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Kaeswurm JAH, Sempio R, Manca F, Burandt MR, Buchweitz M. Analyzing Bioaccessibility of Polyphenols in Six Commercial and Six Traditional Apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) during In Vitro and Ex Vivo Oral Digestion. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300055. [PMID: 37726237 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Apples are an important polyphenol (PP) source. To compare the health benefits of traditional and commercial varieties, the phenolic contents and profiles as well as their release from the matrix (bioaccessibility) during oral digestion are determined. Furthermore, based on these data the proposed beneficial effect of PP on the variety specific allergenicity is discussed. METHODS AND RESULTS Phenolics are quantified by HPLC-DAD. Total phenolic contents (TPC) are in the range of 111-645 and 343-1950 mg 100 g-1 dry weight for flesh and peel, respectively. Matrix release during oral digestion is investigated ex vivo, with centrifuged and non-centrifuged human saliva and in vitro with simulated saliva fluid (SSF). The overall bioaccessibility is similar in all digestion media, ranging between 40-80% and 39-65% of the TPC in flesh and peel, respectively. Analyzing the correlation among Mal-d 1-allergen-content, unoxidized PP, and the allergenic potential for the samples reveals a negligible effect of phenolics. CONCLUSION Due to higher phenolic contents in combination with a similar release, increased PP concentrations in the oral phase and an improved uptake of PP from traditional varieties are assumed. However, the proposed beneficial effect of phenolics on allergenicity cannot be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Anna Helene Kaeswurm
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Sempio
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Federica Manca
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Melanie Regina Burandt
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maria Buchweitz
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Millán-Laleona A, Bielsa FJ, Aranda-Cañada E, Gómez-Rincón C, Errea P, López V. Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Anti-Obesity Properties of Apple Pulp Extracts ( Malus domestica Bork): A Comparative Study of 15 Local and Commercial Cultivars from Spain. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:891. [PMID: 37508324 PMCID: PMC10376420 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) have a great agricultural and economic impact worldwide; they also present an interesting nutritional value, and their consumption has been associated with beneficial health effects. In this study, 15 apple varieties (three commercial, 12 autochthonous genotypes) were collected from mountainous areas in Spain and were evaluated for their phenolic content, antioxidant, anti-obesity and antidiabetic activities. Quercetin was tested as the reference substance in bioassays due to its role as one of the most common flavonoids in apples and other vegetables. Total Phenolic Content (TPC) of apple pulp extracts was quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant activity was determined by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO) scavenging assays. Antidiabetic and anti-obesity potential were evaluated by inhibition of alpha-glucosidase (α-GLU), advance glycation end products (AGEs) formation and pancreatic lipase. The results showed in general higher phenol content in autochthonous varieties than in commercial apple pulp extracts. Phenolic-rich extracts showed better antioxidant profiles and significantly inhibited AGEs production and the α-glucosidase enzyme in a dose-dependent manner. None of them showed pancreatic lipase inhibitory effects but in general, the genotype known as "Amarilla de Octubre" was the best in terms of TPC and bioactive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Millán-Laleona
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Bielsa
- Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eduardo Aranda-Cañada
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlota Gómez-Rincón
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Errea
- Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Víctor López
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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3
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Unterhauser J, Ahammer L, Rainer T, Eidelpes R, Führer S, Nothegger B, Covaciu CE, Cova V, Kamenik AS, Liedl KR, Müller T, Breuker K, Eisendle K, Reider N, Letschka T, Tollinger M. Covalent polyphenol modification of a reactive cysteine in the major apple allergen Mal d 1. Food Chem 2023; 410:135374. [PMID: 36608553 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring polyphenols can modify the molecular properties of food allergens. For the major apple allergen Mal d 1 it has been postulated that chemical reactions with polyphenols cause permanent changes in the tertiary structure, causing a loss of conformational IgE epitopes and reducing allergenicity. In our study, we investigated the effect that reactions with oxidized polyphenols have on the structure of Mal d 1 by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. We showed that a surface-exposed cysteine residue in this allergen spontaneously reacts with oxidized polyphenols under formation of a defined covalent adduct. Chemical modification of Mal d 1 did not destabilize or perturb the three-dimensional fold, nor did it interfere with ligand binding to its internal pocket. A structural model of the chemically modified apple allergen is presented, which reveals that the bound polyphenol partially covers a conformational IgE epitope on the protein surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Unterhauser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Linda Ahammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tobias Rainer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Reiner Eidelpes
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sebastian Führer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bettina Nothegger
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudia E Covaciu
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Central Teaching Hospital, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Valentina Cova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Laimburg Research Centre, Ora/Auer, Italy
| | - Anna S Kamenik
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus R Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kathrin Breuker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Eisendle
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Central Teaching Hospital, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Norbert Reider
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Letschka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Laimburg Research Centre, Ora/Auer, Italy.
