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Rezig L, Abdelkrim YZ. Phytosterols: Potential Therapeutic Effects and Challenges in Food Industry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:453-462. [PMID: 38036893 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Increases in serum total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol are known as hypercholesterolemia, and it is a significant risk factor for the emergence of cardiovascular illnesses. Any action strategy for lowering serum cholesterol is supported by lifestyle changes. Phytosterols are organic substances from the triterpene family. Phytosterols can lower serum LDL cholesterol levels because of their structural resemblance to cholesterol. Phytosterols are used to enrich or fortify a broad spectrum of food products. Phytosterols are quickly oxidized, just like cholesterol and unsaturated fatty acids. The utilization of free phytosterols for the manufacture of functional meals is highlighted in this chapter, which also focuses on the therapeutic effects of phytosterols and their technological concerns in the industrial field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Rezig
- University of Carthage, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, LR11ES24, LIP-MB 'Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules', Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Food Industries, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yosser Zina Abdelkrim
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology (LR11IPT04/LR16IPT04)/Laboratory of Epidemiology and Ecology of Parasites, Institut Pasteur de Tunis - University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Process Engineering Department, Institut Supérieur des Études Technologiques de Bizerte, Direction Générale des Études Technologiques, Tunis, Tunisia
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2
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Siddiqui SA, Khan S, Mehdizadeh M, Bahmid NA, Adli DN, Walker TR, Perestrelo R, Câmara JS. Phytochemicals and bioactive constituents in food packaging - A systematic review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21196. [PMID: 37954257 PMCID: PMC10632435 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Designing and manufacturing functional bioactive ingredients and pharmaceuticals have grown worldwide. Consumers demand for safe ingredients and concerns over harmful synthetic additives have prompted food manufacturers to seek safer and sustainable alternative solutions. In recent years the preference by consumers to natural bioactive agents over synthetic compounds increased exponentially, and consequently, naturally derived phytochemicals and bioactive compounds, with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, becoming essential in food packaging field. In response to societal needs, packaging needs to be developed based on sustainable manufacturing practices, marketing strategies, consumer behaviour, environmental concerns, and the emergence of new technologies, particularly bio- and nanotechnology. This critical systematic review assessed the role of antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds from natural resources in food packaging and consumer behaviour patterns in relation to phytochemical and biologically active substances used in the development of food packaging. The use of phytochemicals and bioactive compounds inside packaging materials used in food industry could generate unpleasant odours derived from the diffusion of the most volatile compounds from the packaging material to the food and food environment. These consumer concerns must be addressed to understand minimum concentrations that will not affect consumer sensory and aroma negative perceptions. The research articles were carefully chosen and selected by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Technical University of Munich Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Essigberg 3, 94315, Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Prof.-von-Klitzing Str. 7, 49610, D-Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Sipper Khan
- Tropics and Subtropics Group, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mohammad Mehdizadeh
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
- Ilam Science and Technology Park, Iran
| | - Nur Alim Bahmid
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Gading, Playen, Gunungkidul, 55861, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Agricultural Product Technology Department, Universitas Sulawesi Barat, Majene, 90311, Indonesia
| | - Danung Nur Adli
- Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Tony R. Walker
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H, 4R2, Canada
| | - Rosa Perestrelo
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - José S. Câmara
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
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Yu Y, Li X, Zhang J, Li X, Wang J, Sun B. Oat milk analogue versus traditional milk: Comprehensive evaluation of scientific evidence for processing techniques and health effects. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100859. [PMID: 37780279 PMCID: PMC10534225 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk, enriched with high-quality protein, is a healthy and nutritious food that meets people's needs. However, consumers are turning their attention to plant-based milk due to several concerns, such as lactose intolerance, allergies and some diseases caused by milk; carbon emission from cattle farming; economical aspects; and low access to vitamins and minerals. Oat milk, which is produced from whole grain oats, is lactose free and rich in a variety of nutrients and phytochemicals. With the significant development of food processing methods and advancement in milk simulation products, the production of plant-based milk, such as cereal milk, has greatly progressed. This review described some features of oat milk analogue versus traditional milk and compared the properties, processing technologies, health effects, environmental friendliness, and consumer acceptance of these products. It is expected to provide a reference for evaluating development trends and helping consumers choose between oat milk and traditional milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Yu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing); Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation; China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xinping Li
