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Ghalami F, Dohmen PM, Krämer M, Elstner M, Xie W. Nonadiabatic Simulation of Exciton Dynamics in Organic Semiconductors Using Neural Network-Based Frenkel Hamiltonian and Gradients. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:6160-6174. [PMID: 38976696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we present a multiscale method to simulate the propagation of Frenkel singlet excitons in organic semiconductors (OSCs). The approach uses neural network models to train a Frenkel-type Hamiltonian and its gradient, obtained by the long-range correction version of density functional tight-binding with self-consistent charges. Our models accurately predict site energies, excitonic couplings, and corresponding gradients, essential for the nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations. Combined with the fewest switches surface hopping algorithm, the method was applied to four representative OSCs: anthracene, pentacene, perylenediimide, and diindenoperylene. The simulated exciton diffusion constants align well with experimental and reported theoretical values and offer valuable insights into exciton dynamics in OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Ghalami
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nano Technology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Philipp M Dohmen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mila Krämer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marcus Elstner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nano Technology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Weiwei Xie
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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2
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Stojanovic L, Giannini S, Blumberger J. Exciton Transport in the Nonfullerene Acceptor O-IDTBR from Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:6241-6252. [PMID: 38967252 PMCID: PMC11270823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Theory, computation, and experiment have given strong evidence that charge carriers in organic molecular crystals form partially delocalized quantum objects that diffuse very efficiently via a mechanism termed transient delocalization. It is currently unclear how prevalent this mechanism is for exciton transport. Here we carry out simulation of singlet Frenkel excitons (FE) in a molecular organic semiconductor that belongs to the class of nonfullerene acceptors, O-IDTBR, using the recently introduced FE surface hopping nonadiabatic molecular dynamics method. We find that FE are, on average, localized on a single molecule in the crystal due to sizable reorganization energy and moderate excitonic couplings. Yet, our simulations suggest that the diffusion mechanism is more complex than simple local hopping; in addition to hopping, we observe frequent transient delocalization events where the exciton wave function expands over 10 or more molecules for a short period of time in response to thermal excitations within the excitonic band, followed by de-excitation and contraction onto a single molecule. The transient delocalization events lead to an increase in the diffusion constant by a factor of 3-4, depending on the crystallographic direction as compared to the situation where only local hopping events are considered. Intriguingly, O-IDTBR appears to be a moderately anisotropic 3D "conductor" for excitons but a highly anisotropic 2D conductor for electrons. Taken together with previous simulation results, two trends seem to emerge for molecular organic crystals: excitons tend to be more localized and slower than charge carriers due to higher internal reorganization energy, while exciton transport tends to be more isotropic than charge transport due to the weaker distance dependence of excitonic versus electronic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljiljana Stojanovic
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy and Thomas Young Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Samuele Giannini
- Institute
of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, National Research Council (ICCOM-CNR), Pisa I-56124, Italy
| | - Jochen Blumberger
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy and Thomas Young Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
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3
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Sokolov M, Hoffmann DS, Dohmen PM, Krämer M, Höfener S, Kleinekathöfer U, Elstner M. Non-adiabatic molecular dynamics simulations provide new insights into the exciton transfer in the Fenna-Matthews-Olson complex. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:19469-19496. [PMID: 38979564 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02116a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
A trajectory surface hopping approach, which uses machine learning to speed up the most time-consuming steps, has been adopted to investigate the exciton transfer in light-harvesting systems. The present neural networks achieve high accuracy in predicting both Coulomb couplings and excitation energies. The latter are predicted taking into account the environment of the pigments. Direct simulation of exciton dynamics through light-harvesting complexes on significant time scales is usually challenging due to the coupled motion of nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom in these rather large systems containing several relatively large pigments. In the present approach, however, we are able to evaluate a statistically significant number of non-adiabatic molecular dynamics trajectories with respect to exciton delocalization and exciton paths. The formalism is applied to the Fenna-Matthews-Olson complex of green sulfur bacteria, which transfers energy from the light-harvesting chlorosome to the reaction center with astonishing efficiency. The system has been studied experimentally and theoretically for decades. In total, we were able to simulate non-adiabatically more than 30 ns, sampling also the relevant space of parameters within their uncertainty. Our simulations show that the driving force supplied by the energy landscape resulting from electrostatic tuning is sufficient to funnel the energy towards site 3, from where it can be transferred to the reaction center. However, the high efficiency of transfer within a picosecond timescale can be attributed to the rather unusual properties of the BChl a molecules, resulting in very low inner and outer-sphere reorganization energies, not matched by any other organic molecule, e.g., used in organic electronics. A comparison with electron and exciton transfer in organic materials is particularly illuminating, suggesting a mechanism to explain the comparably high transfer efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monja Sokolov
