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Cui L, Sun H, Shang X, Wen J, Li P, Yang S, Chen L, Huang X, Li H, Yin R, Zhao J. Purification and Structural Analyses of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Low-Value Sea Cucumber Stichopus naso and Anticoagulant Activities of Its Oligosaccharides. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:265. [PMID: 38921576 PMCID: PMC11204762 DOI: 10.3390/md22060265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Three polysaccharides (SnNG, SnFS and SnFG) were purified from the body wall of Stichopus naso. The physicochemical properties, including monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, sulfate content, and optical rotation, were analyzed, confirming that SnFS and SnFG are sulfated polysaccharides commonly found in sea cucumbers. The highly regular structure {3)-L-Fuc2S-(α1,}n of SnFS was determined via a detailed NMR analysis of its oxidative degradation product. By employing β-elimination depolymerization of SnFG, tri-, penta-, octa-, hendeca-, tetradeca-, and heptadeca-saccharides were obtained from the low-molecular-weight product. Their well-defined structures confirmed that SnFG possessed the backbone of {D-GalNAc4S6S-β(1,4)-D-GlcA}, and each GlcA residue was branched with Fuc2S4S. SnFS and SnFG are both structurally the simplest version of natural fucan sulfate and fucosylated glycosaminoglycan, facilitating the application of low-value sea cucumbers S. naso. Bioactivity assays showed that SnFG and its derived oligosaccharides exhibited potent anticoagulation and intrinsic factor Xase (iXase) inhibition. Moreover, a comparative analysis with the series of oligosaccharides solely branched with Fuc3S4S showed that in oligosaccharides with lower degrees of polymerization, such as octasaccharides, Fuc2S4S led to a greater increase in APTT prolongation and iXase inhibition. As the degree of polymerization increases, the influence from the sulfation pattern diminishes, until it is overshadowed by the effects of molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lige Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Huifang Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaolei Shang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jing Wen
- School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China;
| | - Pengfei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shengtao Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Linxia Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiangyang Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Haoyang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Ronghua Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
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Yang B, Yang C, Liu R, Sui W, Zhu Q, Jin Y, Wu T, Zhang M. The Relationship between Preparation and Biological Activities of Animal-Derived Polysaccharides: A Comprehensive Review. Foods 2024; 13:173. [PMID: 38201201 PMCID: PMC10779202 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are biomolecules found in microorganisms, plants, and animals that constitute living organisms. Glycosaminoglycans, unique acidic polysaccharides in animal connective tissue, are often combined with proteins in the form of covalent bonds due to their potent biological activity, low toxicity, and minimal side effects, which have the potential to be utilized as nutrition healthcare and dietary supplements. Existing studies have demonstrated that the bioactivity of polysaccharides is closely dependent on their structure and chain conformation. The characteristic functional groups and primary structure directly determine the strength of activity. However, the relationship between structure and function is still unclear, and the target and mechanism of action are not fully understood, resulting in limited clinical applications. As a result, the clinical applications of these polysaccharides are currently limited. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the extraction methods, structures, and biological activities of animal-derived polysaccharides that have been discovered so far. The aim is to promote developments in animal active polysaccharide science and provide theoretical support for exploring other unknown natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (B.Y.); (C.Y.); (R.L.); (W.S.); (Y.J.); (M.Z.)
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Hossain A, Dave D, Shahidi F. Sulfated polysaccharides in sea cucumbers and their biological properties: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127329. [PMID: 37844809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Sea cucumbers contain a wide range of biomolecules, including sulfated polysaccharides (SPs), with immense therapeutic and nutraceutical potential. SPs in sea cucumbers are mainly fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FCS) and fucan sulfate (FS) which exhibit a series of pharmacological effects, including anticoagulant activity, in several biological systems. FCS is a structurally distinct glycosaminoglycan in the sea cucumber body wall, and its biological properties mainly depend on the degree of sulfation, position of sulfate group, molecular weight, and distribution of branches along the backbone. So far, FCS and FS have been recognized for their antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-obesity, and antioxidant potential. However, the functions of these SPs are mainly dependent on the species, origins, harvesting season, and extraction methods applied. This review focuses on the SPs of sea cucumbers and how their structural diversities affect various biological activities. In addition, the mechanism of actions of SPs, chemical structures, factors affecting their bioactivities, and their extraction methods are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Deepika Dave
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; Marine Bioprocessing Facility, Centre of Aquaculture and Seafood Development, Fisheries and Marine Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5R3, Canada.
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada.
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V G, K N C, Ramkumar S, Halami PM, G SK. In vitro fermentation of glycosaminoglycans from mackerel fish waste and its role in modulating the antioxidant status and gut microbiota of high fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:7130-7145. [PMID: 37461843 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03603g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive polysaccharides such as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) exhibit potential health benefits for several health complications including obesity. The gut microbiota plays a key role in regulating host metabolism, nutrition and immunity. The present work assessed the potential of extracted GAGs (e-GAGs) in maintaining the gut microbiota and ameliorating the effects of high fat diet in in vitro and in vivo models. The in vitro fermentability of e-GAGs extracted from mackerel fish waste was analyzed with Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) and Bifidobacterium bifidum (BB); e-GAGs at 0.5 and 1% proved their prebiotic nature up to 48 h. The pH value decreased from 6.23 to 3.32, the cell density increased from 1.70 to 2.32, the viable cell count increased from 8 to 12 log CFU mL-1, and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production was ≈33, 31 and 36% for LP and ≈37, 29 and 34% for BB in terms of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, respectively. In vivo studies on high fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6 mice with e-GAGs (380 and 760 mg kg-1 diet) showed ameliorated gut microbiome and tissue/plasma antioxidant enzyme activities, and also the e-GAG-fed group showed significantly (P < 0.05) decreased lipid peroxidation. Cecal microbial analysis showed the health-promoting effects of e-GAGs in reducing (P < 0.05) the obesity ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) within the range (5.32 and 5.26) compared with HFD (6.23). Hence, e-GAGs can be a potential molecule for the treatment of obesity by restoring the redox status under oxidative stress and ameliorating the gut microbes that produce SCFAs which are known to have health beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha V
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru - 570 020, India.
- Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore - 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - Chathur K N
- Department of Food Protectants & Infestation Control, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru - 570 020, India
| | - Smita Ramkumar
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru - 570 020, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Prakash M Halami
- Department of Microbiology & Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru - 570 020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Suresh Kumar G
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru - 570 020, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore - 574199, Karnataka, India
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Peroxidative depolymerization of fucosylated glycosaminoglycan: Bond-cleavage pattern and activities of oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 295:119855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang W, Mao H, Li S, Zhang L, Yang L, Yin R, Zhao J. Branched Chondroitin Sulfate Oligosaccharides Derived from the Sea Cucumber Acaudina molpadioides Stimulate Neurite Outgrowth. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20100653. [PMID: 36286476 PMCID: PMC9605008 DOI: 10.3390/md20100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FCS) from the sea cucumber Acaudina molpadioides (FCSAm) is the first one that was reported to be branched by disaccharide GalNAc-(α1,2)-Fuc3S4S (15%) and sulfated Fuc (85%). Here, four size-homogenous fractions, and seven oligosaccharides, were separated from its β-eliminative depolymerized products. Detailed NMR spectroscopic and MS analyses revealed the oligomers as hexa-, hepta-, octa-, and nonasaccharide, which further confirmed the precise structure of native FCSAm: it was composed of the CS-E-like backbone with a full content of sulfation at O-4 and O-6 of GalNAc in the disaccharide repeating unit, and the branches consisting of sulfated fucose (Fuc4S and Fuc2S4S) and heterodisaccharide [GalNAc-(α1,2)-Fuc3S4S]. Pharmacologically, FCSAm and its depolymerized derivatives, including fractions and oligosaccharides, showed potent neurite outgrowth-promoting activity in a chain length-dependent manner. A comparison of analyses among oligosaccharides revealed that the sulfate pattern of the Fuc branches, instead of the heterodisaccharide, could affect the promotion intensity. Fuc2S4S and the saccharide length endowed the neurite outgrowth stimulation activity most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sujuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Longlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Lian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ronghua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
- Correspondence: (R.Y.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
- Correspondence: (R.Y.); (J.Z.)
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Zheng S, Wang Y, Wu J, Wang S, Wei H, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Shi Y. Critical Quality Control Methods for a Novel Anticoagulant Candidate LFG-Na by HPSEC-MALLS-RID and Bioactivity Assays. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144522. [PMID: 35889395 PMCID: PMC9318522 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A low molecular weight fucosylated glycosaminoglycan sodium (LFG-Na) is a novel anticoagulant candidate from the sea cucumber Holothuria fuscopunctata that selectively inhibits intrinsic tenase (iXase). The molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and bioactivities are the critical quality attributes of LFG-Na. The determination of these quality attributes of such an oligosaccharides mixture drug is challenging but critical for the quality control process to ensure its safety and efficacy in clinical use. Herein, the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of LFG-Na were successfully determined using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID). Comparing to the conventional method, HPSEC-MALLS-RID based on the refractive index increment (dn/dc) did not require the reference substances to establish the calibration curve. The acceptance criteria of LFG-Na were established, the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) should be 4000 to 6000 Da, the polydispersity (Mw/Mn) < 1.40, and the fraction with molecular weights of 1500 to 8000 Da should be no less than 80% of the total. HPSEC-MALLS-RID was also utilized for the determination of the starting material native fucosylated glycosaminoglycan (NFG) to choose a better manufacturing process. Furthermore, APTT assay was selected and the potency of anti-iXase, referring to the parallel line assay (PLA) method, was established to clarify the consistency of its biological activities. The results suggest that HPSEC-MALLS-RID and bioactivity assays are critical quality control methods for multi-component glycosaminoglycan LFG-Na. The methods also provide a feasible strategy to control the quality of other polysaccharide medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunliang Zheng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (J.W.)
- Mudanjiang Youbo Pharmceutical Co., Ltd., Mudanjiang 157013, China; (Y.W.); (S.W.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yi Wang
- Mudanjiang Youbo Pharmceutical Co., Ltd., Mudanjiang 157013, China; (Y.W.); (S.W.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jiashuo Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Siyao Wang
- Mudanjiang Youbo Pharmceutical Co., Ltd., Mudanjiang 157013, China; (Y.W.); (S.W.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Huaifu Wei
- Mudanjiang Youbo Pharmceutical Co., Ltd., Mudanjiang 157013, China; (Y.W.); (S.W.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yongchun Zhang
- Mudanjiang Youbo Pharmceutical Co., Ltd., Mudanjiang 157013, China; (Y.W.); (S.W.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jianbo Zhou
- Mudanjiang Youbo Pharmceutical Co., Ltd., Mudanjiang 157013, China; (Y.W.); (S.W.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +86-10-57833270 (Y.S.)
| | - Yue Shi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +86-10-57833270 (Y.S.)