| | - Martin Tollinger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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4
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Kaeswurm JAH, Straub LV, Siegele A, Brockmeyer J, Buchweitz M. Characterization and Quantification of Mal d 1 Isoallergen Profiles and Contents in Traditional and Commercial Apple Varieties by Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2554-2565. [PMID: 36696630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The apple allergy in Northern Europe is a cross-reaction to the birch pollen allergy. No correlation between the allergenicity of an apple variety and the content of the major apple allergen Mal d 1, a homologue to the Bet v 1 allergen in birch, could be found using ELISA, so far. Therefore, an impact of polyphenols and/or differences in the isoallergen profile are discussed. To allow a more detailed analysis of the Mal d 1 content and the isoallergen profile, a mass spectrometric method was applied to investigate differences in the flesh and peel of 10 traditional varieties and 10 commercial breeds. The data revealed often, but not always, lower Mal d 1 contents in traditional varieties grown in orchard meadows, which was more obvious in the flesh. Differences among the peels were less pronounced. A closer look at the individual isoallergens 1.01, 1.02, 1.03, and 1.06 reveals an increased impact of the minor isoallergens 1.03 and 1.06 on the allergenic potential, since commercial breeds like Braeburn, Santana, and Holstein Cox, which are considered to have reduced allergenic potentials, were characterized by low levels of these isoallergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A H Kaeswurm
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Leonie V Straub
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Siegele
- Obstbauberatung Stuttgart, Liegenschaftsamt, Hospitalstraße 8, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Brockmeyer
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maria Buchweitz
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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5
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Kaeswurm JH, Straub LV, Klußmann A, Brockmeyer J, Buchweitz M. New Mass Spectrometric Approach to Quantify the Major Isoallergens of the Apple Allergen Mal d 1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11813-11822. [PMID: 36074755 PMCID: PMC9504475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Patients who suffer from birch pollinosis often develop adverse reactions to the consumption of fresh apples due to the structural similarity of the allergens Bet v 1 and Mal d 1 from birch and apples, respectively. A different allergenic potential for Mal d 1 isoallergens is postulated, but approaches to quantify the Mal d 1 isoallergen-specific are missing. Therefore, a bottom-up proteomics approach was developed to quantify Mal d 1 by stable isotope dilution and microHPLC-QTOF analyses. Marker peptides for individual isoallergens (Mal d 1.01-Mal d 1.03 and Mal d 1.06), combinations thereof (Mal d 1.01 + 1.02, Mal d 1.02 + 1.06, and Mal d 1.04 + 1.05), and two global marker peptides, comprising Mal d 1.01 + 1.02 + 1.04 + 1.05 and Mal d 1.03 + 1.06 + 1.07 + 1.08 + 1.09, were identified. By the use of an extraction standard (r-Mal d 1_mut), an optimized protocol for extraction and tryptic digestion of apple proteins was developed, and the variety-specific extraction efficiency was monitored for the flesh and peel of apples. The Mal d 1 contents in flesh and peel of five commercial apple breeds and four apple varieties from orchard meadows were quantified isoallergen-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia
A. H. Kaeswurm
- Department of Food Chemistry,
Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Leonie V. Straub
- Department of Food Chemistry,
Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alexandra Klußmann
- Department of Food Chemistry,
Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Brockmeyer
- Department of Food Chemistry,
Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maria Buchweitz
- Department of Food Chemistry,
Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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6
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Ahammer L, Unterhauser J, Eidelpes R, Meisenbichler C, Nothegger B, Covaciu CE, Cova V, Kamenik AS, Liedl KR, Breuker K, Eisendle K, Reider N, Letschka T, Tollinger M. Ascorbylation of a Reactive Cysteine in the Major Apple Allergen Mal d 1. Foods 2022; 11:2953. [PMID: 36230029 PMCID: PMC9562000 DOI: 10.3390/foods11192953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein Mal d 1 is responsible for most allergic reactions to apples (Malus domestica) in the northern hemisphere. Mal d 1 contains a cysteine residue on its surface, with its reactive side chain thiol exposed to the surrounding food matrix. We show that, in vitro, this cysteine residue is prone to spontaneous chemical modification by ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, we characterize the chemical structure of the cysteine adduct and provide a three-dimensional structural model of the modified apple allergen. The S-ascorbylated cysteine partially masks a major IgE antibody binding site on the surface of Mal d 1, which attenuates IgE binding in sera of apple-allergic patients. Our results illustrate, from a structural perspective, the role that chemical modifications of allergens with components of the natural food matrix can play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ahammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jana Unterhauser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Reiner Eidelpes