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - David S Hoffmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Philipp M Dohmen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mila Krämer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Höfener
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | | | - Marcus Elstner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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4
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Gillet N, Dumont E, Bignon E. DNA damage and repair in the nucleosome: insights from computational methods. Biophys Rev 2024; 16:345-356. [PMID: 39099841 PMCID: PMC11297232 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-024-01183-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular DNA is constantly exposed to endogenous or exogenous factors that can induce lesions. Several types of lesions have been described that can result from UV/ionizing irradiations, oxidative stress, or free radicals, among others. In order to overcome the deleterious effects of such damages, i.e., mutagenicity or cytotoxicity, cells possess a highly complex DNA repair machinery, involving repair enzymes targeting specific types of lesions through dedicated cellular pathways. In addition, DNA is highly compacted in the nucleus, the first level of compaction consisting of ~ 147 DNA base pairs wrapped around a core of histones, the so-called nucleosome core particle. In this complex environment, the DNA structure is highly constrained, and fine-tuned mechanisms involving remodeling processes are required to expose the DNA to repair enzymes and to facilitate the damage removal. However, these nucleosome-specific mechanisms remain poorly understood, and computational methods emerged only recently as powerful tools to investigate DNA damages in such complex systems as the nucleosome. In this mini-review, we summarize the latest advances brought out by computational approaches in the field, opening new exciting perspectives for the study of DNA damage and repair in the nucleosome context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Gillet
- ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Elise Dumont
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 06108 Nice, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 5 Rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
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5
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Betti E, Saraceno P, Cignoni E, Cupellini L, Mennucci B. Insights into Energy Transfer in Light-Harvesting Complex II Through Machine-Learning Assisted Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:5188-5200. [PMID: 38761151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) is the major antenna of higher plants. Energy transfer processes taking place inside its aggregate of chlorophylls have been experimentally investigated with time-resolved techniques, but a complete understanding of the most relevant energy transfer pathways and relative characteristic times remains elusive. Theoretical models to disentangle experimental data in LHCII have long been challenged by the large size and complex nature of the system. Here, we show that a fully first-principles approach combining molecular dynamics and machine learning can be successfully used to reproduce transient absorption spectra and characterize the EET pathways and the involved times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Betti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Piermarco Saraceno
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Cignoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cupellini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mennucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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6
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Lin HH, Wang CI, Yang CH, Secario MK, Hsu CP. Two-Step Machine Learning Approach for Charge-Transfer Coupling with Structurally Diverse Data. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:271-280. [PMID: 38157315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Electronic coupling is important in determining charge-transfer rates and dynamics. Coupling strength is sensitive to both intermolecular, e.g., orientation or distance, and intramolecular degrees of freedom. Hence, it is challenging to build an accurate machine learning model to predict electronic coupling of molecular pairs, especially for those derived from the amorphous phase, for which intermolecular configurations are much more diverse than those derived from crystals. In this work, we devise a new prediction algorithm that employs two consecutive KRR models. The first model predicts molecular orbitals (MOs) from structural variation for each fragment, and coupling is further predicted by using the overlap integral included in a second model. With our two-step procedure, we achieved mean absolute errors of 0.27 meV for an ethylene dimer and 1.99 meV for a naphthalene pair, much improved accuracy amounting to 14-fold and 3-fold error reductions, respectively. In addition, MOs from the first model can also be the starting point to obtain other quantum chemical properties from atomistic structures. This approach is also compatible with a MO predictor with sufficient accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Hsuan Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2 Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Molecular Science and Digital Innovation Center, Genetics Generation Advancement Corp, No. 28, Ln. 36, Xinhu First Rd., Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chun-I Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2 Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Chou-Hsun Yang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2 Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Khari Secario
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2 Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program on Sustainable Chemical Science & Technology, Academia Sinica Institute of Chemistry, 128 Academia Road Sec.2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ping Hsu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2 Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Division of Physics, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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7
