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Wang X, Wang S, Zhu J, Li L, Ma J, Zuo L, Sun X, Chen B, Yang Z. Inhibition of co-occurring weeds and young sugarcane seedling growth by perennial sugarcane root extract. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7679. [PMID: 38561368 PMCID: PMC10984977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Allelopathy is a process whereby a plant directly or indirectly promotes or inhibits growth of surrounding plants. Perennial sugarcane root extracts from various years significantly inhibited Bidens pilosa, Digitaria sanguinalis, sugarcane stem seedlings, and sugarcane tissue-cultured seedlings (P < 0.05), with maximum respective allelopathies of - 0.60, - 0.62, - 0.20, and - 0.29. Allelopathy increased with increasing concentrations for the same-year root extract, and inhibitory effects of the neutral, acidic, and alkaline components of perennial sugarcane root extract from different years were significantly stronger than those of the control for sugarcane stem seedlings (P < 0.05). The results suggest that allelopathic effects of perennial sugarcane root extract vary yearly, acids, esters and phenols could be a main reason for the allelopathic autotoxicity of sugarcane ratoons and depend on the type and content of allelochemicals present, and that allelopathy is influenced by other environmental factors within the rhizosphere such as the presence of old perennial sugarcane roots. This may be a crucial factor contributing to the decline of perennial sugarcane root health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Green and Efficient Production Technology of Sugarcane, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin, China
| | - Shilong Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Green and Efficient Production Technology of Sugarcane, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin, China.
| | - Jinghuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory for the Green and Efficient Production Technology of Sugarcane, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin, China
| | - Lei Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China.
| | - Junjun Ma
- Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology (Beijing Center for Physical & Chemical Analysis), Beijing, China
| | - Linzhi Zuo
- Key Laboratory for the Green and Efficient Production Technology of Sugarcane, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Key Laboratory for the Green and Efficient Production Technology of Sugarcane, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin, China
| | - Bi Chen
- Key Laboratory for the Green and Efficient Production Technology of Sugarcane, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin, China
| | - Zuli Yang
- Laibin Comprehensive Experiment Station of National Sugar Industry Technical System, Laibin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Laibin, China
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Vurro M. Are root parasitic broomrapes still a good target for bioherbicide control? Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:10-18. [PMID: 36641632 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Root parasitic weeds of the genera Orobanche and Phelipanche (commonly named broomrapes) are responsible for enormous yield losses of several crops all around the world. Traditional weed management methods, including among others the use of herbicides, soil fumigation and solarization, and mechanical, agronomic or physical methods, may have limits of use or can provide a modicum of control. Difficulties in controlling parasitic weeds are due to both the enormous number of seeds produced by each plant that can remain viable for many years, even in the absence of a host, and to the unique physiological and biological properties of the parasite. Although long considered a suitable and promising approach, biological control, in particular the use of microbial organisms or compounds stimulating or inhibiting seed germination, has had no commercial success and no products have reached the market. This article provides a quick overview of the bioherbicide approaches attempted until now, briefly discussing the causes of the failures and the possibility to improve biocontrol agents' effectiveness. Indeed, despite the failures, the 'bioherbicide' approach deserves renewed interest in light of the enormous scientific and technological progress made in past years, which offers new chances of success. © 2023 The Author. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Vurro
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
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3
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Xu Y, Cheng HF, Kong CH, Meiners SJ. Intra-specific kin recognition contributes to inter-specific allelopathy: A case study of allelopathic rice interference with paddy weeds. Plant Cell Environ 2021; 44:3479-3491. [PMID: 33993534 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Species interactions and mechanisms affect plant coexistence and community assembly. Despite increasing knowledge of kin recognition and allelopathy in regulating inter-specific and intra-specific interactions among plants, little is known about whether kin recognition mediates allelopathic interference. We used allelopathic rice cultivars with the ability for kin recognition grown in kin versus non-kin mixtures to determine their impacts on paddy weeds in field trials and a series of controlled experiments. We experimentally tested potential mechanisms of the interaction via altered root behaviour, allelochemical production and resource partitioning in the dominant weed competitor, as well as soil microbial communities. We consistently found that the establishment and growth of paddy weeds were more inhibited by kin mixtures compared to non-kin mixtures. The effect was driven by kin recognition that induced changes in root placement, altered weed carbon and nitrogen partitioning, but was associated with similar soil microbial communities. Importantly, genetic relatedness enhanced the production of intrusive roots towards weeds and reduced the production of rice allelochemicals. These findings suggest that relatedness allows allelopathic plants to discriminate their neighbouring collaborators (kin) or competitors and adjust their growth, competitiveness and chemical defense accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Fang Cheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chui-Hua Kong
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Scott J Meiners
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, Illinois, USA
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Najberek K, Kosior A, Solarz W. Alien balsams, strawberries and their pollinators in a warmer world. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:500. [PMID: 34717554 PMCID: PMC8556960 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strawberries are a common crop whose yield success depends on the availability of pollinators. Invasive alien plants, such as Impatiens glandulifera and I. parviflora, are also attractive for bees and hoverflies, respectively, and occur in close proximity to strawberry cultivation areas. The aim of the study was to test whether alien plants may decrease pollination of strawberry cultivation. However, even if the pollinators are abundant, efficiency of their pollination may decrease as a result of revisits of flowers that were already probed. It is addressed by pollinators by scent marking. Moreover, such revisits can be determined by nectar replenishment, which may occur rapidly in nectar-rich flowers. We studied revisits to I. glandulifera by bumblebees and defined the factors that influence the probability of revisits (air temperature; pollinator species; family caste and size; flower area; sun radiation; and time of day). RESULTS We found that the two alien species decreased the number of pollinators visiting strawberries. Apoidea, Bombini and Syrphidae significantly decreased on Fragaria × ananassa when alien Impatiens were present. We also revealed the influence of increasing air temperature on bumblebee foraging, which was particularly significant for female workers. At very high temperatures (> 37°C), bumblebee males revisited probed flowers less often than female workers. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that in experimental conditions attractive alien species decrease pollination of strawberries, which may negatively affect production of this crop. Although the results have not been verified in real-life strawberry fields yet, we recommend that alien plant species that share the same pollinators and occur in close proximity of strawberries are controlled. Moreover, we found that revisits of probed flowers may weaken feeding efficiency of bumblebees. If revisits are not induced by nectar replenishment, then global warming may pose a serious threat to the survival of colonies, which may have consequences also for the plants that attract them, e.g., for strawberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Najberek
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kosior
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Solarz
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
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Rubenstein JM, Hulme PE, Buddenhagen CE, Rolston MP, Hampton JG. Weed seed contamination in imported seed lots entering New Zealand. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256623. [PMID: 34437599 PMCID: PMC8389513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Imports of seeds for sowing are a major pathway for the introduction of contaminant seeds, and many agricultural weeds globally naturalised originally have entered through this pathway. Effective management of this pathway is a significant means of reducing future plant introductions and helps minimise agricultural losses. Using a national border inspection database, we examined the frequency, origin and identity of contaminant seeds within seed for sowing shipments entering New Zealand between 2014–2018. Our analysis looked at 41,610 seed lots across 1,420 crop seed species from over 90 countries. Overall, contamination was rare, occurring in 1.9% of all seed lots. Among the different crop types, the arable category had the lowest percentage of seed lots contaminated (0.5%) and the forage category had the highest (12.6%). Crop seeds Capsicum, Phaseolus and Solanum had the lowest contamination rates (0.0%). Forage crops Medicago (27.3%) and Trifolium (19.8%) had the highest contamination rates. Out of 191 genera recorded as contaminants, Chenopodium was the most common. Regulated quarantine weeds were the rarest contaminant type, only occurring in 0.06% of seed lots. Sorghum halepense was the most common quarantine species and was only found in vegetable seed lots. Vegetable crop seed lots accounted for approximately half of all quarantine species detections, Raphanus sativus being the most contaminated vegetable crop. Larger seed lots were significantly more contaminated and more likely to contain a quarantine species than smaller seed lots. These findings support International Seed Testing Association rules on maximum seed lot weights. Low contamination rates suggest industry practices are effective in minimising contaminant seeds. Considering New Zealand inspects every imported seed lot, utilises a working sample size 5 times larger than International Seed Testing Association rules require, trades crop seed with approximately half of the world’s countries and imports thousands of crop seed species, our study provides a unique overview of contaminant seeds that move throughout the seed for sowing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse M. Rubenstein
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
- Better Border Biosecurity (B3), New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - Philip E. Hulme
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | | | | | - John G. Hampton
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
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Cai ML, Ding WQ, Zhai JJ, Zheng XT, Yu ZC, Zhang QL, Lin XH, Chow WS, Peng CL. Photosynthetic compensation of non-leaf organ stems of the invasive species Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski at low temperature. Photosynth Res 2021; 149:121-134. [PMID: 32297101 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00748-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasion is a hot topic in ecological research. Most studies on the physiological mechanisms of plants focus on leaves, but few studies focus on stems. To study the tolerance of invasive plant (Sphagneticola trilobata L.) to low temperature, relevant physiological indicators (including anthocyanin and chlorophyll) in different organs (leaves and stems) were analyzed, using a native species (Sphagneticola calendulacea L.) as the control. The results showed that, upon exposure to low temperature for 15 days, the stems of two Sphagneticola species were markedly reddened, their anthocyanin content increased, chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters decreased, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the stem increased. The percentage increases of antioxidants and total antioxidant capacities in stems were significantly higher in S. trilobata than in S. calendulacea. This showed that S. trilobata had higher cold tolerance in stems while leaves were opposite. To further verify the higher cold tolerance of the stem of S. trilobata, a defoliation experiment was designed. We found that the defoliated stem of S. trilobata reduced anthocyanin accumulation and increased chlorophyll content, while alleviating membrane lipid damage and electrical conductivity, and the defoliated stem still showed an increase in stem diameter and biomass under low temperature. The discovery of the physiological and adaptive mechanisms of the stem of S. trilobata to low temperature will provide a theoretical basis for explaining how S. trilobata maintains its annual growth in South China. This is of great significance for predicting the future spread of cloned and propagated invasive plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ling Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Wen-Qiao Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zheng-Chao Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Qi-Lei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Wah Soon Chow
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Chang-Lian Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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7
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Rice C, Wolf J, Fleisher DH, Acosta SM, Adkins SW, Bajwa AA, Ziska LH. Recent CO 2 levels promote increased production of the toxin parthenin in an invasive Parthenium hysterophorus biotype. Nat Plants 2021; 7:725-729. [PMID: 34099902 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations promoted higher parthenin concentrations in an invasive Parthenium hysterophorus biotype. Mean concentrations of parthenin, an allelopathic and defensive sesquiterpene lactone, were 49% higher at recent (~400 ppm) than at mid-twentieth-century (~300 ppm) CO2 concentrations, but did not vary in a non-invasive biotype, suggesting that recent increases in atmospheric CO2 may have already altered the chemistry of this destructive weed, potentially contributing to its invasive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rice
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - J Wolf
- Adaptive Cropping Systems Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA.