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christina Meisenbichler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bettina Nothegger
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudia E. Covaciu
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Central Teaching Hospital, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Valentina Cova
- Department of Applied Genomics and Molecular Biology, Laimburg Research Centre, 39040 Auer, Italy
| | - Anna S. Kamenik
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus R. Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kathrin Breuker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Eisendle
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Central Teaching Hospital, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Norbert Reider
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Letschka
- Department of Applied Genomics and Molecular Biology, Laimburg Research Centre, 39040 Auer, Italy
| | - Martin Tollinger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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7
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Strobl MR, Vollmann U, Eckl‐Dorna J, Radakovics A, Ibl V, Schnurer M, Brenner M, Dermendjiev G, Weckwerth W, Neumüller M, Frommlet F, Demir H, Bublin M, Müller C, Bohle B. Identification of apple cultivars hypoallergenic for birch pollen-allergic individuals by a multidisciplinary in vitro and in vivo approach. Clin Transl Allergy 2022; 12:e12186. [PMID: 36036236 PMCID: PMC9412969 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birch pollen-related apple allergy is the most frequent IgE-mediated food allergy in Central-Northern Europe with Mal d 1 as major allergen. Its concentration in apples varies with the cultivar and storage time. Year-round appealing, hypoallergenic cultivars still are needed to satisfy the nutritional needs of affected individuals. We characterized three promising cultivars by multidisciplinary in vitro assays including long-term storage and by clinical challenges of allergic individuals before and after the birch pollen season. METHODS Proteins were extracted from fruits of 'Santana', 'Golden Delicious' (GD), and three genuine cultivars in November 2018 and April 2019. Mal d 1-levels were analysed by mass spectrometry, SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting, competitive ELISA, and basophil activation tests. Twenty-eight allergic individuals underwent single-blinded open food challenges and skin testing with the cultivars and birch pollen in November 2018 and May 2019. Allergen-specific IgE-levels were determined. RESULTS After storage all cultivars except 'Santana' were of appealing appearance and taste. Their Mal d 1 content had increased, also reflected by significantly amplified basophil activation and stronger reactions in clinical challenges. Besides, individuals showed boosted reactivity after pollen exposure indicated by enhanced allergen-specific IgE-levels and skin reactions to birch pollen. Still, all cultivars remained significantly less allergenic than GD and comparable to Santana in November 2018 in all assessments except for skin testing. CONCLUSIONS Combined expertise in pomology and allergology identified promising new cultivars for allergic consumers. The evaluation of hypoallergenic apples should incorporate long-term storage and birch pollen exposure. Basophil activation tests may be suitable in the selection of promising cultivars for oral challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R. Strobl
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of ViennaWienAustria
| | - Ute Vollmann
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of ViennaWienAustria
| | - Julia Eckl‐Dorna
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Astrid Radakovics
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of ViennaWienAustria
| | - Verena Ibl
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary EcologyDivision of Molecular Systems BiologyFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Madeleine Schnurer
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary EcologyDivision of Molecular Systems BiologyFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Martin Brenner
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary EcologyDivision of Molecular Systems BiologyFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Georgi Dermendjiev
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary EcologyDivision of Molecular Systems BiologyFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary EcologyDivision of Molecular Systems BiologyFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Florian Frommlet
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Section for Medical Statistics, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Hilal Demir
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of ViennaWienAustria
| | - Merima Bublin
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of ViennaWienAustria
| | - Christian Müller
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of ViennaWienAustria
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8