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Vinod V, Maity S, Zaspel P, Kleinekathöfer U. Multifidelity Machine Learning for Molecular Excitation Energies. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:7658-7670. [PMID: 37862054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The accurate but fast calculation of molecular excited states is still a very challenging topic. For many applications, detailed knowledge of the energy funnel in larger molecular aggregates is of key importance, requiring highly accurate excitation energies. To this end, machine learning techniques can be a very useful tool, though the cost of generating highly accurate training data sets still remains a severe challenge. To overcome this hurdle, this work proposes the use of multifidelity machine learning where very little training data from high accuracies is combined with cheaper and less accurate data to achieve the accuracy of the costlier level. In the present study, the approach is employed to predict vertical excitation energies to the first excited state for three molecules of increasing size, namely, benzene, naphthalene, and anthracene. The energies are trained and tested for conformations stemming from classical molecular dynamics and density functional based tight-binding simulations. It can be shown that the multifidelity machine learning model can achieve the same accuracy as a machine learning model built only on high-cost training data while expending a much lower computational effort to generate the data. The numerical gain observed in these benchmark test calculations was over a factor of 30 but certainly can be much higher for high-accuracy data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivin Vinod
- School of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal 42119, Germany
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, Bremen 28759, Germany
| | - Sayan Maity
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, Bremen 28759, Germany
| | - Peter Zaspel
- School of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal 42119, Germany
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, Bremen 28759, Germany
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8
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Kubař T, Elstner M, Cui Q. Hybrid Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Mechanical Methods For Studying Energy Transduction in Biomolecular Machines. Annu Rev Biophys 2023; 52:525-551. [PMID: 36791746 PMCID: PMC10810093 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-111622-091140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) methods have become indispensable tools for the study of biomolecules. In this article, we briefly review the basic methodological details of QM/MM approaches and discuss their applications to various energy transduction problems in biomolecular machines, such as long-range proton transports, fast electron transfers, and mechanochemical coupling. We highlight the particular importance for these applications of balancing computational efficiency and accuracy. Using several recent examples, we illustrate the value and limitations of QM/MM methodologies for both ground and excited states, as well as strategies for calibrating them in specific applications. We conclude with brief comments on several areas that can benefit from further efforts to make QM/MM analyses more quantitative and applicable to increasingly complex biological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kubař
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany;
| | - M Elstner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany;
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany;
| | - Q Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Shi J, Wang W, Lou X, Zhang S, Li X. Parameterized Hamiltonian Learning With Quantum Circuit. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE 2023; 45:6086-6095. [PMID: 36044483 DOI: 10.1109/tpami.2022.3203157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hamiltonian learning, as an important quantum machine learning technique, provides a significant approach for determining an accurate quantum system. This paper establishes parameterized Hamiltonian learning (PHL) and explores its application and implementation on quantum computers. A parameterized quantum circuit for Hamiltonian learning is first created by decomposing unitary operators to excite the system evolution. Then, a PHL algorithm is developed to prepare a specific Hamiltonian system by iteratively updating the gradient of the loss function about circuit parameters. Finally, the experiments are conducted on Origin Pilot, and it demonstrates that the PHL algorithm can deal with the image segmentation problem and provide a segmentation solution accurately. Compared with the classical Grabcut algorithm, the PHL algorithm eliminates the requirement of early manual intervention. It provides a new possibility for solving practical application problems with quantum devices, which also assists in solving increasingly complicated problems and supports a much wider range of application possibilities in the future.
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10
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Maity S, Kleinekathöfer U. Recent progress in atomistic modeling of light-harvesting complexes: a mini review. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 156:147-162. [PMID: 36207489 PMCID: PMC10070314 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00969-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this mini review, we focus on recent advances in the atomistic modeling of biological light-harvesting (LH) complexes. Because of their size and sophisticated electronic structures, multiscale methods are required to investigate the dynamical and spectroscopic properties of such complexes. The excitation energies, in this context also known as site energies, excitonic couplings, and spectral densities are key quantities which usually need to be extracted to be able to determine the exciton dynamics and spectroscopic properties. The recently developed multiscale approach based on the numerically efficient density functional tight-binding framework followed by excited state calculations has been shown to be superior to the scheme based on pure classical molecular dynamics simulations. The enhanced approach, which improves the description of the internal vibrational dynamics of the pigment molecules, yields spectral densities in good agreement with the experimental counterparts for various bacterial and plant LH systems. Here, we provide a brief overview of those results and described the theoretical foundation of the multiscale protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Maity
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kleinekathöfer
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany.
