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Pan X, Cao F, Guo X, Wang Y, Cui Z, Huang T, Hou Y, Guan X. Development of a Safe and Effective Bacillus thuringiensis-Based Nanobiopesticide for Controlling Tea Pests. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:7807-7817. [PMID: 38514390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Mg(OH)2 was used as the nanocarrier of the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ac protein, and the synthesized Cry1Ac-Mg(OH)2 composites were regular and uniform nanosheets. Nano-Mg(OH)2 could effectively improve the insecticidal effect of the Cry1Ac protein toward Ectropis obliqua. It could enhance the damage degree of the Cry1Ac protein to intestinal epithelial cells and microvilli, induce and enrich the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the midgut, and enhance the degradation of the Cry1Ac protein into active fragments. Furthermore, an anti-rinsing assay showed that the Cry1Ac-Mg(OH)2 composites were bound to the notch structure of the tea leaf surface. The retention of the Cry1Ac protein increased by 11.45%, and sprayed nano-Mg(OH)2 was rapidly absorbed by different tissues of tea plants. Moreover, nano-Mg(OH)2 and composites did not significantly affect non-target organisms. These results show that nano-Mg(OH)2 can serve as a safe and effective biopesticide carrier, which provides a new approach for stable and efficient Bt preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education & Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education & Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education & Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education & Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education & Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianpei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education & Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Youming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education & Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education & Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
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Jammor P, Sanguanphun T, Meemon K, Promdonkoy B, Boonserm P. Biosynthesis of Cry5B-Loaded Sulfur Nanoparticles using Arthrobotrys oligospora Filtrate: Effects on Nematicidal Activity, Thermal Stability, and Pathogenicity against Caenorhabditis elegans. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6945-6954. [PMID: 38371837 PMCID: PMC10870406 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Cry5B, a crystal protein produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), is a bionematicide with potent nematicidal activity against various plant-parasitic and free-living nematodes. This protein, however, is susceptible to destruction by ultraviolet light, proteolytic enzymes, and high temperatures. This study aims to produce Cry5B protein for bionematicidal use and improve its stability and nematicidal efficacy by loading it intoArthrobotrys oligospora-mediated sulfur nanoparticles (AO-SNPs). Based on the mortality assay, the Cry5B protein exhibited dose-dependent nematicidal activity against the model organismCaenorhabditis elegans. The nematicidal activity, thermal stability, and pathogenic effects of Cry5B-loaded AO-SNPs (Cry5B-SNPs) were compared to those of free Cry5B. After 3 h of exposure to heat at 60 °C, Cry5B-SNPs had greater nematicidal activity than free Cry5B protein, indicating the effective formulation of Cry5B-SNPs that could be used as an alternative to current nematicide delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasin Jammor
- Institute
of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Tanatcha Sanguanphun
- Department
of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol
University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Krai Meemon
- Department
of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol
University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Boonhiang Promdonkoy
- National
Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Phahonyothin Road, Khlong
Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Panadda Boonserm
- Institute
of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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Idris AL, Li W, Huang F, Lin F, Guan X, Huang T. Impacts of UV radiation on Bacillus biocontrol agents and their resistance mechanisms. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:58. [PMID: 38165488 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03856-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Bacillus biocontrol agent(s) BCA(s) such as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus subtilis have been widely applied to control insects' pests of plants and pathogenic microbes, improve plant growth, and facilitate their resistance to environmental stresses. In the last decade, researchers have shown that, the application of Bacillus biocontrol agent(s) BCA(s) optimized agricultural production yield, and reduced disease risks in some crops. However, these bacteria encountered various abiotic stresses, among which ultraviolet (UV) radiation severely decrease their efficiency. Researchers have identified several strategies by which Bacillus biocontrol agents resist the negative effects of UV radiation, including transcriptional response, UV mutagenesis, biochemical and artificial means (addition of protective agents). These strategies are governed by distinct pathways, triggered by UV radiation. Herein, the impact of UV radiation on Bacillus biocontrol agent(s) BCA(s) and their mechanisms of resistance were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Lawan Idris
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wenting Li
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Fugui Huang
- Fujian Polytechnic of Information Technology, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Fuyong Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Tianpei Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Jalali E, Bel Y, Maghsoudi S, Noroozian E, Escriche B. Enhancing insecticidal efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab through pH-sensitive encapsulation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6407-6419. [PMID: 37632523 PMCID: PMC10560195 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12723-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a promising way to enhance the stability of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal proteins under environmental conditions. In this work, two emulsions were prepared through the Pickering emulsion technique, stabilized by Cu2+-SQDs/S-CN nanocomposites and by GO nanosheets. In addition, a pH-sensitive polymer was incorporated into these emulsions, allowing the Bt protein, Cry1Ab, to be released in an alkaline pH environment, as it occurs in the lepidopteran pests' gut. The effectiveness of these two nanomaterials in protecting Cry1Ab from degradation, and therefore enhancing its pesticidal activity, was assessed by exposing samples of the purified unprotected protein and encapsulated protein to high-intensity UV light and 40°C temperature treatments. The UV treatment results were evaluated using SDS-PAGE analysis and pointed out that Cry1Ab could be structurally protected by the emulsions. The bioassays with first instar larvae of the lepidopteran pest Ostrinia nubilalis confirm the nanomaterial protection to UV and temperature treatments, i.e., decreasing about half the degradation rate and increasing up to 12-fold the residual activity after UV treatment. Our results indicate that encapsulation could be an effective strategy to improve the effectiveness of Cry1Ab under environmental conditions. KEY POINTS: • Pickering emulsions are effective for solubilized Cry1Ab encapsulation. • Structural and toxicity Cry1Ab properties are enhanced by pH-sensitive encapsulation. • Cu2+-SQDs/S-CN and GO nanomaterials improve the efficacy of Bt insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Jalali
