1
|
Chen J, Yin J, Xie H, Lu W, Wang H, Zhao J, Zhu J. Mannan-oligosaccharides promote gut microecological recovery after antibiotic disturbance. Food Funct 2024; 15:3810-3823. [PMID: 38511344 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00332b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic treatment often causes collateral damage to the gut microbiota, including changes in its diversity and composition. Dietary fiber helps maintain intestinal health, regulate short-chain fatty acids, and promote the recovery of the intestinal microbiome. However, it is currently unknown which specific plant-based dietary fiber is optimal as a dietary supplement for restoring the intestinal microbiota after antibiotic disturbance. Previously, we proposed predictive recovery-associated bacterial species (p-RABs) and identified the most important interventions. This study aimed to identify an optimal form of dietary fiber to recover the gut microbiome after antibiotic treatment. Therefore, we examined the types of dietary fibers associated with p-RABs through a p-RAB-metabolite bilayer network constructed from prior knowledge; we searched for dietary fiber that could provide nutritional support for Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides uniformis. C57BL/6J mice were fed with 500 mg kg-1 of different types of dietary fibers daily for one week after being treated with ampicillin. The results showed that mannan-oligosaccharides could better promote the diversity of intestinal microbial growth, enhance the recovery of most genera, including Akkermansia and Bacteroides, and inhibit certain pathogenic bacteria, such as Proteus, compared to the other fiber types. Furthermore, mannan-oligosaccharides could regulate the levels of short-chain fatty acids, especially butyric acid. Functional predictions showed that starch metabolism, galactose metabolism, and the metabolism of other carbohydrates played key roles in the early recovery process. In conclusion, mannan-oligosaccharides could enhance the recovery of the intestinal microbiome after antibiotic treatment, offering valuable insights for targeted dietary strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jialin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Heqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, China
| | - Jinlin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fernández-Bautista M, Martínez-Gómez S, Rivas S, Alonso JL, Parajó JC. Advances on Cellulose Manufacture in Biphasic Reaction Media. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12404. [PMID: 37569779 PMCID: PMC10418468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose is produced industrially by the kraft and sulfite processes. The evolution of these technologies in biorefineries is driven by the need to obtain greater added value through the efficient use of raw materials and energy. In this field, organosolv technologies (and within them, those using liquid phases made up of water and one partly miscible organic solvent, known as "biphasic fractionation" in reference to the number of liquid phases) represent an alternative that is receiving increasing interest. This study considers basic aspects of the composition of lignocellulosic materials, describes the fundamentals of industrial cellulose pulp production processes, introduces the organosolv methods, and comprehensively reviews published results on organosolv fractionation based on the use of media containing water and an immiscible solvent (1-butanol, 1-pentanol or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran). Special attention is devoted to aspects related to cellulose recovery and fractionation selectivity, measured through the amount and composition of the treated solids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Fernández-Bautista
- Faculty of Science, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (S.M.-G.); (S.R.); (J.L.A.)
- CINBIO, University of Vigo (Campus Lagoas-Marcosende), 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Sergio Martínez-Gómez
- Faculty of Science, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (S.M.-G.); (S.R.); (J.L.A.)
- CINBIO, University of Vigo (Campus Lagoas-Marcosende), 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Sandra Rivas
- Faculty of Science, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (S.M.-G.); (S.R.); (J.L.A.)
- CINBIO, University of Vigo (Campus Lagoas-Marcosende), 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - José Luis Alonso
- Faculty of Science, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (S.M.-G.); (S.R.); (J.L.A.)
- CINBIO, University of Vigo (Campus Lagoas-Marcosende), 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Parajó
- Faculty of Science, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (S.M.-G.); (S.R.); (J.L.A.)