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing); Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation; China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jingjie Zhang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing); Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation; China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing); Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation; China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing); Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation; China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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4
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Chen W, Zhu CS, Qiang X, Chen S, Li J, Wang P, Tracey KJ, Wang H. Development of Procathepsin L (pCTS-L)-Inhibiting Lanosterol-Carrying Liposome Nanoparticles to Treat Lethal Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8649. [PMID: 37239992 PMCID: PMC10217857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of microbial infections and sepsis is partly attributable to dysregulated innate immune responses propagated by late-acting proinflammatory mediators such as procathepsin L (pCTS-L). It was previously not known whether any natural product could inhibit pCTS-L-mediated inflammation or could be strategically developed into a potential sepsis therapy. Here, we report that systemic screening of a NatProduct Collection of 800 natural products led to the identification of a lipophilic sterol, lanosterol (LAN), as a selective inhibitor of pCTS-L-induced production of cytokines [e.g., Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6)] and chemokines [e.g., Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) and Epithelial Neutrophil-Activating Peptide (ENA-78)] in innate immune cells. To improve its bioavailability, we generated LAN-carrying liposome nanoparticles and found that these LAN-containing liposomes (LAN-L) similarly inhibited pCTS-L-induced production of several chemokines [e.g., MCP-1, Regulated upon Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Presumably Secreted (RANTES) and Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-2 (MIP-2)] in human blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In vivo, these LAN-carrying liposomes effectively rescued mice from lethal sepsis even when the first dose was given at 24 h post the onset of this disease. This protection was associated with a significant attenuation of sepsis-induced tissue injury and systemic accumulation of serval surrogate biomarkers [e.g., IL-6, Keratinocyte-derived Chemokine (KC), and Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor I (sTNFRI)]. These findings support an exciting possibility to develop liposome nanoparticles carrying anti-inflammatory sterols as potential therapies for human sepsis and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Chen
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, New York, NY 11030, USA; (W.C.); (C.S.Z.); (X.Q.); (S.C.); (J.L.); (P.W.); (K.J.T.)
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd., Hempstead, New York, NY 11549, USA
| | - Cassie Shu Zhu
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, New York, NY 11030, USA; (W.C.); (C.S.Z.); (X.Q.); (S.C.); (J.L.); (P.W.); (K.J.T.)
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd., Hempstead, New York, NY 11549, USA
| | - Xiaoling Qiang
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, New York, NY 11030, USA; (W.C.); (C.S.Z.); (X.Q.); (S.C.); (J.L.); (P.W.); (K.J.T.)
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd., Hempstead, New York, NY 11549, USA
| | - Shujin Chen
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, New York, NY 11030, USA; (W.C.); (C.S.Z.); (X.Q.); (S.C.); (J.L.); (P.W.); (K.J.T.)
| | - Jianhua Li
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, New York, NY 11030, USA; (W.C.); (C.S.Z.); (X.Q.); (S.C.); (J.L.); (P.W.); (K.J.T.)
| | - Ping Wang
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, New York, NY 11030, USA; (W.C.); (C.S.Z.); (X.Q.); (S.C.); (J.L.); (P.W.); (K.J.T.)
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd., Hempstead, New York, NY 11549, USA
| | - Kevin J. Tracey
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, New York, NY 11030, USA; (W.C.); (C.S.Z.); (X.Q.); (S.C.); (J.L.); (P.W.); (K.J.T.)
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd., Hempstead, New York, NY 11549, USA
| | - Haichao Wang
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, New York, NY 11030, USA; (W.C.); (C.S.Z.); (X.Q.); (S.C.); (J.L.); (P.W.); (K.J.T.)
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd., Hempstead, New York, NY 11549, USA
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Buț MG, Jîtcă G, Imre S, Vari CE, Ősz BE, Jîtcă CM, Tero-Vescan A. The Lack of Standardization and Pharmacological Effect Limits the Potential Clinical Usefulness of Phytosterols in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1722. [PMID: 37111945 PMCID: PMC10142909 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) markedly increases with age. Phytotherapeutic approaches have been developed over time owing to the adverse side effects of conventional medications such as 5-reductase inhibitors and α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists. Therefore, dietary supplements (DS) containing active compounds that benefit BPH are widely available. Phytosterols (PSs) are well recognized for their role in maintaining blood cholesterol levels; however, their potential in BPH treatment remains unexplored. This review aims to provide a general overview of the available data regarding the clinical evidence and a good understanding of the detailed pharmacological roles of PSs-induced activities at a molecular level in BPH. Furthermore, we will explore the authenticity of PSs content in DS used by patients with BPH compared to the current legislation and appropriate analytical methods for tracking DS containing PSs. The results showed that PSs might be a useful pharmacological treatment option for men with mild to moderate BPH, but the lack of standardized extracts linked with the regulation of DS containing PSs and experimental evidence to elucidate the mechanisms of action limit the use of PSs in BPH. Moreover, the results suggest multiple research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mădălina-Georgiana Buț
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, I.O.S.U.D, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (M.-G.B.); (C.-M.J.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania;
| | - George Jîtcă
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (C.E.V.); (B.E.Ő.)