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, 76169-14111 Iran
- Instituto BioTecMed, Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia Spain
| | - Yolanda Bel
- Instituto BioTecMed, Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia Spain
| | - Shahab Maghsoudi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, 76169-14111 Iran
| | - Ebrahim Noroozian
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, 76169-14111 Iran
| | - Baltasar Escriche
- Instituto BioTecMed, Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia Spain
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Du X, Zhang Y, Wu H, Tan W, Huang E, Guan X, Zhang L. ROS-mediated TCA cycle is greatly related to the UV resistance of Bacillus thuringiensis. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:105429. [PMID: 37248007 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a popular and environment-friendly biopesticide. However, similar to other microbial pesticides, Bt is limited by ultraviolet (UV) radiation during its application, which greatly reduces its toxicity and persistence. To further know the mechanism of Bt against UV radiation, metabolomic profiles between Bt LLP29 and its UV-resistant mutant LLP29-M19 were compared, analyzed, and annotated in this study, and then a total of 61 metabolites with different abundances were detected. With P < 0.05 as the standard, a total of 12 metabolic pathways were enriched, including the TCA cycle. According to the result of RT-qPCR, the expression levels of the TCA cycle key genes in Bt LL29-M19, such as icd1 citZ, citB, sdhA, sdhB, sdhC, fumA, and mdh, were found down-regulated for 85.58%, 37.02%, 70.87%, 85.97%, 76.33%, 83.15%, 87.28%, and 35.77% than those in Bt LLP29. It was consistent with the down-regulation trend of the TCA cycle key enzymes activity in Bt LLP29-M19. Consistently, the enzyme activities of ICDH, SDH, and PDH in LLP29-M19 were detected 86.28%, 43.93%, and 83.03% lower than those in Bt LLP29. It was revealed that the reduced TCA cycle was required for Bt UV radiation resistance, which was also demonstrated by the addition of inhibitors furfural and malonic acid, respectively. Based on the result of RT-qPCR, the gene transcription levels of the main reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation pathways were down-regulated, such as EMP, however, the activity of the main degrading enzymes was up-regulated, which showed the reduction of ROS generation rate was a way for the TCA cycle to regulate the anti-ultraviolet resistance of Bt. All of these provide solid evidence for reprogramming metabolomics to strengthen Bt UV radiation resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian, Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education & Ministerial, Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Plant Protection and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yile Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian, Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education & Ministerial, Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Plant Protection and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Haonan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian, Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education & Ministerial, Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Plant Protection and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weilong Tan
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Eastern Command, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Enjiong Huang
- Fuzhou International Travel HealthCare Center, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Xiong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian, Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education & Ministerial, Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Plant Protection and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Lingling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian, Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education & Ministerial, Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Plant Protection and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Liu J, Liang YS, Hu T, Zeng H, Gao R, Wang L, Xiao YH. Environmental fate of Bt proteins in soil: Transport, adsorption/desorption and degradation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 226:112805. [PMID: 34592526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
During the production and application of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic crops, large doses of insecticidal Bt toxic proteins are expressed continuously. The multi-interfacial behaviors of Bt proteins entering the environment in multi-media affects their states of existence transformation, transport and fate as well as biological and ecological impacts. Because both soil matrix and organisms will be exposed to Bt proteins to a certain extent, knowledge of the multi-interfacial behaviors and affecting factors of Bt proteins are vital not only for understanding the source-sink distribution mechanisms, predicting their bio-availability, but also for exploring the soil safety and environmental problems caused by the interaction between Bt proteins and soil matrix. This review summarized and analyzed various internal and external factors that affect the adsorption/ desorption and degradation of Bt proteins in the environment, so as to understand the multi-interfacial behaviors of Bt proteins. In addition, the reasons of concentration changes of Bt proteins in soil are discussed. This review will also discuss the existing knowledge of the combined effects of Bt proteins and other pollutants in environment. Finally, discussing the factors that should be considered when assessing the environmental risk of Bt proteins, thus to further improve the understanding of the environmental fate of Bt proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Yun-Shan Liang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha 410128, PR China; College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University and Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha 410128, PR China.