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11
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Cignoni E, Cupellini L, Mennucci B. Machine Learning Exciton Hamiltonians in Light-Harvesting Complexes. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:965-977. [PMID: 36701385 PMCID: PMC9933434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We propose a machine learning (ML)-based strategy for an inexpensive calculation of excitonic properties of light-harvesting complexes (LHCs). The strategy uses classical molecular dynamics simulations of LHCs in their natural environment in combination with ML prediction of the excitonic Hamiltonian of the embedded aggregate of pigments. The proposed ML model can reproduce the effects of geometrical fluctuations together with those due to electrostatic and polarization interactions between the pigments and the protein. The training is performed on the chlorophylls of the major LHC of plants, but we demonstrate that the model is able to extrapolate well beyond the initial training set. Moreover, the accuracy in predicting the effects of the environment is tested on the simulation of the small changes observed in the absorption spectra of the wild-type and a mutant of a minor LHC.
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12
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Fedik N, Zubatyuk R, Kulichenko M, Lubbers N, Smith JS, Nebgen B, Messerly R, Li YW, Boldyrev AI, Barros K, Isayev O, Tretiak S. Extending machine learning beyond interatomic potentials for predicting molecular properties. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:653-672. [PMID: 37117713 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) is becoming a method of choice for modelling complex chemical processes and materials. ML provides a surrogate model trained on a reference dataset that can be used to establish a relationship between a molecular structure and its chemical properties. This Review highlights developments in the use of ML to evaluate chemical properties such as partial atomic charges, dipole moments, spin and electron densities, and chemical bonding, as well as to obtain a reduced quantum-mechanical description. We overview several modern neural network architectures, their predictive capabilities, generality and transferability, and illustrate their applicability to various chemical properties. We emphasize that learned molecular representations resemble quantum-mechanical analogues, demonstrating the ability of the models to capture the underlying physics. We also discuss how ML models can describe non-local quantum effects. Finally, we conclude by compiling a list of available ML toolboxes, summarizing the unresolved challenges and presenting an outlook for future development. The observed trends demonstrate that this field is evolving towards physics-based models augmented by ML, which is accompanied by the development of new methods and the rapid growth of user-friendly ML frameworks for chemistry.
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13
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Cignoni E, Cupellini L, Mennucci B. A fast method for electronic couplings in embedded multichromophoric systems. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:304004. [PMID: 35552268 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac6f3c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electronic couplings are key to understanding exciton delocalization and transport in natural and artificial light harvesting processes. We develop a method to compute couplings in multichromophoric aggregates embedded in complex environments without running expensive quantum chemical calculations. We use a transition charge approximation to represent the quantum mechanical transition densities of the chromophores and an atomistic and polarizable classical model to describe the environment atoms. We extend our framework to estimate transition charges directly from the chromophore geometry, i.e., bypassing completely the quantum mechanical calculations using a regression approach. The method allows to rapidly compute accurate couplings for a large number of geometries along molecular dynamics trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Cignoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cupellini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mennucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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14
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Cignoni E, Slama V, Cupellini L, Mennucci B. The atomistic modeling of light-harvesting complexes from the physical models to the computational protocol. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:120901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0086275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of light-harvesting complexes is determined by a complex network of dynamic interactions among all the different components: the aggregate of pigments, the protein, and the surrounding environment. Complete and reliable predictions on these types of composite systems can be only achieved with an atomistic description. In the last few decades, there have been important advances in the atomistic modeling of light-harvesting complexes. These advances have involved both the completeness of the physical models and the accuracy and effectiveness of the computational protocols. In this Perspective, we present an overview of the main theoretical and computational breakthroughs attained so far in the field, with particular focus on the important role played by the protein and its dynamics. We then discuss the open problems in their accurate modeling that still need to be addressed. To illustrate an effective computational workflow for the modeling of light harvesting complexes, we take as an example the plant antenna complex CP29 and its H111N mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Cignoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vladislav Slama
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cupellini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mennucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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15
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Wang Z, Dong J, Qiu J, Wang L. All-Atom Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulation of Hybrid Graphene Nanoribbons Based on Wannier Analysis and Machine Learning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:22929-22940. [PMID: 35100503 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Trajectory surface hopping combined with ab initio electronic structure calculations is a popular and powerful approach for on-the-fly nonadiabatic dynamics simulations. For large systems, however, this remains a significant challenge because of the unaffordable computational cost of large-scale electronic structure calculations. Here, we present an efficient divide-and-conquer approach to construct the system Hamiltonian based on Wannier analysis and machine learning. In detail, the large system under investigation is first decomposed into small building blocks, and then all possible segments formed by building blocks within a cutoff distance are found out. Ab initio molecular dynamics is carried out to generate a sequence of geometries for each equivalent segment with periodicity. The Hamiltonian matrices in the maximum localized Wannier function (MLWF) basis are obtained for all geometries and utilized to train artificial neural networks (ANNs) for the structure-dependent Hamiltonian elements. Taking advantage of the orthogonality and spatial locality of MLWFs, the one-electron Hamiltonian of a large system at arbitrary geometry can be directly constructed by the trained ANNs. As demonstrations, we study charge transport in a zigzag graphene nanoribbon (GNR), a coved GNR, and a series of hybrid GNRs with a state-of-the-art surface hopping method. The interplay between delocalized and localized states is found to determine the electron dynamics in hybrid GNRs. Our approach has successfully studied GNRs with >10 000 atoms, paving the way for efficient and reliable all-atom nonadiabatic dynamics simulation of general systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zedong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jiawei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Linjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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16