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Zhang W, Xu R, Jin X, Wang Y, Hu L, Zhang T, Du G, Kang Z. Enzymatic Production of Chondroitin Oligosaccharides and Its Sulfate Derivatives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:951740. [PMID: 35910011 PMCID: PMC9326237 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.951740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) has a wide range of physiological functions and clinical applications. However, the biosynthesis of chondroitin oligosaccharides (o-CHs) and sulfate derivatives with specific length is always challenging. Herein, we report enzymatic strategies for producing homogeneous o-CHs and its sulfate derivatives from microbial sourced chondroitin. Chondroitin disaccharides, tetrasaccharides, hexasaccharides, octasaccharides, and decasaccharides with defined structure were produced by controllably depolymerizing microbial sourced chondroitin with an engineered chondroitinase ABC I. The highest conversion rates of the above corresponding o-CHs were 65.5%, 32.1%, 12.7%, 7.2%, and 16.3%, respectively. A new efficient enzymatic sulfation system that directly initiates from adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) and sulfate was developed and improved the sulfation of chondroitin from 8.3% to 85.8% by optimizing the temperature, sulfate and ATP concentration. o-CHs decasaccharide, octasaccharide, hexasaccharide, tetrasaccharide and disaccharide were modified and the corresponding sulfate derivatives with one sulfate group were prepared. The enzymatic approaches constructed here for preparing o-CHs and its sulfate derivatives pave the way for the study of structure-activity relationship and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruirui Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xuerong Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Litao Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tianmeng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Guocheng Du, ; Zhen Kang,
| | - Zhen Kang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Guocheng Du, ; Zhen Kang,
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Gong PX, Wu YC, Liu Y, Lv SZ, You Y, Zhou ZL, Chen X, Li HJ. Structure and hypoglycemic effect of a neutral polysaccharide isolated from sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 216:14-23. [PMID: 35780917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In addition to its high nutritious value, sea cucumber has been recognized by folk medicine for a long time. This study investigated the structure and hyperglycemic activity of a neutral polysaccharide (NPsj) from sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus, whose molecular weight was determined as 301.75 kDa by HPGPC method. Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that NPsj is a glucan. The structure of NPsj was obtained by combining the analysis of methylation analysis, FTIR, NMR, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation and ESI-MS, which is mainly composed of (1 → 4)-α-d-glucoses with β-d-glucose(1→) branches substituted at O-6 every 7-9 of 1,4 linked glucoses. An in vitro insulin resistance Hep G2 cells model and a 3 T3-L1 cells model were established, and the NPsj has significant effect to increase glucose consumption with no toxicity at 10-100 μg/mL. Furthermore, NPsj upregulates the phosphorylation of Akt1 and down-regulated GSK3β, and then reduces the phosphorylation of GS, indicating its mechanism of ameliorating insulin resistance via Akt/GSK3β/GS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi-Xian Gong
- Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Yan-Chao Wu
- Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China.
| | - Shi-Zhong Lv
- Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Yue You
- Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Ze-Lin Zhou
- Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Hui-Jing Li
- Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China; Weihai Huiankang Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Weihai 264200, PR China.
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10
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Dong FK, Quan XG, Wang QB, Liu ZM, Cui T, Wang WJ, Tang DM, Zhang RM, Zhang C, Wang HY, Ren Q. Purification, structural characterization, and anticoagulant activity evaluation of chondroitin sulfate from codfish (Gadus macrocephalus) bones. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 210:759-767. [PMID: 35526771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CCS) was purified from discarded codfish (Gadus macrocephalus) bones, and its chemical structure and anticoagulant activity were assessed. CCS was obtained via enzymatic lysis and ion-exchange column chromatography, with a yield of approximately 0.15%. High-performance gel performance chromatography revealed CCS to be a largely homogeneous polysaccharide with a relatively low molecular weight of 12.3 kDa. FT-IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and SAX-HPLC indicated that CCS was composed of monosulfated disaccharides (ΔDi4S 73.85% and ΔDi6S 19.06%) and nonsulfated disaccharides (ΔDi0S 7.09%). In vitro anticoagulation analyses revealed that CCS was able to significantly prolong activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) (p < 0.05). At a CCS concentration of 5 μg/mL and 25 μg/mL, APTT and TT were approximately 1.08 and 1.12 times higher, respectively, compared to the negative control group. The results indicated that CCS might offer value as a dietary fiber supplement with the potential to prevent the incidence of coagulation-related thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Kun Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China; Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Xian-Gao Quan
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Qing-Bing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhao-Ming Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Teng Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Jing Wang
- Rongsense Aquatic Food Group Co. LTD, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Dao-Min Tang
- Rongsense Aquatic Food Group Co. LTD, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Rui-Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China; Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Hui-Yun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China.
| | - Qiang Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China.
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11
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Yan Y, Ren P, Wu Q, Liu X, Zhang Z, Hua M, Xia W, Chen J. Structure comparison and anti-coagulant effects of the glycosaminoglycans from porcine duodenum and jejunum. Food Chem 2022; 373:131609. [PMID: 34819245 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
To make full use of the porcine sources and develop better choice of novel GAGs as anti-coagulants, two fractions of GAGs from the porcine jejunum (A) and duodenum (C) have been separated & purified. The products were further sulfated to give B and D in order to test the influence of sulfate pattern on the bioactivity. The results showed that the relative molecular weight range of A was 3000-50,000 (Mw, g/mol), whereas C had an average molecular weight of 75,885 (Mw, g/mol). A was identified as a novel heparan sulfate through enzymatic hydrolysis analysis. C was a chondroitin like polysaccharide mainly composed of β-d-GlcA-(1 → 4) and β-d-GalNAc-(1 → 3). A possessed controllable anti-coagulant activity (7 IU/mg) in vitro. The activity of D almost achieved the same magnitude of A. This study demonstrated the anticoagulant potential of the polysaccharides, providing solid foundation for development of anti-coagulants from porcine intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Panpan Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoni Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenqing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Minyu Hua
- Wuxi Red Cross Blood Station, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Wuxi Red Cross Blood Station, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Zhu L, Qi X, Bai J, Sun X, Hou H. The mechanism of molecular cross-linking against nonenzymatic degradation in the body wall of ready-to-eat sea cucumber. Food Chem 2022; 373:131359. [PMID: 34731795 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ready-to-eat sea cucumbers (RSC) treated by high pressure steam were easily degraded during storage. Celery (Apium graveolens, AG) and chlorogenic acid (CA) were screened for enhancing the stability of RSC. After RSC cross-linked by AG or CA, the hardness was significantly increased by 108% or 254% at 30 d, and the relaxation time decrease by 31.90 or 39.89 ms, and the proportion of T23 reduced by 0.40% or 1.15%. The crosslinked RSC exhibited smaller pore size with finer collagen fibrils. CA treatment caused the secondary structure changes in RSC. In addition, it also inhibited the break of peptide bonds in RSC collagen, observing the decrease of free hydroxyproline level from 46.63 to 34.53 μg/g, and the reduction of free ammonia nitrogen from 20.96 to 15.30 μmol/g. Therefore, AG and CA will have an important application in RSC processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Xin Qi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Jing Bai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Xiao Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Hu Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, PR China.