| | - Teng Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Hong Zeng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Rong Gao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha 410128, PR China; College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University and Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Yun-Hua Xiao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University and Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha 410128, PR China
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Zhang Y, Zhang A, Li M, He K, Guo S. Nanoparticle-loaded microcapsules providing effective UV protection for Cry1Ac. J Microencapsul 2021; 38:522-532. [PMID: 34615422 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2021.1990424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To prepare several novel microcapsules using chitosan (Cs) and Alginate (Alg) as coating materials, and nano-ZnO, nano-SiO2, nano-TiO2 as UV protective agents for improving UV resistance of Cry1Ac. METHODS Microcapsules were prepared by the layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technique and electrostatic adsorption. The morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the stability under UV radiation was studied by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and bioassay. RESULTS SEM showed that nano-ZnO and nano-TiO2 could be adsorbed on the negatively charged MC with the outermost layer being Alg, while nano-SiO2 could be adsorbed on the positively charged MC with Cs as the outermost layer. SDS-PAGE and bioassay showed that nano-ZnO and nano-SiO2 could provide effective UV protection after 8 h UV irradiation (p > 0.05), and nano-TiO2 could provide effective UV protection after 4 h UV irradiation (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The microcapsules loaded with nanoparticles provided excellent UV resistance for Cry1Ac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjing Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Aijing Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Kanglai He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyuan Guo
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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Pan X, Huang T, Fang Y, Rao W, Guo X, Nie D, Zhang D, Cao F, Guan X, Chen Z. Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis biomass and insecticidal activity by cultivation with vegetable wastes. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:201564. [PMID: 33959326 PMCID: PMC8074981 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been regarded as a biopesticide with high efficiency and safety, while it still cannot be popularized and mass-produced because of its high production costs. In the present study, we aimed to develop a cost-effective biopesticide via the secondary use of discharged vegetable wastes as the raw fermentation medium, and the insecticidal activity of Bt strain prepared by this cheap cultivation approach was evaluated. The suitable carbon source, nitrogen source additives and optimal metal ions were screened by the single-factor test, and the optimal combination of additives was determined by orthogonal test and ANOVA analysis. We found that soluble starch (6 g l-1), soya bean meal (6 g l-1), Al3+ (0.4 g l-1) and Fe2+ (0.4 g l-1) were the optimal exogenous additives, and the optimal fermentation conditions were as follows: pH 7.0, temperature of 35°C and aeration of 80 ml/250 ml. Meanwhile, the bioactivity test results showed that the Bt strain prepared by cheap cultivation still exhibited a good insecticidal effect on Helicoverpa armigera compared with the standard LB medium. Collectively, our findings provided a new strategy for vegetable waste utilization with less environmental impact and reduced production cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengzhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyue Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
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Vílchez S. Making 3D-Cry Toxin Mutants: Much More Than a Tool of Understanding Toxins Mechanism of Action. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12090600. [PMID: 32948025 PMCID: PMC7551160 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12090600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
3D-Cry toxins, produced by the entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, have been extensively mutated in order to elucidate their elegant and complex mechanism of action necessary to kill susceptible insects. Together with the study of the resistant insects, 3D-Cry toxin mutants represent one of the pillars to understanding how these toxins exert their activity on their host. The principle is simple, if an amino acid is involved and essential in the mechanism of action, when substituted, the activity of the toxin will be diminished. However, some of the constructed 3D-Cry toxin mutants have shown an enhanced activity against their target insects compared to the parental toxins, suggesting that it is possible to produce novel versions of the natural toxins with an improved performance in the laboratory. In this report, all mutants with an enhanced activity obtained by accident in mutagenesis studies, together with all the variants obtained by rational design or by directed mutagenesis, were compiled. A description of the improved mutants was made considering their historical context and the parallel development of the protein engineering techniques that have been used to obtain them. This report demonstrates that artificial 3D-Cry toxins made in laboratories are a real alternative to natural toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Vílchez
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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10
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Shahzad K, Manzoor F. Nanoformulations and their mode of action in insects: a review of biological interactions. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:1-11. [PMID: 30760084 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1525393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While nanoparticles (NPs) can be used as insecticides by themselves, they can also be carriers for insecticidal chemicals. Existing literature suggests that the smaller the NP size, the greater the toxicity and penetration into the insect's body. Nonetheless, there is a lack of literature pertaining to the mode of action within insects. This review article summarizes the currently available entomological studies on the mechanisms of NP-insect interactions. Externally, NPs affect pigmentation and integrity of the cuticle, while internally they induce immune responses and alter gene expression leading to altered protein, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism along with cellular toxicity that impairs development and reproduction of the insect. Consequently, insects are incapacitated due to the disruption of the nutrient intake, production of reactive oxygen species and altered biochemical activity while some NPs can promote growth and development as well as diminish the effects of nontarget toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Shahzad
