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Xu J, Huang Y, Wei Y, Weng X, Wei X. Study on the Interaction Mechanism of Theaflavin with Whey Protein: Multi-Spectroscopy Analysis and Molecular Docking. Foods 2023; 12:1637. [PMID: 37107433 PMCID: PMC10137913 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction mechanism of whey proteins with theaflavin (TF1) in black tea was analyzed using multi-spectroscopy analysis and molecular docking simulations. The influence of TF1 on the structure of bovine serum albumin (BSA), β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg), and α-lactoalbumin (α-La) was examined in this work using the interaction of TF1 with these proteins. Fluorescence and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy revealed that TF1 could interact with BSA, β-Lg and α-La through a static quenching mechanism. Furthermore, circular dichroism (CD) experiments revealed that TF1 altered the secondary structure of BSA, β-Lg and α-La. Molecular docking demonstrated that the interaction of TF1 with BSA/β-Lg/α-La was dominated by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction. The binding energies were -10.1 kcal mol-1, -8.4 kcal mol-1 and -10.4 kcal mol-1, respectively. The results provide a theoretical basis for investigating the mechanism of interaction between tea pigments and protein. Moreover, the findings offered technical support for the future development of functional foods that combine tea active ingredients with milk protein. Future research will focus on the effects of food processing methods and different food systems on the interaction between TF1 and whey protein, as well as the physicochemical stability, functional characteristics, and bioavailability of the complexes in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yi Huang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yang Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinchu Weng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xinlin Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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2
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An In Vitro Catalysis of Tea Polyphenols by Polyphenol Oxidase. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041722. [PMID: 36838710 PMCID: PMC9959171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea polyphenol (TPs) oxidation caused by polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in manufacturing is responsible for the sensory characteristics and health function of fermented tea, therefore, this subject is rich in scientific and commercial interests. In this work, an in vitro catalysis of TPs in liquid nitrogen grinding of sun-dried green tea leaves by PPO was developed, and the changes in metabolites were analyzed by metabolomics. A total of 441 metabolites were identified in the catalyzed tea powder and control check samples, which were classified into 11 classes, including flavonoids (125 metabolites), phenolic acids (67 metabolites), and lipids (55 metabolites). The relative levels of 28 metabolites after catalysis were decreased significantly (variable importance in projection (VIP) > 1.0, p < 0.05, and fold change (FC) < 0.5)), while the relative levels of 45 metabolites, including theaflavin, theaflavin-3'-gallate, theaflavin-3-gallate, and theaflavin 3,3'-digallate were increased significantly (VIP > 1.0, p < 0.05, and FC > 2). The increase in theaflavins was associated with the polymerization of catechins catalyzed by PPO. This work provided an in vitro method for the study of the catalysis of enzymes in tea leaves.
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3
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Yang Y, Chen Y, Wu JH, Ren Y, Liu B, Zhang Y, Yu H. Targeting regulated cell death with plant natural compounds for cancer therapy: A revisited review of apoptosis, autophagy-dependent cell death, and necroptosis. Phytother Res 2023; 37:1488-1525. [PMID: 36717200 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) refers to programmed cell death regulated by various protein molecules, such as apoptosis, autophagy-dependent cell death, and necroptosis. Accumulating evidence has recently revealed that RCD subroutines have several links to many types of human cancer; therefore, targeting RCD with pharmacological small-molecule compounds would be a promising therapeutic strategy. Moreover, plant natural compounds, small-molecule compounds synthesized from plant sources, and their derivatives have been widely reported to regulate different RCD subroutines to improve potential cancer therapy. Thus, in this review, we focus on updating the intricate mechanisms of apoptosis, autophagy-dependent cell death, and necroptosis in cancer. Moreover, we further discuss several representative plant natural compounds and their derivatives that regulate the above-mentioned three subroutines of RCD, and their potential as candidate small-molecule drugs for the future cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanmei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueting Ren
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerity Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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4
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Liang S, Wang F, Chen J, Granato D, Li L, Yin JF, Xu YQ. Optimization of a tannase-assisted process for obtaining teas rich in theaflavins from Camelia sinensis leaves. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100203. [PMID: 35499033 PMCID: PMC9039937 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed at optimizing the extraction of theaflavins for the development of a potentially functional tea beverage using different technological parameters as factors. Green tea leaves treated with tannase provided a beverage with significant higher amount (4.7-fold) of theaflavin (TF) compared to the pure withered leaf fermentation. For black tea, the optimized process conditions to produce a beverage with high TF (0.269 μg/mL) concentration were: 6 g of leaves/400 mL, a low fermentation temperature of 25 °C with the absence of buffer and pH control, an intermediate fermentation time (60 min) and a relatively low aeration rate (0.8-1.0 L/min). The tea liquid produced under optimized fermentation conditions appears to be ideal for making a black tea beverage with surplus summer tea leaves and brings economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Daniel Granato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Lijun Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jun-Feng Yin
- Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Yong-Quan Xu
- Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China
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5
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Can M, Sahiner M, Sahiner N. Colloidal bioactive nanospheres prepared from natural biomolecules, catechin and L-lysine. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-02941-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Luo T, Jiang JG. Anticancer Effects and Molecular Target of Theaflavins from Black Tea Fermentation in Vitro and in Vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15052-15065. [PMID: 34878780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Black tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world, and numerous epidemiological studies have shown that drinking black tea is good for health. As a natural tea pigment formed during the fermentation of black tea, the content of theaflavins accounts for only 2-6% of the dry weight of black tea, but they have a great impact on the color and taste of black tea soup. Recently, a large number of studies have shown that theaflavins have a significant anticancer effect. In this Perspective, we first state the physical and chemical properties, separation and purification methods, and biological formation pathways of theaflavins and analyze their safety and oral bioavailability and the structure-activity relationship of their antioxidant and anticancer activities; then, we describe in detail their anticancer effect in vitro and in vivo and highlight their various molecular targets involved in cancer inhibition. The anticancer molecular targets of theaflavins are mainly cell-cycle regulatory proteins, apoptosis-related proteins, cell-migration-related proteins, and growth transcription factors. Finally, the possibility of developing new health-care food based on theaflavins is discussed. This Perspective is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the anticancer application of theaflavins in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Luo
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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7
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Shan Z, Nisar MF, Li M, Zhang C, Wan C(C. Theaflavin Chemistry and Its Health Benefits. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6256618. [PMID: 34804369 PMCID: PMC8601833 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6256618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Huge epidemiological and clinical studies have confirmed that black tea is a rich source of health-promoting ingredients, such as catechins and theaflavins (TFs). Furthermore, TF derivatives mainly include theaflavin (TF1), theaflavin-3-gallate (TF2A), theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF2B), and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF3). All of these TFs exhibit extensive usages in pharmaceutics, foods, and traditional medication systems. Various indepth studies reported that how TFs modulates health effects in cellular and molecular mechanisms. The available literature regarding the pharmacological activities of TFs has revealed that TF3 has remarkable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antiobesity, antiosteoporotic, and antimicrobial properties, thus posing significant effects on human health. The current manuscript summarizes both the chemistry and various pharmacological effects of TFs on human health, lifestyle or aging associated diseases, and populations of gut microbiota. Furthermore, the biological potential of TFs has also been focused to provide a deeper understanding of its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Shan
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Pu'er University, Pu'er 665099, China
| | - Muhammad Farrukh Nisar
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS), Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mingxi Li
- Research Center of Tea and Tea Culture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Pu'er University, Pu'er 665099, China
| | - Chunpeng (Craig) Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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8
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Abstract
Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), the most widely diagnosed cancer in the United States, is rising in incidence despite public health and educational campaigns that highlight the importance of sun avoidance. It is,therefore, important to establish other modifiable risk factors that may be contributing to this increase. There is a growing body of evidence in the literature suggesting certain nutrients may have protective or harmful effects on NMSC. We review the current literature on nutrition and its effect on NMSC with a focus on dietary fat, vitamin A, nicotinamide, folate, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, polyphenols, and selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Stoj
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Neda Shahriari
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kimberly Shao
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
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9