| | - D H Fleisher
- Adaptive Cropping Systems Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - S M Acosta
- District of Columbia Department of Energy and Environment, Washington DC, Washington DC, USA
| | - S W Adkins
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - A A Bajwa
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
- Weed Research Unit, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - L H Ziska
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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8
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Brun G, Spallek T, Simier P, Delavault P. Molecular actors of seed germination and haustoriogenesis in parasitic weeds. Plant Physiol 2021; 185:1270-1281. [PMID: 33793893 PMCID: PMC8133557 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
One-sentence summary Recent advances provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying host-dependent seed germination and haustorium formation in parasitic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Brun
- Department for Systematic Botany and Biodiversity, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Spallek
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philippe Simier
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Pathology, University of Nantes, F-44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Philippe Delavault
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Pathology, University of Nantes, F-44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
- Author for communication:
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9
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Gowda M, Makumbi D, Das B, Nyaga C, Kosgei T, Crossa J, Beyene Y, Montesinos-López OA, Olsen MS, Prasanna BM. Genetic dissection of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. resistance via genome-wide association and genomic prediction in tropical maize germplasm. Theor Appl Genet 2021; 134:941-958. [PMID: 33388884 PMCID: PMC7925482 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03744-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Genome-wide association revealed that resistance to Striga hermonthica is influenced by multiple genomic regions with moderate effects. It is possible to increase genetic gains from selection for Striga resistance using genomic prediction. Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth., commonly known as the purple witchweed or giant witchweed, is a serious problem for maize-dependent smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. Breeding for Striga resistance in maize is complicated due to limited genetic variation, complexity of resistance and challenges with phenotyping. This study was conducted to (i) evaluate a set of diverse tropical maize lines for their responses to Striga under artificial infestation in three environments in Kenya; (ii) detect quantitative trait loci associated with Striga resistance through genome-wide association study (GWAS); and (iii) evaluate the effectiveness of genomic prediction (GP) of Striga-related traits. An association mapping panel of 380 inbred lines was evaluated in three environments under artificial Striga infestation in replicated trials and genotyped with 278,810 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Genotypic and genotype x environment variations were significant for measured traits associated with Striga resistance. Heritability estimates were moderate (0.42) to high (0.92) for measured traits. GWAS revealed 57 SNPs significantly associated with Striga resistance indicator traits and grain yield (GY) under artificial Striga infestation with low to moderate effect. A set of 32 candidate genes physically near the significant SNPs with roles in plant defense against biotic stresses were identified. GP with different cross-validations revealed that prediction of performance of lines in new environments is better than prediction of performance of new lines for all traits. Predictions across environments revealed high accuracy for all the traits, while inclusion of GWAS-detected SNPs led to slight increase in the accuracy. The item-based collaborative filtering approach that incorporates related traits evaluated in different environments to predict GY and Striga-related traits outperformed GP for Striga resistance indicator traits. The results demonstrated the polygenic nature of resistance to S. hermonthica, and that implementation of GP in Striga resistance breeding could potentially aid in increasing genetic gain for this important trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manje Gowda
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Village Market, P. O. Box 1041, 00621, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Dan Makumbi
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Village Market, P. O. Box 1041, 00621, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Biswanath Das
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Village Market, P. O. Box 1041, 00621, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Christine Nyaga
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Village Market, P. O. Box 1041, 00621, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Titus Kosgei
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Village Market, P. O. Box 1041, 00621, Nairobi, Kenya
- Moi University, P. O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Jose Crossa
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo, Postal 6-641, 06600, Mexico, D.F, Mexico
| | - Yoseph Beyene
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Village Market, P. O. Box 1041, 00621, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Michael S Olsen
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Village Market, P. O. Box 1041, 00621, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Boddupalli M Prasanna
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Village Market, P. O. Box 1041, 00621, Nairobi, Kenya
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10
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Ramaj T. On the Mathematical Modelling of Competitive Invasive Weed Dynamics. Bull Math Biol 2021; 83:13. [PMID: 33415490 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-020-00825-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We explore the dynamics of invasive weeds by partial differential equation (PDE) modelling and applying dynamical system and phase portrait techniques. We begin by applying the method of characteristics to a preexisting PDE model of the spreading of T. fluminensis, an invasive weed which has been responsible for native forest depletion. We explore the system both at particular points in space and over all of space, in one dimension, as a function of time. Our model suggests that an increase in the rate of spread of the weed through space will increase the efficacy of control measures taken at the weed's spatial boundary. We then propose new competition models based on the previous model and explore the existence of travelling wave solutions. These models represent both the cases with (i) a competing native plant species which spreads through the forest and (ii) a non-mobile, established native plant species. In the former case, the model suggests that an increased mass-action coefficient between the competing species is sufficient and necessary for the transition of the forest into a state of coexistence. In the latter case, the result is not as strong: a sufficiently large rate of competition between the species excludes the possibility of native plant extinction and hence suggests that forest depletion will not occur, but does not imply coexistence. We perform some numerical simulations to support our analytic results. In all cases, we give a discussion on the physical and biological interpretations of our results. We conclude with some suggestions for future work and with a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tedi Ramaj
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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11
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Yu H, Yang J, Cui H, Li Z, Jia F, Chen J, Li X. Effects of plant density on tillering in the weed grass Aegilops tauschii Coss. and its phytohormonal regulation. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 157:70-78. [PMID: 33091798 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aegilops tauschii Coss, a notorious wheat field weed, poses a serious threat to wheat in China. Tillers are an important agronomic tool for yield. In this study, a total of 12 Ae. tauschii populations were collected from China to investigate the effect of plant density on tiller occurrence and its phytohormonal regulation. We assayed the growth parameters of Ae. tauschii and the levels of endogenous hormones at different plant densities. The results showed that plant density had a significant effect on the quantity and quality of Ae. tauschii seeds produced per plant. In particular, the tiller and spike numbers per plant were negatively affected by plant density (P < 0.0001). The contents of 13 endogenous hormones in the tiller nodes changed in response to plant density. Among them, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellin (GA) positively responded to plant density. However, the reverse result was found for cytokinin (CTK). Interestingly, phylogenetic tree analysis of auxin (AeYUCCA), CK (AeIPT) and GA (AeCPS) biosynthesis related genes found that phylogenies in the Gramineae for the three different genes were various, hinting at horizontal gene transfer. Moreover, the dynamics of the expression of AeYUCCA, AeIPT and AeCPS were roughly consistent with their phytohormone contents during tillering stage. When externally sprayed on plants of Ae. tauschii, 2,4-D isooctyl ester and GA3 markedly reduced its tillering while 6-BA had no significant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Weed Biology and Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.2 Yuanmingyuanxilu, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Yang
- Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Hebei Street No.360, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Weed Biology and Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.2 Yuanmingyuanxilu, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Weed Biology and Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.2 Yuanmingyuanxilu, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Weed Biology and Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.2 Yuanmingyuanxilu, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingchao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Weed Biology and Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.2 Yuanmingyuanxilu, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangju Li
- Key Laboratory of Weed Biology and Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.2 Yuanmingyuanxilu, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Bruggeman SA, Horvath DP, Fennell AY, Gonzalez-Hernandez JL, Clay SA. Teosinte (Zea mays ssp parviglumis) growth and transcriptomic response to weed stress identifies similarities and differences between varieties and with modern maize varieties. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237715. [PMID: 32822374 PMCID: PMC7444550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptomic responses of plants to weed presence gives insight on the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in the stress response. This study evaluated transcriptomic and morphological responses of two teosinte (Zea mays ssp parviglumis) (an ancestor of domesticated maize) lines (Ames 21812 and Ames 21789) to weed presence and absence during two growing seasons. Responses were compared after 6 weeks of growth in Aurora, South Dakota, USA. Plant heights between treatments were similar in Ames 21812, whereas branch number decreased when weeds were present. Ames 21789 was 45% shorter in weedy vs weed-free plots, but branch numbers were similar between treatments. Season-long biomass was reduced in response to weed stress in both lines. Common down-regulated subnetworks in weed-stressed plants were related to light, photosynthesis, and carbon cycles. Several unique response networks (e.g. aging, response to chitin) and gene sets were present in each line. Comparing transcriptomic responses of maize (determined in an adjacent study) and teosinte lines indicated three common gene ontologies up-regulated when weed-stressed: jasmonic acid response/signaling, UDP-glucosyl and glucuronyltransferases, and quercetin glucosyltransferase (3-O and 7-O). Overall, morphologic and transcriptomic differences suggest a greater varietal (rather than a conserved) response to weed stress, and implies multiple responses are possible. These findings offer insights into opportunities to define and manipulate gene expression of several different pathways of modern maize varieties to improve performance under weedy conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Bruggeman
- Biology Department, St. Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD, United States of America
| | - D. P. Horvath
- USDA-ARS-ETSARC, Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit, Fargo, ND, United States of America
| | - A. Y. Fennell
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States of America
| | - J. L. Gonzalez-Hernandez
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States of America
| | - S. A. Clay
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States of America
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13
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Volova T, Baranovsky S, Petrovskaya O, Shumilova A, Sukovatyi A. Biological effects of the free and embedded metribuzin and tribenuron-methyl herbicides on various cultivated weed species. J Environ Sci Health B 2020; 55:1009-1019. [PMID: 32816605 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1807835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study addresses the herbicidal activity and biological effects of the metribuzin (MET) and tribenuron-methyl (TBM) herbicides used to control various weed species (Amaranthus retroflexus, Sinapis arvensis, and Leucanthemum maximum). The effects of the free herbicides and the herbicides embedded in granules of degradable polymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] blended with birch wood flour were compared. Metribuzin, regardless of the form, caused 100% mortality of the three weeds by day 21. The herbicidal activity of tribenuron-methyl was lower than that of metribuzin, but the embedded TBM was superior to the free herbicide in the length and strength of its action on the weeds. Both metribuzin forms dramatically decreased the main parameters of fluorescence: maximum quantum yield of photosystem-II [Y(II)max], maximum quantum yield of non-photochemical quenching [Y(NPQ)max], and maximum rate of non-cyclic electron transport [ETRmax] and concentrations of chlorophyll a and b. The effect of the embedded TBM on the photosynthetic activity of the weeds was lower in the first two weeks of the growth of herbicide-treated plants but lasted longer than the effect of the free TBM and increased over time. Embedding of metribuzin in the matrix of degradable blend did not decrease its herbicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Volova