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Gupta A, Chakraborty S, Ghosh D, Ramakrishnan R. Data-driven modeling of S 0 → S 1 excitation energy in the BODIPY chemical space: High-throughput computation, quantum machine learning, and inverse design. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:244102. [PMID: 34972385 DOI: 10.1063/5.0076787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Derivatives of BODIPY are popular fluorophores due to their synthetic feasibility, structural rigidity, high quantum yield, and tunable spectroscopic properties. While the characteristic absorption maximum of BODIPY is at 2.5 eV, combinations of functional groups and substitution sites can shift the peak position by ±1 eV. Time-dependent long-range corrected hybrid density functional methods can model the lowest excitation energies offering a semi-quantitative precision of ±0.3 eV. Alas, the chemical space of BODIPYs stemming from combinatorial introduction of-even a few dozen-substituents is too large for brute-force high-throughput modeling. To navigate this vast space, we select 77 412 molecules and train a kernel-based quantum machine learning model providing <2% hold-out error. Further reuse of the results presented here to navigate the entire BODIPY universe comprising over 253 giga (253 × 109) molecules is demonstrated by inverse-designing candidates with desired target excitation energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Gupta
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500107, India
| | - Sabyasachi Chakraborty
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500107, India
| | - Debashree Ghosh
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Raghunathan Ramakrishnan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500107, India
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17
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Sahu H, Li H, Chen L, Rajan AC, Kim C, Stingelin N, Ramprasad R. An Informatics Approach for Designing Conducting Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:53314-53322. [PMID: 34038635 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Doping conjugated polymers, which are potential candidates for the next generation of organic electronics, is an effective strategy for manipulating their electrical conductivity. However, selecting a suitable polymer-dopant combination is exceptionally challenging because of the vastness of the chemical, configurational, and morphological spaces one needs to search. In this work, high-performance surrogate models, trained on available experimentally measured data, are developed to predict the p-type electrical conductivity and are used to screen a large candidate hypothetical data set of more than 800 000 polymer-dopant combinations. Promising candidates are identified for synthesis and device fabrication. Additionally, new design guidelines are extracted that verify and extend knowledge on important molecular fragments that correlate to high conductivity. Conductivity prediction models are also deployed at www.polymergenome.org for broader open-access community use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikrishna Sahu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Hongmo Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Arunkumar Chitteth Rajan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Chiho Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Natalie Stingelin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Rampi Ramprasad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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18
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Makoś MZ, Verma N, Larson EC, Freindorf M, Kraka E. Generative adversarial networks for transition state geometry prediction. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:024116. [PMID: 34266275 DOI: 10.1063/5.0055094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This work introduces a novel application of generative adversarial networks (GANs) for the prediction of starting geometries in transition state (TS) searches based on the geometries of reactants and products. The multi-dimensional potential energy space of a chemical reaction often complicates the location of a starting TS geometry, leading to the correct TS combining reactants and products in question. The proposed TS-GAN efficiently maps the space between reactants and products and generates reliable TS guess geometries, and it can be easily combined with any quantum chemical software package performing geometry optimizations. The TS-GAN was trained and applied to generate TS guess structures for typical chemical reactions, such as hydrogen migration, isomerization, and transition metal-catalyzed reactions. The performance of the TS-GAN was directly compared to that of classical approaches, proving its high accuracy and efficiency. The current TS-GAN can be extended to any dataset that contains sufficient chemical reactions for training. The software is freely available for training, experimentation, and prediction at https://github.com/ekraka/TS-GAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Z Makoś
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, USA
| | - Niraj Verma
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, USA
| | - Eric C Larson
- Computer Science Department, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, USA
| | - Marek Freindorf
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, USA
| | - Elfi Kraka
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, USA
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19