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13
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Liu X, Ning Z, Zuo Z, Wang P, Yin R, Gao N, Wu B, Zhao J. The glycosidic bond cleavage and desulfation investigation of fucosylated glycosaminoglycan during mild acid hydrolysis through structural analysis of the resulting oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Res 2021; 511:108493. [PMID: 34942433 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mild acid hydrolysis is a common method to study the chemical structure of fucosylated glycosaminoglycan (FG). It was generally considered that the fucose branches α-L-FucS-(1, of FG could be hydrolyzed selectively in mild acid. This report focused on the selectivity of glycosidic bond cleavage and extensive desulfation characteristics of the backbone during mild acid hydrolysis. The hydrolyzed product of native SvFG (dfSvFG) was prepared by mild acid hydrolysis in 0.1 M H2SO4 at 100 °C for 2 h. A series of oligosaccharides were purified by GPC and SAX-HPLC from dfSvFG, then they were analyzed by HPGPC, 1D/2D NMR and ESI-Q-TOF-MS. The precise structure of these oligosaccharides was elucidated to be trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides and pentasaccharides, indicating SvFG branches hydrolyzed basically and its' backbone composed of repeating β-D-GlcA-(1,3)-D-GalNAc and β-D-GalNAc-(1,4)-D-GlcA unit. The prevalent presence of the GlcA residues at the non-reducing terminal of these oligosaccharides, suggesting the glycosidic bond of β-D-GalNAc-(1,4)-D-GlcA was more susceptible to acid than that of β-D-GlcA-(1,3)-D-GalNAc during mild acid hydrolysis. Moreover, the sulfate ester groups in GalNAc4S6S unit could also be hydrolyzed by acid, and it at position C-4 was more susceptible to hydrolysis than that at C-6. This extensive degradation and desulfation of the backbone should be taken into consideration when mild acid hydrolysis was used in elucidating the exact structure or structure-activity relationship of native FG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zimo Ning
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhichuang Zuo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Pin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ronghua Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Na Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Bin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
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14
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Li Y, Li M, Xu B, Li Z, Qi Y, Song Z, Zhao Q, Du B, Yang Y. The current status and future perspective in combination of the processing technologies of sulfated polysaccharides from sea cucumbers: A comprehensive review. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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15
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Chalorak P, Sornkaew N, Manohong P, Niamnont N, Malaiwong N, Limboonreung T, Sobhon P, Aschner M, Meemon K. Diterpene glycosides from Holothuria scabra exert the α-synuclein degradation and neuroprotection against α-synuclein-Mediated neurodegeneration in C. elegans model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114347. [PMID: 34147616 PMCID: PMC8381228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Holothuria (Metriatyla) scabra Jaeger (H. scabra), sea cucumber, is the marine organism that has been used as traditional food and medicine to gain the health benefits since ancient time. Although our recent studies have shown that crude extracts from H. scabra exhibited neuroprotective effects against Parkinson's disease (PD), the underlying mechanisms and bioactive compounds are still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, we examined the efficacy of purified compounds from H. scabra and their underlying mechanism on α-synuclein degradation and neuroprotection against α-synuclein-mediated neurodegeneration in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans PD model. MATERIAL AND METHODS The H. scabra compounds (HSEA-P1 and P2) were purified and examined for their toxicity and optimal dose-range by food-clearance and lifespan assays. The α-synuclein degradation and neuroprotection against α-synuclein-mediated neurodegeneration were determined using transgenic C. elegans model, Punc-54::α-syn and Pdat-1:: α-syn; Pdat-1::GFP, respectively, and then further investigated by determining the behavioral assays including locomotion rate, basal slowing rate, ethanol avoidance, and area-restricted searching. The underlying mechanisms related to autophagy were clarified by quantitative PCR and RNAi experiments. RESULTS Our results showed that HSEA-P1 and HSEA-P2 significantly diminished α-synuclein accumulation, improved motility deficits, and recovered the shortened lifespan. Moreover, HSEA-P1 and HSEA-P2 significantly protected dopaminergic neurons from α-synuclein toxicity and alleviated dopamine-associated behavioral deficits, i.e., basal slowing, ethanol avoidance, and area-restricted searching. HSEA-P1 and HSEA-P2 also up-regulated autophagy-related genes, including beclin-1/bec-1, lc-3/lgg-1, and atg-7/atg-7. RNA interference (RNAi) of these genes in transgenic α-synuclein worms confirmed that lc-3/lgg-1 and atg-7/atg-7 were required for α-synuclein degradation and DAergic neuroprotection activities of HSEA-P1 and HSEA-P2. NMR and mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the HSEA-P1 and HSEA-P2 contained diterpene glycosides. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that diterpene glycosides extracted from H. scabra decreases α-synuclein accumulation and protects α-synuclein-mediated DAergic neuronal loss and its toxicities via lgg-1 and atg-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawanrat Chalorak
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Nilubon Sornkaew
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Mod, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand.