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS," Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Alexey Sukovatyi
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS," Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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14
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Madany MMY, Zinta G, Abuelsoud W, Hozzein WN, Selim S, Asard H, Elgawad HA. Hormonal seed-priming improves tomato resistance against broomrape infection. J Plant Physiol 2020; 250:153184. [PMID: 32464590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Although it is well known that parasitic weeds such as Orobanche (broomrape) significantly reduce the yield of economically important crops, their infection-induced oxidative changes need more exploration in their host plants. Moreover, applying an eco-friendly approach to minimize the infection is not yet available. This study was conducted to understand the effect of Orobanche ramosa infection on oxidative and redox status of tomato plants and the impact of hormonal (indole acetic acid (IAA); 0.09 mM and salicylic acid (SA); 1.0 mM) seed-priming upon mitigating the infection threats. Although Orobanche invades tomato roots, its inhibitory effects on shoot biomass were also indicted. Orobanche infection usually induces oxidative damage i.e., high lipid peroxidation, lipoxygenase activity and H2O2 levels, particularly for roots. Interestingly, hormonal seed-priming significantly enhanced tomato shoots and roots growth under both healthy and infected conditions. Also, IAA and SA treatment significantly reduced Orobanche infection-induced oxidative damage. The protective effect of seed-priming was explained by increasing the antioxidant defense markers including the antioxidant metabolites (i.e., total antioxidant capacity, carotenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, ASC, GSH, tocopherols) and enzymes (CAT, POX, GPX, SOD, GR, APX, MDHAR, DHAR), particularly in infected tomato seedlings. Additionally, cluster analysis indicated the differential impact of IAA- and SA-seed-priming, whereas lower oxidative damage and higher antioxidant enzymes' activities in tomato root were particularly reported for IAA treatment. The principal component analysis (PCA) also proclaimed an organ specificity depending on their response to Orobanche infection. Collectively, here and for the first time, we shed the light on the potential of seed-priming with either IAA or SA to mitigate the adverse effect of O. ramosa stress in tomato plants, especially at oxidative stress levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Y Madany
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Gaurav Zinta
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Centre of Excellence Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Walid Abuelsoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Wael N Hozzein
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Samy Selim
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, P.O. 41522, Egypt
| | - Han Asard
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hamada Abd Elgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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15
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Hinz HL, Winston RL, Schwarzländer M. A global review of target impact and direct nontarget effects of classical weed biological control. Curr Opin Insect Sci 2020; 38:48-54. [PMID: 32092697 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent reviews show that classical weed biocontrol measures can be successful in reducing the negative impacts of invasive plant species, have impressive returns on investment, and contribute to slower rates of weed spread. Quantitative post-release monitoring is necessary to account for differences in biocontrol outcomes across spatial and temporal scales. Direct nontarget attack (NTA) incidence and severity are decreasing over time, and pre-release host-specificity tests can accurately predict NTA post-release, as long as the nontarget plant species are included in testing. Less than 1% of NTA was found where the impacted plant species had been tested pre-release and was deemed not at risk. Effectiveness and environmental safety will likely further improve with the incorporation of new technologies, such as experimental evolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariet L Hinz
- CABI, Rue des Grillons 1, 2800 Delémont, Switzerland.
| | | | - Mark Schwarzländer
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339, USA
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16
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Paynter Q, Paterson ID, Kwong RM. Predicting non-target impacts. Curr Opin Insect Sci 2020; 38:79-83. [PMID: 32240966 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biocontrol of invasive alien weeds has produced great benefits, but concerns over undesirable impacts on non-target plants and/or indirect interactions between biocontrol agents and other biota impede the implementation of biocontrol in some countries. Although great strides have been made, continuing uncertainties predicting the realized host range of candidate agents is probably resulting in some being erroneously rejected due to overestimation of risk. Further refinement of host-range testing protocols is therefore desirable. Indirect interactions are inherently harder to predict, and the risk of both direct and indirect non-target impacts may change over time due to biocontrol agents evolving or expanding their range under climate change. Future research directions to better understand the risk of non-target impacts over time are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Paynter
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Iain D Paterson
- Centre for Biological Control, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Raelene M Kwong
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
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17
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Müller-Schärer H, Bouchemousse S, Litto M, McEvoy PB, Roderick GK, Sun Y. How to better predict long-term benefits and risks in weed biocontrol: an evolutionary perspective. Curr Opin Insect Sci 2020; 38:84-91. [PMID: 32240967 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Classical biological control (also called importation biological control) of weeds has a remarkable track record for efficiency and safety, but further improvement is still needed, particularly to account for potential evolutionary changes after release. Here, we discuss the increasing yet limited evidence of post-introduction evolution and describe approaches to predict evolutionary change. Recent advances include using experimental evolution studies over several generations that combine -omics tools with behavioral bioassays. This novel approach in weed biocontrol is well suited to explore the potential for rapid evolutionary change in real-time and thus can be used to estimate more accurately potential benefits and risks of agents before their importation. We outline this approach with a chrysomelid beetle used to control invasive common ragweed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Litto
- Dep. Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Peter B McEvoy
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
| | | | - Yan Sun
- Dep. Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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18
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Zhao LX, Jiang MJ, Hu JJ, Zou YL, Cheng Y, Ren T, Gao S, Fu Y, Ye F. Design, Synthesis, and Herbicidal Activity of Novel Diphenyl Ether Derivatives Containing Fast Degrading Tetrahydrophthalimide. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:3729-3741. [PMID: 32125836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To seek new protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors with better biological activity, a series of novel diphenyl ether derivatives containing tetrahydrophthalimide were designed based on the principle of substructure splicing and bioisomerization. PPO inhibition experiments exhibited that 6c is the most potential compound, with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 0.00667 mg/L, showing 7 times higher activity than Oxyfluorfen (IC50 = 0.0426 mg/L) against maize PPO and similar herbicidal activities to Oxyfluorfen in weeding experiments in greenhouses and field weeding experiments. In view of the inspected bioactivities, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of this series of compounds was also discussed. Crop selection experiments demonstrate that compound 6c is safe for soybeans, maize, rice, peanuts, and cotton at a dose of 300 g ai/ha. Accumulation analysis experiments showed that the accumulation of 6c in some crops (soybeans, peanuts, and cotton) was significantly lower than Oxyfluorfen. Current work suggests that compound 6c may be developed as a new herbicide candidate in fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Zhao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Mao-Jun Jiang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jia-Jun Hu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yue-Li Zou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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19
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Rockenbach AP, Rizzardi MA. Competition at the soybean V6 stage affects root morphology and biochemical composition. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2020; 22:252-258. [PMID: 31705710 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The experiment was conducted in the 2016/17 crop season in a greenhouse at Passo Fundo University, Brazil. We hypothesised that the morphological characteristics and biochemical and anatomical composition of soybean roots and shoots, when competing with weeds during different growth periods, are negatively affected, so current concepts of competition between plants should also consider changes in plant roots. The soybean cultivar P 95R51 and horseweed (Conyza bonariensis) were used. The treatments consisted of the presence or absence of weeds during different coexistence periods of soybean with horseweed. The periods were V0-V3, V0-V6, V0-R2, V3-R6, V6-R6 and R2-R6, where V0 was the date of soybean sowing and V3, V6, R2 and R6 were phenological stages of the crop. Two fresh roots were used to examine morphological traits. Four roots were used for quantification of dry matter and secondary metabolites. Root length was reduced by 21%, 14% and 20% when competing with a weed in the V0-V3, V0-V6 and R2-R6 coexistence periods, respectively. Total phenol content in the V0-V6 and V0-R2 periods was reduced when plants were in competition with weeds; a similar trend was found for flavonoids in the V0-V6 period. Soybean-horseweed competition from crop emergence to the V6 stage, in general, affects shoot and root morphological traits and the biochemical composition of the soybean roots. The presence of horseweed at the V3, V6 and R2 stages does not negatively alter the traits evaluated. Root anatomical composition is not modified during all coexistence periods with horseweed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Rockenbach
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia (PPGAgro), Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - M A Rizzardi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia (PPGAgro), Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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20
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Wang J, Xiong Y, Zhang J, Lu X, Wei G. Naturally selected dominant weeds as heavy metal accumulators and excluders assisted by rhizosphere bacteria in a mining area. Chemosphere 2020; 243:125365. [PMID: 31759218 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Managers need more practical and promising plants for use in heavy metal phytoremediation. Although previous studies have identified the potential of some weeds and microbial strains in phytoremediation, the potential of dominant weeds and the relationship between weeds and their rhizosphere bacterial strains are still unknown. In our study, we examined dominant weeds in the Dabaoshan mine located in Guangdong province, China to test their abilities as heavy metal accumulators and excluders. Results suggest that Ludwigia prostrata exhibited the highest potential for accumulating Cu, Pb and Zn compared with the other plants. Specifically, L. prostrata accumulated 71.58, 130.76 and 454.72 mg kg-1 of Cu, Pb and Zn, respectively; the species' translocation factor of Zn was 2.04, indicating a high accumulation of Zn. In contrast, the Cd translocation factor (TF) of Digitaria sanguinalis was 0.18, significantly lower than that of other plant species examined. Our results suggest that Ludwigia prostrata hyperaccumulates Zn and may also serve as a potential candidate remediation plant for Cu and Pb due to its high absolute accumulation amount of Cu and Pb, while Digitaria sanguinalis may be a potential candidate as a Cd excluder. We also found that rhizosphere bacterial communities were shaped by individual dominant plant species. Chloroflexi was the most dominant phylum in accumulator plant such as Fimbristylis miliacea, while Cyanobacteria was the most dominant phylum in excluder plant such as Digitaria sanguinalis. Our study provides insights for selecting new weedy forbs and grasses, rhizosphere bacterial species and developing approaches for phytoremediation and phytostabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Yue Xiong
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Jiaen Zhang
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Xuening Lu
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Guangchang Wei
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
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21