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Westermayr J, Gastegger M, Schütt KT, Maurer RJ. Perspective on integrating machine learning into computational chemistry and materials science. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:230903. [PMID: 34241249 DOI: 10.1063/5.0047760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) methods are being used in almost every conceivable area of electronic structure theory and molecular simulation. In particular, ML has become firmly established in the construction of high-dimensional interatomic potentials. Not a day goes by without another proof of principle being published on how ML methods can represent and predict quantum mechanical properties-be they observable, such as molecular polarizabilities, or not, such as atomic charges. As ML is becoming pervasive in electronic structure theory and molecular simulation, we provide an overview of how atomistic computational modeling is being transformed by the incorporation of ML approaches. From the perspective of the practitioner in the field, we assess how common workflows to predict structure, dynamics, and spectroscopy are affected by ML. Finally, we discuss how a tighter and lasting integration of ML methods with computational chemistry and materials science can be achieved and what it will mean for research practice, software development, and postgraduate training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Westermayr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Gastegger
- Machine Learning Group, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristof T Schütt
- Machine Learning Group, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhard J Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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20
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Dral PO, Ge F, Xue BX, Hou YF, Pinheiro M, Huang J, Barbatti M. MLatom 2: An Integrative Platform for Atomistic Machine Learning. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:27. [PMID: 34101036 PMCID: PMC8187220 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-021-00339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Atomistic machine learning (AML) simulations are used in chemistry at an ever-increasing pace. A large number of AML models has been developed, but their implementations are scattered among different packages, each with its own conventions for input and output. Thus, here we give an overview of our MLatom 2 software package, which provides an integrative platform for a wide variety of AML simulations by implementing from scratch and interfacing existing software for a range of state-of-the-art models. These include kernel method-based model types such as KREG (native implementation), sGDML, and GAP-SOAP as well as neural-network-based model types such as ANI, DeepPot-SE, and PhysNet. The theoretical foundations behind these methods are overviewed too. The modular structure of MLatom allows for easy extension to more AML model types. MLatom 2 also has many other capabilities useful for AML simulations, such as the support of custom descriptors, farthest-point and structure-based sampling, hyperparameter optimization, model evaluation, and automatic learning curve generation. It can also be used for such multi-step tasks as Δ-learning, self-correction approaches, and absorption spectrum simulation within the machine-learning nuclear-ensemble approach. Several of these MLatom 2 capabilities are showcased in application examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo O Dral
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen, 361005, China.
- Department of Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Fuchun Ge
- Department of Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Bao-Xin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Department of Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yi-Fan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Department of Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Max Pinheiro
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
| | - Jianxing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Department of Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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21
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Reiser P, Konrad M, Fediai A, Léon S, Wenzel W, Friederich P. Analyzing Dynamical Disorder for Charge Transport in Organic Semiconductors via Machine Learning. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:3750-3759. [PMID: 33944566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors are indispensable for today's display technologies in the form of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and further optoelectronic applications. However, organic materials do not reach the same charge carrier mobility as inorganic semiconductors, limiting the efficiency of devices. To find or even design new organic semiconductors with higher charge carrier mobility, computational approaches, in particular multiscale models, are becoming increasingly important. However, such models are computationally very costly, especially when large systems and long timescales are required, which is the case to compute static and dynamic energy disorder, i.e., the dominant factor to determine charge transport. Here, we overcome this drawback by integrating machine learning models into multiscale simulations. This allows us to obtain unprecedented insight into relevant microscopic materials properties, in particular static and dynamic disorder contributions for a series of application-relevant molecules. We find that static disorder and thus the distribution of shallow traps are highly asymmetrical for many materials, impacting widely considered Gaussian disorder models. We furthermore analyze characteristic energy level fluctuation times and compare them to typical hopping rates to evaluate the importance of dynamic disorder for charge transport. We hope that our findings will significantly improve the accuracy of computational methods used to predict application-relevant materials properties of organic semiconductors and thus make these methods applicable for virtual materials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Reiser
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany.,Institute of Theoretical Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Am Fasanengarten 5, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Manuel Konrad
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Artem Fediai
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Salvador Léon
- Department of Industrial Chemical Engineering and Environment, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/ José Gutierrez Abascal, 2, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Pascal Friederich
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany.,Institute of Theoretical Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Am Fasanengarten 5, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
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22
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Abstract
Theoretical simulations of electronic excitations and associated processes in molecules are indispensable for fundamental research and technological innovations. However, such simulations are notoriously challenging to perform with quantum mechanical methods. Advances in machine learning open many new avenues for assisting molecular excited-state simulations. In this Review, we track such progress, assess the current state of the art and highlight the critical issues to solve in the future. We overview a broad range of machine learning applications in excited-state research, which include the prediction of molecular properties, improvements of quantum mechanical methods for the calculations of excited-state properties and the search for new materials. Machine learning approaches can help us understand hidden factors that influence photo-processes, leading to a better control of such processes and new rules for the design of materials for optoelectronic applications.