- CINBIO, University of Vigo (Campus Lagoas-Marcosende), 36310 Vigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2017-2018. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:227-431. [PMID: 34719822 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2018. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to glycan and glycoprotein analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, new methods, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and the use of arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Most of the applications are presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and highlights the impact that MALDI imaging is having across a range of diciplines. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and the range of applications continue steady progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gut microbiome and aging nexus and underlying mechanism. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5349-5358. [PMID: 35882675 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
According to the United Nations population profile, the number of individuals aged 60 and over in high-income nations is expected to rise from 302 million to over 366 million between 2019 and 2030, so there is an increasing emphasis on nutrition and health in older people. Numerous studies have demonstrated the crucial role that gut microbiota plays in maintaining human health. As a model of healthy aging, centenarians have different gut microbiota from ordinary elderly people. The core microbiome of centenarians in various countries has shown some common characteristics, which are worth further exploration. In this review, the significance of the human gut microbiota to health is briefly discussed, and the characteristics of the gut microbiota of long-lived senior persons of different ages and in different countries are described. Moreover, this review lists dietary interventions and fecal microbiota transplantation. In the end, it discusses the pros and cons of using probiotics to enhance the health of seniors through focused management of the gut microbiota. It aims to pave the way for further investigation into the nexus between gut microbiota, probiotics, and longevity, and then to reveal the underlying mechanism to promote longevity. KEY POINTS: • Gut microbial structure in different age groups and the characteristics of gut microbiota in centenarians. • Dietary interventions, fecal transplants, and probiotics target the modulation of gut microbiota for healthy aging.
Collapse
|
5
|
Supplementation of xylo-oligosaccharides to suckling piglets promotes the growth of fiber-degrading gut bacterial populations during the lactation and nursery periods. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11594. [PMID: 35804098 PMCID: PMC9270449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15963-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulating early-life microbial colonization through xylo-oligosacharides (XOS) supplementation represents an opportunity to accelerate the establishment of fiber-degrading microbial populations and improve intestinal health. Ninety piglets from 15 litters were orally administered once a day from d7 to d27 of lactation with either 5 mL of water (CON) or 5 mL of a solution containing 30 to 60 mg of XOS (XOS). Supplementation ceased at weaning (d28) when all piglets were fed the same commercial pre-starter diet. Growth performance did not differ between treatments during the experimental period (d7 to d40). Piglet’s fecal microbiota (n = 30) shifted significantly from the end of lactation (d27) to nursery period (d40) exhibiting an increase in microbial alpha diversity. Animals supplemented with XOS showed higher richness and abundance of fiber-degrading bacteria and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production at d27 and d40. Additionally, the predicted abundance of the pyruvate to butanoate fermentation pathway was increased in the XOS group at d40. These results show that supplementation of XOS to lactating piglets promotes fiber-degrading bacterial populations in their hindgut. Moreover, differences observed in the nursery period suggest that XOS can influence the microbiota in the long-term.
Collapse
|
6
|