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Bellis ES, Kelly EA, Lorts CM, Gao H, DeLeo VL, Rouhan G, Budden A, Bhaskara GB, Hu Z, Muscarella R, Timko MP, Nebie B, Runo SM, Chilcoat ND, Juenger TE, Morris GP, dePamphilis CW, Lasky JR. Genomics of sorghum local adaptation to a parasitic plant. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:4243-4251. [PMID: 32047036 PMCID: PMC7049153 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908707117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Host-parasite coevolution can maintain high levels of genetic diversity in traits involved in species interactions. In many systems, host traits exploited by parasites are constrained by use in other functions, leading to complex selective pressures across space and time. Here, we study genome-wide variation in the staple crop Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench and its association with the parasitic weed Striga hermonthica (Delile) Benth., a major constraint to food security in Africa. We hypothesize that geographic selection mosaics across gradients of parasite occurrence maintain genetic diversity in sorghum landrace resistance. Suggesting a role in local adaptation to parasite pressure, multiple independent loss-of-function alleles at sorghum LOW GERMINATION STIMULANT 1 (LGS1) are broadly distributed among African landraces and geographically associated with S. hermonthica occurrence. However, low frequency of these alleles within S. hermonthica-prone regions and their absence elsewhere implicate potential trade-offs restricting their fixation. LGS1 is thought to cause resistance by changing stereochemistry of strigolactones, hormones that control plant architecture and below-ground signaling to mycorrhizae and are required to stimulate parasite germination. Consistent with trade-offs, we find signatures of balancing selection surrounding LGS1 and other candidates from analysis of genome-wide associations with parasite distribution. Experiments with CRISPR-Cas9-edited sorghum further indicate that the benefit of LGS1-mediated resistance strongly depends on parasite genotype and abiotic environment and comes at the cost of reduced photosystem gene expression. Our study demonstrates long-term maintenance of diversity in host resistance genes across smallholder agroecosystems, providing a valuable comparison to both industrial farming systems and natural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Bellis
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802;
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467
- Department of Computer Science, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467
| | - Elizabeth A Kelly
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Intercollege Graduate Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Claire M Lorts
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Huirong Gao
- Applied Science and Technology, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131
| | - Victoria L DeLeo
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Intercollege Graduate Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Germinal Rouhan
- Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, École Pratique des Hautes Études, CP39, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Andrew Budden
- Identification & Naming, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3AB Richmond, United Kingdom
| | - Govinal B Bhaskara
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Zhenbin Hu
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Robert Muscarella
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael P Timko
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
| | - Baloua Nebie
- West and Central Africa Regional Program, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, BP 320 Bamako, Mali
| | - Steven M Runo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - N Doane Chilcoat
- Applied Science and Technology, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131
| | - Thomas E Juenger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Geoffrey P Morris
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Claude W dePamphilis
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Jesse R Lasky
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
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22
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Blanco‐Ania D, Mateman JJ, Hýlová A, Spíchal L, Debie LM, Zwanenburg B. Hybrid-type strigolactone analogues derived from auxins. Pest Manag Sci 2019; 75:3113-3121. [PMID: 31317630 PMCID: PMC6852101 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strigolactones (SLs) have a vast number of ecological implications because of the broad spectrum of their biological activities. Unfortunately, the limited availability of SLs restricts their applicability for the benefit of humanity and renders synthesis the only option for their production. However, the structural complexity of SLs impedes their economical synthesis, which is unfeasible on a large scale. Synthesis of SL analogues and mimics with a simpler structure, but with retention of bioactivity, is the solution to this problem. RESULTS Here, we present eight new hybrid-type SL analogues derived from auxin, synthesized via coupling of auxin ester [ethyl 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)acetate] and of ethyl 2-phenylacetate with four D-rings (mono-, two di- and trimethylated). The new hybrid-type SL analogues were bioassayed to assess the germination activity of seeds of the parasitic weeds Striga hermonthica, Orobanche minor and Phelipanche ramosa using the classical method of counting germinated seeds and a colorimetric method. The bioassays revealed that analogues with a natural monomethylated D-ring had appreciable to good activity towards the three species and were the most active derivatives. By contrast, derivatives with the trimethylated D-ring showed no activity. The dimethylated derivatives (2,4-dimethyl and 3,4-dimethyl) were slightly active, especially towards P. ramosa. CONCLUSIONS New hybrid-type analogues derived from auxins have been prepared. These analogues may be attractive as potential suicidal germination agents for parasitic weed control because of their ease of preparation and relevant bioactivity. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Blanco‐Ania
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Cluster of Organic ChemistryRadboud UniversityNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Jurgen J Mateman
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Cluster of Organic ChemistryRadboud UniversityNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Adéla Hýlová
- Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Chemical Biology and GeneticsPalacký UniversityOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Chemical Biology and GeneticsPalacký UniversityOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Luc M Debie
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Cluster of Organic ChemistryRadboud UniversityNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Binne Zwanenburg
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Cluster of Organic ChemistryRadboud UniversityNijmegenthe Netherlands
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Yoneyama K, Xie X, Yoneyama K, Nomura T, Takahashi I, Asami T, Mori N, Akiyama K, Kusajima M, Nakashita H. Regulation of biosynthesis, perception, and functions of strigolactones for promoting arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and managing root parasitic weeds. Pest Manag Sci 2019; 75:2353-2359. [PMID: 30843315 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived plant secondary metabolites that play important roles in various aspects of plant growth and development as plant hormones, and in rhizosphere communications with symbiotic microbes and also root parasitic weeds. Therefore, sophisticated regulation of the biosynthesis, perception and functions of SLs is expected to promote symbiosis of beneficial microbes including arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and also to retard parasitism by devastating root parasitic weeds. We have developed SL mimics with different skeletons, SL biosynthesis inhibitors acting at different biosynthetic steps, SL perception inhibitors that covalently bind to the SL receptor D14, and SL function inhibitors that bind to the serine residue at the catalytic site. In greenhouse pot tests, TIS108, an azole-type SL biosynthesis inhibitor effectively reduced numbers of attached root parasites Orobanche minor and Striga hermonthica without affecting their host plants; tomato and rice, respectively. AM colonization resulted in weak but distinctly enhanced plant resistance to pathogens. SL mimics can be used to promote AM symbiosis and to reduce the application rate of systemic-acquired resistance inducers which are generally phytotoxic to horticultural crops. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Yoneyama
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Xiaonan Xie
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Kaori Yoneyama
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Takahito Nomura
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Ikuo Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narumi Mori
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Kohki Akiyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kusajima
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Bioresources Development, Faculty of Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Awara, Japan
| | - Hideo Nakashita
- Research Center for Bioresources Development, Faculty of Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Awara, Japan
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Dawei W, Limiao D, Jiangong N, Jiyue G, Hongfei Z, Zhongzhi H. Recognition pest by image-based transfer learning. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:4524-4531. [PMID: 30868598 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant pests mainly refers to insects and mites that harm crops and products. There are a wide variety of plant pests, with wide distribution, fast reproduction and large quantity, which directly causes serious losses to crops. Therefore, pest recognition is very important for crops to grow healthily, and this in turn affects crop yields and quality. At present, it is a great challenge to realize accurate and reliable pest identification. RESULTS In this study, we put forward a diagnostic system based on transfer learning for pest detection and recognition. This method is able to train and test ten types of pests and achieves an accuracy of 93.84%. We compared this transfer learning method with human experts and a traditional neural network model. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method is comparable to human experts and the traditional neural network. To verify the general adaptability of this model, we used our model to recognize two types of weeds: Sisymbrium sophia and Procumbent Speedwell, and achieved an accuracy of 98.92%. CONCLUSION The proposed method can provide evidence for the control of pests and weeds and the precise spraying of pesticides. Thus, it provides reliable technical support for precision agriculture. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Dawei
- Department of electronic information, Science and Information College, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, China
| | - Deng Limiao
- Department of electronic information, Science and Information College, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ni Jiangong
- Department of electronic information, Science and Information College, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, China
| | - Gao Jiyue
- Department of electronic information, Science and Information College, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhu Hongfei
- Department of electronic information, Science and Information College, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, China
| | - Han Zhongzhi
- Department of electronic information, Science and Information College, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, China
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Lambert JPT, Childs DZ, Freckleton RP. Testing the ability of unmanned aerial systems and machine learning to map weeds at subfield scales: a test with the weed Alopecurus myosuroides (Huds). Pest Manag Sci 2019; 75:2283-2294. [PMID: 30972939 PMCID: PMC6767585 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important to map agricultural weed populations to improve management and maintain future food security. Advances in data collection and statistical methodology have created new opportunities to aid in the mapping of weed populations. We set out to apply these new methodologies (unmanned aerial systems; UAS) and statistical techniques (convolutional neural networks; CNN) to the mapping of black-grass, a highly impactful weed in wheat fields in the UK. We tested this by undertaking extensive UAS and field-based mapping over the course of 2 years, in total collecting multispectral image data from 102 fields, with 76 providing informative data. We used these data to construct a vegetation index (VI), which we used to train a custom CNN model from scratch. We undertook a suite of data engineering techniques, such as balancing and cleaning to optimize performance of our metrics. We also investigate the transferability of the models from one field to another. RESULTS The results show that our data collection methodology and implementation of CNN outperform pervious approaches in the literature. We show that data engineering to account for 'artefacts' in the image data increases our metrics significantly. We are not able to identify any traits that are shared between fields that result in high scores from our novel leave one field our cross validation (LOFO-CV) tests. CONCLUSION We conclude that this evaluation procedure is a better estimation of real-world predictive value when compared with past studies. We conclude that by engineering the image data set into discrete classes of data quality we increase the prediction accuracy from the baseline model by 5% to an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.825. We find that the temporal effects studied here have no effect on our ability to model weed densities. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- James PT Lambert
- Department of Animal & Plant ScienceUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldU.K.
| | - Dylan Z Childs
- Department of Animal & Plant ScienceUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldU.K.
| | - Rob P Freckleton
- Department of Animal & Plant ScienceUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldU.K.