| | - Preeyanuch Manohong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Mod, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand.
| | - Nakorn Niamnont
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Mod, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand.
| | - Nawaphat Malaiwong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Tanapol Limboonreung
- Division of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand.
| | - Prasert Sobhon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - Krai Meemon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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16
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Ma Y, Gao N, Zuo Z, Li S, Zheng W, Shi X, Liu Q, Ma T, Yin R, Li X, Zhao J. Five distinct fucan sulfates from sea cucumber Pattalus mollis: Purification, structural characterization and anticoagulant activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:535-543. [PMID: 34246676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Fucan sulfates from echinoderm possess characteristic structures and various biological activities. Herein, comprehensive methods including enzymolysis, ion-exchange chromatography and size exclusion chromatography lead to the purification of five fucan sulfates (FSI, FSII, FSIII, FSIV, FSV) from the sea cucumber Pattalus mollis. Chemical composition analysis showed that they were all composed of l-fucose. Their sulfate content was determined by a conductimetric method. The molecular weight (Mw) of FSI, FSII, FSIII, FSIV and FSV were measured as 238.3 kDa, 81.0 kDa, 82.0 kDa, 23.2 kDa and 6.12 kDa, respectively. Detailed NMR spectroscopic analysis revealed that the structural sequence of FSI and FSII was →3)-l-FucS-α(1→, where FucS were Fuc2S4S (10%), Fuc2S (44%), Fuc0S (10%), Fuc4S (36%), that of FSIII was →4)-l-Fuc2S-(α1 → 4)-l-Fuc2S-(α1 → 4)-l-Fuc0S/3S-(α1→, where Fuc0S and Fuc3S were in equal molar, and that FSIV was →4)-l-Fuc2S3S-(α1 → 4)-l-Fuc2S3S-(α1 → 4)-l-Fuc2S-(α1→4)-l-Fuc2S-(α1 → 4)-l-Fuc2S-(α1 → 4)-l-Fuc2S-(α1 → . This is the first report that such a diversity of fucan sulfates were obtained from the same sea cucumber species. Biological activity showed that FSI, FSII, FSIII and FSIV exhibited potent anticoagulant by prolonging the APTT. Among them, FSII, FSIII and FSIV showed the similar potency, while FSI owned the strongest. Structure-activity relationships analysis showed that molecular weight and sulfation degree should be the crucial factors for the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Na Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhichuang Zuo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shanni Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Wenqi Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiang Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qipei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ting Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ronghua Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
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17
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Li G, Zhou Y, Yang WY, Zhang C, Hong L, Jia L. Inhibitory Effects of Sulfated Polysaccharides from the Sea Cucumber Cucumaria Frondosa against Aβ40 Aggregation and Cytotoxicity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1854-1859. [PMID: 33999600 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal aggregation and deposition of Aβ is one of the causative agents for Alzheimer's disease. The development of inhibitors for Aβ aggregation has been considered a possible method to prevent and treat Alzheimer's disease. Edible sea cucumbers contain many bioactive molecules, including saponins, phospholipids, peptides, and polysaccharides. Herein, we report that polysaccharides extracted from sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa could reduce the aggregation and cytotoxicity of Aβ40. By utilizing multiple biochemical and biophysical instruments, we found that the polysaccharides could inhibit the aggregation of Aβ40. A chemical kinetics analysis further suggested that the major inhibitory effects of the polysaccharides were achieved by disassembling mature fibrils, which in turn reduced the cytotoxicity of Aβ. These results suggested that the polysaccharides extracted from sea cucumber could be used as an effective inhibitor for Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Li
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Wu-Yue Yang
- Yau Mathematical Sciences Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Liu Hong
- School of Mathematics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Lee Jia
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
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18
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Li X, Li S, Liu J, Lin L, Sun H, Yang W, Cai Y, Gao N, Zhou L, Qin H, Yin R, Zhao J. A regular fucan sulfate from Stichopus herrmanni and its peroxide depolymerization: Structure and anticoagulant activity. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 256:117513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Li H, Yuan Q, Lv K, Ma H, Gao C, Liu Y, Zhang S, Zhao L. Low-molecular-weight fucosylated glycosaminoglycan and its oligosaccharides from sea cucumber as novel anticoagulants: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:117034. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Structure and anticoagulant activity of a sulfated fucan from the sea cucumber Acaudina leucoprocta. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:87-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Purification, structural characterization and anticoagulant activities of four sulfated polysaccharides from sea cucumber Holothuria fuscopunctata. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3421-3428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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22
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Dwivedi R, Pomin VH. Marine Antithrombotics. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18100514. [PMID: 33066214 PMCID: PMC7602030 DOI: 10.3390/md18100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis remains a prime reason of mortality worldwide. With the available antithrombotic drugs, bleeding remains the major downside of current treatments. This raises a clinical concern for all patients undergoing antithrombotic therapy. Novel antithrombotics from marine sources offer a promising therapeutic alternative to this pathology. However, for any potential new molecule to be introduced as a real alternative to existing drugs, the exhibition of comparable anticoagulant potential with minimal off-target effects must be achieved. The relevance of marine antithrombotics, particularly sulfated polysaccharides, is largely due to their unique mechanisms of action and lack of bleeding. There have been many investigations in the field and, in recent years, results have confirmed the role of potential marine molecules as alternative antithrombotics. Nonetheless, further clinical studies are required. This review covers the core of the data available so far regarding the science of marine molecules with potential medical applications to treat thrombosis. After a general discussion about the major biochemical steps involved in this pathology, we discuss the key structural and biomedical aspects of marine molecules of both low and high molecular weight endowed with antithrombotic/anticoagulant properties.