Remón J, Sevilla-Gasca R, Frecha E, Pinilla JL, Suelves I. Direct conversion of almond waste into value-added liquids using carbon-neutral catalysts: Hydrothermal hydrogenation of almond hulls over a Ru/CNF catalyst. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:154044. [PMID: 35202688 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The almond industry leaves behind substantial amounts of by-products, with almond hulls being the primary residue generated. Given that one way to improve food security is by decreasing waste to reduce environmental impacts, developing sustainable processes to manage this by-product is necessary. Herein, we report on the hydrothermal hydrogenation of almond hulls over a carbon-neutral Ru supported on carbon nanofibres (Ru/CNF) catalyst, addressing the temperature, H2 pressure, time and catalyst loading. These variables controlled the distribution of the reaction products: gas (0-5%), liquid (49-82%) and solid (13-51%), and ruled the composition of the liquid effluent. This aqueous fraction comprised oligomers (46-81 wt%), saccharides (2-7 wt%), sugar alcohols (2-15 wt%), polyhydric alcohols (1-8 wt%) and carboxylic acids (7-31 wt%). The temperature and reaction time influenced the extension of hydrolysis, depolymerisation, deamination, hydrolysis, hydrogenation and dehydration reactions. Additionally, the initial H2 pressure and catalyst loading kinetically promoted these transformations, whose extensions were ruled by the amount of H2 effectively dissolved in the reaction medium and the prevalence of hydrogenations over dehydration/decarboxylation reactions or vice versa depending on the catalyst loading. Process optimisation revealed that it is feasible to convert up to 67% of almond hulls into merchantable oligomers at 230 °C, 35 bar initial H2, using 1 g catalyst/g biomass (0.4 g Ru/g biomass) for 360 min. Additionally, decreasing the temperature to 187 °C without modifying the other parameters could convert this material into oligomers (31 wt%) and small oxygenates (17 wt% carboxylic acids, 11 wt% sugar alcohols and 6 wt% polyhydric alcohols) concurrently. The theoretical energy assessment revealed that the total and partial combustion of the spent solid material could provide the required energy for the process and allow catalyst recovery and reutilisation. This environmental friendliness and holistic features exemplify a landmark step-change to valorising unavoidable food waste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Remón
- Instituto de Carboquímica, CSIC, C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Raquel Sevilla-Gasca
- Instituto de Carboquímica, CSIC, C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Esther Frecha
- Instituto de Carboquímica, CSIC, C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Luis Pinilla
- Instituto de Carboquímica, CSIC, C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel Suelves
- Instituto de Carboquímica, CSIC, C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ye Y, Liu Y, Cheng K, Wu Z, Zhang P, Zhang X. Effects of Intestinal Flora on Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Therapeutic Significance of Polysaccharides. Front Nutr 2022; 9:810453. [PMID: 35634403 PMCID: PMC9131006 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.810453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the relevant research on intestinal flora has been in full swing, and it has become an extremely important research direction in clinical medicine and life science. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disease characterized by changes in intestinal function and accompanied by comorbid anxiety. At present, the pathogenic mechanism of IBS is not yet clear. The gut-brain axis (GBA), as a two-way information exchange system between the gut and the brain, has an important influence on the prevention of IBS. Present studies have shown that polysaccharides are important for maintaining the steady status of intestinal micro-environment. This review summarized the relationship between intestinal flora, GBA and immune activation, and provided a new idea for the preventive treatment of IBS from the perspective of polysaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ye
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Kejun Cheng
- Chemical Biology Center, Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Student Affairs, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Effects of konjac glucomannan with different molecular weights on gut microflora with antibiotic perturbance in in vitro fecal fermentation. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118546. [PMID: 34560958 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of konjac glucomannan (KGM) of different molecular weight on fecal microflora against antibiotic disturbance. KGM (~1.8 × 107 Da) was partially hydrolysed with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) for 10 and 60 min to KGM1 (~2.1 × 104 Da) and KGM2 (7413 Da), respectively. The acid treatment caused significant reduction of intrinsic viscosity, average molecular weight (MW) and particle size of KGM, but brought limited change to the molecular structure. Low-MW KGM2 showed the most significant effect on fecal microflora in the presence of two common antibiotics (ampicillin and clindamycin), by increasing the relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae while decreasing the proportion of Enterobacteriaceae. Additionally, both the native and acid-treated KGM counteracted the adverse influence of antibiotics on the production of short chain fatty acids. The results have demonstrated the effect of KGM on gut microbiota with antibiotic disturbance.