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Baucom RS. Evolutionary and ecological insights from herbicide-resistant weeds: what have we learned about plant adaptation, and what is left to uncover? New Phytol 2019; 223:68-82. [PMID: 30710343 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of herbicide resistance in crop weeds presents one of the greatest challenges to agriculture and the production of food. Herbicide resistance has been studied for more than 60 yr, in the large part by researchers seeking to design effective weed control programs. As an outcome of this work, various unique questions in plant adaptation have been addressed. Here, I collate recent research on the herbicide-resistant problem in light of key questions and themes in evolution and ecology. I highlight discoveries made on herbicide-resistant weeds in three broad areas - the genetic basis of adaptation, evolutionary constraints, experimental evolution - and similarly discuss questions left to be answered. I then develop how one would use herbicide-resistance evolution as a model for studying eco-evolutionary dynamics within a community context. My overall goals are to highlight important findings in the weed science literature that are relevant to themes in plant adaptation and to stimulate the use of herbicide-resistant plants as models for addressing key questions within ecology and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina S Baucom
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Michigan, 4034 Biological Sciences Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Mardani H, Maninang J, Appiah KS, Oikawa Y, Azizi M, Fujii Y. Evaluation of Biological Response of Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) and Weeds to Safranal Allelochemical of Saffron ( Crocus sativus) by Using Static Exposure Method. Molecules 2019; 24:E1788. [PMID: 31072064 PMCID: PMC6539543 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Safranal, the main volatile chemical of Saffron (Crocus sativus) was studied to estimate its allelopathic effects on the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll, leaf electrolyte leakage, fresh weight, catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX) activity of the test plant Lettuce (Lactuca sativa). In this study, the effective concentration (EC50) of safranal on CAT was estimated to be 6.12 µg/cm3. CAT activity was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the increase in the safranal concentration while POX activity was increased. Moreover, Safranal caused significant physiological changes in chlorophyll content, leaf electrolyte leakage, and fresh weight of several weed species with Lolium multiflorum being the most sensitive. Furthermore, 5 µM Safranal showed significant inhibitory activity against dicotyledonous in comparison to the monocotyledons under greenhouse conditions. The inhibition of the CAT by safranal was similar to those of uncompetitive inhibitors, and therefore the decline in carbon fixation by plants might be the mechanism behind the inhibitory activity of safranal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mardani
- Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Sciences Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu Campus, 2N405, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - John Maninang
- Center for Global Communication Strategies (CGCS) College of Arts and Sciences,The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
| | - Kwame Sarpong Appiah
- Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Sciences Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu Campus, 2N405, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Yosei Oikawa
- Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Sciences Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu Campus, 2N405, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Majid Azizi
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Yoshiharu Fujii
- Center for Global Communication Strategies (CGCS) College of Arts and Sciences,The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
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Bourgeois B, Munoz F, Fried G, Mahaut L, Armengot L, Denelle P, Storkey J, Gaba S, Violle C. What makes a weed a weed? A large-scale evaluation of arable weeds through a functional lens. Am J Bot 2019; 106:90-100. [PMID: 30633823 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Despite long-term research efforts, a comprehensive perspective on the ecological and functional properties determining plant weediness is still lacking. We investigated here key functional attributes of arable weeds compared to non-weed plants, at large spatial scale. METHODS We used an intensive survey of plant communities in cultivated and non-cultivated habitats to define a pool of plants occurring in arable fields (weeds) and one of plants occurring only in open non-arable habitats (non-weeds) in France. We compared the two pools based on nine functional traits and three functional spaces (LHS, reproductive and resource requirement hypervolumes). Within the weed pool, we quantified the trait variation of weeds along a continuum of specialization to arable fields. KEY RESULTS Weeds were mostly therophytes and had higher specific leaf area, earlier and longer flowering, and higher affinity for nutrient-rich, sunny and dry environments compared to non-weeds, although functional spaces of weeds and non-weeds largely overlapped. When fidelity to arable fields increased, the spectrum of weed ecological strategies decreased as did the overlap with non-weeds, especially for the resource requirement hypervolume. CONCLUSIONS Arable weeds constitute a delimited pool defined by a trait syndrome providing tolerance to the ecological filters of arable fields (notably, regular soil disturbances and fertilization). The identification of such a syndrome is of great interest to predict the weedy potential of newly established alien plants. An important reservoir of plants may also become weeds after changes in agricultural practices, considering the large overlap between weeds and non-weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérenger Bourgeois
- Centre de Synthèse et d'Analyse sur la Biodiversité - Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité, 13100, Aix-en-Provence, France
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
- LTSER Zone Atelier "Plaine & Val de Sèvre", Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - François Munoz
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, 38058, Grenoble, France
| | - Guillaume Fried
- Anses, Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux, Unité Entomologie et Plantes Invasives, 34988, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
| | - Lucie Mahaut
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Laura Armengot
- FiBL, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, 5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Denelle
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul Valéry - EPHE, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Jonathan Storkey
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Sabrina Gaba
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
- USC 1339, Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, INRA, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS & Université de La Rochelle, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul Valéry - EPHE, 34293, Montpellier, France
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Uselman SM, Davison J, Baughman OW, Sullivan BW, Miller WW, Leger EA. Restoring dryland old fields with native shrubs and grasses: Does facilitation and seed source matter? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205760. [PMID: 30335842 PMCID: PMC6193679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Restoration of agricultural fields is challenging, especially in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. We conducted experiments in two fields in the Great Basin, USA, which differed in cultivation history and fertility. We tested the effects of different levels of functional diversity (planting grasses and shrubs together, vs. planting shrubs alone), seed source (cultivars, local or distant wild-collections), and irrigation regime (spring or fall and spring) on restoration outcomes. We sowed either: 1) grasses and shrubs in year one, 2) shrubs only, in year one, 3) grasses in year one with herbicide, shrubs in year two, or 4) shrubs alone in year two, after a year of herbicide. We irrigated for two years and monitored for three years. Shrub emergence was highest in the lower fertility field, where increasing functional diversity by seeding grasses had a neutral or facilitative effect on shrub emergence. In the higher fertility field, increasing functional diversity appeared to have a neutral to competitive effect. After declines in shrub densities after irrigation ceased, these effects did not persist. Grasses initially suppressed or had a neutral effect on weeds relative to an unseeded control, but had neutral or facilitative effects on weeds relative to shrub-only seeding. Initially, commercial grasses were either equivalent to or outperformed wild-collected grasses, but after irrigation ceased, commercial grasses were outperformed by wild-collected grasses in the higher fertility field. Local shrubs initially outperformed distant shrubs, but this effect did not persist. Fall and spring irrigation combined with local shrubs and wild-collected grasses was the most successful strategy in the higher fertility field, while in the lower fertility field, irrigation timing had fewer effects. Superior shrub emergence and higher grass persistence indicated that the use of wild and local seed sources is generally warranted, whereas the effects of functional diversity and irrigation regime were context-dependent. A bet-hedging approach that uses a variety of strategies may maximize the chances of restoration success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna M. Uselman
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Jay Davison
- University of Nevada Cooperative Extension, Fallon, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Owen W. Baughman
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
- The Nature Conservancy, Burns, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Benjamin W. Sullivan
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - W. Wally Miller
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Leger
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Liu W, Bai S, Zhao N, Jia S, Li W, Zhang L, Wang J. Non-target site-based resistance to tribenuron-methyl and essential involved genes in Myosoton aquaticum (L.). BMC Plant Biol 2018; 18:225. [PMID: 30305027 PMCID: PMC6180388 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water chickweed (Myosoton aquaticum (L.)) is a dicot broadleaf weed that is widespread in winter fields in China, and has evolved serious resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicides. RESULTS We identified a M. aquaticum population exhibiting moderate (6.15-fold) resistance to tribenuron-methyl (TM). Target-site ALS gene sequencing revealed no known resistance mutations in these plants, and the in vitro ALS activity assays showed no differences in enzyme sensitivity between susceptible and resistant populations; however, resistance was reversed by pretreatment with the cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenase inhibitor malathion. An RNA sequencing transcriptome analysis was performed to identify candidate genes involved in metabolic resistance, and the unigenes obtained by de novo transcriptome assembly were annotated across seven databases. In total, 34 differentially expressed genes selected by digital gene expression analysis were validated by quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR. Ten consistently overexpressed contigs, including four for CYP, four for ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, and two for peroxidase were further validated by qRT-PCR using additional plants from resistant and susceptible populations. Three CYP genes (with homology to CYP734A1, CYP76C1, and CYP86B1) and one ABC transporter gene (with homology to ABCC10) were highly expressed in all resistant plants. CONCLUSION The mechanism of TM resistance in M. aquaticum is controlled by NTSR rather than TSR. Four genes, CYP734A1, CYP76C1, CYP86B1, and ABCC10 could play essential role in metabolic resistance to TM and justify further functional studies. To our knowledge, this is the first large-scale transcriptome analysis of genes associated with NTSR in M. aquaticum using the Illumina platform. Our data provide resource for M. aquaticum biology, and will facilitate the study of herbicide resistance mechanism at the molecular level in this species as well as in other weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Shuang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Sisi Jia
- Taian Customs, Taian, 271000 Shandong China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
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Vieira BC, Samuelson SL, Alves GS, Gaines TA, Werle R, Kruger GR. Distribution of glyphosate-resistant Amaranthus spp. in Nebraska. Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:2316-2324. [PMID: 29095567 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.), common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus var. rudis), and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) are major weeds occurring in fields throughout Nebraska with recurrent grower complaints regarding control with glyphosate. The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency and distribution of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth, common waterhemp, and redroot pigweed populations in Nebraska. The study also aimed to investigate how agronomic practices influence the occurrence of glyphosate resistance in the three Amaranthus species. RESULTS Glyphosate resistance was widespread in common waterhemp (81% of the screened populations), few Palmer amaranth populations were glyphosate-resistant (6% of the screened populations), whereas no glyphosate-resistant redroot pigweed populations were identified in Nebraska. Weed species, geographic region within the state, and current crop were the most important factors predicting the occurrence of glyphosate resistance in fields infested with Amaranthus species in Nebraska. CONCLUSION The intensive glyphosate selection pressure exerted in soybean (Glycine max) fields in eastern Nebraska is one of the major factors causing widespread occurrence of glyphosate resistance in common waterhemp in the state. The relatively low frequency of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth in the state highlights the importance of the application timing and the adoption of multiple modes of action in weed management practices to delay the evolution of glyphosate resistance. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno C Vieira
- West Central Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE, USA
| | - Spencer L Samuelson
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Guilherme S Alves
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Todd A Gaines
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Rodrigo Werle
- West Central Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE, USA
| | - Greg R Kruger
- West Central Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE, USA
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Freckleton RP, Hicks HL, Comont D, Crook L, Hull R, Neve P, Childs DZ. Measuring the effectiveness of management interventions at regional scales by integrating ecological monitoring and modelling. Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:2287-2295. [PMID: 29024368 PMCID: PMC6175144 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of site-specific effects and outcomes, it is often difficult to know whether a management strategy for the control of pests has worked or not. Population dynamics of pests are typically spatially and temporally variable. Moreover, interventions at the scale of individual fields or farms are essentially unreplicated experiments; a decrease in a target population following management cannot safely be interpreted as success because, for example, it might simply be a poor year for that species. Here, we argue that if large-scale data are available, population models can be used to measure outcomes against the prevailing mean and variance. We apply this approach to the problem of rotational management of the weed Alopecurus myosuroides. RESULTS We derived density-structured population models for a set of fields that were not subject to rotational management (continuous winter wheat) and another group that were (rotated into spring barley to control A. myosuroides). We used these models to construct means and variances of the outcomes of management for given starting conditions, and to conduct transient growth analysis. We show that, overall, this management strategy is successful in reducing densities of weeds, albeit with considerable variance. However, we also show that one variant (rotation to spring barley along with variable sowing) shows little evidence for additional control. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that rotational strategies can be effective in the control of this weed, but also that strategies require careful evaluation against a background of spatiotemporal variation. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen L Hicks
