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Wang L, Song X, Cheng YN, Cheng S, Chen T, Li H, Yan J, Wang X, Zhou H. 1,2,4-Triazole benzamide derivative TPB against Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici as a novel dual-target fungicide inhibiting ergosterol synthesis and adenine nucleotide transferase function. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1717-1727. [PMID: 38010196 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isopropyl 4-(2-chloro-6-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzamido)benzoate (TPB) was a 1,2,4-triazole benzoyl arylamine derivative with excellent antifungal activity, especially against Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt). Its mechanism of action was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, assays of sterol composition, cell membrane permeability, intracellular ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential, and mPTP permeability, ROS measurement, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. RESULTS TPB interfered with ergosterol synthesis, reducing ergosterol content, increasing toxic intermediates, and finally causing biomembrane disruption such as increasing cell membrane permeability and content leakage, and destruction of organelle membranes such as coarse endoplasmic reticulum and vacuole. Moreover, TPB destroyed the function of adenine nucleotide transferase (ANT), leading to ATP transport obstruction in mitochondria, inhibiting mPTP opening, inducing intracellular ROS accumulation and mitochondrial membrane potential loss, finally resulting in mitochondrial damage including mitochondria swelled, mitochondrial membrane dissolved, and cristae destroyed and reduced. RNA-seq analyses showed that TPB increased the expression of ERG11, ERG24, ERG6, ERG5, ERG3 and ERG2 genes in ergosterol synthesis pathway, interfered with the expression of genes (NDUFS5, ATPeV0E, NCA2 and Pam17) related to mitochondrial structure, and inhibited the expression of genes (WrbA and GST) related to anti-oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS TPB exhibited excellent antifungal activity against Ggt by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis and destroying ANT function. So, TPB was a novel compound with dual-target mechanism of action and can be considered a promising novel fungicide for the control of wheat Take-all. The results provided new guides for the structural design of active compounds and powerful tools for pathogen resistance management. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wang
- High & New Technology Research Center of Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- High & New Technology Research Center of Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Nan Cheng
- Plant Protection College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Senxiang Cheng
- High & New Technology Research Center of Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Chen
- High & New Technology Research Center of Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglian Li
- Plant Protection College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingming Yan
- Plant Protection College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiafei Wang
- Plant Protection College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Zhou
- Plant Protection College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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Li L, Hui T, Li Y, Wang Y, Gu H, Chen G, Lei P, Gao Y, Feng J. Design, synthesis and antifungal activity of novel α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone derivatives containing benzothiophene moiety. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38482986 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of agricultural fungicide candidates from natural products is one of the key strategies for developing environment friendly agricultural fungicides with high efficiency, high selectivity and unique modes-of-action. Based on previous work, a series of novel α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone (MBL) derivatives containing benzothiophene moiety were designed and synthesized. RESULTS The majority of the proposed compounds displayed moderate to considerable antifungal efficacy against the tested pathogenic fungi and oomycetes, some exhibiting broad spectrum antifungal activity. Notably, compounds 2 (3-F-Ph) and 7 (4-Cl-Ph) showed excellent antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia with half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of 0.94 and 0.99 mg L-1, respectively, comparable to the commercial fungicide tebuconazole (EC50 = 0.96 mg L-1), and also displayed significant inhibitory effects against V alsa mali with EC50 values of 2.26 and 1.67 mg L-1, respectively - better than famoxadone and carabrone. The in vivo protective and curative effects against R. solani of compound 2 were 57.2% and 53.7% at 100 mg L-1, respectively, which were equivalent to tebuconazole (51.6% and 52.4%). Further investigations found that compound 2 altered the ultrastructure of R. solani cell, significantly increased the relative conductivity of the cells, and reduced the activity of complex III in a dose-dependent manner. Molecular docking results showed that compound 2 matched well with the Qo pocket. CONCLUSION The results revealed that MBL derivatives containing benzothiophene moiety are promising antifungal candidates and provide a new backbone structure for further optimization of novel fungicides. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwei Li
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tuoping Hui
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuying Li
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaqiang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huiping Gu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangyou Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Lei
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanqing Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juntao Feng