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Mao H, Cai Y, Li S, Sun H, Lin L, Pan Y, Yang W, He Z, Chen R, Zhou L, Wang W, Yin R, Zhao J. A new fucosylated glycosaminoglycan containing disaccharide branches from Acaudina molpadioides: Unusual structure and anti-intrinsic tenase activity. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 245:116503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Sun H, Gao N, Ren L, Liu S, Lin L, Zheng W, Zhou L, Yin R, Zhao J. The components and activities analysis of a novel anticoagulant candidate dHG-5. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112796. [PMID: 32942073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic Xase (iXase), the last and rate-limiting enzyme complex in the intrinsic coagulation pathway, may be an ideal target for antithrombotic treatment. A depolymerized fraction of fucosylated glycosaminoglycan from sea cucumber Holothuria fuscopunctata, dHG-5 (Mw 5.2 kDa), showed potent and selective inhibition of iXase (IC50, 14 nM). In this work, the series of oligosaccharides contained in dHG-5 were purified and their precise structures were confirmed by 2D NMR and MS spectra. The relationships between anti-iXase, f.IXa-binding, anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities (y) and molecular weight (x) could be approximately expressed as the power function (y = a × xb), and these activity potencies of dHG-5 were approximately equivalent to the weighted average sum of that of its oligosaccharides. Given the prominent pharmacological properties, well-defined chemical composition and explicable relationships between dHG-5 and its oligosaccharides in pharmacological behaviors, dHG-5 is expected to be an ideal novel anticoagulant medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Na Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lisha Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenqi Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lutan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ronghua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Immunoenhancing glucuronoxylomannan from Tremella aurantialba Bandoni et Zang and its low-molecular-weight fractions by radical depolymerization: Properties, structures and effects on macrophages. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 238:116184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Liu X, Zhang Z, Mao H, Wang P, Zuo Z, Gao L, Shi X, Yin R, Gao N, Zhao J. Characterization of the Hydrolysis Kinetics of Fucosylated Glycosaminoglycan in Mild Acid and Structures of the Resulting Oligosaccharides. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E286. [PMID: 32486103 PMCID: PMC7345840 DOI: 10.3390/md18060286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
: Mild acid hydrolysis is a common method for the structure analysis of fucosylated glycosaminoglycan (FG). In this work, the effects of acid hydrolysis on the structure of FG from S. variegatus (SvFG) and the reaction characteristic were systemically studied. The degree of defucosylation (DF) and molecular weights (Mw) of partial fucosylated glycosaminoglycans (pFs) were monitored by 1H NMR and size-exclusion chromatography, respectively. The kinetic plots of DF, degree of desulfation (DS) from fucose branches, and degree of hydrolysis (DH) of the backbone are exponentially increased with time, indicating that acid hydrolysis of SvFG followed a first-order kinetics. The kinetic rate constants kDF, kDS, and kDH were determined to be 0.0223 h-1, 0.0041 h-1, and 0.0005 h-1, respectively. The structure of the released sulfated fucose branches (FucS) from SvFG and HfFG (FG from H. fuscopunctata) was characterized by 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy, suggesting the presence of six types of fucose: α/β Fuc2S4S, Fuc3S4S, Fuc3S, Fuc4S, Fuc2S, and Fuc. The Fuc3S4S was more susceptible to acid than Fuc2S4S, and that the sulfate ester in position of O-2 and O-3 than in O-4 of fucose. The structure characteristic of pF18 indicated the cleavage of backbone glycosidic bonds. The APTT prolonged activity reduced with the decrease of the DF and Mw of the pFs, and became insignificant when its DF was 87% with Mw of 3.5 kDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (P.W.); (Z.Z.); (L.G.); (X.S.)
| | - Zhexian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (P.W.); (Z.Z.); (L.G.); (X.S.)
| | - Hui Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (H.M.); (R.Y.)
| | - Pin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (P.W.); (Z.Z.); (L.G.); (X.S.)
| | - Zhichuang Zuo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (P.W.); (Z.Z.); (L.G.); (X.S.)
| | - Li Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (P.W.); (Z.Z.); (L.G.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiang Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (P.W.); (Z.Z.); (L.G.); (X.S.)
| | - Ronghua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (H.M.); (R.Y.)
| | - Na Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (P.W.); (Z.Z.); (L.G.); (X.S.)
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (P.W.); (Z.Z.); (L.G.); (X.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (H.M.); (R.Y.)
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NMR characterization and anticoagulant activity of the oligosaccharides from the fucosylated glycosaminoglycan isolated from Holothuria coluber. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 233:115844. [PMID: 32059896 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A glycosaminoglycan was isolated from the sea cucumber Holothuria coluber (HcFG). A series of oligosaccharide fragments (dp range 3-11) were prepared from its β-eliminative depolymerized product (dHcFG). Extensive NMR characterization of the oligosaccharides indicated the d-GlcA-β1,3-d-GalNAc4S6S repeating disaccharide backbone was substituted by monosaccharide branches comprising of Fuc2S4S, Fuc3S4S and Fuc4S, linked to O-3 of d-GlcA. For the prevailing Fuc3S4S at nonreducing end of dHcFG, the β-eliminative depolymerization process of HcFG was compared with those of the FGs from Actinopyga miliaris (AmFG, branched with Fuc3S4S) and Stichopus variegatus (SvFG, branched with Fuc2S4S). The result suggested that d-GlcA substituted with Fuc3S4S was more susceptible to depolymerization than that with Fuc2S4S. It might be due to the larger steric hindrance effects from Fuc2S4S on the esterification of GlcA. Biological assays confirmed that the minimum chain length (dp8), regardless of the Fuc branch types, was required for the potent anti-iXase and anticoagulant activities in FG fragments.