| | - Silvia Imre
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania;
| | - Camil Eugen Vari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (C.E.V.); (B.E.Ő.)
| | - Bianca Eugenia Ősz
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (C.E.V.); (B.E.Ő.)
| | - Carmen-Maria Jîtcă
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, I.O.S.U.D, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (M.-G.B.); (C.-M.J.)
| | - Amelia Tero-Vescan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania;
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6
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Chang ZY, Chen CW, Tsai MJ, Chen CC, Alshetaili A, Hsiao YT, Fang JY. The elucidation of structure-activity and structure-permeation relationships for the cutaneous delivery of phytosterols to attenuate psoriasiform inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110202. [PMID: 37075671 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols have been reported to exert anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to investigate the capacity of campesterol, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol on the mitigation of psoriasiform inflammation. We also tried to establish structure-activity and structure-permeation relationships for these plant sterols. To support this study, we first approached the in silico data of the physicochemical properties and the molecular docking of phytosterols with stratum corneum (SC) lipids. The anti-inflammatory activity of the phytosterols was explored in the activated keratinocytes and macrophages. Using the activated keratinocyte model, a significant inhibition of IL-6 and CXCL8 overexpression by phytosterols was detected. A comparable inhibition level was found for the three phytosterols tested. The macrophage-based study showed that the anti-IL-6 and anti-CXCL8 activities of campesterol were greater than those of the other compounds, which indicated that a phytosterol structure without a double bond on C22 and with methyl moiety on C24 was more effective. The conditioned medium of phytosterol-treated macrophages decreased STAT3 phosphorylation in the keratinocytes, suggesting the inhibition of keratinocyte hyperproliferation. β-sitosterol was the penetrant with the highest pig skin absorption (0.33 nmol/mg), followed by campesterol (0.21 nmol/mg) and stigmasterol (0.16 nmol/mg). The therapeutic index (TI) is a parameter measured by multiplying the cytokine/chemokine suppression percentage with skin absorption for anticipating the anti-inflammatory activity after topical delivery. β-sitosterol is a potential candidate for treating psoriatic inflammation due to having the greatest TI value. In this study, β-sitosterol attenuated epidermal hyperplasia and immune cell infiltration in the psoriasis-like mouse model. The psoriasiform epidermis thickness could be reduced from 92.4 to 63.8 μm by the topical use of β-sitosterol, with a downregulation of IL-6, TNF-α, and CXCL1. The skin tolerance study manifested that the reference drug betamethasone but not β-sitosterol could generate barrier dysfunction. β-sitosterol possessed anti-inflammatory activity and facile skin transport, showing the potential for development as an anti-psoriatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yu Chang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jun Tsai
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chang Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Abdullah Alshetaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu-Tai Hsiao
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Guo S, Ma C, Hu Y, Song Z, Wang T, Yang R. A notable impact of lipid matrices on cholesterol bioaccessibility from phytosterols-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers during in vitro intestinal digestion. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Faubel N, Cilla A, Alegriía A, Barberá R, Garcia-Llatas G. Overview of in vitro digestion methods to evaluate bioaccessibility of lipophilic compounds in foods. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2143520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Faubel
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Antonio Cilla
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Amparo Alegriía
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Reyes Barberá
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Garcia-Llatas
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
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Hossain A, Jayadeep A. Impact of extrusion on the content and bioaccessibility of fat soluble nutraceuticals, phenolics and antioxidants activity in whole maize. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Faubel N, Makran M, Cilla A, Alegría A, Barberá R, Garcia-Llatas G. Bioaccessibility of Plant Sterols in Wholemeal Rye Bread Using the INFOGEST Protocol: Influence of Oral Phase and Enzymes of Lipid Metabolism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13223-13232. [PMID: 36206318 PMCID: PMC10389751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccessibility of plant sterols (PS) in an enriched wholemeal rye bread was evaluated, for the first time, using the INFOGEST protocol without gastric lipase (GL) and cholesterol esterase (CE), with GL or GL + CE. Moreover, human chewing and an in vitro oral phase (simulated salivary fluid and α-amylase) were evaluated for this purpose. The addition of GL decreased the bioaccessibility of total PS (from 23.8 to 18.5%), whereas the use of GL + CE does not significantly affect PS bioaccessibility. The in vitro oral phase resulted in an ineffective homogenization of the fresh vs partially dried and milled bread, reducing the bioaccessibility of total (from 20.2 to 12.8%) and individual PS. The INFOGEST digestion including the use of GL and CE, as well as an oral phase with human chewing, is proposed for the assessment of PS bioaccessibility in a solid matrix such as wholemeal rye bread since it more closely approximates the in vivo situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Faubel