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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He HW, Xu D, Wu KH, Lu ZY, Liu X, Xu G. Discovery of novel salicylaldehyde derivatives incorporating an α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone moiety as fungicidal agents. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:5015-5028. [PMID: 37544900 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes pose a serious threat to ensuring crop yield and quality. Finding novel fungicidal candidates based on natural products is one of the critical methods for developing effective and environmentally friendly pesticides. In this study, a series of salicylaldehyde derivatives containing an α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone moiety were designed, synthesized, and their fungicidal activities were evaluated. RESULTS The bioassay studies indicated that compound C3 displayed an excellent in vitro activity against Rhizoctonia solani with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50 ) value of 0.65 μg/mL, higher than that of pyraclostrobin (EC50 = 1.44 μg/mL) and comparable to that of carbendazim (EC50 = 0.33 μg/mL). For Valsa mali and Phytophthora capsici, compound C3 also showed good fungicidal activities with EC50 values of 0.91 and 1.33 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, compound C3 exhibited promising protective in vivo activity against R. solani (84.1%) at 100 μg/mL, which was better than that of pyraclostrobin (78.4%). The pot experiment displayed that compound C3 had 74.8% protective efficacy against R. solani at 200 μg/mL, which was comparable to that of validamycin (78.2%). The antifungal mode of action research indicated that compound C3 could change the mycelial morphology and ultrastructure, increase cell membrane permeability, affect respiratory metabolism by binding to complex III, and inhibit the germination and formation of sclerotia, thereby effectively controlling the disease. CONCLUSION The present study provides support for the application of these salicylaldehyde derivatives as promising potential pesticides with remarkable and broad-spectrum fungicidal activities against phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes in crop protection. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R&D in Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Ke-Huan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zheng-Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R&D in Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Gong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R&D in Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
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Yao J, Zhi H, Shi Q, Zhang Y, Feng J, Liu J, Huang H, Xie X. Tannic Acid Interfacial Modification of Prochloraz Ethyl Cellulose Nanoparticles for Enhancing the Antimicrobial Effect and Biosafety of Fungicides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:41324-41336. [PMID: 37602737 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
With the poorly soluble and intrinsically unstable feature, prochloraz (Pro) was confronted with lower bioavailability in the crop defense against fungal erosion. Therefore, it was a challenging project to explore the innovative antifungal compound delivery system for improving bioavailability. The superior adhesive fungicide formulation was supposed to be an efficient pathway to enhance transmembrane permeability and biological activity. According to abundant phenolic hydroxyl groups, tannic acid (TA) was an ideal modified adhesive biomaterial to improve interfacial interactions. The fundamental purpose of this research was focused on the synergistic mechanism of TA-interfacial-modified Pro-ethyl cellulose (EC) nanoparticles for improving bioavailability and biosafety. In the stability test, TA-modified Pro-EC nanoparticles had the capacity to reduce Pro initial release burst, extending a persistent validity and improving anti-photodegradation property. The toxicity index of Pro-EC and Pro-EC-TA was approximately 2.93-fold and 4.96-fold that of Pro technical against Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum), respectively. Compared with nonmodified EC nanoparticles, TA-modified EC nanoparticles obtained eminent transmembrane permeability and superior adherence ability to F. graminearum, for hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of TA to enhance interaction with target cell membranes. The contents of cellular reactive oxygen species induced by Pro-EC and Pro-EC-TA nanoparticles were about 2.31 times and 3.00 times that of the control check (CK), respectively. Compared to the CK group, the membrane potential and ergosterol values of F. graminearum treated with Pro-EC-TA nanoparticles were drastically reduced by 74.91 and 56.20%, respectively. In the biosafety assay, the maximum half-lethal concentration value of the TA-modified Pro-EC nanoparticles indicated that the acute toxicity of the Pro-EC-TA nanoparticles to adult zebrafish was approximately 8.34-fold reduced compared to that of the Pro technical. These findings demonstrated that the successful interfacial modification of Pro-EC nanoparticles with TA was a highly efficient, environmentally safe, and promising alternative for sustainable agricultural application, thus making the fungicide formulation process more simplified, easier fabrication, and lower cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Zhi
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingshan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China
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Ma Y, Zhou R, Luo X, Li A, Wang R, Zhang B, Zhou H, Wu T, Wang Y, An J, Zhang Z, Zhao W, Yang C, Ding YY, Liu Y. Inhibition of
Fusarium Graminearum
Growth and Deoxynivalenol Biosynthesis by Phenolic Compounds. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhou
- School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong‐Fei Luo
- School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - An‐Ping Li
- Gansu Institute for Drug Control State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong Province State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems Weifang University Weifang 261061 China
| | - Bao‐Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhou
- School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Tian‐Lin Wu
- School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi‐Rong Wang
- School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun‐Xia An
- School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi‐Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen‐Bin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng‐Jie Yang
- School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yan Ding
- School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying‐Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