- Department of Animal & Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - David Comont
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop ProtectionRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - Laura Crook
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop ProtectionRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - Richard Hull
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop ProtectionRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - Paul Neve
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop ProtectionRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - Dylan Z Childs
- Department of Animal & Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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Oliveira MC, Gaines TA, Dayan FE, Patterson EL, Jhala AJ, Knezevic SZ. Reversing resistance to tembotrione in an Amaranthus tuberculatus (var. rudis) population from Nebraska, USA with cytochrome P450 inhibitors. Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:2296-2305. [PMID: 28799707 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A population of Amaranthus tuberculatus (var. rudis) was confirmed resistant to 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibitor herbicides (mesotrione, tembotrione, and topramezone) in a seed corn/soybean rotation in Nebraska. Further investigation confirmed a non-target-site resistance mechanism in this population. The main objective of this study was to explore the role of cytochrome P450 inhibitors in restoring the efficacy of HPPD-inhibitor herbicides on the HPPD-inhibitor resistant A. tuberculatus population from Nebraska, USA (HPPD-R). RESULTS Enhanced metabolism via cytochrome P450 enzymes is the mechanism of resistance in HPPD-R. Amitrole partially restored the activity of mesotrione, whereas malathion, amitrole, and piperonyl butoxide restored the activity of tembotrione and topramezone in HPPD-R. Although corn was injured through malathion followed by mesotrione application a week after treatment, the injury was transient, and the crop recovered. CONCLUSION The use of cytochrome P450 inhibitors with tembotrione may provide a new way of controlling HPPD-inhibitor resistant A. tuberculatus, but further research is needed to identify the cytochrome P450 candidate gene(s) conferring metabolism-based resistance. The results presented here aid to gain an insight into non-target-site resistance weed management strategies. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwel C Oliveira
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Concord, NE, USA
| | - Todd A Gaines
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University in Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Franck E Dayan
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University in Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Eric L Patterson
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University in Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Amit J Jhala
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Stevan Z Knezevic
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Concord, NE, USA
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Belz RG, Farooq MB, Wagner J. Does selective hormesis impact herbicide resistance evolution in weeds? ACCase-resistant populations of Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. as a case study. Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:1880-1891. [PMID: 29446872 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A field-evolved herbicide-resistant weed population can represent a heterogeneous composite of subpopulations that differ in their susceptibility and responsiveness to herbicide hormesis. Variable hormesis responsiveness can result in selection for and against certain subpopulations under low herbicide doses, and this has the potential to contribute to the evolution of resistance. The relevance of this hypothesis at practical field rates was studied for two field-collected acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) target-site resistant (TSR) biotypes of Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. (haplotype Leu1781) exposed to three ACCase inhibitors. Herbicide dose responses were evaluated at the population level and at different subpopulation levels after the dissection of individual plants by herbicide selection and genotyping. RESULTS The practical field rates of fenoxaprop-P were lower than the observed hormetic doses in the resistant subpopulation, whereas the field rates of clodinafop and cycloxydim stimulated the shoot biomass in different resistant subpopulations by 21-38% above that of the control. Because variable dose levels induced hormesis in the different subpopulations, the practical field rates showed a significant potential to selectively enhance parts of a resistant field population, but did not impact or adversely affect other parts of the population. CONCLUSION As a consequence of population heterogeneity, herbicide hormesis may impact resistance evolution in weeds at realistic use rates via the selective promotion of individual genotypes. However, the practical relevance of this phenomenon may be influenced by many factors, such as the herbicidal active ingredient used, as indicated in this study. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina G Belz
- University of Hohenheim, Hans-Ruthenberg Institute, Agroecology Unit, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Muhammad B Farooq
- University of Hohenheim, Hans-Ruthenberg Institute, Agroecology Unit, Stuttgart, Germany
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Eizenberg H, Goldwasser Y. Control of Egyptian Broomrape in Processing Tomato: A Summary of 20 Years of Research and Successful Implementation. Plant Dis 2018; 102:1477-1488. [PMID: 30673429 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-18-0020-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The obligate root parasitic weeds commonly known as broomrape (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.) cause severe damage to vegetable and field crops worldwide. Efficient control of these parasites is difficult due to their development and attachment to the host plant (via a specialized organ, the haustorium) under the soil surface and to their unique biological traits of massive seed production, facile seed dispersal, germination only under specific conditions, and seed longevity. The major damage inflicted by the parasites takes place underground, making control extremely challenging. Egyptian broomrape (Phelipanche aegyptiaca) is a devastating pest in the Mediterranean basin, parasitizing a wide host crop range, including tomato, sunflower, legumes, and carrot, resulting in severe crop losses. Twenty years of research have led to the development of integrated smart management strategies for combating this parasite in processing tomato fields. In particular, an explicit decision support system (DSS) designated PICKIT has been developed; this DSS is based on predicting parasitism dynamics and employing a range of selective targeted chemical applications (preplanting incorporation, foliar application, and herbigation). In this feature article, we describe the evolution of this research from the laboratory, through greenhouse and experimental field trials, to large scale commercial fields and the successful assimilation of PICKIT into agricultural practice. The use of PICKIT in fields of processing tomatoes in northern Israel has led to effective control of Egyptian broomrape, even in fields with high infestation levels, resulting in a tomato yield increase of an average of 40 tons ha-1 compared with nontreated plots. In 2016, PICKIT was commercially implemented in 33 fields, totaling 400 ha, giving 95% Egyptian broomrape control and tomato yields of 115 to 145 tons ha-1. The outcome of this research is now enabling farmers to grow tomatoes in Egyptian broomrape-infested fields with assured increased yields and hence high profits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Eizenberg
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, ARO, Israel
| | - Yaakov Goldwasser
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, ARO, Israel; and The RH Smith Institute of Plant Sciences & Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Fernández-Bayo JD, Randall TE, Harrold DR, Achmon Y, Hestmark KV, Su J, Dahlquist-Willard RM, Gordon TR, Stapleton JJ, VanderGheynst JS, Simmons CW. Effect of management of organic wastes on inactivation of Brassica nigra and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lactucae using soil biosolarization. Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:1892-1902. [PMID: 29446871 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil biosolarization is a promising alternative to conventional fumigation. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) produced in the soil through fermentation of amended organic matter can affect pest inactivation during biosolarization. The objective was to determine how soil amended with organic wastes that were partially stabilized through either composting or anaerobic digestion affected the inactivation of Brassica nigra (BN; a weed) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae (FOL; a phytopathogenic fungus). RESULTS The mortality of BN seeds in the biosolarized soil was 12% higher than in the solarized soil, although this difference was not significant. However, a significant correlation between BN mortality and VFA accumulation was observed. The number of FOL colony-forming units (CFU) in solarized samples at 5 cm was 34 CFU g-1 of soil, whereas in the biosolarized samples levels were below the limit of quantification. At 15 cm, these levels were 100 CFU g-1 for solarized samples and < 50 CFU g-1 of soil for the biosolarized samples. Amendment addition positively affected the organic matter and potassium content after the solarization process. CONCLUSION The organic waste stabilization method can impact downstream biosolarization performance and final pest inactivation levels. This study suggests that organic waste management practices can be leveraged to improve pest control and soil quality. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Dionisio Fernández-Bayo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tara E Randall
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Duff R Harrold
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yigal Achmon
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kelley V Hestmark
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joey Su
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Thomas R Gordon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - James J Stapleton
- Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program, University of California, Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA, USA
| | - Jean S VanderGheynst
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Dyer WE. Stress-induced evolution of herbicide resistance and related pleiotropic effects. Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:1759-1768. [PMID: 29688592 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Herbicide-resistant weeds, especially those with resistance to multiple herbicides, represent a growing worldwide threat to agriculture and food security. Natural selection for resistant genotypes may act on standing genetic variation, or on a genetic and physiological background that is fundamentally altered because of stress responses to sublethal herbicide exposure. Stress-induced changes include DNA mutations, epigenetic alterations, transcriptional remodeling, and protein modifications, all of which can lead to herbicide resistance and a wide range of pleiotropic effects. Resistance selected in this manner is termed systemic acquired herbicide resistance, and the associated pleiotropic effects are manifested as a suite of constitutive transcriptional and post-translational changes related to biotic and abiotic stress adaptation, representing the evolutionary signature of selection. This phenotype is being investigated in two multiple herbicide-resistant populations of the hexaploid, self-pollinating weedy monocot Avena fatua that display such changes as well as constitutive reductions in certain heat shock proteins and their transcripts, which are well known as global regulators of diverse stress adaptation pathways. Herbicide-resistant populations of most weedy plant species exhibit pleiotropic effects, and their association with resistance genes presents a fertile area of investigation. This review proposes that more detailed studies of resistant A. fatua and other species through the lens of plant evolution under stress will inform improved resistant weed prevention and management strategies. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Edward Dyer
- Department of Plant Sciences & Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
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Brito IP, Tropaldi L, Carbonari CA, Velini ED. Hormetic effects of glyphosate on plants. Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:1064-1070. [PMID: 28094904 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
As all herbicides act on pathways or processes crucial to plants, in an inhibitory or stimulatory way, low rates of any herbicide might be used to modulate plant growth, development, or plant composition. Glyphosate is the most used herbicide in the world, and very low rates of this herbicide can stimulate plant growth, an effect called hormesis. Several studies have shown that glyphosate applications at low rates can increase plant growth, induce shikimic acid accumulation, increase photosynthesis and stomatal opening, increase seed production, and shorten the plant life cycle. Low rates of glyphosate applied to leaves have been reported to cause one or more of these effects in an expanding group of species. Under field conditions, pesticide rates are not uniform, causing some target organisms to receive rates that are low enough to cause hormesis. Until the present, low rates of glyphosate have not been recommended as a growth stimulant for crops, because the hormetic dose can vary considerably, depending on many factors. The objective of the present review is to summarize and analyze existing information about the hormetic effects of glyphosate on plants, thus contributing to understanding how glyphosate hormesis takes place and evaluating the potential use of glyphosate to stimulate plant growth. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Pfs Brito
- Department of Crop Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Agriculture, Botucatu/, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Tropaldi
- Department of Crop Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Agriculture, Botucatu/, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio A Carbonari
- Department of Crop Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Agriculture, Botucatu/, SP, Brazil
| | - Edivaldo D Velini
- Department of Crop Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Agriculture, Botucatu/, SP, Brazil
