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Yun Q, Ma SF, Zhang WN, Gu M, Wang J. FoxG1 as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease: Modulating NLRP3 Inflammasome via AMPK/mTOR Autophagy Pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:35. [PMID: 38630150 PMCID: PMC11023968 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
An increasing body of research suggests that promoting microglial autophagy hinders the neuroinflammation initiated though the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The function of FoxG1, a crucial transcription factor involved in cell survival by regulating mitochondrial function, remains unknown during the AD process and neuroinflammation occurs. In the present study, we firstly found that Aβ peptides induced AD-like neuroinflammation upregulation and downregulated the level of autophagy. Following low-dose Aβ25-35 stimulation, FoxG1 expression and autophagy exhibited a gradual increase. Nevertheless, with high-concentration Aβ25-35 treatment, progressive decrease in FoxG1 expression and autophagy levels as the concentration of Aβ25-35 escalated. In addition, FoxG1 has a positive effect on cell viability and autophagy in the nervous system. In parallel with the Aβ25-35 stimulation, we employed siRNA to decrease the expression of FoxG1 in N2A cells. A substantial reduction in autophagy level (Beclin1, LC3II, SQSTM1/P62) and a notable growth in inflammatory response (NLRP3, TNF-α, and IL-6) were observed. In addition, we found FoxG1 overexpression owned the effect on the activation of AMPK/mTOR autophagy pathway and siRNA-FoxG1 successfully abolished this effect. Lastly, FoxG1 suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome and enhanced the cognitive function in AD-like mouse model induced by Aβ25-35. Confirmed by cellular and animal experiments, FoxG1 suppressed NLRP3-mediated neuroinflammation, which was strongly linked to autophagy regulated by AMPK/mTOR. Taken together, FoxG1 may be a critical node in the pathologic progression of AD and has the potential to serve as therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yun
- Changzhou Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, 958 Zhongwu Avenue, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Si-Fei Ma
- Changzhou Blood Center, 118 Canal Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei-Ning Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 213000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng Gu
- Changzhou Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, 958 Zhongwu Avenue, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 213000, Jiangsu Province, China.
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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Pinto-Hernandez P, Castilla-Silgado J, Coto-Vilcapoma A, Fernández-Sanjurjo M, Fernández-García B, Tomás-Zapico C, Iglesias-Gutiérrez E. Modulation of microRNAs through Lifestyle Changes in Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:3688. [PMID: 37686720 PMCID: PMC10490103 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle factors, including diet and physical activity (PA), are known beneficial strategies to prevent and delay Alzheimer's disease (AD) development. Recently, microRNAs have emerged as potential biomarkers in multiple diseases, including AD. The aim of this review was to analyze the available information on the modulatory effect of lifestyle on microRNA expression in AD. Few studies have addressed this question, leaving important gaps and limitations: (1) in human studies, only circulating microRNAs were analyzed; (2) in mice studies, microRNA expression was only analyzed in brain tissue; (3) a limited number of microRNAs was analyzed; (4) no human nutritional intervention studies were conducted; and (5) PA interventions in humans and mice were poorly detailed and only included aerobic training. Despite this, some conclusions could be drawn. Circulating levels of let-7g-5p, miR-107, and miR-144-3p were associated with overall diet quality in mild cognitive impairment patients. In silico analysis showed that these microRNAs are implicated in synapse formation, microglia activation, amyloid beta accumulation, and pro-inflammatory pathways, the latter also being targeted by miR-129-5p and miR-192-5p, whose circulating levels are modified by PA in AD patients. PA also modifies miR-132, miR-15b-5p, miR-148b-3p, and miR-130a-5p expression in mice brains, which targets are related to the regulation of neuronal activity, ageing, and pro-inflammatory pathways. This supports the need to further explore lifestyle-related miRNA changes in AD, both as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pinto-Hernandez
- Department of Functional Biology, Physiology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Asturias, Spain; (P.P.-H.); (J.C.-S.); (A.C.-V.); (M.F.-S.); (C.T.-Z.)
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Asturias, Spain;
| | - Juan Castilla-Silgado
- Department of Functional Biology, Physiology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Asturias, Spain; (P.P.-H.); (J.C.-S.); (A.C.-V.); (M.F.-S.); (C.T.-Z.)
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Asturias, Spain;
| | - Almudena Coto-Vilcapoma
- Department of Functional Biology, Physiology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Asturias, Spain; (P.P.-H.); (J.C.-S.); (A.C.-V.); (M.F.-S.); (C.T.-Z.)
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Asturias, Spain;
| | - Manuel Fernández-Sanjurjo
- Department of Functional Biology, Physiology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Asturias, Spain; (P.P.-H.); (J.C.-S.); (A.C.-V.); (M.F.-S.); (C.T.-Z.)