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Chebib S, Meng C, Ludwig C, Bergmann KC, Becker S, Dierend W, Schwab W. Identification of allergenomic signatures in allergic and well-tolerated apple genotypes using LC-MS/MS. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2022; 4:100111. [PMID: 35592704 PMCID: PMC9110896 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The apple fruit (Malus domestica L. Borkh) is one of the most popular fruits worldwide. Beyond their beneficial properties, apples contain proteins that trigger allergic reactions in susceptible consumers. Mal d1 to d4 are allergens present in a variety of different isoforms in apples. In this study, we used proteomics to quantify all four Mal d proteins in 52 apple genotypes with varying allergenic potentials. A total of 195, 17, 14, and 18 peptides were found to be related to Mal d1, d2, d3, and d4 proteins, respectively of which 25 different Mal d proteins could be unambiguously identified. The allergenic potential of the Mal d isoforms was characterized by comparing the isoform abundance with the allergenic score of genotypes from oral challenge tests. The detected Mal d peptides presumably have different IgE binding properties and could be used as potential molecular markers to discriminate between hypoallergenic and hyperallergenic cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Chebib
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technical University Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Chen Meng
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Christina Ludwig
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Karl-Christian Bergmann
- Allergy-Centre-Charité, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany
| | - Sylvia Becker
- European Centre Allergy Research Foundation, Robert-Koch-Platz 7, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Dierend
- Faculty of Agricultural Science and Landscape Architecture, Fruit Science, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück, Oldenburger Landstr. 24, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technical University Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Corresponding author.
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9
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Siekierzynska A, Piasecka‐Kwiatkowska D, Myszka A, Burzynska M, Sozanska B, Sozanski T. Apple allergy: Causes and factors influencing fruits allergenic properties-Review. Clin Transl Allergy 2021; 11:e12032. [PMID: 34123364 PMCID: PMC8171779 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apple tree fruits (Malus × domestica Borkh.) are a rich source of nutrients and nutraceuticals and are recommended as a part of the healthy, staple diet. However, apples could be also the cause of allergies including severe reactions. Allergies to fruits like apples are predominantly associated with pollinosis. In North and Central Europe, sensitisation to apples is caused mainly by cross-reactive birch pollen aeroallergen, whereas in the Mediterranean area of Europe, apple allergy is mostly associated with allergies to peach. The allergenicity of apples differ across cultivars but only a few varieties were studied. Some factors changing apples allergenicity were identified, including unmodifiable and potentially modifiable factors for example cultivation method, ripening stage and storage conditions. AIM This review presents current knowledge about the molecular basis of apple allergenicity and factors influencing its level. CONCLUSIONS Selecting cultivars with low potential of allergenicity, removing apple peel and heat treatment could reduce the risk of severe allergy reaction incidence and presumably can be used in birch pollen immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Siekierzynska
- Department of Physiology and Plant BiotechnologyInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, Land Management and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of RzeszowRzeszowPoland
| | | | | | - Marta Burzynska
- Department of Food Biochemistry and AnalysisPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Barbara Sozanska
- 1st Department of Pediatric Allergology and CardiologyWroclaw Medical UniversityWroclawPoland
| | - Tomasz Sozanski
- Department of PharmacologyWroclaw Medical UniversityWroclawPoland
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10
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The Perspective of Croatian Old Apple Cultivars in Extensive Farming for the Production of Functional Foods. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040708. [PMID: 33810442 PMCID: PMC8065821 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Republic of Croatia has a long tradition of fruit growing due to its geographical location, climatic conditions, and high quality of fruit crops, especially apple fruits. Apples can be used for the formulation of functional foods either in processed form (e.g., juice), or as a by-product (e.g., apple pomace). However, there is a growing demand for functional foods derived from ancient and traditional plant sources as they are recognized as a very valuable source of health-promoting bioactive ingredients. Similarly, old apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.) are characterized by good morphological and pomological properties, less need for chemicals during cultivation and the higher share of biologically active compounds (BACs) with better sensory acceptability compared to commercial cultivars. However, their nutritional and biological potential is underestimated, as is their ability to be processed into functional food. The importance in preserving old apple cultivars can also be seen in their significance for improving the nutritional composition of other apple cultivars through innovative cultivation strategies, and therefore old local apple cultivars could be of great importance in future breeding programs.