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Zheng X, Feng M, Wan J, Shi Y, Xie X, Pan W, Hu B, Wang Y, Wen H, Wang K, Cai S. Anti-damage effect of theaflavin-3'-gallate from black tea on UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells by photoprotection and maintaining cell homeostasis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 224:112304. [PMID: 34536907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Keratinocytes are rich in lipids and are the main sensitive cells to ultraviolet (UV) rays. Theaflavins are the core functional components of black tea and are known as the "soft gold" in tea. In this study, ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation caused apoptosis and necrosis of human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT). EGCG and the four theaflavins had anti-UVB damage activity, among which theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF3'G) had the best activity. The results of biophysical and molecular biology experiments showed that TF3'G has anti-damage effects on UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells through the dual effects of photoprotection and maintenance of cell homeostasis. That is, TF3'G preincubation could absorb UV rays, reduce the accumulation of aging-related heterochromatin (SAHF) formation, increase mitochondrial membrane potential, downregulate NF-κB inflammation pathways, inhibit the formation of cytotoxic aggregates, and protect biological macromolecules Structure, etc. The accumulation of conjugated π bonds and the balance benzoquinone are the core functional structure of TF3'G with high efficiency and low toxicity. The study indicates that TF3'G has the potential to inhibit the photoaging and intrinsic aging of skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Meiyan Feng
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Juan Wan
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yulan Shi
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xinya Xie
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenjing Pan
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Baozhu Hu
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yingzi Wang
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Haitao Wen
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Kunbo Wang
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Shuxian Cai
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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10
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Qu F, Ai Z, Liu S, Zhang H, Chen Y, Wang Y, Ni D. Study on mechanism of low bioavailability of black tea theaflavins by using Caco-2 cell monolayer. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:1737-1747. [PMID: 34463173 PMCID: PMC8409943 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1949074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the bioavailability mechanism of theaflavins by using the Caco-2 monolayer in vitro model. Prior to the transport of theaflavin (TF), theaflavin-3-gallate (TF3G), theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF3'G), and theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate (TFDG), we found the cytotoxicity of theaflavins was in the order of TF3'G > TFDG > TF3G > TF, suggesting the galloyl moiety enhances the cytotoxicity of theaflavins. Meantime, the galloyl moiety made theaflavins unstable, with the stability in the order of TF > TFDG > TF3G/TF3'G. Four theaflavins showed poor bioavailability with the Papp values ranging from 0.44 × 10-7 to 3.64 × 10-7 cm/s in the absorptive transport. All the theaflavins showed an efflux ratio of over 1.24. And it is further confirmed that P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance associated proteins (MRPs) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) were all shown to contribute to the efflux transport of four theaflavins, with P-gp playing the most important role, followed by MRPs and BCRP. Moreover, theaflavins increased the expression of P-gp, MRP1, MPR3, and BCRP while decreased the expression of MRP2 at the transcription and translation levels. Additionally, the gallated theaflavins were degraded into simple theaflavins and gallic acids when transported through Caco-2 monolayers. Overall, the structural instability, efflux transporters, and cell metabolism were all responsible for the low bioavailability of four theaflavins in Caco-2 monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfeng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zeyi Ai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dejiang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Jiang Y, Jin W, Li J, Huang Q. Associations between caseinophosphopeptides and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate and their impact on cellular antioxidant activity. Food Funct 2021; 12:7390-7401. [PMID: 34190287 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01413g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Caseinophosphopeptides (CPPs) are a group of bioactive polypeptides hydrolyzed from caseins. Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF-3) is a characteristic biofunctional polyphenol in black tea. In the present study, the interactions between CPPs and TF-3 were systematically investigated with fluorescence quenching, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), circular dichroism (CD), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Both fluorescence quenching and QCM-D studies demonstrated that TF-3 interacted with CPPs primarily through hydrogen bonding. Other forces were also involved. The addition of TF-3 did not change the secondary structures and the radius of gyration of CPPs, but it induced the aggregation of CPPs. The size of the aggregates increased with the concentration of TF-3. The impact of the association between TF-3 and CPPs on the antioxidant activity of TF-3 was studied by the cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assay, which revealed that the cellular antioxidant activity of TF-3 was enhanced after binding to CPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Jiang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