Collapse
|
9
|
Míguez B, Gullón P, Cotos-Yáñez T, Massot-Cladera M, Pérez-Cano FJ, Vila C, Alonso JL. Manufacture and Prebiotic Potential of Xylooligosaccharides Derived From Eucalyptus nitens Wood. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2021.670440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixtures of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) were manufactured from Eucalyptus nitens samples by hydrothermal processing. In order to obtain a product suitable to be used as a prebiotic, the liquors obtained were subjected to a refining sequence consisting of a two-step membrane filtration followed by anion exchange and freeze-drying. The process proposed allowed to obtain a highly refined product mainly made up of a mixture of substituted XOS with a degree of polymerization, DP3–10, which was evaluated for its prebiotic potential by in vitro fermentation assays. Their effects on the microbiota composition and the metabolic activity were assessed along the fermentation time and compared to fructooligosaccharides (FOS, a gold standard prebiotic), using fecal inocula from donors belonging to two age-groups (young and elderly). Significant and similar increases were observed in most of the bacterial groups considered (including Bifidobacterium spp. or several butyrate-producers) in both XOS and FOS in vitro interventions, although XOS resulted in significantly higher increases in total bacteria and lower rises in Clostridium clusters I and II than FOS. Regarding the metabolic activity, higher amounts of total organic acid (TOA; 150 vs. 110 mM) and higher total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)/TOA ratio (0.88 vs. 0.70 mol/mol) were achieved at 28 h using XOS as a carbon source in comparison with FOS. Moreover, both substrates resulted in different metabolite profiles. Higher percentages of acetate and propionate were achieved when XOS were used as substrates, whereas FOS resulted in slightly higher concentrations of butyrate. No differences were found between both age-groups. Taking together these results, it can be concluded that XOS produced from E. nitens by a biorefinery-based approach led to, at least, similar prebiotic activity as that observed with FOS.
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu J, Liu W, Wu J, Wang W, Wang Z, Yu X, Zhang H, Zhu L, Zhan X. Metabolic profiles of oligosaccharides derived from four microbial polysaccharides by faecal inocula from type 2 diabetes patients. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 72:1083-1094. [PMID: 33870850 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1908964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In vitro digestion of curdlan oligosaccharides (COSs), pullulan oligosaccharides (POSs), xanthan gum oligosaccharides (XGOSs) and gellan gum oligosaccharides (GGOSs) was investigated. These four oligosaccharides showed resistance to simulated saliva and gastric and small intestinal fluid. In further fermentation with faecal microbiota from healthy subjects and type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, COS fermentation significantly increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. and the production of short-chain fatty acids in healthy and T2D groups. Digestion of XGOS enhanced the growth of the Clostridium leptum subgroup and significantly increased butyric acid production in healthy and T2D groups. Sole fermentation with COS, POS, XGOS and GGOS exhibited different metabolic profiles between healthy and T2D groups, and more small molecule polyols were produced in the T2D group than in the healthy group. This study provides a novel perspective on the reconstruction of gut microbiota and metabolism by POS, COS, GGOS and XGOS intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Weibao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianrong Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Wuxi Second People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | | | - Xun Yu
- Wuxi Second People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Wuxi Galaxy Biotech Co. Ltd., Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaobei Zhan
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fassarella M, Blaak EE, Penders J, Nauta A, Smidt H, Zoetendal EG. Gut microbiome stability and resilience: elucidating the response to perturbations in order to modulate gut health. Gut 2021; 70:595-605. [PMID: 33051190 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem, densely colonised by thousands of microbial species. It varies among individuals and depends on host genotype and environmental factors, such as diet and antibiotics. In this review, we focus on stability and resilience as essential ecological characteristics of the gut microbiome and its relevance for human health. Microbial diversity, metabolic flexibility, functional redundancy, microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions seem to be critical for maintaining resilience. The equilibrium of the gut ecosystem can be disrupted by perturbations, such as antibiotic therapy, causing significant decreases in functional richness and microbial diversity as well as impacting metabolic health. As a consequence, unbalanced states or even unhealthy stable states can develop, potentially leading to or supporting diseases. Accordingly, strategies have been developed to manipulate the gut microbiome in order to prevent or revert unhealthy states caused by perturbations, including faecal microbiota transplantation, supplementation with probiotics or non-digestible carbohydrates, and more extensive dietary modifications. Nevertheless, an increasing number of studies has evidenced interindividual variability in extent and direction of response to diet and perturbations, which has been attributed to the unique characteristics of each individual's microbiome. From a clinical, translational perspective, the ability to improve resilience of the gut microbial ecosystem prior to perturbations, or to restore its equilibrium afterwards, would offer significant benefits. To be effective, this therapeutic approach will likely need a personalised or subgroup-based understanding of individual genetics, diet, gut microbiome and other environmental factors that might be involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fassarella