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Nothegger B, Reider N, Covaciu CE, Cova V, Ahammer L, Eidelpes R, Unterhauser J, Platzgummer S, Raffeiner E, Tollinger M, Letschka T, Eisendle K. Oral birch pollen immunotherapy with apples: Results of a phase II clinical pilot study. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 9:503-511. [PMID: 33621436 PMCID: PMC8127540 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seventy percent of patients suffering from birch pollen allergy (BPA) develop a pollen-related food allergy (prFA), especially to apples, due to a clinically relevant cross-reactivity between the major allergen in birch Bet v 1 and Mal d 1 in apples. Therefore allergen-specific immunotherapy with fresh apples (AITA) could be a promising natural treatment of both BPA and prFA. OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy by daily apple consumption for patients with BPA and prFA. METHODS A daily defined increasing amount of selected cultivars (Red Moon®, Pink Lady®, Topaz, Golden Delicious) was continuously consumed by 16 patients (12 female; median age; 50; range, 23-68 years), leading to increased intake of allergen over a period of at least 8 months. Specific IgE and IgG4 to Bet v 1 and Mal d 1, conjunctival and oral provocation tests, skin reactivity, and the average daily rhinoconjunctivitis combined symptom and medication score (CSMS) were measured during the peak birch pollen season. RESULTS After 8 months of therapy, patients showed increased tolerance to apples (p < .001) and a decreased skin reactivity to apples. Oral allergy syndrome to other birch prFA than apple also decreased (p < .05). Moreover, daily rhinoconjunctivitis CSMS declined by 34% (p < .001), as did conjunctival reactivity to birch pollen extract by 27% (p < .01), while specific IgG4 to Mal d 1 and Bet v 1 increased (p < .01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Nothegger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Norbert Reider
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudia E Covaciu
- Department of Dermatology Venereology and Allergology, Central Teaching Hospital, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Valentina Cova
- Department of Applied Genomics and Molecular Biology, Laimburg Research Centre, Ora, Italy
| | - Linda Ahammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Reiner Eidelpes
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jana Unterhauser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Platzgummer
- Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratory, Tappeiner Hospital, Meran, Italy
| | - Elisabeth Raffeiner
- Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratory, Tappeiner Hospital, Meran, Italy
| | - Martin Tollinger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Letschka
- Department of Applied Genomics and Molecular Biology, Laimburg Research Centre, Ora, Italy
| | - Klaus Eisendle
- Department of Dermatology Venereology and Allergology, Central Teaching Hospital, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
- IMREST Interdisciplinary Medical Research Center South Tyrol, Claudiana College of Health-Care Professions, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
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Simonato B, Marangon M, Vincenzi S, Vegro M, Pasini G. Evaluation of the phenolic profile and immunoreactivity of Mal d 3 allergen in ancient apple cultivars from Italy. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:4978-4986. [PMID: 32500544 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the second half of the 20th century, the cultivation of ancient and local apple cultivars has almost disappeared from orchards in Italy. Some of these ancient apple cultivars often possess high nutraceutical values and display lower allergenicity than the modern ones, supporting the so-called 'green revolution' theory. RESULTS In this study, the phenolic composition and the antioxidant activity of five ancient apple cultivars ('Belfiore', 'Pomella Genovese', 'Gravenstein', 'Bella del Bosco', and 'Piatlin') were compared with a 'Golden Delicious' commercial cultivar. Additionally, apples were tested for their potential allergenicity by detecting the presence of Mal d 3, a non-specific lipid transfer protein that represents the main apples' allergen. All apples came from northern Italy (Trentino Region) and were organically produced. Results showed that, for all cultivars, the skins contained more polyphenols than the pulps. 