1
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S Mattos R, Mukherjee S, Barbatti M. Quantum Dynamics from Classical Trajectories. J Chem Theory Comput 2024. [PMID: 39235064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics plays an essential role in exploring the time evolution of molecular systems. Various methods have been developed for this study, with varying accuracy and computational cost. One very successful among them is trajectory surface hopping, which propagates nuclei as classical trajectories using forces from a quantum description of the electrons and incorporates nonadiabatic effects through stochastic state changes during each trajectory propagation. A statistical analysis of an ensemble of the independent trajectories recovers the simulated system's behavior. This approach can give good results, but it is known to overlook nuclear quantum effects, leading to inaccurate predictions. Here, we present quantum dynamics from classical trajectories (QDCT), a new protocol to recover the quantum wavepacket from the classical trajectories generated by surface hopping. In this first QDCT implementation, we apply it to recover results at the multiple spawning level from postprocessing surface hopping precomputed trajectories. With a series of examples, we demonstrate QDCT's potential to improve the accuracy of the dynamics, correct decoherence effects, and diagnose problems or increase confidence in surface hopping results. All that comes at virtually no computational cost since no new electronic calculation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael S Mattos
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Saikat Mukherjee
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, 13397 Marseille, France
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87100 Torun, Poland
| | - