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Xu H, Gong J, Lu P, Azevedo P, Li L, Yu H, Yang C. Functional evaluation of Bacillus licheniformis PF9 for its potential in controlling enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in weaned piglets. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae050. [PMID: 38665217 PMCID: PMC11044710 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
During the bacterial selection, isolate PF9 demonstrated tolerance to low pH and high bile salt and an ability to extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC; P < 0.05). Thirty-two weaned piglets susceptible to ETEC F4 were randomly allocated to four treatments as follows: 1) non-challenged negative control group (NNC; basal diet and piglets gavaged with phosphate-buffered saline), 2) negative control group (NC; basal diet and piglets challenged with ETEC F4, 3 × 107 CFU per pig), 3) positive control (PC; basal diet + 80 mg·kg-1 of avilamycin and piglets challenged with ETEC F4), and 4) probiotic candidate (PF9; control basal diet + 2.5 × 109 CFU·kg-1 diet of B. licheniformis PF9 and piglets challenged with ETEC F4). The infection of ETEC F4 decreased average daily gain and gain:feed in the NC group when compared to the NNC group (P < 0.05). The inoculation of ETEC F4 induced severe diarrhea at 3 h postinoculum (hpi), 36, 40 hpi in the NC group when compared to the NNC group (P < 0.05). The supplementation of B. licheniformis PF9 significantly relieved diarrhea severity at 3 hpi when compared to the NC group (P < 0.05). The inoculation of ETEC F4 reduced duodenal, jejunal, and ileal villus height (VH) in the NC group when compared to the NNC group. A significant (P < 0.05) decrease was detected in the duodenal VH in the PC and NNC groups. Moreover, the NNC group had a reduced relative mRNA level of Na+-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) when compared to the NC group (P < 0.05). Compared to the NC and NNC groups, the supplementation of B. licheniformis PF9 increased the relative mRNA levels of aminopeptidase N, occludin, zonula occludens-1, and SGLT1 (P < 0.05). The supplementation of B. licheniformis PF9 also significantly increased the relative mRNA level of excitatory amino acid transporter 1 when compared to the NC group (P < 0.05). Piglets supplemented with B. licheniformis PF9 showed lower relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in the colon than piglets from the NNC group (P < 0.05). The NNC group had a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes in the ileum than all the challenged piglets (P < 0.05); however, a lower relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the ileum and colon was observed in the NC group (P < 0.05). This study provides evidence that B. licheniformis PF9 has the potential to improve the gut health of piglets under challenging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Xu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaR3T 2N2
| | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, CanadaN1G 5C9
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaR3T 2N2
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaR3T 2N2
| | - Paula Azevedo
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaR3T 2N2
| | - Linyan Li
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, CanadaN1G 5C9
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hai Yu
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, CanadaN1G 5C9
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaR3T 2N2
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2
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Tian Y, Zhang R, Li G, Zeng T, Chen L, Xu W, Gu T, Tao Z, Du X, Lu L. Microbial fermented feed affects flavor amino acids and yolk trimethylamine of duck eggs via cecal microbiota-yolk metabolites crosstalk. Food Chem 2024; 430:137008. [PMID: 37586289 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fermented feed (MFF) has been demonstrated to improve nutritional status as well as promote animal health. However, only a few studies have focused on its effect on the flavor of animal products, and the potential underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Herein, egg amino acids and yolk trimethylamine (TMA), small intestine histomorphology, cecal microbiota and yolk metabolites were analyzed in MFF-treated ducks. The results showed that MFF significantly increased the flavor amino acids in duck eggs, along with reducing the yolk TMA. MFF caused an increase in beneficial cecal microflora, and regulated the bacteria involved in the metabolism of glucolipid, TMA and its N-oxide. Moreover, MFF regulated 34 annotated metabolites markedly enriched in four metabolic pathways. Correlation analysis showed that cecal microbiota and yolk metabolites were closely related to flavor-related indicators of duck eggs. Our study therefore provides a theoretical basis for improving avian egg flavor starting from the feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Ruikun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Guoqin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Wenwu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Tiantian Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Zhengrong Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xizhong Du
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua 321017, China.
| | - Lizhi Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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3
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Strategies to Enhance the Biosynthesis of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Escherichia coli. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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4
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He L, Zhao X, Li J, Yang C. Post-weaning diarrhea and use of feedstuffs in pigs. Anim Front 2022; 12:41-52. [PMID: 36530506 PMCID: PMC9749819 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liuqin He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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5
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Ekonomou S, Akshay Thanekar P, Lamprou DA, Weaver E, Doran O, Stratakos AC. Development of Geraniol-Loaded Liposomal Nanoformulations against Salmonella Colonization in the Pig Gut. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7004-7014. [PMID: 35653283 PMCID: PMC9204824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella is a global health threat, with pig production being one of the main sources of human salmonellosis. The current study investigated the antivirulence properties of geraniol for inhibiting the in vitro colonization of Salmonella. The minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of geraniol against Salmonella typhimurium followed by the sub-MIC of geraniol were determined. Results provided clear evidence that geraniol at 1/8 MIC can be used as an effective, non-toxic antivirulence compound to inhibit virulence factors (motility, adhesion, and invasiveness) affecting the colonization of S. typhimurium on IPEC-J2 cells. Additionally, the findings signified that microfluidics is an emerging technology suitable for the preparation of stable liposomes with a small size (<200 nm) and high encapsulation efficiency (EE) of up to 92.53%, which can act as effective carriers of geraniol into the pig gastrointestinal tract (GIT), targeting Salmonella, preventing colonization, and thus increasing the safety of the food supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios
I. Ekonomou
- Faculty
of Health and Applied Sciences (HAS), University
of the West of, Coldharbour Ln, Bristol BS16 1QY, England
| | - Pooja Akshay Thanekar
- Faculty
of Health and Applied Sciences (HAS), University
of the West of, Coldharbour Ln, Bristol BS16 1QY, England
| | - Dimitrios A. Lamprou
- School
of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Edward Weaver
- School
of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Olena Doran
- Faculty
of Health and Applied Sciences (HAS), University
of the West of, Coldharbour Ln, Bristol BS16 1QY, England
| | - Alexandros Ch. Stratakos
- Faculty
of Health and Applied Sciences (HAS), University
of the West of, Coldharbour Ln, Bristol BS16 1QY, England
- . Tel: (0044) 01173284743
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6
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Hsu JE, Lo SH, Lin YY, Wang HT, Chen CY. Effects of essential oil mixtures on nitrogen metabolism and odor emission via in vitro simulated digestion and in vivo growing pig experiments. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:1939-1947. [PMID: 34520072 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential oils (EOs) are extensively used in swine production because of their bioactive action in gut health. In addition, some EOs have the potential to reduce waste emission. The present study aimed to find an optimal combination of carvacrol, thymol and cinnamaldehyde to promote nitrogen utilization and reduce waste emission by a model in vitro and an animal study. RESULTS In the study in vitro, various dosages of essential oils (EOs) were used to evaluate the effect on nitrogen metabolism through a three-step model. Compared with other EO combinations, 2EO (10 ppm cinnamaldehyde and 20 ppm thymol), and 3EO (10 ppm cinnamaldehyde, 20 ppm thymol and 200 ppm carvacrol) displayed greater nitrogen digestibility, lesser ammonia production and lower activity of microbial enzymes. In the animal study, growing male Landrace × Yorkshire pigs (initial body weight: 31.8 ± 3.3 kg, n = 18) were randomly divided into three groups and fed the control, 2EO or 3EO diet for 4 weeks. Pigs fed 3EO exhibited the greatest nitrogen digestibility (85.4%, P < 0.05). EO supplementation decreased the emission of ammonia (130-140 vs. 223 mg g-1 ) and total fecal nitrogen (8.0-9.9 vs. 12.4 g d-1 ) (P < 0.05). Microbial protease and urease activities were inhibited by EO treatments (P < 0.01). Both 2EO and 3EO reduced the content of indole and 3-methylindole (P < 0.01), whereas only 2EO caused a decrease in p-cresol (P < 0.1). CONCLUSION 2EO was suitable for reducing waste emission and odorous compounds in growing pigs, whereas 3EO was optimal for increasing nitrogen utilization and partially reducing waste odorous compounds. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-En Hsu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hua Lo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yu Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hang-Tsung Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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7
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Thuekeaw S, Angkanaporn K, Chirachanchai S, Nuengjamnong C. Dual pH responsive via double - layered microencapsulation for controlled release of active ingredients in simulated gastrointestinal tract: A model case of chitosan-alginate microcapsules containing basil oil (Ocimum basilicum Linn.). Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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8
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Wu Y, Zhang H, Zhang R, Cao G, Li Q, Zhang B, Wang Y, Yang C. Serum metabolome and gut microbiome alterations in broiler chickens supplemented with lauric acid. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101315. [PMID: 34280650 PMCID: PMC8318919 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic overuse in poultry husbandry poses a potential threat to meat safety and human health. Lauric acid (LA) is a primary medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) with a strong antibacterial capacity. The goal of this study was to evaluate the beneficial effects of LA on the growth performance, immune responses, serum metabolism, and cecal microbiota of broiler chickens. One-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups: CON, fed a basal diet; ANT, a basal diet supplemented with 75 mg/kg antibiotic; LA500, a basal diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg LA; LA1000, a basal diet supplemented with 1000 mg/kg LA. The feeding period was 42 d. The results showed that LA significantly improved broiler growth and immune functions, as evidenced by increased body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG), enhanced intestinal mucosal barrier, upregulated immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, and IgY), and downregulated inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-10) (P < 0.05). HPLC/MS-based metabolome analysis revealed that the serum metabolites in the LA group differed from those of CON and ANT groups. LA markedly decreased the abundance of phosphatidylcholines (PCs), increased lysophosphatidylcholines (LysoPCs), and inhibited the sphingolipid metabolism pathway, indicating its capacity to modulate lipid metabolism. 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that LA significantly altered cecal microbiota composition by reducing Phascolarctobacterium, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, and Bacteroides, and increasing Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis revealed that changes in metabolism and microbiota were highly correlated with the growth and immune indices; strong links were also found between lipid metabolism and microbial composition. Taken together, LA promotes broiler growth and immune functions by regulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. The above findings highlight the substantial potential of LA as a supplement in poultry diets and provide a new strategy to reduce antibiotic usage and improve food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangtian Cao
- College of Standardisation, China Jiliang University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, China.
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9
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Pontes-Quero GM, Esteban-Rubio S, Pérez Cano J, Aguilar MR, Vázquez-Lasa B. Oregano Essential Oil Micro- and Nanoencapsulation With Bioactive Properties for Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:703684. [PMID: 34368098 PMCID: PMC8340037 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.703684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the preservative, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and therapeutic properties of oregano essential oil (OEO), it has received an emerging interest for biotechnological and biomedical applications. However, stability and bioactivity can be compromised by its natural volatile and hydrophobic nature, and by external factors including light, heat, or oxygen. Therefore, micro- and nanoencapsulation are being employed to guarantee oregano oil protection from outside aggressions and to maximize its potential. Oregano oil encapsulation is an interesting strategy used to increase its stability, enhance its bioactivity, and decrease its volatility. At the same time, the versatility that micro- and nanocarriers offer, allows to prepare tailored systems that can provide a controlled and targeted release of the encapsulated principle, influence its bioactive activities, or even provide additional properties. Most common materials used to prepare these carriers are based on lipids and cyclodextrins, due to their hydrophobic nature, polymers due to their versatility in composition, and hybrid lipid-polymer systems. In this context, recently developed micro- and nanocarriers encapsulating oregano oil with applications in the biotechnological and biomedical fields will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria María Pontes-Quero
- Group of Biomaterials, Department of Polymeric Nanomaterials and Biomaterials, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Alodia Farmacéutica SL, Santiago Grisolía 2 D130/L145, Madrid, Spain.,Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Pérez Cano
- Alodia Farmacéutica SL, Santiago Grisolía 2 D130/L145, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rosa Aguilar
- Group of Biomaterials, Department of Polymeric Nanomaterials and Biomaterials, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Vázquez-Lasa
- Group of Biomaterials, Department of Polymeric Nanomaterials and Biomaterials, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Yu C, Lu P, Liu S, Li Q, Xu E, Gong J, Liu S, Yang C. Efficiency of Deoxynivalenol Detoxification by Microencapsulated Sodium Metabisulfite Assessed via an In Vitro Bioassay Based on Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:8382-8393. [PMID: 33817499 PMCID: PMC8015119 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination occurs in feeds and causes a reduction in growth performance, damage to the intestinal epithelial cells, and increased susceptibility to enteric pathogen challenge. Sodium metabisulfite (SMBS) has shown promise in reducing DON; however, SMBS quickly degrades under aqueous acidic conditions such as the environment within a stomach. Thus, protection of SMBS is required for effective delivery to the small intestine to detoxify DON. This study was to encapsulate SMBS into hydrogenated palm oil-based microparticles for its delivery to the small intestine and to evaluate its efficacy on DON detoxification in simulated intestinal fluids using IPEC-J2 cells in vitro. The diameter of the SMBS containing microparticles was 511 ± 135 μm, and the loading capacity of SMBS in the microparticles was 45.50%; 1.41% of the encapsulated SMBS (ES) was released into the simulated gastric fluid, and 66.39% of ES was progressively released into the simulated intestinal fluid within 4 h at 37 °C. In IPEC-J2 cells, when DON was treated with the simulated gastric fluid containing 0.5% ES for 2 h, then mixed with the simulated intestinal fluid (1:1) and incubated for 2 h, cytotoxicity was not observed. DON treated with 0.5 ES decreased the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in the cells compared with DON alone and maintained the cell integrity. To conclude, the SMBS containing microparticles were stable in the simulated gastric fluid and allowed a progressive release of SMBS in the simulated intestinal fluid. The released SMBS in the simulated intestinal fluid effectively detoxified DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changning Yu
- Department
of Biosystems Engineering, University of
Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Peng Lu
- Department
of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Shangxi Liu
- Department
of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Qiao Li
- Department
of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Erhua Xu
- King
Techina Group, No. 8,
Yinxing Road, Renhe Street, Yuhang District, Hangzhou 311107, China
| | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph
Research and Development Centre, Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Song Liu
- Department
of Biosystems Engineering, University of
Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department
of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
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11
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Choi J, Kim WK. Dietary Application of Tannins as a Potential Mitigation Strategy for Current Challenges in Poultry Production: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122389. [PMID: 33327595 PMCID: PMC7765034 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There are diverse challenges in the poultry production industry that decrease the productivity and efficiency of poultry production, impair animal welfare, and pose issues to public health. Furthermore, the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in feed, which have been used to improve the growth performance and gut health of chickens, has been restricted in many countries. Tannins, polyphenolic compounds that precipitate proteins, are considered as alternatives for AGP in feed and provide solutions to mitigate challenges in poultry production due to their antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and gut health promoting effects. However, because high dosages of tannins have antinutritional effects when fed to poultry, determining appropriate dosages of supplemental tannins is critical for their potential implementation as a solution for the challenges faced in poultry production. Abstract The poultry industry has an important role in producing sources of protein for the world, and the size of global poultry production continues to increase annually. However, the poultry industry is confronting diverse challenges including bacterial infection (salmonellosis), coccidiosis, oxidative stress, including that caused by heat stress, welfare issues such as food pad dermatitis (FPD) and nitrogen and greenhouse gasses emissions that cumulatively cause food safety issues, reduce the efficacy of poultry production, impair animal welfare, and induce environmental issues. Furthermore, restrictions on the use of AGP have exacerbated several of these negative effects. Tannins, polyphenolic compounds that possess a protein precipitation capacity, have been considered as antinutritional factors in the past because high dosages of tannins can decrease feed intake and negatively affect nutrient digestibility and absorption. However, tannins have been shown to have antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and as such, have gained interest as promising bioactive compounds to help alleviate the challenges of AGP removal in the poultry industry. In addition, the beneficial effects of tannins can be enhanced by several strategies including heat processing, combining tannins with other bioactive compounds, and encapsulation. As a result, supplementation of tannins alone or in conjunction with the above strategies could be an effective approach to decrease the need of AGP and otherwise improve poultry production efficiency.
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12
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Escobar A, Pérez M, Romanelli G, Blustein G. Thymol bioactivity: A review focusing on practical applications. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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13
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Song K, Yan M, Li M, Geng Y, Wu X. Preparation and in vitro–in vivo evaluation of novel ocular nanomicelle formulation of thymol based on glycyrrhizin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 194:111157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Choi J, Wang L, Liu S, Lu P, Zhao X, Liu H, Lahaye L, Santin E, Liu S, Nyachoti M, Yang C. Effects of a microencapsulated formula of organic acids and essential oils on nutrient absorption, immunity, gut barrier function, and abundance of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 in weaned piglets challenged with E. coli F4. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa259. [PMID: 32780110 PMCID: PMC7526869 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to study the effects of microencapsulated organic acids (OA) and essential oils (EO) on growth performance, immune system, gut barrier function, nutrient digestion and absorption, and abundance of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 (ETEC F4) in the weaned piglets challenged with ETEC F4. Twenty-four ETEC F4 susceptible weaned piglets were randomly distributed to 4 treatments including (1) sham-challenged control (SSC; piglets fed a control diet and challenged with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)); (2) challenged control (CC; piglets fed a control diet and challenged with ETEC F4); (3) antibiotic growth promoters (AGP; CC + 55 mg·kg-1 of Aureomycin); and (4) microencapsulated OA and EO [P(OA+EO); (CC + 2 g·kg-1 of microencapsulated OA and EO]. The ETEC F4 infection significantly induced diarrhea at 8, 28, 34, and 40 hr postinoculation (hpi) (P < 0.05) in the CC piglets. At 28 d postinoculation (dpi), piglets fed P(OA+EO) had a lower (P < 0.05) diarrhea score compared with those fed CC, but the P(OA+EO) piglets had a lower (P < 0.05) diarrhea score compared with those fed the AGP diets at 40 dpi. The ETEC F4 infection tended to increase in vivo gut permeability measured by the oral gavaging fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 70 kDa (FITC-D70) assay in the CC piglets compared with the SCC piglets (P = 0.09). The AGP piglets had higher FITC-D70 flux than P(OA+EO) piglets (P < 0.05). The ETEC F4 infection decreased mid-jejunal VH in the CC piglets compared with the SCC piglets (P < 0.05). The P(OA+EO) piglets had higher (P < 0.05) VH in the mid-jejunum than the CC piglets. The relative mRNA abundance of Na+-glucose cotransporter and B0AT1 was reduced (P < 0.05) by ETEC F4 inoculation when compared with the SCC piglets. The AGP piglets had a greater relative mRNA abundance of B0AT1 than the CC piglets (P < 0.05). The ETEC F4 inoculation increased the protein abundance of OCLN (P < 0.05), and the AGP piglets had the lowest relative protein abundance of OCLN among the challenged groups (P < 0.05). The supplementation of microencapsulated OA and EO enhanced intestinal morphology and showed anti-diarrhea effects in weaned piglets challenged with ETEC F4. Even if more future studies can be required for further validation, this study brings evidence that microencapsulated OA and EO combination can be useful within the tools to be implemented in strategies for alternatives to antibiotics in swine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janghan Choi
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lucy Wang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shangxi Liu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Xiaoya Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Haoming Liu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | | | - Song Liu
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Martin Nyachoti
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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15
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Partheniadis I, Zarafidou E, Litinas KE, Nikolakakis I. Enteric Release Essential Oil Prepared by Co-Spray Drying Methacrylate/Polysaccharides-Influence of Starch Type. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E571. [PMID: 32575489 PMCID: PMC7355490 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oregano essential oil (EO) enteric release powder was formulated by spray drying feed emulsions stabilized with polysaccharides (PSC) and Eudragit® L100 (PLM). Different modified starches were used in the PSC component. Spray-dried powders were evaluated for particle size and morphology, dynamic packing, flowability, chemical interactions, reconstitution, and gastric protection. Feed emulsions were stable, indicating the good emulsification ability of the PLM/PSC combination. The presence of polymer in the encapsulating wall neutralized electrostatic charges indicating physical attraction, and FTIR spectra showed peaks of both PLM and PSC without significant shifting. Furthermore, the presence of polymer influenced spray drying, resulting in the elimination of surface cavities and the improvement of powder packing and flowability, which was best when the surface-active, low-viscosity sodium octenyl succinate starch was used (angle of repose 42°). When a PLM/PSC ratio of 80/20 was used in the encapsulating wall, the spray-dried product showed negligible re-emulsification and less than 15% release in pH 1.2 medium for 2 h, confirming gastric protection, whereas at pH 6.8, it provided complete re-emulsification and release. In conclusion, (1) polymer-PSC physical interaction promoted the formation of a smoother particle surface and product with improved technological properties, which is important for further processing, and (2) the gastro protective function of Eudragit® L100 was not impaired due to the absence of significant chemical interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Partheniadis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.P.); (E.Z.)
| | - Evangelia Zarafidou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.P.); (E.Z.)
| | - Konstantinos E. Litinas
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Nikolakakis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.P.); (E.Z.)
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Jackman JA, Boyd RD, Elrod CC. Medium-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides as feed additives for pig production: towards gut health improvement and feed pathogen mitigation. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:44. [PMID: 32337029 PMCID: PMC7178611 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ongoing challenges in the swine industry, such as reduced access to antibiotics and virus outbreaks (e.g., porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, African swine fever virus), have prompted calls for innovative feed additives to support pig production. Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and monoglycerides have emerged as a potential option due to key molecular features and versatile functions, including inhibitory activity against viral and bacterial pathogens. In this review, we summarize recent studies examining the potential of MCFAs and monoglycerides as feed additives to improve pig gut health and to mitigate feed pathogens. The molecular properties and biological functions of MCFAs and monoglycerides are first introduced along with an overview of intervention needs at different stages of pig production. The latest progress in testing MCFAs and monoglycerides as feed additives in pig diets is then presented, and their effects on a wide range of production issues, such as growth performance, pathogenic infections, and gut health, are covered. The utilization of MCFAs and monoglycerides together with other feed additives such as organic acids and probiotics is also described, along with advances in molecular encapsulation and delivery strategies. Finally, we discuss how MCFAs and monoglycerides demonstrate potential for feed pathogen mitigation to curb disease transmission. Looking forward, we envision that MCFAs and monoglycerides may become an important class of feed additives in pig production for gut health improvement and feed pathogen mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Jackman
- 1School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - R Dean Boyd
- Hanor Company, Franklin, KY 42134 USA.,3North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Charles C Elrod
- Natural Biologics Inc., Newfield, NY 14867 USA.,5Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
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17
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Van Noten N, Van Liefferinge E, Degroote J, De Smet S, Desmet T, Michiels J. Fate of Thymol and Its Monoglucosides in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Piglets. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:5241-5248. [PMID: 32201813 PMCID: PMC7081444 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The monoterpene thymol has been proposed as a valuable alternative to in-feed antibiotics in animal production. However, the effectiveness of the antimicrobial is comprised by its fast absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract. In this work, two glucoconjugates, thymol α-d-glucopyranoside (TαG) and thymol β-d-glucopyranoside (TβG), were compared with free thymol for their potential to deliver higher concentrations of the active compound to the distal small intestine of supplemented piglets. Additionally, an analytical method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of thymol and its glucoconjugates in different matrices. In stomach contents of pigs fed with 3333 μmol kg-1 thymol, TαG, or TβG, total thymol concentrations amounted to 3048, 2357, and 1820 μmol kg-1 dry matter, respectively. In glucoconjugate-fed pigs, over 30% of this concentration was present in the unconjugated form, suggesting partial hydrolysis in the stomach. No quantifiable levels of thymol or glucoconjugates were detected in the small intestine or cecum for any treatment, indicating that conjugation with one glucose unit did not sufficiently protect thymol from early absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Van Noten
- Department
of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elout Van Liefferinge
- Department
of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Degroote
- Department
of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan De Smet
- Department
of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Desmet
- Department
of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Michiels
- Department
of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- . Phone: +32 9/264.90.00
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18
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Choi J, Wang L, Ammeter E, Lahaye L, Liu S, Nyachoti M, Yang C. Evaluation of lipid matrix microencapsulation for intestinal delivery of thymol in weaned pigs. Transl Anim Sci 2019; 4:411-422. [PMID: 32705000 PMCID: PMC6994091 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txz176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EO) are defined as plant-derived natural bioactive compounds, which can have positive effects on animal growth and health due to their antimicrobial and antioxidative properties. However, EO are volatile, can evaporate quickly, and be rapidly absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Also, due to their labile nature, the stability of EO during feed processing is often questionable, leading to variations in the final concentration in feed. Encapsulation has become one of the most popular methods of stabilizing EO during feed processing, storage, and delivery into the lower gut. The objectives of the present study were to 1) evaluate the stability of thymol microencapsulated in combination with organic acids in commercially available lipid matrix microparticles during the feed pelleting process and storage; 2) validate and demonstrate the slow release of thymol from the lipid matrix microparticles in a simulated pig gastric fluid (SGF) and a simulated pig intestinal fluid (SIF); and 3) evaluate in vivo release of thymol from the lipid matrix microparticles along the pig gut. The results showed that thymol concentration was not significantly different in the mash and pelleted feeds (P > 0.05). In the in vitro study, 26.04% thymol was released in SGF, and the rest of the thymol was progressively released in SIF until completion, which was achieved by 24 h. The in vivo study showed that 15.5% of thymol was released in the stomach, and 41.85% of thymol was delivered in the mid-jejunum section. Only 2.21% of thymol was recovered in feces. In conclusion, the lipid matrix microparticles were able to maintain the stability of thymol during a feed pelleting process and storage and allow a slow and progressive intestinal release of thymol in weaned pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janghan Choi
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lucy Wang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Emily Ammeter
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Song Liu
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Martin Nyachoti
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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19
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Rabani V, Cheatsazan H, Davani S. Proteomics and Lipidomics of Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) and Blow Fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Larvae. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2019; 19:5523071. [PMID: 31237955 PMCID: PMC6592434 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iez050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Farming insects has recently emerged as a new source of protein and lipid production. To date, research has mostly focused on food applications of insects. Focusing on nonfood potential of oil and proteins of insects, high-throughput studies of insect lipids and proteins are needed. We performed proteomics and lipidomics investigation on black soldier fly (Hermitia illucens) and blow fly (Lucilia sericata) larvae to investigate new potential and applications. We used mass spectrometry for proteomics and lipidomics analysis of control and treated larvae. Treatment was performed by incubation with a biological decomposer. We provide the list of all fatty acids with their concentration in control and treated larvae. This result showed high levels of lauric acid in black soldier fly, which could even increase after biological decomposition. Proteomics analysis showed the presence of proteins like collagen of cosmetic interest, and proteins with antimicrobial properties such as phenoloxidases and enzymatic activities, such as amylase and trypsin. Insects harbor high potential for nonfood usage as additives, antimicrobial effects, and even pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. These data open avenues for future research in pharmacological and cosmetic approaches to find new molecules of interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Rabani
- UBFC, EA 3920 UFR Santé, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Besançon, France
| | - Hamed Cheatsazan
- UBFC, EA 3920 UFR Santé, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Besançon, France
| | - Siamak Davani
- UBFC, EA 3920 UFR Santé, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Besançon, France
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Clinique et Toxicologie, CHU de Besançon, Boulevard Fleming, Besançon, France
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
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20
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Lin S, Yang X, Yuan P, Yang J, Wang P, Zhong H, Zhang X, Che L, Feng B, Li J, Zhuo Y, Lin Y, Xu S, Wu D, Burrin DG, Fang Z. Undernutrition Shapes the Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Profile in Association with Altered Gut-Liver FXR Signaling in Weaning Pigs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3691-3701. [PMID: 30864445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids, synthesized in the liver and metabolized by microbiota, have emerged as important signaling molecules regulating immune responses and cell proliferation. However, the crosstalk among nutrition, microbiota, and bile acids remains unclear. Our study indicated that undernutrition in weaning piglets led to intestinal atrophy, increased colonic production, and systemic accumulation of lithocholic acid (LCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), or their conjugated forms, which might be associated with decreased Lactobacillus abundance. Moreover, undernutrition led to increased portal fibroblast growth factor 19 ( FGF19) level, upregulated hepatic heterodimer partner ( SHP), and downregulated cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase ( CYP7A1) expression. The detrimental effects of DCA and LCA on proliferation and barrier function were confirmed in porcine enterocytes, whereas their roles in weaning piglets warrant further research. In summary, undernutrition in weaning piglets led to increased secondary bile acids production, which might be related to altered gut microbiome and enhanced farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling while CYP7A1 expression was suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
| | - Peiqiang Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiameng Yang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
| | - Heju Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
| | - Douglas G Burrin
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu 611130 , People's Republic of China
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21
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Muñoz-Bonilla A, Echeverria C, Sonseca Á, Arrieta MP, Fernández-García M. Bio-Based Polymers with Antimicrobial Properties towards Sustainable Development. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E641. [PMID: 30791651 PMCID: PMC6416599 DOI: 10.3390/ma12040641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This article concisely reviews the most recent contributions to the development of sustainable bio-based polymers with antimicrobial properties. This is because some of the main problems that humanity faces, nowadays and in the future, are climate change and bacterial multi-resistance. Therefore, scientists are trying to provide solutions to these problems. In an attempt to organize these antimicrobial sustainable materials, we have classified them into the main families; i.e., polysaccharides, proteins/polypeptides, polyesters, and polyurethanes. The review then summarizes the most recent antimicrobial aspects of these sustainable materials with antimicrobial performance considering their main potential applications in the biomedical field and in the food industry. Furthermore, their use in other fields, such as water purification and coating technology, is also described. Finally, some concluding remarks will point out the promise of this theme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Coro Echeverria
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Águeda Sonseca
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marina P Arrieta
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Av. Complutense s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Fernández-García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Omonijo FA, Liu S, Hui Q, Zhang H, Lahaye L, Bodin JC, Gong J, Nyachoti M, Yang C. Thymol Improves Barrier Function and Attenuates Inflammatory Responses in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells during Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Inflammation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:615-624. [PMID: 30567427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that essential oil thymol exhibits antibacterial activity. The protective effects of thymol on pig intestine during inflammation is yet to be investigated. In this study, an in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model using IPEC-J2 cells was established. Cells were pretreated with thymol for 1 h and then exposed to LPS for various assays. Interleukin 8 (IL-8) secretion, the mRNA abundance of cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nutrient transporters, and tight junction proteins was measured. The results showed that LPS stimulation increased IL-8 secretion, ROS production, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) mRNA abundance ( P < 0.05), but the mRNA abundance of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1), excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAC1), and H+/peptide cotransporter 1 (PepT1) were decreased ( P < 0.05). Thymol blocked ROS production ( P < 0.05) and tended to decrease the production of LPS-induced IL-8 secretion ( P = 0.0766). The mRNA abundance of IL-8 and TNF-α was reduced by thymol pretreatment ( P < 0.05), but thymol did not improve the gene expression of nutrient transporters ( P > 0.05). The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was reduced and cell permeability increased by LPS treatment ( P < 0.05), but these effects were attenuated by thymol ( P < 0.05). Moreover, thymol increased zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and actin staining in the cells. However, the mRNA abundance of ZO-1 and occludin-3 was not affected by either LPS or thymol treatments. These results indicated that thymol enhances barrier function and reduce ROS production and pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in the epithelial cells during inflammation. The regulation of barrier function by thymol and LPS may be at post-transcriptional or post-translational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith A Omonijo
- Department of Animal Science , University of Manitoba , 12 Dafoe Road , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3T 2N2 , Canada
| | - Shangxi Liu
- Department of Animal Science , University of Manitoba , 12 Dafoe Road , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3T 2N2 , Canada
| | - Qianru Hui
- Department of Animal Science , University of Manitoba , 12 Dafoe Road , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3T 2N2 , Canada
| | - Hua Zhang
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 93 Stone Road West , Guelph , Ontario N1G 5C9 , Canada
| | - Ludovic Lahaye
- Jefo Nutrition Inc. , Saint-Hyacinthe , Quebec J2S 7B6 , Canada
| | | | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 93 Stone Road West , Guelph , Ontario N1G 5C9 , Canada
| | - Martin Nyachoti
- Department of Animal Science , University of Manitoba , 12 Dafoe Road , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3T 2N2 , Canada
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science , University of Manitoba , 12 Dafoe Road , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3T 2N2 , Canada
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