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Antifungal Activity of a Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet 1,064-Nanometer Laser against Sporothrix globosa by Inducing Apoptosis and Pyroptosis via the NLRP3/Caspase-1 Signaling Pathway: In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0136421. [PMID: 34908455 PMCID: PMC8672895 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01364-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a deep fungal infection caused by Sporothrix species. Currently, itraconazole is the main treatment, but fungal resistance, adverse effects, and drug interactions remain major concerns, especially in patients with immune dysfunction. Therefore, an alternative treatment is greatly in demand. This animal study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) 1,064-nm laser treatment on Sporothrix globosa and to explore whether it happens through regulation of the Nod-like receptor thermoprotein domain-related protein 3 (NLRP3)/caspase-1 pyroptosis and apoptosis pathway. After laser irradiation, a series of studies, including assays of viability (using the cell counting kit-8 [CCK-8]), morphological structure changes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidative stress, cell cycle progression, and metacaspase activation, were conducted to estimate the effect of Nd:YAG 1,064-nm laser treatment on Sporothrix globosa cell apoptosis in vitro. For in vivo studies, mice were infected with S. globosa and then treated with laser or itraconazole, and their footpad skin lesions and the changes in the histology of tissue samples were compared. In addition, changes in the levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, and caspase-3 were assessed by immunohistochemistry, while the levels of interleukin 17 (IL-17), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in peripheral blood were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The in vitro growth of S. globosa was inhibited and apoptosis was observed after laser treatment. According to the in vivo studies, the efficacy of the laser treatment was similar to that of itraconazole. Moreover, the NLRP3/caspase-1 pyroptosis pathway was activated, with a Th1/Th17 cell response, and the expression of caspase-3 was also upregulated. Nd:YAG 1,064-nm laser treatment can effectively inhibit the growth of S. globosa by activating fungal apoptosis and pyroptosis through the NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway. Therefore, Nd:YAG 1,064-nm laser irradiation is an alternative for sporotrichosis therapy. IMPORTANCE Nd:YAG 1,064-nm laser irradiation is a useful alternative for the treatment of sporotrichosis, especially in patients with liver dysfunction, pregnant women, and children, for whom the administration of antifungal drugs is not suitable. It may improve the overall treatment effect by shortening the duration of antifungal treatment and reducing tissue inflammation.
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Wang LY, Zhang YF, Yang DY, Zhang SJ, Han DD, Luo YP. Aureoverticillactam, a Potent Antifungal Macrocyclic Lactam from Streptomyces aureoverticillatus HN6, Generates Calcium Dyshomeostasis-Induced Cell Apoptosis via the Phospholipase C Pathway in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Race 4. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:2010-2022. [PMID: 33900117 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-20-0543-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extensive efforts have been made to discover new biofungicides of high efficiency for control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4, a catastrophic soilborne phytopathogen causing banana Fusarium wilt worldwide. We confirmed for the first time that aureoverticillactam (YY3) has potent antifungal activity against F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4, with effective dose for 50% inhibition (EC50) of 20.80 μg/ml against hyphal growth and 12.62 μg/ml against spore germination. To investigate its mechanism of action, we observed the cellular ultrastructures of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 with YY3 treatment and found that YY3 led to cell wall thinning, mitochondrial deformities, apoptotic degradation of the subcellular fractions, and entocyte leakage. Consistent with these variations, increased permeability of cell membrane and mitochondrial membrane also occurred after YY3 treatment. On the enzymatic level, the activity of mitochondrial complex III, as well as the ATP synthase, was significantly suppressed by YY3 at a concentration >12.50 μg/ml. Moreover, YY3 elevated the cytosolic Ca2+ level to promote mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Cell apoptosis also occurred as expected. On the transcriptome level, key genes involved in the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway were significantly affected, with the expression level of Plc1 increased approximately fourfold. The expression levels of two apoptotic genes, casA1 and casA2, were also significantly increased by YY3. Of note, phospholipase C activation was observed with YY3 treatment in F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4. These findings indicate that YY3 exerts its antifungal activity by activating the phospholipase C calcium-dependent ROS signaling pathway, which makes it a promising biofungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yun-Fei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - De-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shu-Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Dan-Dan Han
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yan-Ping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Fungicidal Activity and Mechanism of Action of Glabridin from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010966. [PMID: 34681623 PMCID: PMC8537655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) belongs to the Fabaceae family and its extracts have exhibited significant fungicidal activity against phytopathogenic fungi, which has mainly been attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids, isoflavonoids and chalcones. In this study, a series of licorice flavonoids, isoflavonoids and chalcones were evaluated for their fungicidal activity against phytopathogenic fungi. Among them, glabridin exhibited significant fungicidal activity against ten kinds of phytopathogenic fungi. Notably, glabridin displayed the most active against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with an EC50 value of 6.78 µg/mL and was 8-fold more potent than azoxystrobin (EC50, 57.39 µg/mL). Moreover, the in vivo bioassay also demonstrated that glabridin could effectively control S. sclerotiorum. The mechanism studies revealed that glabridin could induce reactive oxygen species accumulation, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cell membrane destruction through effecting the expression levels of phosphatidylserine decarboxylase that exerted its fungicidal activity. These findings indicated that glabridin exhibited pronounced fungicidal activities against S. sclerotiorum and could be served as a potential fungicidal candidate.
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Wang M, Ren X, Wang L, Lu X, Han L, Zhang X, Feng J. A functional analysis of mitochondrial respiratory chain cytochrome bc 1 complex in Gaeumannomyces tritici by RNA silencing as a possible target of carabrone. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2020; 21:1529-1544. [PMID: 32997435 PMCID: PMC7694678 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Gaeumannomyces tritici, an ascomycete soilborne fungus, causes a devastating root disease in wheat. Carabrone, a botanical bicyclic sesquiterpenic lactone, is a promising fungicidal agent that can effectively control G. tritici. However, the mechanism of action of carabrone against G. tritici remains largely unclear. Here, we used immunogold for subcellular localization of carabrone and the results showed that carabrone is subcellularly localized in the mitochondria of G. tritici. We then explored the functional analysis of genes GtCytc1 , GtCytb, and GtIsp of the mitochondrial respiratory chain cytochrome bc1 complex in G. tritici by RNA silencing as a possible target of carabrone. The results showed that the silenced mutant ∆GtIsp is less sensitive to carabrone compared to ∆GtCytc1 and ∆GtCytb. Compared with the control, the activities of complex III in all the strains, except ∆GtIsp and carabrone-resistant isolate 24-HN-1, were significantly decreased following treatment with carabrone at EC20 and EC80 in vitro (40%-50% and 70%-80%, respectively). The activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III and the mitochondrial respiration oxygen consumption rates in all the strains, except ∆GtIsp and 24-HN-1, were higher with respect to the control when treated with carabrone at EC20 in vivo. The rates of mitochondrial respiration of all strains, except ∆GtIsp, were significantly inhibited following treatment with carabrone at EC80 (ranging from 57% to 81%). This study reveals that the targeting of the iron-sulphur protein encoded by GtIsp is highly sensitive to carabrone and provides a direction for the research of carabrone's target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Engineering and Research Center of Biological Pesticide of Shaanxi ProvinceNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- College of Life SciencesYulin UniversityYulinChina
| | - Xingyu Ren
- Engineering and Research Center of Biological Pesticide of Shaanxi ProvinceNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Lanying Wang
- Engineering and Research Center of Biological Pesticide of Shaanxi ProvinceNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and PestsMinistry of EducationHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Xiang Lu
- Engineering and Research Center of Biological Pesticide of Shaanxi ProvinceNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Lirong Han
- Engineering and Research Center of Biological Pesticide of Shaanxi ProvinceNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Xing Zhang
- Engineering and Research Center of Biological Pesticide of Shaanxi ProvinceNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Juntao Feng
- Engineering and Research Center of Biological Pesticide of Shaanxi ProvinceNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
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Liu HW, Ji QT, Ren GG, Wang F, Su F, Wang PY, Zhou X, Wu ZB, Li Z, Yang S. Antibacterial Functions and Proposed Modes of Action of Novel 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-β-carboline Derivatives that Possess an Attractive 1,3-Diaminopropan-2-ol Pattern against Rice Bacterial Blight, Kiwifruit Bacterial Canker, and Citrus Bacterial Canker. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12558-12568. [PMID: 33140649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, naturally occurring tetrahydro-β-carboline (THC) alkaloids and their derivatives have been of biological interest. However, few studies and developments have reported the use of such structures in managing plant bacterial diseases. Herein, an array of novel THC derivatives containing an attractive 1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol pattern were prepared to evaluate the antiphytopathogen activity in vitro and in vivo and explore innovative antibacterial frameworks. Notably, target compounds exhibited excellent activities against three rebellious phytopathogens, namely, Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, at related optimal EC50 values of 2.39 (II9), 2.06 (I23), and 1.69 (II9) μg/mL, respectively. These effects were superior to those of the parent structure 1,2,3,4-THC and positive controls. In vivo assays showed that II9 exhibited excellent control efficiencies of 51.89 and 65.45% at 200 μg/mL against rice bacterial blight and kiwifruit bacterial canker, respectively, and I23 substantially relieved the citrus canker on the leaves. Antibacterial mechanisms indicated that these THC compounds could induce the increment of reactive oxygen species and subsequently endow the tested bacteria with distinct apoptotic behavior. In addition, II9 could alleviate the hypersensitive response and pathogenicity of Psa. Overall, these simple THC derivatives can be further developed as versatile antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wu Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qing-Tian Ji
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Gang-Gang Ren
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Fen Su
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Pei-Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhi-Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhong Li
- College of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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