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Mussa Makran
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Antonio Cilla
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Amparo Alegría
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Reyes Barberá
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Garcia-Llatas
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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Xie L, Zhang T, Karrar E, Zheng L, Xie D, Jin J, Wang X, Jin Q. Purification, characterization, and cellular antioxidant activity of 4,4‐dimethylsterols and 4‐desmethylsterols. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- School of Biological and Food Engineering Anhui Polytechnic University Wuhu China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Emad Karrar
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Liyou Zheng
- School of Biological and Food Engineering Anhui Polytechnic University Wuhu China
| | - Dan Xie
- School of Biological and Food Engineering Anhui Polytechnic University Wuhu China
| | - Jun Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
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12
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Sterol bioaccessibility in a plant sterol-enriched beverage using the INFOGEST digestion method: Influence of gastric lipase, bile salts and cholesterol esterase. Food Chem 2022; 382:132305. [PMID: 35134721 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the influence of increasing bile salts and the addition of key enzymes of the lipidic metabolism in the INFOGEST digestion method on sterol bioaccessibility from a plant sterol (PS)-enriched beverage. The assayed modifications were increasing concentration of bovine bile salts (10 vs. 17.5 mM), and addition of gastric lipase (GL) (60U/mL), cholesterol esterase (CE) (0.075 or 2U/mL) or both. Compared to the original method (10 mM bile salts without enzymes), the assayed conditions significantly reduced bioaccessibility of individual (from 11.3 to 19.7 to 5.1-16.6%) and total PS (13.7 to 6.9-8.0%), and cholesterol (52.8 to 20.9-26.1%), except only when CE is added not allowing cholesterol quantification. The bioaccessibility achieved when lipolytic enzymes were tested was similar for all sterols. For a more physiological approach to in vivo conditions, incorporation of bile salts (10 mM), GL (60U/mL) and CE (0.075U/mL) to the INFOGEST method is proposed, although it increases the cost compared to the established method.
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Zhou L, Li K, Duan X, Hill D, Barrow C, Dunshea F, Martin G, Suleria H. Bioactive compounds in microalgae and their potential health benefits. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Zhang R, Han Y, McClements DJ, Xu D, Chen S. Production, Characterization, Delivery, and Cholesterol-Lowering Mechanism of Phytosterols: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2483-2494. [PMID: 35170307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols are natural plant-based bioactive compounds that can lower blood cholesterol levels and help prevent cardiovascular diseases. Consequently, they are being utilized in functional foods, supplements, and pharmaceutical products designed to improve human health. This paper summarizes different approaches to isolate, purify, and characterize phytosterols. It also discusses the hypolipidemic mechanisms of phytosterols and their impact on cholesterol transportation. Phytosterols have a low water-solubility, poor chemical stability, and limited bioavailability, which limits their utilization and efficacy in functional foods. Strategies are therefore being developed to overcome these shortcomings. Colloidal delivery systems, such as emulsions, oleogels, liposomes, and nanoparticles, have been shown to be effective at improving the water-dispersibility, stability, and bioavailability of phytosterols. These delivery systems can be used to incorporate phytosterols into a broader range of cholesterol-lowering functional foods and beverages. We also discuses several issues that need to be addressed before these phytosterol delivery systems can find widespread commercial utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yahong Han
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Duoxia Xu
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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15
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Blanco-Morales V, Silvestre RDLÁ, Hernández-Álvarez E, Donoso-Navarro E, Alegría A, Garcia-Llatas G. Influence of Galactooligosaccharides on the Positive Effect of Plant Sterol-Enriched Beverages on Cardiovascular Risk and Sterol Colon Metabolism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:532-542. [PMID: 35012310 PMCID: PMC9127961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the impact of galactooligosaccharide (GOS) addition to a plant sterol (PS)-enriched beverage on the hypocholesterolemic effect and on the bioavailability and colonic metabolization of sterols was evaluated. A crossover trial was undertaken in postmenopausal women who intook a PS-enriched (2 g PS/day) or PS-GOS-enriched beverage (2 g PS/day and 4.3 g GOS/day) for 6 weeks. The presence of GOS did not modify the hypocholesterolemic effect of the PS-enriched beverage (total- and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol reductions) or sterol bioavailability (increments of serum markers of dietary PS intake and of cholesterol synthesis). The consumption of both beverages led to an increase of sterol and metabolite excretion (with the exception of coprostanol, which decreased) and to slight changes in women's capacities for sterol conversion, regardless of the GOS presence. This study demonstrates the suitability of simultaneous enrichment with PS and GOS in milk-based fruit beverages, considering their hypocholesterolemic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Blanco-Morales
- Nutrition
and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n,
Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Ramona de los Ángeles Silvestre
- Clinical
Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Manuel de Falla, 1, Madrid 28222, Spain
| | - Elena Hernández-Álvarez
- Clinical
Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Manuel de Falla, 1, Madrid 28222, Spain
| | - Encarnación Donoso-Navarro
- Clinical
Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Manuel de Falla, 1, Madrid 28222, Spain
| | - Amparo Alegría
- Nutrition
and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n,
Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Garcia-Llatas
- Nutrition
and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n,
Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
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16
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Garcia-Llatas G, Alegría A, Barberá R, Cilla A. Current methodologies for phytosterol analysis in foods. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Blanco-Morales V, Garcia-Llatas G, Yebra MJ, Sentandreu V, Alegría A. In vitro colonic fermentation of a plant sterol-enriched beverage in a dynamic-colonic gastrointestinal digester. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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18
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Hossain A, Jayadeep A. Infrared heating induced improvement of certain phytobioactives, their bioaccessible contents and bioaccessibility in maize. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.110912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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19
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Salehi B, Quispe C, Sharifi-Rad J, Cruz-Martins N, Nigam M, Mishra AP, Konovalov DA, Orobinskaya V, Abu-Reidah IM, Zam W, Sharopov F, Venneri T, Capasso R, Kukula-Koch W, Wawruszak A, Koch W. Phytosterols: From Preclinical Evidence to Potential Clinical Applications. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:599959. [PMID: 33519459 PMCID: PMC7841260 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.599959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytosterols (PSs) are plant-originated steroids. Over 250 PSs have been isolated, and each plant species contains a characteristic phytosterol composition. A wide number of studies have reported remarkable pharmacological effects of PSs, acting as chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiatherosclerotic agents. However, PS bioavailability is a key issue, as it can be influenced by several factors (type, source, processing, preparation, delivery method, food matrix, dose, time of administration into the body, and genetic factors), and the existence of a close relationship between their chemical structures (e.g., saturation degree and side-chain length) and low absorption rates has been stated. In this sense, the present review intends to provide in-depth data on PS therapeutic potential for human health, also emphasizing their preclinical effects and bioavailability-related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal (A Central) University, Srinagar Garhwal, India
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shobhit University, Gangoh, India
| | - Dmitryi Alexeevich Konovalov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Botany and Technology of Phytopreparations, Pyatigorsk Medical-Pharmaceutical Institute, Branch of Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Pyatigorsk, Russia
| | - Valeriya Orobinskaya
- Institute of Service, Tourism and Design (Branch) of North-Caucasus Federal University in Pyatigorsk, Pyatigorsk, Russia
| | - Ibrahim M. Abu-Reidah
- Department of Environmental Science/Boreal Ecosystem Research Initiative, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
| | - Wissam Zam
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Tartous, Syria
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- “Chinese-Tajik Innovation Center for Natural Products”, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Tommaso Venneri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | | | - Anna Wawruszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Koch
- Chair and Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Phytosterol vehicles used in a functional product modify carotenoid/cholesterol bioaccessibility and uptake by Caco-2 cells. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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21
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Hossain A, Jayadeep A. Analysis of bioaccessibility of campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol in maize by in vitro digestion method. J Cereal Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2020.102957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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22
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Tolve R, Cela N, Condelli N, Di Cairano M, Caruso MC, Galgano F. Microencapsulation as a Tool for the Formulation of Functional Foods: The Phytosterols' Case Study. Foods 2020; 9:foods9040470. [PMID: 32283860 PMCID: PMC7230576 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia, which is an increase in total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) serum cholesterol, is an important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Lifestyle modifications underpin any action plan for reducing serum cholesterol. Phytosterols are natural compounds belonging to the triterpenes family. Thanks to their structural analogy with cholesterol, phytosterols have the ability to reduce serum LDL-cholesterol levels. Phytosterols are used to enrich or fortify a broad spectrum of food products. Like unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol, phytosterols are easily oxidized. Microencapsulation could be a useful tool to overcome this and other drawbacks linked to the use of phytosterols in food fortification. In this review, in addition to explaining the phytosterols’ mechanisms of action, a focus on the use of free and encapsulated phytosterols for the formulation of functional foods, taking also into account both technological and legislative issues, is given.