'Bella del Bosco' had the highest amount of polyphenols and antioxidant activity, whereas 'Piatlin' had the lowest phenolic content. All ancient cultivars presented a higher amount of pulp phenolic compounds than 'Golden Delicious'. Immunoblotting techniques showed that 'Bella del Bosco' and 'Piatlin' had very low quantities of Mal d 3 allergen; hence, they can be considered hypoallergenic cultivars. CONCLUSIONS The preservation of ancient apple cultivars would be of great importance, not only to maintain the biodiversity but also for their nutritional properties. The hypoallergenic activity of some of these cultivars could be of interest also for the preparation of different apple-based products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Simonato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Marangon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Simone Vincenzi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), Conegliano, Italy
| | - Mara Vegro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pasini
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Polyphenols of Traditional Apple Varieties in Interaction with Barley β-Glucan: A Study of the Adsorption Process. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091278. [PMID: 32933005 PMCID: PMC7556014 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Apple polyphenols have been studied for various beneficial bioactivities. Especially interesting are traditional, old varieties of apples for which some initial studies have suggested significant bioactivities, but they are still not completely understood. Polyphenol bioactivities can be affected by interactions with dietary fibers such as β-glucans. The aim of this study was to investigate for the first time interactions between individual polyphenols from traditional, old apple varieties (“Božićnica” and “Batulenka”) and β-glucans by studying the adsorption process. Polyphenols were extracted from the peel and flesh of traditional apples by using an ultrasonic bath and characterized with high-performance liquid chromatography. The amounts of adsorbed (qe) and un-adsorbed (ce) polyphenols were modeled with adsorption isotherms (Langmuir, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Hill) by using improved non-linear fitting in a novel R algorithm, developed specifically for the modeling of adsorption isotherms. Polyphenols adsorbed onto β-glucan from 9 to 203 (peel, “Božićnica”), 1 to 484 (peel, “Batulenka”), 5 to 160 (flesh, “Božićnica”), and 19 to 28 mg g−1 (flesh, “Batulenka”). The adsorption was concentration dependent (polyphenols present in higher amount adsorbed in higher amounts). Physical sorption can be suggested. Polyphenols from traditional apples adsorb onto β-glucan and should be further studied.
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Tiered approach for the identification of Mal d 1 reduced, well tolerated apple genotypes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9144. [PMID: 32499528 PMCID: PMC7272412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A rising proportion of the world population suffers from food-related allergies, including incompatibilities to apples. Although several allergenic proteins have been found in apples, the most important proteins that cause allergic reactions to apples in Central-Northern Europe, and North America are the Mal d 1 proteins, which are homologues of the birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. As the demand for hypoallergenic fruits is constantly increasing, we selected apple genotypes with a low total content of Mal d 1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis from segregating populations and tested the tolerability of these fruits through a human provocation study. This tiered approach, which exploited the natural diversity of apples, led to the identification of fruits, which were tolerated by allergic patients. In addition, we found a significant correlation (coefficient >0.76) between the total Mal d 1 content and flavan-3-ol amount and show that the isoform composition of the Mal d 1 proteins, which was determined by LC-MS/MS has a decisive effect on the tolerability of apple genotypes. The approach presented can be applied to other types of fruit and to other allergenic proteins. Therefore, the strategy can be used to reduce the allergen content of other plant foods, thereby improving food safety for allergy subjects.
