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Reith MEA, Kortagere S, Wiers CE, Sun H, Kurian MA, Galli A, Volkow ND, Lin Z. The dopamine transporter gene SLC6A3: multidisease risks. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1031-1046. [PMID: 34650206 PMCID: PMC9008071 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The human dopamine transporter gene SLC6A3 has been consistently implicated in several neuropsychiatric diseases but the disease mechanism remains elusive. In this risk synthesis, we have concluded that SLC6A3 represents an increasingly recognized risk with a growing number of familial mutants associated with neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. At least five loci were related to common and severe diseases including alcohol use disorder (high activity variant), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (low activity variant), autism (familial proteins with mutated networking) and movement disorders (both regulatory variants and familial mutations). Association signals depended on genetic markers used as well as ethnicity examined. Strong haplotype selection and gene-wide epistases support multimarker assessment of functional variations and phenotype associations. Inclusion of its promoter region's functional markers such as DNPi (rs67175440) and 5'VNTR (rs70957367) may help delineate condensate-based risk action, testing a locus-pathway-phenotype hypothesis for one gene-multidisease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten E A Reith
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Sandhya Kortagere
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Corinde E Wiers
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hui Sun
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Diseases in Children, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Aurelio Galli
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Zhicheng Lin
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurogenomics, McLean Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
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Rosário-Ferreira N, Marques-Pereira C, Gouveia RP, Mourão J, Moreira IS. Guardians of the Cell: State-of-the-Art of Membrane Proteins from a Computational Point-of-View. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2315:3-28. [PMID: 34302667 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1468-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins (MPs) encompass a large family of proteins with distinct cellular functions, and although representing over 50% of existing pharmaceutical drug targets, their structural and functional information is still very scarce. Over the last years, in silico analysis and algorithm development were essential to characterize MPs and overcome some limitations of experimental approaches. The optimization and improvement of these methods remain an ongoing process, with key advances in MPs' structure, folding, and interface prediction being continuously tackled. Herein, we discuss the latest trends in computational methods toward a deeper understanding of the atomistic and mechanistic details of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nícia Rosário-Ferreira
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina Marques-Pereira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel P Gouveia
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Mourão
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Irina S Moreira
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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