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farkhanda Manzoor
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Kumar S, Nehra M, Dilbaghi N, Marrazza G, Hassan AA, Kim KH. Nano-based smart pesticide formulations: Emerging opportunities for agriculture. J Control Release 2019; 294:131-153. [PMID: 30552953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of nanotechnology as a means for nanopesticides is in the early stage of development. The main idea behind this incorporation is to lower the indiscriminate use of conventional pesticides to be in line with safe environmental applications. Nanoencapsulated pesticides can provide controlled release kinetics, while efficiently enhancing permeability, stability, and solubility. Nanoencapsulation can enhance the pest-control efficiency over extended durations by preventing the premature degradation of active ingredients (AIs) under harsh environmental conditions. This review is thus organized to critically assess the significant role of nanotechnology for encapsulation of AIs for pesticides. The smart delivery of pesticides is essential to reduce the dosage of AIs with enhanced efficacy and to overcome pesticide loss (e.g., due to leaching and evaporation). The future trends of pesticide nanoformulations including nanomaterials as AIs and nanoemulsions of biopesticides are also explored. This review should thus offer a valuable guide for establishing regulatory frameworks related to field applications of these nano-based pesticides in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska Lincoln, P.O. Box 886105, Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, United States.
| | - Monika Nehra
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India; Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Neeraj Dilbaghi
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Giovanna Marrazza
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Unit of Florence, Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136, Roma, Italy
| | - Ashraf Aly Hassan
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska Lincoln, P.O. Box 886105, Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, United States
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Rao W, Zhan Y, Chen S, Xu Z, Huang T, Hong X, Zheng Y, Pan X, Guan X. Flowerlike Mg(OH) 2 Cross-Nanosheets for Controlling Cry1Ac Protein Loss: Evaluation of Insecticidal Activity and Biosecurity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:3651-3657. [PMID: 29584428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) can produce Cry proteins during the sporulation phase, and Cry protein is effective against lepidopteran, coleopteran, and dipteran insects and nematodes. However, Cry protein tends to be discharged into soil and nontarget plants through rainwater runoff, leading to reduced effective period toward target insects. In the present study, nano-Mg(OH)2 (magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles, MHNPs) were synthesized to control the loss of Cry1Ac protein and deliver protein to Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The results showed that Cry1Ac protein could be loaded onto MHNPs through electrostatic adsorption, and both MHNPs and Cry protein were stable during the adsorption process. Meanwhile, the Cry1Ac-loaded MHNPs could remain on the surface of cotton leaves, resulting in enhanced adhesion of Cry1Ac protein by 59.50% and increased pest mortality by 75.00%. Additionally, MHNPs could be slowly decomposed by acid medium and MHNPs showed no obvious influence on cotton, Bt, Escherichia coli, and H. armigera. Therefore, MHNPs could serve as an efficient nanocarrier for delivery of Cry1Ac protein and be used as a potential adjuvant for biopesticide in agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection & Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yating Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection & Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , People's Republic of China
| | - Saili Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection & Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection & Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tengzhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection & Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xianxian Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection & Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection & Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection & Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection & Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , People's Republic of China
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Pan X, Xu Z, Zheng Y, Huang T, Li L, Chen Z, Rao W, Chen S, Hong X, Guan X. The adsorption features between insecticidal crystal protein and nano-Mg(OH) 2. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:170883. [PMID: 29308231 PMCID: PMC5749998 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nano-Mg(OH)2, with low biological toxicity, is an ideal nano-carrier for insecticidal protein to improve the bioactivity. In this work, the adsorption features of insecticidal protein by nano-Mg(OH)2 have been studied. The adsorption capacity could reach as high as 136 mg g-1, and the adsorption isotherm had been fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich models. Moreover, the adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-first or -second order rate model, and the adsorption was spontaneous and an exothermic process. However, high temperatures are not suitable for adsorption, which implies that the temperature would be a critical factor during the adsorption process. In addition, FT-IR confirmed that the protein was adsorbed on the nano-Mg(OH)2, zeta potential analysis suggested that insecticidal protein was loaded onto the nano-Mg(OH)2 not by electrostatic adsorption but maybe by intermolecular forces, and circular dichroism spectroscopy of Cry11Aa protein before and after loading with nano-Mg(OH)2 was changed. The study applied the adsorption information between Cry11Aa and nano-Mg(OH)2, which would be useful in the practical application of nano-Mg(OH)2 as a nano-carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengzhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Saili Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianxian Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
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