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Van Horn CR, Moretti ML, Robertson RR, Segobye K, Weller SC, Young BG, Johnson WG, Schulz B, Green AC, Jeffery T, Lespérance MA, Tardif FJ, Sikkema PH, Hall JC, McLean MD, Lawton MB, Sammons RD, Wang D, Westra P, Gaines TA. Glyphosate resistance in Ambrosia trifida: Part 1. Novel rapid cell death response to glyphosate. Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:1071-1078. [PMID: 28266132 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyphosate-resistant (GR) Ambrosia trifida is now present in the midwestern United States and in southwestern Ontario, Canada. Two distinct GR phenotypes are known, including a rapid response (GR RR) phenotype, which exhibits cell death within hours after treatment, and a non-rapid response (GR NRR) phenotype. The mechanisms of resistance in both GR RR and GR NRR remain unknown. Here, we present a description of the RR phenotype and an investigation of target-site mechanisms on multiple A. trifida accessions. RESULTS Glyphosate resistance was confirmed in several accessions, and whole-plant levels of resistance ranged from 2.3- to 7.5-fold compared with glyphosate-susceptible (GS) accessions. The two GR phenotypes displayed similar levels of resistance, despite having dramatically different phenotypic responses to glyphosate. Glyphosate resistance was not associated with mutations in EPSPS sequence, increased EPSPS copy number, EPSPS quantity, or EPSPS activity. CONCLUSION These encompassing results suggest that resistance to glyphosate in these GR RR A. trifida accessions is not conferred by a target-site resistance mechanism. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Van Horn
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA, USA
| | - Marcelo L Moretti
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Renae R Robertson
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Kabelo Segobye
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Stephen C Weller
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Bryan G Young
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - William G Johnson
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Burkhard Schulz
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Amanda C Green
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Taylor Jeffery
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - François J Tardif
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Peter H Sikkema
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J Christopher Hall
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Michael D McLean
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Philip Westra
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Todd A Gaines
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Mohemed N, Charnikhova T, Fradin EF, Rienstra J, Babiker AGT, Bouwmeester HJ. Genetic variation in Sorghum bicolor strigolactones and their role in resistance against Striga hermonthica. J Exp Bot 2018; 69:2415-2430. [PMID: 29415281 PMCID: PMC6498397 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum is an important food, feed, and industrial crop worldwide. Parasitic weeds of the genus Striga constitute a major constraint to sorghum production, particularly in the drier parts of the world. In this study we analysed the Striga germination stimulants, strigolactones, in the root exudates of 36 sorghum genotypes and assessed Striga germination and infection. Low germination-stimulating activity and low Striga infection correlated with the exudation of low amounts of 5-deoxystrigol and high amounts of orobanchol, whereas susceptibility to Striga and high germination-stimulating activity correlated with high concentrations of 5-deoxystrigol and low concentrations of orobanchol. Marker analysis suggested that similar genetics to those previously described for the resistant sorghum variety SRN39 and the susceptible variety Shanqui Red underlie these differences. This study shows that the strigolactone profile in the root exudate of sorghum has a large impact on the level of Striga infection. High concentrations of 5-deoxystrigol result in high infection, while high concentrations of orobanchol result in low infection. This knowledge should help to optimize the use of low germination stimulant-based resistance to Striga by the selection of sorghum genotypes with strigolactone profiles that favour normal growth and development, but reduce the risk of Striga infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreldin Mohemed
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tatsiana Charnikhova
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emilie F Fradin
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Juriaan Rienstra
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Abdelgabar G T Babiker
- Environment, Natural Resources and Desertification Research Institute, The National Research Center, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Harro J Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Tsuchiya Y, Yoshimura M, Hagihara S. The dynamics of strigolactone perception in Striga hermonthica: a working hypothesis. J Exp Bot 2018; 69:2281-2290. [PMID: 29474634 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived strigolactones have diverse functions at ecological scale, including effects upon the growth of plants themselves. The parasitic plants from the family Orobanchaceae interfere with the ecological and hormonal functions of strigolactones to generate unique germination abilities based on the sensing of host-derived strigolactones. Although the recent discovery of strigolactone receptors has enabled us to begin elucidating the mechanism of strigolactone perception, how perception relates to plant parasitism is still a mystery. In this review, we explore emerging questions by introducing recent advances in strigolactone research in parasitic plants. We also attempt to construct a conceptual framework for the unique in planta dynamics of strigolactone perception uncovered through the use of fluorescent probes for strigolactone receptors. Understanding the mechanisms of strigolactone-related processes is essential for controlling the parasitic plant Striga hermonthica, which has caused devastating damage to crop production in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Tsuchiya
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiko Yoshimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinya Hagihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
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Javaid MM, Florentine S, Ali HH, Weller S. Effect of environmental factors on the germination and emergence of Salvia verbenaca L. cultivars (verbenaca and vernalis): An invasive species in semi-arid and arid rangeland regions. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194319. [PMID: 29566039 PMCID: PMC5863982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia verbenaca (wild sage) is a commonly cultivated herbal medicine plant, which is native to the Mediterranean climate regions of Europe, Africa, Asia and the Middle East. However, it has become an invasive species in semi-arid and arid regions of southern Australia. Two varieties are present in this region, var. verbenaca and var. vernalis, each of which can be distinguished by differences in morphology and flowering period. Following trials to determine the optimum temperate regime for germination and response to light and dark, seeds of both varieties were tested for their response to variations in pH, moisture stress, salinity, and burial depth. The temperature and light trial was carried out using three different temperature regimes; 30/20°C, 25/15°C and 20/12°C, and two light regimes; 12 hours light/12 hours dark and 24 hours dark, with var. vernalis responding to relatively higher temperatures than var. verbenaca. The germination rate of neither species was significantly inhibited by complete darkness when compared to rates under periodic light exposure. Both varieties germinated at near optimum rates strongly to very strongly in all pH buffer solutions, from pH 5 to pH 10, but they responded most strongly at neutral pH. Var. vernalis showed slightly more tolerance to reduced moisture availability, moderate to strong salinity, and burial depth, compared to var. verbenaca. However, even a fairly shallow burial depth of 2 cm completely inhibited germination of both varieties. Thus, in circumstances where both varieties are present in a soil seedbank, var. vernalis could be expected to establish in more challenging conditions, where moisture is limited and salinity is ‘moderate to high’, implying that it is a more serious threat for invasive weed in conditions where crop plants are already challenged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mansoor Javaid
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
- Centre for Environmental Management, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Mt Helen, Ballarat, Vic, Australia
| | - Singarayer Florentine
- Centre for Environmental Management, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Mt Helen, Ballarat, Vic, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Hafiz Haider Ali
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Sandra Weller
- Centre for Environmental Management, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Mt Helen, Ballarat, Vic, Australia
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Krause K, Johnsen HR, Pielach A, Lund L, Fischer K, Rose JKC. Identification of tomato introgression lines with enhanced susceptibility or resistance to infection by parasitic giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa). Physiol Plant 2018; 162:205-218. [PMID: 29080211 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The parasitic flowering plant genus Cuscuta (dodder) is a parasitic weed that infects many important crops. Once it winds around the shoots of potential host plants and initiates the development of penetration organs, called haustoria, only a few plant species have been shown to deploy effective defense mechanisms to ward off Cuscuta parasitization. However, a notable exception is Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), which exhibits a local hypersensitive reaction when attacked by giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa). Interestingly, the closely related wild desert tomato, Solanum pennellii, is unable to stop the penetration of its tissue by the C. reflexa haustoria. In this study, we observed that grafting a S. pennellii scion onto the rootstock of the resistant S. lycopersicum did not change the susceptibility phenotype of S. pennellii. This suggests that hormones, or other mobile substances, produced by S. lycopersicum do not induce a defense reaction in the susceptible tissue. Screening of a population of introgression lines harboring chromosome fragments from S. pennellii in the genome of the recurrent parent S. lycopersicum, revealed that most lines exhibit the same defense reaction as shown by the S. lycopersicum parental line. However, several lines showed different responses and exhibited either susceptibility, or cell death that extended considerably beyond the infection site. These lines will be valuable for the future identification of key loci involved in the perception of, and resistance to, C. reflexa and for developing strategies to enhance resistance to infection in crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Krause
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hanne R Johnsen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anna Pielach
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Leidulf Lund
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Karsten Fischer
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jocelyn K C Rose
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Yuan X, Wen B. Seed germination response to high temperature and water stress in three invasive Asteraceae weeds from Xishuangbanna, SW China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191710. [PMID: 29364942 PMCID: PMC5783400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Crassocephalum crepidioides, Conyza canadensis, and Ageratum conyzoides are alien annuals naturalized in China, which produce a large number of viable seeds every year. They widely grow in Xishuangbanna, becoming troublesome weeds that compete with crops for water and nutrients. As seed germination is among the most important life-stages which contribute to plant distribution and invasiveness, its adaptation to temperature and water stress were investigated in these three species. Results showed that: (1) These three species have wide temperature ranges to allow seed germination, i.e., high germination and seedling percentages were achieved between 15°C and 30°C, but germination was seriously inhibited at 35°C; only A. conyzoides demonstrated relative preference for warmer temperatures with approximately 25% germination and seedling percentage at 35°C; (2) light was a vital germination prerequisite for C. crepidioides and A. conyzoides, whereas most C. canadensis seeds germinated in full darkness; (3) Although all three species have good adaptation to bare ground habitat characterized by high temperatures and water stress, including their tolerance to soil surface temperatures of 70°C in air-dried seeds, A. conyzoides seeds exhibited higher tolerance to both continuous and daily periodic high-temperature treatment at 40°C, and to water restriction (e.g., ca. 65% seeds germinated to -0.8 MPa created by NaCl), which is consistent with their field behavior in Xishuangbanna. This study suggests that seed high-temperature tolerance contributes to the weed attributes of these three species, and that adaptation to local micro-habitats is a critical determinant for invasiveness of an alien plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yuan
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wen
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
- * E-mail:
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Burns EE, Keith BK, Refai MY, Bothner B, Dyer WE. Constitutive redox and phosphoproteome changes in multiple herbicide resistant Avena fatua L. are similar to those of systemic acquired resistance and systemic acquired acclimation. J Plant Physiol 2018; 220:105-114. [PMID: 29169105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants are routinely confronted with numerous biotic and abiotic stressors, and in response have evolved highly effective strategies of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and systemic acquired acclimation (SAA), respectively. A much more evolutionarily recent abiotic stress is the application of herbicides to control weedy plants, and their intensive use has selected for resistant weed populations that cause substantial crop yield losses and increase production costs. Non-target site resistance (NTSR) to herbicides is rapidly increasing worldwide and is associated with alterations in generalized stress defense networks. This work investigated protein post-translational modifications associated with NTSR in multiple herbicide resistant (MHR) Avena fatua, and their commonalities with those of SAR and SAA. We used proteomic, biochemical, and immunological approaches to compare constitutive protein profiles in MHR and herbicide susceptible (HS) A. fatua populations. Phosphoproteome and redox proteome surveys showed that post-translational modifications of proteins with functions in core cellular processes were reduced in MHR plants, while those involved in xenobiotic and stress response, reactive oxygen species detoxification and redox maintenance, heat shock response, and intracellular signaling were elevated in MHR as compared to HS plants. More specifically, MHR plants contained constitutively elevated levels of three protein kinases including the lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase LecRK2, a well-characterized component of SAR. Analyses of superoxide dismutase enzyme activity and protein levels did not reveal constitutive differences between MHR and HS plants. The overall results support the idea that herbicide stress is perceived similarly to other abiotic stresses, and that A. fatua NTSR shares analogous features with SAR and SAA. We speculate that MHR A. fatua's previous exposure to sublethal herbicide doses, as well as earlier evolution under a diversity of abiotic and biotic stressors, has led to a heightened state of stress preparedness that includes NTSR to a number of unrelated herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Burns
- Department of Plant Sciences & Plant Pathology, PO Box 173150, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States
| | - Barbara K Keith
- Department of Plant Sciences & Plant Pathology, PO Box 173150, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States
| | - Mohammed Y Refai
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Research, PO Box 173400, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States
| | - Brian Bothner
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Research, PO Box 173400, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States
| | - William E Dyer
- Department of Plant Sciences & Plant Pathology, PO Box 173150, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States.