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12
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Shi S, Ma B, Sun F, Qu C, An H. Theaflavin binds to a druggable pocket of TMEM16A channel and inhibits lung adenocarcinoma cell viability. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101016. [PMID: 34329684 PMCID: PMC8368026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As a calcium-activated chloride channel regulated by the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and membrane potential, TMEM16A has attracted considerable attention and has been proposed as a novel anticancer drug target. We have previously reported that the pocket above the ion conductance pore could be a nonselective inhibitor-binding pocket. However, whether this pocket is druggable remains unexplored. In this study, we performed virtual screening to target the presumed inhibitor-binding pocket and identified a highly effective TMEM16A inhibitor, theaflavin (TF: a tea polyphenol in black tea). Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that theaflavin adopts a "wedge insertion mode" to block the ion conduction pore and induces pore closure. Moreover, the binding mode showed that the TF pedestal plays an important role in pore blockade, and R515, R535, T539, K603, E623, and E633 were determined to be most likely to interact directly with the pedestal. Mutagenesis experiment results corroborated the mechanism through which TF binds to this pocket. Combined with the quantitative calculation results, our data indicated that the three hydroxyl groups on the pedestal may be the most crucial pharmacophores for TMEM16A inhibition by TF. Finally, antitumor experiments revealed that TF could target TMEM16A to inhibit the proliferation and migration of LA795 cells, indicating the potential therapeutic effect of TF on the growth of lung adenocarcinoma with high TMEM16A expression. The successful application of drug screening strategies based on this binding pocket highlights new directions for discovering superior modulators and contributes to the development of novel therapeutics for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Biao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Fude Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailong An
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China.
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13
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Gao J, Chu P, Liu C, Sun Z, Liu Q, Yang Y. Discovery and biological evaluation of a small-molecule inhibitor of CRM1 that suppresses the growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells. Traffic 2021; 22:221-229. [PMID: 34021516 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the nuclear export machinery mediated by chromosomal maintenance 1 (CRM1, also known as exportin-1), is closely associated with various human disorders, such as breast cancer. Previously, we identified sulforaphene and its synthetic analogues as covalent inhibitors of CRM1. Herein, we describe the discovery and biological evaluation of another sulforaphene synthetic analogue, LFS-31, as a potential CRM1 inhibitor. In addition, we investigated the reversible binding mechanism of LFS-31 with CRM1 through molecular simulations coupled with bio-layer interferometry (BLI) and found relatively high binding affinity (KD = 43.1 ± 35.3 nM) between the LFS-31 and CRM1 groups. We found that LFS-31 exhibited a stronger growth suppression of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells than non-TNBC cells, and had minimal effect on normal breast cells. Pharmacological treatment of TNBC cells with LFS-31 at nanomolar concentrations led to the nuclear retention of IkBα resulting in strong suppression of NF-κB transcriptional activity and attenuated cell growth and proliferation, which collectively contributed to the antitumor responses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the use of a sulforaphene analogue as a potent CRM1 inhibitor that targets the NF-κB signaling pathway for the targeted therapy of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiujiao Gao
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Peng Chu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Caigang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhaolin Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Quentin Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yongliang Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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14
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Chen J, Ran M, Wang M, Liu X, Liu S, Ruan Z, Jin N. Evaluation of antityrosinase activity and mechanism, antioxidation, and UV filter properties of theaflavin. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:951-962. [PMID: 33878231 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a key metalloenzyme for the biosynthesis of melanin that plays a critical role in the prevention of skin damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, the overproduction of melanin may cause a variety of skin diseases. Due to the toxicity and inefficiency of existing tyrosinase inhibitors, it is urgent to identify safe and potent alternatives from natural sources. Theaflavin, a single-component extracted from black tea, has been found to possess a variety of pharmacological activities. Herein, the inhibition kinetics of theaflavin on tyrosinase and inhibitory mechanism were determined using spectroscopy, molecular docking, and zebrafish model. The results showed that theaflavin inhibited the diphenolase activity of tyrosinase in a reversible mixed type manner with IC50 of 229.75 μmol/L and hindered the synthesis of melanin in zebrafish. This may be due to the formation of eight hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic effects between theaflavin and tyrosinase according to the results of molecular docking. To study the possible effects on the prevention of free radical-mediated skin cancer and photoaging caused by UV radiation, the antioxidation and UV filter properties of theaflavin were further verified. This study demonstrates that theaflavin is a potential multifunctional compound that can be used in cosmetic and medicinal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Medical technology, Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Laboratory Medicine (Putian University), Fujian Province University, Putian, Fujian, China