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23
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Schieschke N, Bold BM, Dohmen PM, Wehl D, Hoffmann M, Dreuw A, Elstner M, Höfener S. Geometry dependence of excitonic couplings and the consequences for configuration-space sampling. J Comput Chem 2021; 42:1402-1418. [PMID: 33993548 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Excitonic coupling plays a key role for the understanding of excitonic energy transport (EET) in, for example, organic photovoltaics. However, the calculation of realistic systems is often beyond the applicability range of accurate wavefunction methods so that lower-scaling semi-empirical methods are used to model EET events. In the present work, the distance and angle dependence of excitonic couplings of dimers of selected organic molecules are evaluated for the semi-empirical long-range corrected density functional based tight binding (LC-DFTB) method and spin opposite scaled second order approximate coupled cluster singles and doubles (SOS-CC2). While semi-empirically scaled methods can lead to slightly increased deviations for excitation energies, the excitonic couplings and their dependence on the dimer geometry are reproduced. LC-DFTB yields a similar accuracy range as density-functional theory (DFT) employing the ωB97X functional while the computation time is reduced by several orders of magnitude. The dependence of the exchange contributions to the excitonic couplings on the dimer geometry is analyzed assessing the calculation of Coulombic excitonic couplings from monomer local excited states only, which reduces the computational effort significantly. The present work is a necessary first step toward the simulation of excitonic energy transport using semi-empirical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Schieschke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Beatrix M Bold
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Philipp M Dohmen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Daniel Wehl
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marvin Hoffmann
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Elstner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Biological Interfaces (IGB2), Karlsruhe Institute for Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sebastian Höfener
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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24
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C A Valente D, do Casal MT, Barbatti M, Niehaus TA, Aquino AJA, Lischka H, Cardozo TM. Excitonic and charge transfer interactions in tetracene stacked and T-shaped dimers. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:044306. [PMID: 33514084 DOI: 10.1063/5.0033272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended quantum chemical calculations were performed for the tetracene dimer to provide benchmark results, analyze the excimer survival process, and explore the possibility of using long-range-corrected (LC) time-dependent second-order density functional tight-biding (DFTB2) for this system. Ground- and first-excited-state optimized geometries, vertical excitations at relevant minima, and intermonomer displacement potential energy curves (PECs) were calculated for these purposes. Ground-state geometries were optimized with the scaled-opposite-spin (SOS) second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation (MP2) theory and LC-DFT (density functional theory) and LC-DFTB2 levels. Excited-state geometries were optimized with SOS-ADC(2) (algebraic diagrammatic construction to second-order) and the time-dependent approaches for the latter two methods. Vertical excitations and PECs were compared to multireference configuration interaction DFT (DFT/MRCI). All methods predict the lowest-energy S0 conformer to have monomers parallel and rotated relative to each other and the lowest S1 conformer to be of a displaced-stacked type. LC-DFTB2, however, presents some relevant differences regarding other conformers for S0. Despite some state-order inversions, overall good agreement between methods was observed in the spectral shape, state character, and PECs. Nevertheless, DFT/MRCI predicts that the S1 state should acquire a doubly excited-state character relevant to the excimer survival process and, therefore, cannot be completely described by the single reference methods used in this work. PECs also revealed an interesting relation between dissociation energies and the intermonomer charge-transfer interactions for some states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C A Valente
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thomas A Niehaus
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Adelia J A Aquino
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Hans Lischka
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Thiago M Cardozo
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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25
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Aggarwal A, Vinayak V, Bag S, Bhattacharyya C, Waghmare UV, Maiti PK. Predicting the DNA Conductance Using a Deep Feedforward Neural Network Model. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 61:106-114. [PMID: 33320660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) has been established as an efficient medium for charge migration, bringing it to the forefront of the field of molecular electronics and biological research. The charge migration rate is controlled by the electronic couplings between the two nucleobases of DNA/RNA. These electronic couplings strongly depend on the intermolecular geometry and orientation. Estimating these electronic couplings for all the possible relative geometries of molecules using the computationally demanding first-principles calculations requires a lot of time and computational resources. In this article, we present a machine learning (ML)-based model to calculate the electronic coupling between any two bases of dsDNA/dsRNA and bypass the computationally expensive first-principles calculations. Using the Coulomb matrix representation which encodes the atomic identities and coordinates of the DNA base pairs to prepare the input dataset, we train a feedforward neural network model. Our neural network (NN) model can predict the electronic couplings between dsDNA base pairs with any structural orientation with a mean absolute error (MAE) of less than 0.014 eV. We further use the NN-predicted electronic coupling values to compute the dsDNA/dsRNA conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Aggarwal