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Nothegger B, Reider N, Covaciu CE, Cova V, Ahammer L, Eidelpes R, Unterhauser J, Platzgummer S, Tollinger M, Letschka T, Eisendle K. Allergen-specific immunotherapy with apples: selected cultivars could be a promising tool for birch pollen allergy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:1286-1292. [PMID: 31953891 PMCID: PMC7318684 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Most birch pollen‐allergic patients develop allergic cross‐reactions to the major allergen found in apples Mal d1, known as pollen‐related food allergy (prFA). This is due to a strong clinically relevant homology between the major allergen in birch Bet v 1 and Mal d 1. Daily apple consumption induces oral tolerance in prFA, but its effect on the inhalational allergy has not been investigated. Objectives As continuous apple consumption might also mitigate the inhalational allergy, this study aimed to uncover apple cultivars suitable for treatment of birch pollen rhinoconjunctivitis and apple allergy in a controlled and established dosage. Methods Patients (n = 52) with birch pollen allergy and prFA to apples were subjected to a prick‐to‐prick test (SPT) with 23 cultivars (red‐fleshed, old traditional and new commercial). By SPT, the apple parts flesh, peel equatorial and peel apical near the stalk were compared for their reactivity. One apple cultivar of each allergenicity class (low, middle and high) was subsequently tested in an oral provocation test (OPT). Results According to the SPTs, we provide a ranking of all 23 cultivars. Red‐fleshed apples displayed the lowest reactivity, followed by old and new cultivars. Four cultivars showed disagreement from their allergenicity class: Santana and Pink Lady®, new cultivars that provoked only low to moderate. In contrast, White Rosemary and Goldparmäne, two old cultivars, induced strong reactions. Skin reactivity increased from flesh to peel to stalk, and SPT results could predict the severity of prFA of each allergenicity class. Conclusions Herein, we propose a treatment protocol for allergen immunotherapy to birch pollen and prFA with daily apple consumption. Red‐fleshed, old and the new cultivars Santana and Pink Lady® provoke less allergic reactions and are suitable for initial induction. After a controlled and well‐tolerated increase of intake, also moderate and finally high allergenic apple cultivars should be integrated into treatment of birch pollen allergenic patients. Linked Commentary: K.‐C. Bergmann. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34: 1130–1130. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16556.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Nothegger
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - N Reider
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C E Covaciu
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Central Teaching Hospital, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - V Cova
- Department of Applied Genomics and Molecular Biology, Laimburg Research Centre, Ora, Italy
| | - L Ahammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Eidelpes
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Unterhauser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Platzgummer
- Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratory, Tappeiner Hospital, Meran, Italy
| | - M Tollinger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T Letschka
- Department of Applied Genomics and Molecular Biology, Laimburg Research Centre, Ora, Italy
| | - K Eisendle
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Central Teaching Hospital, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy.,IMREST Interdisciplinary Medical Research Center South Tyrol, Claudiana College of Health-Care Professions, Bolzano, Bozen, Italy
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Jakobek L, Ištuk J, Buljeta I, Voća S, Žlabur JŠ, Babojelić MS. Traditional, Indigenous Apple Varieties, a Fruit with Potential for Beneficial Effects: Their Quality Traits and Bioactive Polyphenol Contents. Foods 2020; 9:foods9010052. [PMID: 31948050 PMCID: PMC7022233 DOI: 10.3390/foods9010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies suggested that traditional apple varieties have quality traits well accepted by consumers and beneficial effects on human health. The aim was to collect 25 traditional apple varieties grown in Croatia and to determine, for the first time in so many details, their external (weight, height, width, shape, color), internal quality traits (firmness, starch decomposition index, maturity index, soluble solid concentration, total acids, soluble solid/total acids ratio, pH), and seed characteristics. In addition, individual polyphenols were determined in the flesh and peel, by using RP-HPLC. All was compared to the commercial variety ‘Idared’. Quality parameters of these varieties were similar to those of the commercial variety. The flesh and peel contained flavan-3-ols, dihydrochalcones, phenolic acids, and flavonols, while anthocyanins were additionally found in the peel. Total polyphenols in the peel (536–3801 mg kg−1 fresh weight (FW)) and in the flesh (79–1294 mg kg−1 FW) of the majority of varieties were higher than in the commercial variety. Principal component analysis showed possible clustering according to polyphenol amounts. According to the observed diversity of quality traits and bioactive polyphenol contents, the traditional varieties have potential for consumer acceptance and increased cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Jakobek
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Ecology, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia (I.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-31-224-325; Fax: +385-31-207-115
| | - Jozo Ištuk
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Ecology, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia (I.B.)
| | - Ivana Buljeta
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Ecology, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia (I.B.)
| | - Sandra Voća
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.V.); (J.Š.Ž.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Jana Šic Žlabur
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.V.); (J.Š.Ž.); (M.S.B.)