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Asturias, Spain;
| | - Benjamín Fernández-García
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Asturias, Spain;
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Anatomy, University of Oviedo, 33006 Asturias, Spain
| | - Cristina Tomás-Zapico
- Department of Functional Biology, Physiology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Asturias, Spain; (P.P.-H.); (J.C.-S.); (A.C.-V.); (M.F.-S.); (C.T.-Z.)
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Asturias, Spain;
| | - Eduardo Iglesias-Gutiérrez
- Department of Functional Biology, Physiology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Asturias, Spain; (P.P.-H.); (J.C.-S.); (A.C.-V.); (M.F.-S.); (C.T.-Z.)
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Asturias, Spain;
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He DL, Fan YG, Wang ZY. Energy Crisis Links to Autophagy and Ferroptosis in Alzheimer's Disease: Current Evidence and Future Avenues. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:67-86. [PMID: 35980072 PMCID: PMC10193753 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220817140737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. The occult nature of the onset and the uncertainty of the etiology largely impede the development of therapeutic strategies for AD. Previous studies revealed that the disorder of energy metabolism in the brains of AD patients appears far earlier than the typical pathological features of AD, suggesting a tight association between energy crisis and the onset of AD. Energy crisis in the brain is known to be induced by the reductions in glucose uptake and utilization, which may be ascribed to the diminished expressions of cerebral glucose transporters (GLUTs), insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunctions, and lactate dysmetabolism. Notably, the energy sensors such as peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR), transcription factor EB (TFEB), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were shown to be the critical regulators of autophagy, which play important roles in regulating beta-amyloid (Aβ) metabolism, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, iron dynamics, as well as ferroptosis. In this study, we summarized the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involved in the energy dysmetabolism of AD and discussed the interplays existing between energy crisis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. In addition, we highlighted the potential network in which autophagy may serve as a bridge between energy crisis and ferroptosis in the progression of AD. A deeper understanding of the relationship between energy dysmetabolism and AD may provide new insight into developing strategies for treating AD; meanwhile, the energy crisis in the progression of AD should gain more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Long He
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yong-Gang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
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Shanks HRC, Onuska KM, Barupal DK, Schmitz TW. Serum unsaturated phosphatidylcholines predict longitudinal basal forebrain degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac318. [PMID: 37064049 PMCID: PMC10103184 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons are among the first cell types affected by Alzheimer's disease pathology, but the cause of their early vulnerability is unknown. The lipid phosphatidylcholine is an essential component of the cell membrane, and phosphatidylcholine levels have been shown to be abnormal in the blood and brain of Alzheimer's disease patients. We hypothesized that disease-related changes in phosphatidylcholine metabolism may disproportionately affect basal forebrain cholinergic neurons due to their extremely large size, plasticity in adulthood and unique reliance on phosphatidylcholine for acetylcholine synthesis. To test this hypothesis, we examined whether serum phosphatidylcholine levels predicted longitudinal basal forebrain degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. All data were collected by the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Participants were divided into a normal CSF group (controls; n = 77) and an abnormal CSF group (preclinical and clinical Alzheimer's disease; n = 236) based on their CSF ratios of phosphorylated tau and amyloid beta at baseline. Groups were age-matched (t = 0.89, P > 0.1). Serum lipidomics data collected at baseline were clustered by chemical similarity, and enrichment analyses were used to determine whether serum levels of any lipid clusters differed between the normal and abnormal CSF groups. In a subset of patients with longitudinal structural MRI (normal CSF n = 62, abnormal CSF n = 161), two timepoints of MRI data were used to calculate grey matter annual percent change for each participant. Multivariate partial least squares analyses tested for relationships between neuroimaging and lipidomics data which are moderated by CSF pathology. Our clustering analyses produced 23 serum lipid clusters. Of these clusters, six were altered in the abnormal CSF group, including a cluster of unsaturated phosphatidylcholines. In the subset of participants with longitudinal structural MRI data, a priori nucleus basalis of Meynert partial least squares analyses detected a relationship between unsaturated phosphatidylcholines and degeneration in the nucleus basalis which is moderated by Alzheimer's disease CSF pathology (P = 0.0008). Whole-brain grey matter partial least squares analyses of all 23 lipid clusters revealed that only unsaturated phosphatidylcholines and unsaturated acylcarnitines exhibited an Alzheimer's disease-dependent relationship with longitudinal degeneration (P = 0.0022 and P = 0.0018, respectively). Only the unsaturated phosphatidylcholines predicted basal forebrain degeneration in the whole-brain analyses. Overall, this study provides in vivo evidence for a selective relationship between phosphatidylcholine and basal forebrain degeneration in human Alzheimer's disease, highlighting the importance of phosphatidylcholine to basal forebrain grey matter integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley R C Shanks
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western
Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 3K7
| | - Kate M Onuska
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western
Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 3K7
| | - Dinesh K Barupal
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of
Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029-6574,
USA
| | - Taylor W Schmitz
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western
Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 3K7
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital,
London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University,
London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University,
London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