- Center for Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Vinayak Vinayak
- Undergraduate Program, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Saientan Bag
- Center for Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Chiranjib Bhattacharyya
- Department of Computer Science and Automation, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Umesh V Waghmare
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Center for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Prabal K Maiti
- Center for Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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26
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Wang CI, Joanito I, Lan CF, Hsu CP. Artificial neural networks for predicting charge transfer coupling. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:214113. [PMID: 33291923 DOI: 10.1063/5.0023697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum chemistry calculations have been very useful in providing many key detailed properties and enhancing our understanding of molecular systems. However, such calculation, especially with ab initio models, can be time-consuming. For example, in the prediction of charge-transfer properties, it is often necessary to work with an ensemble of different thermally populated structures. A possible alternative to such calculations is to use a machine-learning based approach. In this work, we show that the general prediction of electronic coupling, a property that is very sensitive to intermolecular degrees of freedom, can be obtained with artificial neural networks, with improved performance as compared to the popular kernel ridge regression method. We propose strategies for optimizing the learning rate and batch size, improving model performance, and further evaluating models to ensure that the physical signatures of charge-transfer coupling are well reproduced. We also address the effect of feature representation as well as statistical insights obtained from the loss function and the data structure. Our results pave the way for designing a general strategy for training such neural-network models for accurate prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-I Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | | | - Chang-Feng Lan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ping Hsu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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27
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Strong SE, Hestand NJ. Modeling nonlocal electron-phonon coupling in organic crystals using interpolative maps: The spectroscopy of crystalline pentacene and 7,8,15,16-tetraazaterrylene. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:124113. [PMID: 33003728 DOI: 10.1063/5.0021731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron-phonon coupling plays a central role in the transport properties and photophysics of organic crystals. Successful models describing charge- and energy-transport in these systems routinely include these effects. Most models for describing photophysics, on the other hand, only incorporate local electron-phonon coupling to intramolecular vibrational modes, while nonlocal electron-phonon coupling is neglected. One might expect nonlocal coupling to have an important effect on the photophysics of organic crystals because it gives rise to large fluctuation in the charge-transfer couplings, and charge-transfer couplings play an important role in the spectroscopy of many organic crystals. Here, we study the effects of nonlocal coupling on the absorption spectrum of crystalline pentacene and 7,8,15,16-tetraazaterrylene. To this end, we develop a new mixed quantum-classical approach for including nonlocal coupling into spectroscopic and transport models for organic crystals. Importantly, our approach does not assume that the nonlocal coupling is linear, in contrast to most modern charge-transport models. We find that the nonlocal coupling broadens the absorption spectrum non-uniformly across the absorption line shape. In pentacene, for example, our model predicts that the lower Davydov component broadens considerably more than the upper Davydov component, explaining the origin of this experimental observation for the first time. By studying a simple dimer model, we are able to attribute this selective broadening to correlations between the fluctuations of the charge-transfer couplings. Overall, our method incorporates nonlocal electron-phonon coupling into spectroscopic and transport models with computational efficiency, generalizability to a wide range of organic crystals, and without any assumption of linearity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Strong
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Nicholas J Hestand
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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28
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Bahlke MP, Mogos N, Proppe J, Herrmann C. Exchange Spin Coupling from Gaussian Process Regression. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:8708-8723. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Philipp Bahlke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natnael Mogos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonny Proppe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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