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - John Penders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Nauta
- FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin G Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen M, Liu S, Imam KMSU, Sun L, Wang Y, Gu T, Wen B, Xin F. The Effect of Xylooligosaccharide, Xylan, and Whole Wheat Bran on the Human Gut Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:568457. [PMID: 33424778 PMCID: PMC7794011 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.568457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat bran is a cereal rich in dietary fibers that have high levels of ferulic acid, which has prebiotic effects on the intestinal microbiota and the host. Herein we explored the effect of xylooligosaccharide, xylan, and whole wheat bran on the human gut bacteria and screened for potential ferulic acid esterase genes. Using in vitro fermentation, we analyzed the air pressure, pH-value, and short-chain fatty acid levels. We also performed 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing. A Venn diagram analysis revealed that 80% of the core operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were shared among the samples, and most of the xylooligosaccharide treatment core OTUs (319/333 OTUs) were shared with the other two treatments’ core OTUs. A significant difference analysis revealed that the relative abundance of Dorea, Bilophila, and Sulfurovum in wheat bran treatment was higher than that in xylan and xylooligosaccharide treatments. The clusters of orthologous groups of proteins functional composition of all samples was similar to the microbiota composition of the control. Using metagenomic sequencing, we revealed seven genes containing the conserved residues, Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly, and the catalytic triad, Ser-His-Asp, which are thus potential ferulic acid esterase genes. All the results indicate that xylan and/or xylooligosaccharide, the main dietary fibers in wheat bran, plays a major role in in vitro fermentation by the human gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shujun Liu
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Khandaker Md Sharif Uddin Imam
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lichao Sun
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulu Wang
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Gu
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boting Wen
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengjiao Xin
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The modulatory effect of plant polysaccharides on gut flora and the implication for neurodegenerative diseases from the perspective of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1484-1492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
14
|
Álvarez C, González A, Alonso JL, Sáez F, Negro MJ, Gullón B. Xylooligosaccharides from steam-exploded barley straw: Structural features and assessment of bifidogenic properties. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
15
|
Liu S, Gao J, Zhu M, Liu K, Zhang HL. Gut Microbiota and Dysbiosis in Alzheimer's Disease: Implications for Pathogenesis and Treatment. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:5026-5043. [PMID: 32829453 PMCID: PMC7541367 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how gut flora influences gut-brain communications has been the subject of significant research over the past decade. The broadening of the term “microbiota-gut-brain axis” from “gut-brain axis” underscores a bidirectional communication system between the gut and the brain. The microbiota-gut-brain axis involves metabolic, endocrine, neural, and immune pathways which are crucial for the maintenance of brain homeostasis. Alterations in the composition of gut microbiota are associated with multiple neuropsychiatric disorders. Although a causal relationship between gut dysbiosis and neural dysfunction remains elusive, emerging evidence indicates that gut dysbiosis may promote amyloid-beta aggregation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Illustration of the mechanisms underlying the regulation by gut microbiota may pave the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies for AD. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of gut microbiota and their dysregulation in the pathogenesis of AD. Novel insights into the modification of gut microbiota composition as a preventive or therapeutic approach for AD are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jiguo Gao
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mingqin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71, Changchun, 130021, China.,Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Neurology and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kangding Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Hong-Liang Zhang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Shuangqing Road 83, Beijing, 100085, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang F, He F, Li L, Guo L, Zhang B, Yu S, Zhao W. Bioavailability Based on the Gut Microbiota: a New Perspective. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2020; 84:e00072-19. [PMID: 32350027 PMCID: PMC7194497 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00072-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The substantial discrepancy between the strong effects of functional foods and various drugs, especially traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), and the poor bioavailability of these substances remains a perplexing problem. Understanding the gut microbiota, which acts as an effective bioreactor in the human intestinal tract, provides an opportunity for the redefinition of bioavailability. Here, we discuss four different pathways associated with the role of the gut microbiota in the transformation of parent compounds to beneficial or detrimental small molecules, which can enter the body's circulatory system and be available to target cells, tissues, and organs. We further describe and propose effective strategies for improving bioavailability and alleviating side effects with the help of the gut microbiota. This review also broadens our perspectives for the discovery of new medicinal components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Wuxi Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lichun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhuai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Le B, Yang S. Production of prebiotic xylooligosaccharide from aqueous ammonia‐pretreated rice straw by β‐xylosidase of
Weissella cibaria. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:1861-1868. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Le
- Department of Biotechnology Chonnam National University Yeosu, Chonnam Republic of Korea
| | - S.H. Yang
- Department of Biotechnology Chonnam National University Yeosu, Chonnam Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
A Small In Vitro Fermentation Model for Screening the Gut Microbiota Effects of Different Fiber Preparations. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081925. [PMID: 31003566 PMCID: PMC6514940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of prebiotic fibers requires fast high-throughput screening of their effects on the gut microbiota. We demonstrated the applicability of a mictotiter plate in the in vitro fermentation models for the screening of potentially-prebiotic dietary fibers. The effects of seven rye bran-, oat- and linseed-derived fiber preparations on the human fecal microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid production were studied. The model was also used to study whether fibers can alleviate the harmful effects of amoxicillin-clavulanate on the microbiota. The antibiotic induced a shift in the bacterial community in the absence of fibers by decreasing the relative amounts of Bifidobacteriaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, and increasing proteobacterial Sutterilaceae levels from 1% to 11% of the total microbiota. The fermentation of rye bran, enzymatically treated rye bran, its insoluble fraction, soluble oat fiber and a mixture of rye fiber:soluble oat fiber:linseed resulted in a significant increase in butyrate production and a bifidogenic effect in the absence of the antibiotic. These fibers were also able to counteract the negative effects of the antibiotic and prevent the decrease in the relative amount of bifidobacteria. Insoluble and soluble rye bran fractions and soluble oat fiber were the best for controlling the level of proteobacteria at the level below 2%.
Collapse
|
19
|
Sun J, Liu S, Ling Z, Wang F, Ling Y, Gong T, Fang N, Ye S, Si J, Liu J. Fructooligosaccharides Ameliorating Cognitive Deficits and Neurodegeneration in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice through Modulating Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3006-3017. [PMID: 30816709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is closely related to gut microbial alteration. Prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS) play major roles by regulating gut microbiota. The present study aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of FOS protection against AD via regulating gut microbiota. Male Apse/PSEN 1dE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic (Tg) mice were administrated with FOS for 6 weeks. Cognitive deficits and amyloid deposition were evaluated. The levels of synaptic plasticity markers including postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) and synapsin I, as well as phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), were determined. The intestinal microbial constituent was detected by 16S rRNA sequencing. Moreover, the levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the gut and GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in the brain were measured. The results indicated that FOS treatment ameliorated cognitive deficits and pathological changes in the Tg mice. FOS significantly upregulated the expression levels of synapsin I and PSD-95, as well as decreased phosphorylated level of JNK. The sequencing results showed that FOS reversed the altered microbial composition. Furthermore, FOS increased the level of GLP-1 and decreased the level of GLP-1R in the Tg mice. These findings indicated that FOS exerted beneficial effects against AD via regulating the gut microbiota-GLP-1/GLP-1R pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Neurology , the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325027 , China
| | - Suzhi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Taizhou Hospital , Wenzhou Medical University , 150# Ximen Road , Linhai District, Taizhou 317000 , Zhejiang China
| | - Zongxin Ling
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310003 , China
| | - Fangyan Wang
- Departments of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325035 , China
| | - Yi Ling
- Department of Neurology , the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325027 , China
| | - Tianyu Gong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325035 , China
| | - Na Fang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325035 , China
| | - Shiqing Ye
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325035 , China
| | - Jue Si
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325035 , China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Department of Neurology , the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325027 , China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325035 , China
| |
Collapse
|