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Ghelani H, Khursheed M, Adrian TE, Jan RK. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Compounds from Echinoderms. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:693. [PMID: 36355016 PMCID: PMC9699147 DOI: 10.3390/md20110693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation can extensively burden a healthcare system. Several synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs are currently available in clinical practice, but each has its own side effect profile. The planet is gifted with vast and diverse oceans, which provide a treasure of bioactive compounds, the chemical structures of which may provide valuable pharmaceutical agents. Marine organisms contain a variety of bioactive compounds, some of which have anti-inflammatory activity and have received considerable attention from the scientific community for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs. This review describes such bioactive compounds, as well as crude extracts (published during 2010-2022) from echinoderms: namely, sea cucumbers, sea urchins, and starfish. Moreover, we also include their chemical structures, evaluation models, and anti-inflammatory activities, including the molecular mechanism(s) of these compounds. This paper also highlights the potential applications of those marine-derived compounds in the pharmaceutical industry to develop leads for the clinical pipeline. In conclusion, this review can serve as a well-documented reference for the research progress on the development of potential anti-inflammatory drugs from echinoderms against various chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik Ghelani
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Md Khursheed
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thomas Edward Adrian
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Reem Kais Jan
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
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6
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Wang CC, Kong JY, Li XY, Yang JY, Xue CH, Yanagita T, Wang YM. Antarctic krill oil exhibited synergistic effects with nobiletin and theanine in ameliorating memory and cognitive deficiency in SAMP8 mice: Applying the perspective of the sea–land combination to retard brain aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:964077. [PMID: 36185487 PMCID: PMC9523088 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.964077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) leads to a limited therapeutic effect; therefore, the combination of multiple bioactive ingredients may be more effective in improving AD due to synergistic effects. Based on the perspective of the sea–land combination, the effects of sea-derived Antarctic krill oil (AKO) combined with land-derived nobiletin (Nob) and L-theanine (The) on memory loss and cognitive deficiency were studied in senescence-accelerated prone 8 mice (SAMP8). The results demonstrated that AKO combined with The significantly increased the number of platform crossings in the Morris water maze test by 1.6-fold, and AKO combined with Nob significantly increased the preference index in a novel object recognition test. AKO exhibited synergistic effects with Nob and The in ameliorating recognition memory and spatial memory deficiency in SAMP8 mice, respectively. Further research of the mechanism indicated that AKO exhibited synergistic effects with Nob in suppressing β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation, neurofibrillary tangles, and apoptosis and neuroinflammation, while the synergistic effects of AKO and The involved in synaptic plasticity and anti-neuroinflammation, which revealed that the combination was complex, not a mechanical addition. These findings revealed that the sea–land combination may be an effective strategy to treat and alleviate AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing-Ya Kong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Yue Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Teruyoshi Yanagita
- Laboratory of Nutrition Biochemistry, Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-Ming Wang
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Wang X, Xiao A, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Wang CC, Wang Y, Han J, Wang Z, Wen M. DHA and EPA Prevent Seizure and Depression-Like Behavior by Inhibiting Ferroptosis and Neuroinflammation via Different Mode-of-actions in a Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Kindling Model in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200275. [PMID: 36099650 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE It has been reported that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have anticonvulsant effects, yet the respective mechanism of EPA and DHA on epilepsy are still unclarified. This study aimed to investigate the effect of EPA and DHA on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced seizures and depression. METHODS AND RESULTS The administration of EPA and DHA at a dose of 1% (w/w) significantly inhibited PTZ-induced seizures and depressive-like behavior, whereas EPA outcompetes DHA. Further mechanistic studies revealed that the higher effect of EPA can be partly attributed to the promotion of M2 polarization, inhibition of M1 polarization of microglia, and lower iron content in the brain, resulting from the stronger activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). We found that DHA and EPA comparably inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation but with different mode-of-actions: EPA preferred to inhibit the binding of NLRP3 and ASC, while DHA decreased the protein levels of ASC and Caspase-1. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that DHA and EPA could efficaciously alleviate PTZ-induced seizure and depressive-like behavior but with different efficiency and molecular mechanisms. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Aiai Xiao
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Yueqi Yang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Yingcai Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Cheng Cheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jun Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Zhengping Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Min Wen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
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Shen Y, Qian L, Luo H, Li X, Ruan Y, Fan R, Si Z, Chen Y, Li L, Liu Y. The Significance of NLRP Inflammasome in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12081057. [PMID: 36009120 PMCID: PMC9406040 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP inflammasome is a multi-protein complex which mainly consists of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain. Its activation is linked to microglial-mediated neuroinflammation and partial neuronal degeneration. Many neuropsychiatric illnesses have increased inflammatory responses as both a primary cause and a defining feature. The NLRP inflammasome inhibition delays the progression and alleviates the deteriorating effects of neuroinflammation on several neuropsychiatric disorders. Evidence on the central effects of the NLRP inflammasome potentially provides the scientific base of a promising drug target for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. This review elucidates the classification, composition, and functions of the NLRP inflammasomes. It also explores the underlying mechanisms of NLRP inflammasome activation and its divergent role in neuropsychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, depression, drug use disorders, and anxiety. Furthermore, we explore the treatment potential of the NLRP inflammasome inhibitors against these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Shen
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
| | - Liyin Qian
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
| | - Hu Luo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Teacher Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Teacher Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
| | - Yuer Ruan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Teacher Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
| | - Runyue Fan
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
- Ningbo Yinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315199, China
| | - Zizhen Si
- Department of Physiological Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Yunpeng Chen
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
| | - Longhui Li
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Physiological Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
- Correspondence:
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9
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He L, Liu X, Li H, Dong R, Liang R, Wang R. Polyrhachis vicina Roger Alleviates Memory Impairment in a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease Through the EGR1/BACE1/APP Axis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1857-1867. [PMID: 35675207 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory deficits and loss are the earliest and most prominent features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study was aimed to clarify the mechanistic basis of an active fraction of Polyrhachis vicina Roger (AFPR) on the memory abilities of AD rat models, which involves early growth response 1 (EGR1) expression and β-secretase 1 (BACE1)-mediated deposition of amyloid β peptide (Aβ). An AD rat model was developed by Aβ25-35, which was further treated with AFPR alone or in combination with lentiviral EGR1. The Morris water maze test and HE and Fluoro-Jade C staining were adopted to observe the memory behaviors, hippocampus neuron morphology, and Aβ deposition. Aβ25-35-induced SK-N-SH and HT22 neurons were subjected to AFPR for in vitro experiments on neuronal viability and apoptosis. AFPR improved the impaired memory function, preserved the neuron structure, and suppressed Aβ deposition in AD rat models. Further, the expression of APP pathway-related proteins was downregulated by AFPR in both rat and cellular models. Moreover, AFPR inhibited the Aβ25-35-induced neuronal apoptosis. AFPR suppressed the expression of EGR1, downregulated the BACE1 expression via impeding the binding of EGR1 to the BACE1 promoter, and thus blocked the activation of the APP signaling, ultimately protecting neurons. Notably, the aforementioned effects of AFPR were in a concentration-dependent manner; among three doses, 3.65, 15.6, and 30 mg/(kg·d), high-dose AFPR exhibited the most appreciable effects. In conclusion, AFPR inhibited the BACE1 expression by repressing the binding of EGR1 to the promoter of BACE1, thereby suppressing the Aβ deposition and improving the memory function of AD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyan He
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoman Liu
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, P.R. China
| | - Hualian Li
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, P.R. China
| | - Ruifang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, P.R. China
| | - Ruobing Liang
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, P.R. China
| | - Ruoxi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, P.R. China
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10
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Liang T, Zhang Y, Wu S, Chen Q, Wang L. The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Alzheimer’s Disease and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:845185. [PMID: 35250595 PMCID: PMC8889079 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.845185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction and behavioral impairment. The typical pathological characteristics of AD are extracellular senile plaques composed of amyloid ß (Aβ) protein, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles formed by the hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau, and neuron loss. In the past hundred years, although human beings have invested a lot of manpower, material and financial resources, there is no widely recognized drug for the effective prevention and clinical cure of AD in the world so far. Therefore, evaluating and exploring new drug targets for AD treatment is an important topic. At present, researchers have not stopped exploring the pathogenesis of AD, and the views on the pathogenic factors of AD are constantly changing. Multiple evidence have confirmed that chronic neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. In the field of neuroinflammation, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a key molecular link in the AD neuroinflammatory pathway. Under the stimulation of Aβ oligomers and tau aggregates, it can lead to the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia and astrocytes in the brain, thereby causing caspase-1 activation and the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18, which ultimately triggers the pathophysiological changes and cognitive decline of AD. In this review, we summarize current literatures on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and activation-related regulation mechanisms, and discuss its possible roles in the pathogenesis of AD. Moreover, focusing on the NLRP3 inflammasome and combining with the upstream and downstream signaling pathway-related molecules of NLRP3 inflammasome as targets, we review the pharmacologically related targets and various methods to alleviate neuroinflammation by regulating the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, which provides new ideas for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Suyuan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingjie Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Wang,
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11
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Fan ZK, Ma WJ, Zhang W, Li H, Zhai J, Zhao T, Guo XF, Sinclair AJ, Li D. Elevated serum phosphatidylcholine (16:1/22:6) levels promoted by fish oil and vitamin D 3 are highly correlated with biomarkers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese subjects. Food Funct 2022; 13:11705-11714. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02349k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine (16:1/22:6) was associated with improving inflammation and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-kai Fan
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen-jun Ma
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Songshan Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Li
- Songshan Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Zhai
- Songshan Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-fei Guo
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Andrew J. Sinclair
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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12
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Lin Z, Ni L, Teng C, Zhang Z, Wu L, Jin Y, Lu X, Lin Z. Eicosapentaenoic Acid-Induced Autophagy Attenuates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Suppressing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Extracellular Matrix Degradation, and Apoptosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:745621. [PMID: 34805156 PMCID: PMC8599281 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.745621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a major cause of low back pain (LBP), but there is still a lack of effective therapy. Multiple studies have reported that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation exert an enormous function on the occurrence and development of IDD. Autophagy can effectively repair ER stress and maintain ECM homeostasis. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) can specifically induce autophagy. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that EPA can promote autophagy, reduce ECM degradation and ER stress in vitro, thereby reducing cell apoptosis, and the protective effects of EPA in an IDD-rat model in vivo. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect the autophagic flux, ER stress, ECM degradation, and apoptosis in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) treated by EPA. We also used puncture-induced IDD rats as experimental subjects to observe the therapeutic effect of EPA on IDD. Our findings indicated that EPA can effectively improve the autophagy activity in NPCs, inhibit the endoplasmic reticulum stress process, reduce the degree of cell apoptosis, and exert protective effects on the anabolism and catabolism of ECM. In addition, in vivo investigations demonstrated that EPA ameliorated the progression of puncture-induced IDD in rats. In conclusion, this study revealed the intrinsic mechanisms of EPA's protective role in NPCs and its potential therapeutic significance for the treatment of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Libin Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cheng Teng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Long Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Xinlei Lu
- The School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongke Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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13
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Shi HH, Chen LP, Wang CC, Zhao YC, Xue CH, Wang YM, Mao XZ, Zhang TT. Short-term supplementation of DHA-enriched phospholipids attenuates the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin without compromising its antitumor activity in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:9391-9404. [PMID: 34606557 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02000e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents used for the treatment of a wide variety of cancers. However, cisplatin has been associated with nephrotoxicity, which limits its application in clinical treatment. Various studies have indicated the protective effect of phospholipids against acute kidney injury. However, no study has focused on the different effects of phospholipids with different fatty acids on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and on the combined effects of phospholipids and cisplatin in tumour-bearing mice. In the present study, the potential renoprotective effects of phospholipids with different fatty acids against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity were investigated by determining the serum biochemical index, renal histopathological changes, protein expression level and oxidative stress. The results showed that docosahexaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids (DHA-PL) and eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids (EPA-PL) could alleviate cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by regulating the caspase signaling pathway, the SIRT1/PGC1α pathway, and the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway and by inhibiting oxidative stress. In particular, DHA-PL exhibited a better inhibitory effect on oxidative stress and apoptosis compared to EPA-PL. Furthermore, DHA-PL exhibited an additional effect with cisplatin on the survival of ascitic tumor-bearing mice. These findings suggested that DHA-PL are one kind of promising supplement for the alleviation of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity without compromising its antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Hao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
| | - Li-Pin Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
| | - Cheng-Cheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
| | - Ying-Cai Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Zhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
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14
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Wu F, Wang DD, Shi HH, Wang CC, Xue CH, Wang YM, Zhang TT. N-3 PUFA-Deficiency in Early Life Exhibits Aggravated MPTP-Induced Neurotoxicity in Old Age while Supplementation with DHA/EPA-Enriched Phospholipids Exerts a Neuroprotective Effect. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100339. [PMID: 34378848 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malnutrition in early life affects the growth and development of fetus and children, which has a long-term impact on adult health. Previous studies reveal a relationship between dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) content, brain development, and the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders and inflammation. However, it is unclear about the effect of n-3 PUFA-deficiency in early life on the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) in old age, as well as the neuroprotective effect of DHA- and EPA-enriched phospholipids (DHA/EPA-PLs) supplemented in old age in long-term n-3 PUFA-deficient mice. METHODS AND RESULTS The PD mice induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in n-3 PUFA-adequate (N) and -deficient (DEF) group are supplemented with a DHA/EPA-PLs diet for 2 weeks (N+DPL, DEF+DPL). DHA/EPA-PLs supplementation significantly protects against MPTP-induced impairments. The DEF+DPL group shows poorer motor performance, the loss of dopaminergic neurons, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neurodevelopment delay than the N+DPL group, and still did not recover to the Control level. CONCLUSIONS Dietary n-3 PUFA-deficiency in early life exhibits more aggravated MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in old age, than DHA/EPA-PLs supplementation recovers brain DHA levels and exerts neuroprotective effects in old age in long-term n-3 PUFA-deficient mice, which might provide a potential dietary guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Hao-Hao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
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15
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Zhao S, Li X, Wang J, Wang H. The Role of the Effects of Autophagy on NLRP3 Inflammasome in Inflammatory Nervous System Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:657478. [PMID: 34079796 PMCID: PMC8166298 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.657478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a stable self-sustaining process in eukaryotic cells. In this process, pathogens, abnormal proteins, and organelles are encapsulated by a bilayer membrane to form autophagosomes, which are then transferred to lysosomes for degradation. Autophagy is involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, containing NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and pro-caspase-1, can activate caspase-1 to induce pyroptosis and lead to the maturation and secretion of interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β) and IL-18. NLRP3 inflammasome is related to many diseases. In recent years, autophagy has been reported to play a vital role by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome in inflammatory nervous system diseases. However, the related mechanisms are not completely clarified. In this review, we sum up recent research about the role of the effects of autophagy on NLRP3 inflammasome in Alzheimer’s disease, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, Parkinson’s disease, depression, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and analyzed the related mechanism to provide theoretical reference for the future research of inflammatory neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Zhao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Honggang Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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16
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Feng YS, Tan ZX, Wu LY, Dong F, Zhang F. The involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111428. [PMID: 33667787 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In an ageing society, neurodegenerative diseases have attracted attention because of their high incidence worldwide. Despite extensive research, there is a lack of conclusive insights into the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, which limit the strategies for symptomatic treatment. Therefore, better elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative diseases can provide an important theoretical basis for the discovery of new and effective prevention and treatment methods. The innate immune system is activated during the ageing process and in response to neurodegenerative diseases. Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that play an important role in the activation of the innate immune system. They mediate inflammatory reactions and pyroptosis, which are closely involved in neurodegeneration. There are different types of inflammasomes, although the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is the most common inflammasome; NLRP3 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms that are involved in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its crucial role in the pathology of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. We will also review various treatments that target the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and alleviate neuroinflammation. Finally, we will summarize the novel treatment strategies for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Shuo Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Zi-Xuan Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Lin-Yu Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and intervention, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China.
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17
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Zhang C, Zhou MM, Zhang TT, Cong PX, Xu J, Xue CH, Yanagita T, Wei ZH, Wang YM. Effects of Dietary Supplementation with EPA-enriched Phosphatidylcholine and Phosphatidylethanolamine on Glycerophospholipid Profile in Cerebral Cortex of SAMP8 Mice fed with High-fat Diet. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:275-287. [PMID: 33456004 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The destruction of lipid homeostasis is associated with nervous system diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has been reported that dietary EPA-enriched phosphatidylcholine (EPA-PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (EPA-PE) could improve brain function. However, it was unclear that whether EPA-PC and EPA-PE intervention could change the lipid composition of cerebral cortex in AD mice. All the senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) mice were fed with a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. After another 8 weeks of intervention with EPA-PC and EPA-PE (1%, w/w), the cerebral cortex lipid levels were determined by lipidomics. Results demonstrated that dietary supplementation with EPA-PE and EPA PC for 8 weeks significantly increased the amount of choline plasmalogen (pPC) and Lyso phosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) in the cerebral cortex of SAMP8 mice fed with high fat diet. Meanwhile, administration with EPA-PE and EPA-PC could significantly decrease the level of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA)-containing phosphatidylserine (PS) as well as increase the levels of arachidonic acid (AA)-containing phosphatidylethanolamine and PS in cerebral cortex. EPA-PE and EPA-PC could restore the lipid homeostasis of dementia mice to a certain degree, which might provide a potential novel therapy strategy and direction of dietary intervention in patients with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China
| | - Miao-Miao Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China.,Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China
| | - Pei-Xu Cong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China.,Laboratory of Marine Drugs & Biological products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao)
| | - Teruyoshi Yanagita
- Laboratory of Nutrition Biochemistry, Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Saga University
| | - Zi-Hao Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China.,Laboratory of Marine Drugs & Biological products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao)
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18
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Wen M, Zhao Y, Shi H, Wang C, Zhang T, Wang Y, Xue C. Short-term supplementation of DHA as phospholipids rather than triglycerides improve cognitive deficits induced by maternal omega-3 PUFA deficiency during the late postnatal stage. Food Funct 2021; 12:564-572. [PMID: 33325958 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02552f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive deficiencies, which are caused by maternal omega-3 PUFA deficiency (O-3 Def), are likely to be more rapidly and easily reversed at younger ages with quicker DHA reversal. This study aims to compare the efficiency of short-term supplementation of DHA in the form of phospholipids (PL) and triglycerides (TG) and improve cognitive deficiency in the O-3 Def model during different periods of brain development (3-week and 7-week old). The animal's spatial task performance, brain PUFA concentration, histopathology, and expression of synapse-associated proteins in the hippocampus were then analyzed. We demonstrate here that DHA-PL shows improved efficiency in improving cognitive deficiency compared to DHA-TG, particularly for adult O-3 Def offspring. The superiority of DHA-PL also correlates with the specific elevation of synapse-associated proteins, including BDNF, DCX, GAP-43, Syn, and PSD95, except to higher brain DHA accretion. This work highlights the DHA-PL as a better DHA supplement for inferior brain development caused by maternal O-3 Def, especially regarding those who missed the optimal time window of neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wen
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, P.R. China
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19
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Zhang M, Hu Y, Zhang J, Zhang J. FTY720 Prevents Spatial Memory Impairment in a Rat Model of Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion via a SIRT3-Independent Pathway. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:593364. [PMID: 33519419 PMCID: PMC7845736 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.593364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the most prevalent types of late-life dementia. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) contributes to both AD and VD. Recently, accumulating evidence has indicated that fingolimod (FTY720) is neuroprotective in acute cerebral ischemic stroke animal models, and the drug is now being used in clinical translation studies. However, fewer studies have addressed the role of FTY720 in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH)-related brain damage. In the present study, to investigate whether FTY720 can improve CCH-induced spatial memory loss and its underlying mechanism, two-vessel occlusion (2VO) rats were administered intraperitoneal FTY720 (1 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive weeks from post-operative day 8. Spatial memory was tested using the Morris Water Maze (MWM), and the rats' brains were harvested to allow molecular, biochemical, and pathological tests. We found that FTY720 treatment significantly reduced the escape latency and increased the target quadrant swimming time of the 2VO rats in the MWM task. The improvement in memory performance paralleled lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and Iba-1 positive cells in the hippocampus of the 2VO rats, indicating that FTY720 had a beneficial effect in mitigating neuroinflammation. Furthermore, we found that FTY720 alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction in 2VO rats, as manifested by lower malondialdehyde levels, higher ATP content, and upregulation of ATP synthase activity in the hippocampus after treatment. FTY720 had no effect on the CCH-induced decrease in the activity of hippocampal Sirtuin-3, a master regulator of mitochondrial function and neuroinflammation. In summary, the results showed that FTY720 can improve CCH-induced spatial memory loss. The mechanism may involve Sirtuin-3-independent regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus. The present study provides new clues to the pathological mechanism of CCH-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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20
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Mosaddeghi P, Eslami M, Farahmandnejad M, Akhavein M, Ranjbarfarrokhi R, Khorraminejad-Shirazi M, Shahabinezhad F, Taghipour M, Dorvash M, Sakhteman A, Zarshenas MM, Nezafat N, Mobasheri M, Ghasemi Y. A systems pharmacology approach to identify the autophagy-inducing effects of Traditional Persian medicinal plants. Sci Rep 2021; 11:336. [PMID: 33431946 PMCID: PMC7801619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79472-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is correlated with several complex diseases, including type 2 diabetes, neurodegeneration diseases, and cancer. Identifying the nature of this correlation and treatment of age-related diseases has been a major subject of both modern and traditional medicine. Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) embodies many prescriptions for the treatment of ARDs. Given that autophagy plays a critical role in antiaging processes, the present study aimed to examine whether the documented effect of plants used in TPM might be relevant to the induction of autophagy? To this end, the TPM-based medicinal herbs used in the treatment of the ARDs were identified from modern and traditional references. The known phytochemicals of these plants were then examined against literature for evidence of having autophagy inducing effects. As a result, several plants were identified to have multiple active ingredients, which indeed regulate the autophagy or its upstream pathways. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis of the identified targets confirmed the collective contribution of the identified targets in autophagy regulating processes. Also, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the targets was reconstructed. Network centrality analysis of the PPI network identified mTOR as the key network hub. Given the well-documented role of mTOR in inhibiting autophagy, our results hence support the hypothesis that the antiaging mechanism of TPM-based medicines might involve autophagy induction. Chemoinformatics study of the phytochemicals using docking and molecular dynamics simulation identified, among other compounds, the cyclo-trijuglone of Juglans regia L. as a potential ATP-competitive inhibitor of mTOR. Our results hence, provide a basis for the study of TPM-based prescriptions using modern tools in the quest for developing synergistic therapies for ARDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Mosaddeghi
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Cellular and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Eslami
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mitra Farahmandnejad
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Cellular and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahshad Akhavein
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Cellular and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ratin Ranjbarfarrokhi
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Cellular and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadhossein Khorraminejad-Shirazi
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Cellular and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farbod Shahabinezhad
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Cellular and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadjavad Taghipour
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Cellular and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Dorvash
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Cellular and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sakhteman
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mohammad M. Zarshenas
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Navid Nezafat
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Meysam Mobasheri
- grid.472338.9Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,Iranian Institute of New Sciences (IINS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
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Feng YS, Tan ZX, Wu LY, Dong F, Zhang F. The involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101192. [PMID: 33059089 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, and it is characterised by progressive deterioration in cognitive and memory abilities, which can severely influence the elderly population's daily living abilities. Although researchers have made great efforts in the field of AD, there are still no well-established strategies to prevent and treat this disease. Therefore, better clarification of the molecular mechanisms associated with the onset and progression of AD is critical to provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies. Currently, it is generally believed that neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AD. Inflammasome, a multiprotein complex, is involved in the innate immune system, and it can mediate inflammatory responses and pyroptosis, which lead to neurodegeneration. Among the various types of inflammasomes, the NLRP3 inflammasome is the most characterised in neurodegenerative diseases, especially in AD. The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome causes the generation of caspase-1-mediated interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 in microglia cells, where neuroinflammation is involved in the development and progression of AD. Thus, the NLRP3 inflammasome is likely to be a crucial therapeutic molecular target for AD via regulating neuroinflammation. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge on the role and regulatory mechanisms of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenic mechanisms of AD. We also focus on a series of potential therapeutic treatments targeting NLRP3 inflammasome for AD. Further clarification of the regulatory mechanisms of the NLRP3 inflammasome in AD may provide more useful clues to develop novel AD treatment strategies.