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Wu J, Deng W, Lin D, Deng X, Ma Z. Immunoblotting Quantification Approach for Identifying Potential Hypoallergenic Citrus Cultivars. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1964-1973. [PMID: 29420890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The inherent allergens of citrus fruits, such as Cit s 1, Cit s 2, Cit s 3 can cause allergic reactions. A better understanding of the genetic factors (cultivar to cultivar) affecting the allergenic potential of citrus fruits would be beneficial for further identification of hypoallergenic genotypes. In the present study, an immunoblotting quantification approach was adopted to assess the potential allergenicity of 21 citrus cultivars, including nine subgroups (tangerine, satsuma, orange, pummelo, grapefruit, lemon, kumquat, tangor, and tangelo). To prepare highly sensitive and specific rabbit polyclonal antibodies, antigenicity of purified rCit s 1.01, rCit s 2.01, and rCit s 3.01 peptides were enhanced with high epitope density in a single protein molecule. The data integration of three citrus allergen quantifications demonstrated that the four pummelo cultivars (Kao Phuang Pummelo, Wanbai Pummelo, Shatian Pummelo, and Guanxi Pummelo) were potential hypoallergenic, compared with other 8 subgroups. Moreover, the immunological analyses with sera of allergic subjects revealed that Shatian Pummelo and Guanxi Pummelo showed the lowest immunoreactivity in 8 representative citrus cultivars. These potential hypoallergenic genotypes are of great significance to not only allergic consumers but also citrus breeders in the genetic improvement of hypoallergenic citrus as breeding resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenjun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dingbo Lin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University , 419 Human Sciences, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhaocheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
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Wagner A, Zielińska-Bliźniewska H, Wagner W. The Incidence of Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Reactions to Apples Among Patients Allergic to Birch Pollen. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018; 10:420-424. [PMID: 29949838 PMCID: PMC6021583 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2018.10.4.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The major apple allergen Mal d 1 cross-reacts with the homologous birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 and causes immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions. In some patients, delayed-type hypersensitivity to apples may develop within 72 hours without evidence of specific IgE or a positive skin prick test (SPT). The aim of the study was to evaluate the concomitance of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and immediate IgE-mediated reactions against high- and low-allergenic apple cultivars in patients with birch pollen allergy. Data were obtained from 45 adults with clinical symptoms of birch pollen allergy. Patients were exposed to apple pulp via atopy patch tests (APTs) and SPTs. Levels of IgE specific to Bet v 1 and Mal d 1 were measured with a radioallergosorbent test. Patients allergic to birch pollen showed the highest rate of positive SPT responses to Golden Delicious apples and the lowest rate to low-allergenic cultivar Grey French Reinette. Among these patients, 9% developed delayed hypersensitivity reactions to either Golden Delicious or Grey French Reinette apples; these reactions manifested clinically as erythema with papules (class ++). Fifty percent of APT-positive patients were concomitantly SPT-negative. Here, we show for the first time the clinical relevance of T cell-driven allergic reactions to apples. APTs may reveal type IV sensitization in patients who are negative for the corresponding type I sensitization tests. Thus, utilization of the APT procedure with fresh apple appears to be a valuable tool for the diagnosis of apple allergy and may improve the accuracy of food allergy diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Wagner
- Department of Allergology and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Waldemar Wagner
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.
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Paris R, Pagliarani G, Savazzini F, Aloisi I, Iorio RA, Tartarini S, Ricci G, Del Duca S. Comparative analysis of allergen genes and pro-inflammatory factors in pollen and fruit of apple varieties. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 264:57-68. [PMID: 28969803 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Allergy to freshly consumed apple fruits is often associated to pollinosis and manifested as oral allergy syndrome (OAS). The allergenic properties of apple varieties differ greatly, spanning from low allergenic to high allergenic varieties. The knowledge of the genetic determinants for allergenicity has been of great interest in scientific community for several years, but the molecular mechanisms involved are still little understood. Here, factors putatively involved in allergenicity were investigated at biochemical and molecular level in pollen and in fruits of apple varieties differing in their allergenic potential. Among putative sensitizing factors, transglutaminase (TGase) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) were considered together with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and known apple allergen genes, with particular attention devoted to the Mal d 1 gene family, the most important one in sensitization. We found that the expression of some allergen genes and the activities of TGase, PLA2 and ROS producing enzyme are lower in the hypo-allergenic variety 'Durello di Forlì' in comparison with the high-allergenic genotypes 'Gala' and 'Florina'. These results highlight correlations among allergen expressions, enzymatic activities and apple cultivars; these data underline the possibility that some of them could be used in the future as markers for allergenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Paris
- CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Via di Corticella, 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Pagliarani
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Savazzini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Iris Aloisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rosa Anna Iorio
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Tartarini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Ricci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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