| | - Mengnan Ran
- School of Pharmacy and Medical technology, Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China
| | - Meixia Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Medical technology, Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China
| | - Xinying Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Medical technology, Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China
| | - Siwan Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Medical technology, Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China
| | - Zhipeng Ruan
- School of Pharmacy and Medical technology, Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Laboratory Medicine (Putian University), Fujian Province University, Putian, Fujian, China
| | - Nan Jin
- School of Pharmacy and Medical technology, Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Laboratory Medicine (Putian University), Fujian Province University, Putian, Fujian, China
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15
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O’Neill EJ, Termini D, Albano A, Tsiani E. Anti-Cancer Properties of Theaflavins. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040987. [PMID: 33668434 PMCID: PMC7917939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease characterized by aberrant proliferative and apoptotic signaling pathways, leading to uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells combined with enhanced survival and evasion of cell death. Current treatment strategies are sometimes ineffective in eradicating more aggressive, metastatic forms of cancer, indicating the need to develop novel therapeutics targeting signaling pathways which are essential for cancer progression. Historically, plant-derived compounds have been utilized in the production of pharmaceuticals and chemotherapeutic compounds for the treatment of cancer, including paclitaxel and docetaxel. Theaflavins, phenolic components present in black tea, have demonstrated anti-cancer potential in cell cultures in vitro and in animal studies in vivo. Theaflavins have been shown to inhibit proliferation, survival, and migration of many cancer cellswhile promoting apoptosis. Treatment with theaflavins has been associated with increased levels of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and cleaved caspases-3, -7, -8, and -9, all markers of apoptosis, and increased expression of the proapoptotic marker Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and concomitant reduction in the antiapoptotic marker B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Additionally, theaflavin treatment reduced phosphorylated Akt, phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and c-Myc levels with increased expression of the tumour suppressor p53. This review summarizes the current in vitro and in vivo evidence available investigating the anti-cancer effects of theaflavins across various cancer cell lines and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. O’Neill
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (E.J.O.); (D.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Deborah Termini
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (E.J.O.); (D.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Alexandria Albano
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (E.J.O.); (D.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (E.J.O.); (D.T.); (A.A.)
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Anti-hyperuricemic effects of three theaflavins isolated from black tea in hyperuricemic mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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17
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Wang J, Liao AM, Thakur K, Zhang JG, Huang JH, Wei ZJ. Licochalcone B Extracted from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch Induces Apoptotic Effects in Human Hepatoma Cell HepG2. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3341-3353. [PMID: 30835110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study explored the molecular mechanism by which licochalcone B induces the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human hepatoma cell HepG2. Initial extraction and identification were performed by HPLC, UPLC-TOF-MS/MS, and NMR analysis, respectively. Licochalcone B inhibited the HepG2 growth with IC50 (110.15 μM) after 24 h, caused morphological distortion, and seized the cell cycle in the G2/M phase (cell arrest in G2/M:43.1 ± 2.2% for 120 μM versus 23.7 ± 1.2% for control), as well as induced apoptosis and intracellular ROS generation. Furthermore, exposure to licochalcone B markedly affected the cell cycle (up/down regulation) at mRNA and protein levels. Apoptosis was induced through the activation of receptor-mediated and mitochondrial pathways. The inhibition of Caspase 8 and Caspase 9 proteins abolished the licochalcone B induced apoptosis. The present work suggested that licochalcone B may further be identified as a potent functional food component with specific health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Mei Liao
- College of Biological Engineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou 450001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Hong Huang
- College of Biological Engineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou 450001 , People's Republic of China
- Henan Cooperation Science and Technology Institute, Luoyang 471000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Compound Seasoning , Anhui Qiangwang Seasoning Food Co., Ltd. , Jieshou 236500 , People's Republic of China
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