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Bhatt DL, Hull MA, Song M, Van Hulle C, Carlsson C, Chapman MJ, Toth PP. Beyond cardiovascular medicine: potential future uses of icosapent ethyl. Eur Heart J Suppl 2020; 22:J54-J64. [PMID: 33061868 PMCID: PMC7537800 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suaa119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The REDUCE-IT trial demonstrated that icosapent ethyl, an ethyl ester of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), reduced cardiovascular events in an at-risk population by a substantial degree. While the cardiovascular protective properties of this compound are now proven, several other potential uses are being actively explored in clinical studies. These areas of investigation include cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, infections, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and depression. The next decade promises to deepen our understanding of the beneficial effects that EPA may offer beyond cardiovascular risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak L Bhatt
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Heart & Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark A Hull
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Surgical Sciences, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James’s University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Mingyang Song
- Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 100 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 50 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Carol Van Hulle
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cindy Carlsson
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (ADRC), 600 Highland Ave, J5/1 Mezzanine, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute (WAI), 610 Walnut St Suite 957, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - M John Chapman
- Sorbonne University, 21, Rue de l'Ecole de Medicine, 75006 Paris, France
- Endocrinology-Metabolism Division, Pitie-Salpetriere University Hospital, 47-83, Boulevard de lopital, 75651 Paris Cedex, France
| | - Peter P Toth
- CGH Medical Center, 101 East Miller Road, Sterling, IL 61081, USA
- Cicarrone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Dyshlovoy SA. Blue-Print Autophagy in 2020: A Critical Review. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18090482. [PMID: 32967369 PMCID: PMC7551687 DOI: 10.3390/md18090482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an elegant and complex biological process that has recently attracted much attention from the scientific community. The compounds which are capable of control and modulation of this process have a promising potential as therapeutics for a number of pathological conditions, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. At the same time, due to the relatively young age of the field, there are still some pitfalls in the autophagy monitoring assays and interpretation of the experimental data. This critical review provides an overview of the marine natural compounds, which have been reported to affect autophagy. The time period from the beginning of 2016 to the middle of 2020 is covered. Additionally, the published data and conclusions based on the experimental results are re-analyzed with regard to the guidelines developed by Klionsky and colleagues (Autophagy. 2016; 12(1): 1–222), which are widely accepted by the autophagy research community. Remarkably and surprisingly, more than half of the compounds reported to be autophagy activators or inhibitors could not ultimately be assigned to either category. The experimental data reported for those substances could indicate both autophagy activation and inhibition, requiring further investigation. Thus, the reviewed molecules were divided into two groups: having validated and non-validated autophagy modulatory effects. This review gives an analysis of the recent updates in the field and raises an important problem of standardization in the experimental design and data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Dyshlovoy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
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Lychee seed polyphenol inhibits Aβ-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome via the LRP1/AMPK mediated autophagy induction. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110575. [PMID: 32768883 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the enhancement of microglial autophagy inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome mediated neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Meanwhile, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) highly expressed in microglia is able to negatively regulate neuroinflammation and positively regulate autophagy. In addition, we have previously reported that an active lychee seed fraction enriching polyphenol (LSP) exhibits anti-neuroinflammation in Aβ-induced BV-2 cells. However, its molecular mechanism of action is still unclear. In this study, we aim to investigate whether LSP inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome mediated neuroinflammation and clarify its molecular mechanism in Aβ-induced BV-2 cells and APP/PS1 mice. The results showed that LSP dose- and time-dependently activated autophagy by increasing the expression of Beclin 1 and LC3II in BV-2 cells, which was regulated by the upregulation of LRP1 and its mediated AMPK signaling pathway. In addition, both the Western blotting and fluorescence microscopic results demonstrated that LSP could significantly suppress the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by inhibiting the expression of NLRP3, ASC, the cleavage of caspase-1, and the release of IL-1β in Aβ(1-42)-induced BV-2 cells. In addition, the siRNA LRP1 successfully abolished the effect of LSP on the activation of AMPK and its mediated autophagy, as well as the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, LSP rescued PC-12 cells which were induced by the conditioned medium from Aβ(1-42)-treated BV-2 cells. Moreover, LSP improved the cognitive function and inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome in APP/PS1 mice. Taken together, LSP inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation in the in vitro and in vivo models of AD, which was closely associated with the LRP1/AMPK-mediated autophagy. Thus, the findings from this study further provide evidences for LSP serving as a potential drug for the treatment of AD in the future.
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