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Blanco-Morales V, Garcia-Llatas G, Yebra MJ, Sentandreu V, Lagarda MJ, Alegría A. Impact of a Plant Sterol- and Galactooligosaccharide-Enriched Beverage on Colonic Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Composition Using an In Vitro Dynamic Model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1884-1895. [PMID: 31523960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A beverage enriched with plant sterols (1 g/100 mL) and galactooligosaccharides (1.8 g/100 mL) was subjected to a dynamic gastrointestinal and colonic fermentation process to evaluate the effect on sterol metabolism, organic acid production, and microbiota composition. Production of sterol metabolites (coprostanol, methylcoprostanol, ethylcoprostenol, ethylcoprostanol, and sitostenone) was observed in the transverse colon (TC) and descending colon (DC) vessels in general, from 24 and 48 h, respectively. Microbial activity was assessed through the production of organic acids, mainly acetate in all colon vessels, lactate in the AC, and butyrate and propionate in the TC and DC. A higher diversity in the microbial community was found in the TC and DC, in accordance with a higher sterol metabolism and organic acid production. Although the prebiotic effect of galactooligosaccharides was not detected, changes in microbiota composition (an increase in the Parabacteroides genus and the Synergistaceae and Lachnospiraceae families) indicated an enhancement of sterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Blanco-Morales
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n , 46100 Burjassot , Valencia , Spain
| | - Guadalupe Garcia-Llatas
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n , 46100 Burjassot , Valencia , Spain
| | - María J Yebra
- Laboratory of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA) . Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) , Avenida Agustín Escardino 7 , 46980 Paterna , Valencia , Spain
| | - Vicente Sentandreu
- Genomics Section, Central Service for Experimental Research (SCSIE) , University of Valencia , Carrer del Doctor Moliner 50 , 46100 Burjassot , Valencia , Spain
| | - María Jesús Lagarda
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n , 46100 Burjassot , Valencia , Spain
| | - Amparo Alegría
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n , 46100 Burjassot , Valencia , Spain
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24
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Ubeyitogullari A, Ciftci ON. In vitro bioaccessibility of novel low-crystallinity phytosterol nanoparticles in non-fat and regular-fat foods. Food Res Int 2019; 123:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Cuevas-Tena M, Bermúdez JD, Silvestre RDLÁ, Alegría A, Lagarda MJ. Impact of colonic fermentation on sterols after the intake of a plant sterol-enriched beverage: A randomized, double-blind crossover trial. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:1549-1560. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Ubeyitogullari A, Moreau R, Rose DJ, Ciftci ON. In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Low-Crystallinity Phytosterol Nanoparticles Generated Using Nanoporous Starch Bioaerogels. J Food Sci 2019; 84:1812-1819. [PMID: 31218690 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Phytosterols are natural health-promoting bioactive compounds; however, phytosterols have very limited bioavailability due to their crystalline lipophilic structure. With the aim of improving bioaccessibility, low-crystallinity phytosterol nanoparticles were generated by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2 ) impregnation of phytosterols into nanoporous starch aerogels (NSAs). The in vitro bioaccessibility of the phytosterol nanoparticles (35%) was significantly higher than that of the crude phytosterols (3%) after sequential oral, gastric, and intestinal digestion. The percentages of starch hydrolysis were not different among the various NSA preparations and reached to 64% after sequential digestion. The zeta potential of the phytosterol nanoparticles was higher compared to that of crude phytosterols in the micellar phase; indicating higher stability. The findings of this study support the use of NSA to produce nanoparticles of reduced crystallinity to improve the bioaccessibility of the lipophilic bioactive compounds. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This novel process can decrease the size and crystallinity of phytosterols and thus improve phytosterols' bioavailability. It is a blueprint to apply to other water insoluble food bioactives. This novel approach may (i) improve the health benefits of water-insoluble bioactives; (ii) enable food manufacturers to add water-insoluble bioactives into low- and high-fat foods to produce health-promoting foods; and (iii) enhance the cost-benefit ratio of water insoluble bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ubeyitogullari
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-6205, U.S.A
| | - Régis Moreau
- Dept. of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0806, U.S.A
| | - Devin J Rose
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-6205, U.S.A
| | - Ozan N Ciftci
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-6205, U.S.A
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Wilde PJ, Garcia-Llatas G, Lagarda MJ, Haslam RP, Grundy MM. Oat and lipolysis: Food matrix effect. Food Chem 2019; 278:683-691. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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28