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Mohammadkhani N, Servati M. Nutrient concentration in wheat and soil under allelopathy treatments. J Plant Res 2018; 131:143-155. [PMID: 29082451 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-0981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Allelopathy is related to soil nutrient availability and allelochemicals can change the soil and therefore the plant nutrient status. Wheat is one of the most important crops for the production of human food in the world. Alhagi maurorum and Cardaria draba are the most important weeds in wheat fields. We performed experiments to assess the allelopathic effect of A. maurorum and C. draba shoots on mineral nutrient concentrations in pot-grown wheat plants and soil. The presence of dry powder of A. maurorum and C. draba shoots reduced concentrations of macronutrients (NO3-, K+, Ca2+ and P) and micronutrients (Fe2+ and Cu2+) in roots and shoots of wheat plants, whereas it did not affect concentrations of Mg2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+. Allelopathic effect of A. maurorum was significantly greater than that of C. draba. There was a significantly positive correlation between wheat growth and ion concentration. There was a significantly negative correlation between the soil nutrient concentration and plant nutrient concentration across the treatments. These results suggest that allelopathy increases the nutrient availability in the soil because of the decrease in absorption by plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayer Mohammadkhani
- Shahid Bakeri High Education Center of Miandoab, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Moslem Servati
- Shahid Bakeri High Education Center of Miandoab, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Nguyen T, Bajwa AA, Belgeri A, Navie S, O'Donnell C, Adkins S. Impact of an invasive weed, Parthenium hysterophorus, on a pasture community in south east Queensland, Australia. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:27188-27200. [PMID: 28963620 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0327-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Parthenium weed is a highly invasive alien species in more than 40 countries around the world. Along with severe negative effects on human and animal health and crop production, it also causes harm to ecosystem functioning by reducing the native plant species biodiversity. However, its impacts on native plant species, especially in pasture communities, are less known. Given parthenium weed causes substantial losses to Australian pastures' productivity, it is crucial to estimate its impact on pasture communities. This study evaluates the impact of parthenium weed upon species diversity in a pasture community at Kilcoy, south east Queensland, Australia. Sub-sites containing three levels of parthenium weed density (i.e. high, low and zero) were chosen to quantify the above- and below-ground plant community structure. Species richness, diversity and evenness were all found to be significantly reduced as the density of parthenium weed increased; an effect was evident even when parthenium weed was present at relatively low densities (i.e. two plants m-2). This trend was observed in the summer season as well as in winter season when this annual weed was absent from the above-ground plant community. This demonstrates the strong impact that parthenium weed has upon the community composition and functioning throughout the year. It also shows the long-term impact of parthenium weed on the soil seed bank where it had displaced several native species. So, management options used for parthenium weed should also consider the reduction of parthenium weed seed bank along with controlling its above-ground populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Nguyen
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ali Ahsan Bajwa
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.
| | | | - Sheldon Navie
- IVM Group Pty. Ltd., PO Box 545, Varsity Lakes, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chris O'Donnell
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Steve Adkins
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
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Yang XF, Kong CH, Yang X, Li YF. Interference of allelopathic rice with penoxsulam-resistant barnyardgrass. Pest Manag Sci 2017; 73:2310-2317. [PMID: 28523765 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite increasing knowledge of allelopathic rice interference with barnyardgrass, relatively little is known about its action on herbicide-resistant barnyardgrass. The incidence of herbicide-resistant barnyardgrass is escalating in paddy fields. Knowledge of the interference of allelopathic rice with herbicide-resistant barnyardgrass and the potential mechanisms involved is warranted. RESULTS Penoxsulam-resistant and -susceptible barnyardgrass biotypes were identified and segregated from a putative penoxsulam-resistant population occurring in paddy fields in China. Allelopathic rice inhibited the growth of barnyardgrass roots more than shoots, regardless of biotype. In particular, there was a stronger inhibition for resistant barnyardgrass than for susceptible barnyardgrass. Allelopathic rice significantly reduced total root length, total root area, maximum root amplitude and maximum root depth in barnyardgrass. Furthermore, the rice allelochemicals tricin and momilactone B inhibited the growth of both resistant and susceptible barnyardgrass. Compared with root contact, root segregation significantly increased inhibition of barnyardgrass with an increase in rice allelochemicals. Root exudates from barnyardgrass induced the production of rice allelochemicals, but the effect of susceptible barnyardgrass was much stronger than that of resistant barnyardgrass. CONCLUSION Allelopathic rice can interfere with the growth of penoxsulam-resistant barnyardgrass through allelochemical-mediated root interactions. This type of allelopathic interference may provide a non-herbicidal alternative for herbicide-resistant weed management in paddy systems. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Fang Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chui-Hua Kong
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Feng Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Jones IL, Peres CA, Benchimol M, Bunnefeld L, Dent DH. Woody lianas increase in dominance and maintain compositional integrity across an Amazonian dam-induced fragmented landscape. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185527. [PMID: 29040272 PMCID: PMC5644977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical forest fragmentation creates insular biological communities that undergo species loss and changes in community composition over time, due to area- and edge-effects. Woody lianas thrive in degraded and secondary forests, due to their competitive advantage over trees in these habitats. Lianas compete both directly and indirectly with trees, increasing tree mortality and turnover. Despite our growing understanding of liana-tree dynamics, we lack detailed knowledge of the assemblage-level responses of lianas themselves to fragmentation, particularly in evergreen tropical forests. We examine the responses of both sapling and mature liana communities to landscape-scale forest insularization induced by a mega hydroelectric dam in the Brazilian Amazon. Detailed field inventories were conducted on islands created during reservoir filling, and in nearby mainland continuous forest. We assess the relative importance of variables associated with habitat fragmentation such as area, isolation, surrounding forest cover, fire and wind disturbance, on liana community attributes including abundance, basal area, diversity, and composition. We also explore patterns of liana dominance relative to tree saplings and adults ≥10 cm diameter at breast height. We find that 1) liana community composition remains remarkably similar across mainland continuous forest and islands, regardless of extreme area- and edge- effects and the loss of vertebrate dispersers in the latter; and 2) lianas are increasing in dominance relative to trees in the sapling layer in the most degraded islands, with both the amount of forest cover surrounding islands and fire disturbance history predicting liana dominance. Our data suggest that liana communities persist intact in isolated forests, regardless of extreme area- and edge-effects; while in contrast, tree communities simultaneously show evidence of increased turnover and supressed recruitment. These processes may lead to lianas becoming a dominant component of this dam-induced fragmented landscape in the future, due to their competitive advantage over trees in degraded forest habitats. Additional loss of tree biomass and diversity brought about through competition with lianas, and the concurrent loss of carbon storage, should be accounted for in impact assessments of future dam development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel L. Jones
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Carlos A. Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lynsey Bunnefeld
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Daisy H. Dent
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, Balboa, Panama
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Malmstrom CM, Butterfield HS, Planck L, Long CW, Eviner VT. Novel fine-scale aerial mapping approach quantifies grassland weed cover dynamics and response to management. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181665. [PMID: 29016604 PMCID: PMC5633334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive weeds threaten the biodiversity and forage productivity of grasslands worldwide. However, management of these weeds is constrained by the practical difficulty of detecting small-scale infestations across large landscapes and by limits in understanding of landscape-scale invasion dynamics, including mechanisms that enable patches to expand, contract, or remain stable. While high-end hyperspectral remote sensing systems can effectively map vegetation cover, these systems are currently too costly and limited in availability for most land managers. We demonstrate application of a more accessible and cost-effective remote sensing approach, based on simple aerial imagery, for quantifying weed cover dynamics over time. In California annual grasslands, the target communities of interest include invasive weedy grasses (Aegilops triuncialis and Elymus caput-medusae) and desirable forage grass species (primarily Avena spp. and Bromus spp.). Detecting invasion of annual grasses into an annual-dominated community is particularly challenging, but we were able to consistently characterize these two communities based on their phenological differences in peak growth and senescence using maximum likelihood supervised classification of imagery acquired twice per year (in mid- and end-of season). This approach permitted us to map weed-dominated cover at a 1-m scale (correctly detecting 93% of weed patches across the landscape) and to evaluate weed cover change over time. We found that weed cover was more pervasive and persistent in management units that had no significant grazing for several years than in those that were grazed, whereas forage cover was more abundant and stable in the grazed units. This application demonstrates the power of this method for assessing fine-scale vegetation transitions across heterogeneous landscapes. It thus provides means for small-scale early detection of invasive species and for testing fundamental questions about landscape dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M. Malmstrom
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Laura Planck
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Christopher W. Long
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Valerie T. Eviner
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
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