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Yang D, Lin F, Huang Y, Ye J, Xiao M. Separation, purification, structural analysis and immune-enhancing activity of sulfated polysaccharide isolated from sea cucumber viscera. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 155:1003-1018. [PMID: 31712137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel sulfated polysaccharide (SCVP-1) was isolated from sea cucumber viscera and purified to elucidate its structure and immune-enhancing ability. SCVP-1 was found to be a homogeneous polysaccharide with a relative molecular weight of 180.8 kDa and composed of total sugars (60.2 ± 2.6%), uronic acid (15.3 ± 1.8%), proteins (6.8 ± 0.8%), and sulfate groups (18.1 ± 0.9%). SCVP-1 consisted of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid, N-acetyl-galactosamine, glucose, galactose and fucose at an approximate molar ratio of 1.00:1.41:0.88:2.14:1.90:1.12:1.24. The fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses showed that SCVP-1 was a kind of glycosaminoglycan. And the sulfation patterns of the fucose branches were Fuc2,4S, Fuc3,4S and Fuc0S. The surface morphology of SCVP-1 presented loose and irregular sheet structure formed by aggregation of polysaccharide molecules with spherical structure. Moreover, SCVP-1 promoted the production of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) by RAW264.7 cells as well as the expression of related genes (iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and also enhanced their phagocytic activity through TLR4-mediated activation of the MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways. This study suggests that sea cucumber viscera are good sources of polysaccharides and SCVP-1 might be a novel immunomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongda Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao university of China, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Fudi Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao university of China, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yayan Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao university of China, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jing Ye
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao university of China, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China.
| | - Meitian Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao university of China, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China.
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Cai Y, Yang W, Li X, Zhou L, Wang Z, Lin L, Chen D, Zhao L, Li Z, Liu S, Yin R, Zuo Z, Gao N, Zhao J. Precise structures and anti-intrinsic tenase complex activity of three fucosylated glycosaminoglycans and their fragments. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 224:115146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zhu Z, Dong X, Yan C, Ai C, Zhou D, Yang J, Zhang H, Liu X, Song S, Xiao H, Zhu B. Structural Features and Digestive Behavior of Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate from Sea Cucumbers Stichopus japonicus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10534-10542. [PMID: 31464434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus (FCSSJ) has been demonstrated with various biological activities; however, its precise structure is still controversial, and digestive behavior remains poorly understood. FCSSJ was purified, and its detailed structure was elucidated mainly based on the NMR spectroscopic methods. Its main chain was characterized as →4)-β-d-GlcA-(1 → 3)-β-d-GalNAc-(1→ with GalNAc4S6S:GalNAc4S in a ratio of 1.5:1, and three types of sulfated fucosyl branches attaching C-3 of GlcA, namely, Fucp2S4S, Fucp3S4S, and Fucp4S, were found in a ratio of 2:1.5:1. The digestibility of FCSSJ was investigated in vitro, and the unchanged molecular weight and reducing sugar content indicated that FCSSJ was not broken down under salivary and gastrointestinal digestion. Furthermore, FCSSJ showed a significant inhibitory impact on pancreatic lipase dose-dependently but not on α-amylase, indicating that the inhibition of pancreatic lipase by FCSSJ might be a pathway for its hypolipidemic effect. These findings propose a fucosylated chondroitin sulfate and provide insight into the mechanism of its physiological effects in the digestion system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjun Zhu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application , Dalian 116034 , China
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , China
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | | | - Chunhong Yan
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application , Dalian 116034 , China
| | - Chunqing Ai
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application , Dalian 116034 , China
| | - Dayong Zhou
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application , Dalian 116034 , China
| | - Jingfeng Yang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application , Dalian 116034 , China
| | | | - Xiaoling Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , China
| | - Shuang Song
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application , Dalian 116034 , China
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application , Dalian 116034 , China
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , China
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Zheng W, Zhou L, Lin L, Cai Y, Sun H, Zhao L, Gao N, Yin R, Zhao J. Physicochemical Characteristics and Anticoagulant Activities of the Polysaccharides from Sea Cucumber Pattalus mollis. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E198. [PMID: 30934819 PMCID: PMC6521006 DOI: 10.3390/md17040198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides from sea cucumbers possess distinct chemical structure and various biological activities. Herein, three types of polysaccharides were isolated and purified from Pattalus mollis, and their structures and bioactivities were analyzed. The fucosylated glycosaminoglycan (PmFG) had a CS-like backbone composed of the repeating units of {-4-d-GlcA-β-1,3-d-GalNAc4S6S-β-1-}, and branches of a sulfated α-l-Fuc (including Fuc2S4S, Fuc3S4S and Fuc4S with a molar ratio of 2:2.5:1) linked to O-3 of each d-GlcA. The fucan sulfate (PmFS) had a backbone consisting of a repetitively linked unit {-4-l-Fuc2S-α-1-}, and interestingly, every trisaccharide unit in its backbone was branched with a sulfated α-l-Fuc (Fuc4S or Fuc3S with a molar ratio of 4:1). Apart from the sulfated polysaccharides, two neutral glycans (PmNG-1 & -2) differing in molecular weight were also obtained and their structures were similar to animal glycogen. Anticoagulant assays indicated that PmFG and PmFS possessed strong APTT prolonging and intrinsic factor Xase inhibition activities, and the sulfated α-l-Fuc branches might contribute to the anticoagulant and anti-FXase activities of both PmFG and PmFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Lutan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Lisha Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ying Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Huifang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Longyan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Na Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Ronghua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
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Thinh PD, Ly BM, Usoltseva RV, Shevchenko NM, Rasin AB, Anastyuk SD, Malyarenko OS, Zvyagintseva TN, San PT, Ermakova SP. A novel sulfated fucan from Vietnamese sea cucumber Stichopus variegatus: Isolation, structure and anticancer activity in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:1101-1109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Yin R, Zhou L, Gao N, Li Z, Zhao L, Shang F, Wu M, Zhao J. Oligosaccharides from depolymerized fucosylated glycosaminoglycan: Structures and minimum size for intrinsic factor Xase complex inhibition. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14089-14099. [PMID: 30030375 PMCID: PMC6130965 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucosylated glycosaminoglycan (FG), a structurally complex glycosaminoglycan found up to now exclusively in sea cucumbers, has distinct anticoagulant properties, notably a strong inhibitory activity of intrinsic factor Xase complex (FXase). Knowledge of the FG structures could facilitate the development of a clinically effective intrinsic FXase inhibitor for anticoagulant drugs. Here, a new fucosylated glycosaminoglycan was obtained from the widely traded sea cucumber Bohadschia argus The precise structure was deduced as {→4)-[l-Fuc3S4S-α-(1→3)-]-d-GlcA-β-(1→3)-d-GalNAc4S6S-β-(1} through analysis of its chemical properties and homogeneous oligosaccharides purified from its β-eliminative depolymerized products. The B. argus FG with mostly 3,4-di-O-sulfated fucoses expands our knowledge on FG structural types. This β-elimination process, producing oligosaccharides with well-defined structures, is a powerful tool for analyzing the structure of complex FGs. Among these oligosaccharides, an octasaccharide displayed potent FXase inhibitory activity. Compared with oligosaccharides with various degrees of polymerization (3n and 3n - 1), our analyses reveal that the purified octasaccharide is the minimum structural unit responsible for the potent selective FXase inhibition, because the d-talitol in the nonsaccharide is unnecessary. The octasaccharide with 2,4-di-O-sulfated fucoses is more potent than that of one with 3,4-di-O-sulfated fucoses. Thus, sulfation patterns can play an important role in the inhibition of intrinsic factor Xase complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Yin
- From the State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China and
- the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lutan Zhou
- From the State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China and
- the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Na Gao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China and
| | - Zi Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China and
| | - Longyan Zhao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China and
| | - Feineng Shang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China and
| | - Mingyi Wu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China and
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China and
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Structural analysis and anticoagulant activities of three highly regular fucan sulfates as novel intrinsic factor Xase inhibitors. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 195:257-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lin L, Xu L, Xiao C, Zhou L, Gao N, Wu M, Zhao J. Plasma contact activation by a fucosylated chondroitin sulfate and its structure–activity relationship study. Glycobiology 2018; 28:754-764. [PMID: 30016441 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lutan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Mingyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Glycans and glycosaminoglycans in neurobiology: key regulators of neuronal cell function and fate. Biochem J 2018; 475:2511-2545. [PMID: 30115748 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the roles of l-fucose and the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) keratan sulfate (KS) and chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) with selected functional molecules in neural tissues. Cell surface glycans and GAGs have evolved over millions of years to become cellular mediators which regulate fundamental aspects of cellular survival. The glycocalyx, which surrounds all cells, actuates responses to growth factors, cytokines and morphogens at the cellular boundary, silencing or activating downstream signaling pathways and gene expression. In this review, we have focused on interactions mediated by l-fucose, KS and CS/DS in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Fucose makes critical contributions in the area of molecular recognition and information transfer in the blood group substances, cytotoxic immunoglobulins, cell fate-mediated Notch-1 interactions, regulation of selectin-mediated neutrophil extravasation in innate immunity and CD-34-mediated new blood vessel development, and the targeting of neuroprogenitor cells to damaged neural tissue. Fucosylated glycoproteins regulate delivery of synaptic neurotransmitters and neural function. Neural KS proteoglycans (PGs) were examined in terms of cellular regulation and their interactive properties with neuroregulatory molecules. The paradoxical properties of CS/DS isomers decorating matrix and transmembrane PGs and the positive and negative regulatory cues they provide to neurons are also discussed.
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Yang W, Cai Y, Yin R, Lin L, Li Z, Wu M, Zhao J. Structural analysis and anticoagulant activities of two sulfated polysaccharides from the sea cucumber Holothuria coluber. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:1055-1062. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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38
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Cai Y, Yang W, Yin R, Zhou L, Li Z, Wu M, Zhao J. An anticoagulant fucan sulfate with hexasaccharide repeating units from the sea cucumber Holothuria albiventer. Carbohydr Res 2018; 464:12-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Modulating the degree of fucosylation of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate enhances heparin cofactor II-dependent thrombin inhibition. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 154:133-143. [PMID: 29787913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FCS), an unusual glycosaminoglycan with fucose side chains, is a promising anticoagulant agent. To assess the effect of its structure on anticoagulant activity, its derivatives with various degrees of fucosylation (DF), molecular weights (Mw) and sulfation patterns were prepared and characterized. Biological tests showed that their APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) prolonging activity and intrinsic factor Xase complex (factor IXa-VIIIa-Ca2+-PL complex) inhibitory activity were both reduced in FCS derivatives with lower Mw and DF. However, FCSs with DF at least 16% resulted in greater heparin cofactor II (HCII)-dependent thrombin inhibitory activity in response to decreasing DF, and these activities did not depend on Mw (Mw > 5.2 kDa). Solution competition binding assay further suggested that modulating the DF of FCS derivatives might enhance inhibition of thrombin by activating HCII. These findings imply that FCS derivatives with suitable chain length and DF value may be novel anticoagulants by activating HCII.
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Zhao L, Qin Y, Guan R, Zheng W, Liu J, Zhao J. Digestibility of fucosylated glycosaminoglycan from sea cucumber and its effects on digestive enzymes under simulated salivary and gastrointestinal conditions. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 186:217-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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