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Jia C, Xia X, Liu P, Wang H, Zhang J, Zhang X. Mild and Efficient Preparation of Phytosteryl Amino Acid Ester Hydrochlorides and Their Emulsifying Properties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1749-1759. [PMID: 30657680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to produce a series of phytosteryl amino acid ester hydrochlorides by a two-step method, which involved esterification of phytosterols with N- tert-butoxycarbonyl (BOC) amino acid and deprotection of the BOC group. The highest yield of over 95.0% was obtained when the catalysts were the mixtures of 1-ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbodiimide hydrochlide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and triethylamine. It was found that batch charging of the reactants and catalysts was conducive to improving the yield. In addition, over 99.0% of the BOC group deprotection degree was achieved using the HCl/ethyl acetate deprotection method. All of the compounds were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The emulsifying properties of phytosterols and phytosteryl amino acid ester hydrochlorides were also investigated. The results showed higher emulsifying properties of phytosteryl amino acid ester hydrochlorides, which could favor its wide application in food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsheng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
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Blanco-Morales V, López-García G, Cilla A, Garcia-Llatas G, Barberá R, Lagarda MJ, Sánchez-Siles LM, Alegría A. The impact of galactooligosaccharides on the bioaccessibility of sterols in a plant sterol-enriched beverage: adaptation of the harmonized INFOGEST digestion method. Food Funct 2018; 9:2080-2089. [PMID: 29594273 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00155c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the addition of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) on sterol bioaccessibility in three plant sterol (PS)-enriched milk-based fruit beverages (without GOS addition (MfB) and with 2.5 g (MfB-G2) and 5.0 g (MfB-G5) GOS per 250 mL) was evaluated after micellar gastrointestinal digestion. Cholesterol bioaccessibility was very similar among beverages, though a slight significant increase (from 80% to 85%) was observed by the addition of 5.0 g GOS. The addition of GOS did not affect total PS bioaccessibility (≈37%). Based on the results obtained after micellar digestion, it has been demonstrated that these beverages could be a suitable food matrix for simultaneous enrichment with PS and GOS. The harmonized in vitro digestion model INFOGEST was applied to the MfB beverage, but the cholesterol content could not be quantified due to its contribution of bile salts. Hence, it was proposed: (i) a change in porcine bile salt concentration from 10 mM to 1.4 mM (in order to compare with micellar digestion); or (ii) a change of bile salt origin (bovine instead of porcine), maintaining physiological concentration (10 mM, INFOGEST condition). Both options allowed cholesterol quantification, with bioaccessibilities of 62% (reduction of bile salts) and 38% (replacement of the bile salt source), whereas plant sterol bioaccessibilities were 22% and 14%, respectively. Therefore, the change of bile salt origin maintaining INFOGEST concentration is proposed as a method to evaluate sterol (cholesterol and PS) bioaccessibility in these beverages, demonstrating the need for the selection of appropriate conditions of the INFOGEST harmonized method according to the food matrix and compounds to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Blanco-Morales
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 - Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Álvarez-Sala A, Ávila-Gálvez MÁ, Cilla A, Barberá R, Garcia-Llatas G, Espín JC, González-Sarrías A. Physiological concentrations of phytosterols enhance the apoptotic effects of 5-fluorouracil in colon cancer cells. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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31
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Alvarez-Sala A, Blanco-Morales V, Cilla A, Garcia-Llatas G, Sánchez-Siles LM, Barberá R, Lagarda MJ. Safe intake of a plant sterol-enriched beverage with milk fat globule membrane: Bioaccessibility of sterol oxides during storage. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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32
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Cuevas-Tena M, Gómez del Pulgar EM, Benítez-Páez A, Sanz Y, Alegría A, Lagarda MJ. Plant sterols and human gut microbiota relationship: An in vitro colonic fermentation study. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Hamdan IJA, Sanchez-Siles LM, Garcia-Llatas G, Lagarda MJ. Sterols in Infant Formulas: A Bioaccessibility Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1377-1385. [PMID: 29369630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The design of infant formulas (IFs) seeks to resemble human milk (HM) composition and functionality. The fat sources used usually comprise vegetable oil blends to mimic the fatty acid composition of HM and introduce changes in the animal/plant sterol ratio. In contrast, the use of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM)-rich ingredients could improve this aspect by increasing the ratio. The present study evaluates the bioaccessibility (BA) of sterols (cholesterol, desmosterol, brassicasterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol) in three IFs (with or without MFGM) using an in vitro digestion method simulating infant conditions. Analytical parameters confirmed the suitability of the method for all of these sterols. Results showed the presence of MFGM to increase cholesterol content (6-7 vs 2 mg/100 mL), this being the most bioaccessible sterol in the IFs. Although the BA of cholesterol was reduced in MFGM-enriched IF (65.6-80.4% vs 99.7%), the intake of bioaccessible cholesterol from these IFs was higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam J A Hamdan
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia , Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Luis Manuel Sanchez-Siles
- R&D Department, Institute of Infant Nutrition, Hero Group , Avenida Murcia 1, Alcantarilla , Murcia 30820, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Garcia-Llatas
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia , Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - María Jesús Lagarda
