6553 ECOBIORennes, France
| | - Gwenola Gouesbet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6553 ECOBIORennes, France
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