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia , Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
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Ubeyitogullari A, Moreau R, Rose DJ, Zhang J, Ciftci ON. Enhancing the Bioaccessibility of Phytosterols Using Nanoporous Corn and Wheat Starch Bioaerogels. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ubeyitogullari
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE 68588‐6205USA
| | - Régis Moreau
- Department of Nutrition and Health SciencesUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE 68583‐0806USA
| | - Devin J. Rose
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE 68588‐6205USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA
| | - Ozan N. Ciftci
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE 68588‐6205USA
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Meroni E, Raikos V. Physicochemical stability, antioxidant properties and bioaccessibility of β-carotene in orange oil-in-water beverage emulsions: influence of carrier oil types. Food Funct 2018; 9:320-330. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01170a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The bioaccessibility of β-carotene in beverage emulsions was enhanced by modifying the lipid composition of the dispersed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Meroni
- Human Nutrition Unit
- Department of Food
- Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS)
- University of Milan
- 20133 Milan
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Hamdan IJA, Sanchez-Siles LM, Matencio E, Bermúdez JD, Garcia-Llatas G, Lagarda MJ. Sterols in human milk during lactation: bioaccessibility and estimated intakes. Food Funct 2018; 9:6566-6576. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01795f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Total sterol content decreased to the half throughout lactation, being their intake lower at colostrum and its bioaccessibility higher at first month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam J. A. Hamdan
- Nutrition and Food Science Area
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Valencia
- 46100 – Burjassot (Valencia)
- Spain
| | | | - Esther Matencio
- R&D Department
- Institute of Infant Nutrition
- Hero Group
- 30820 – Alcantarilla (Murcia)
- Spain
| | - José D. Bermúdez
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research
- University of Valencia
- 46100 – Burjassot (Valencia)
- Spain
| | - Guadalupe Garcia-Llatas
- Nutrition and Food Science Area
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Valencia
- 46100 – Burjassot (Valencia)
- Spain
| | - María Jesús Lagarda
- Nutrition and Food Science Area
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Valencia
- 46100 – Burjassot (Valencia)
- Spain
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Alvarez-Sala A, Blanco-Morales V, Cilla A, Silvestre RÁ, Hernández-Álvarez E, Granado-Lorencio F, Barberá R, Garcia-Llatas G. A positive impact on the serum lipid profile and cytokines after the consumption of a plant sterol-enriched beverage with a milk fat globule membrane: a clinical study. Food Funct 2018; 9:5209-5219. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00353j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Positive impact on serum lipids and cytokines after functional beverage's intake by postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Alvarez-Sala
- Nutrition and Food Science Area
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Valencia
- Burjassot (Valencia)
- Spain
| | - Virginia Blanco-Morales
- Nutrition and Food Science Area
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Valencia
- Burjassot (Valencia)
- Spain
| | - Antonio Cilla
- Nutrition and Food Science Area
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Valencia
- Burjassot (Valencia)
- Spain
| | - Ramona Ángeles Silvestre
- Clinical Biochemistry. Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Spain
| | - Elena Hernández-Álvarez
- Clinical Biochemistry. Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Spain
| | - Fernando Granado-Lorencio
- Clinical Biochemistry. Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Spain
| | - Reyes Barberá
- Nutrition and Food Science Area
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Valencia
- Burjassot (Valencia)
- Spain
| | - Guadalupe Garcia-Llatas
- Nutrition and Food Science Area
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Valencia
- Burjassot (Valencia)
- Spain
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López-García G, Cilla A, Barberá R, Alegría A. Antiproliferative effect of plant sterols at colonic concentrations on Caco-2 cells. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Cuevas-Tena M, Alegría A, Lagarda MJ. Determination of Fecal Sterols Following a Diet with and without Plant Sterols. Lipids 2017; 52:871-884. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Corrêa RC, Peralta RM, Bracht A, Ferreira IC. The emerging use of mycosterols in food industry along with the current trend of extended use of bioactive phytosterols. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Grasso S, Harrison SM, Monahan FJ, Brayden D, Brunton NP. The effect of plant sterol-enriched turkey meat on cholesterol bio-accessibility during in vitro digestion and Caco-2 cell uptake. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 69:176-182. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1348493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Grasso
- Department of Food Science, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S. M. Harrison
- Department of Food Science, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F. J. Monahan
- Department of Food Science, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D. Brayden
- Veterinary Science Centre, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N. P. Brunton
- Department of Food Science, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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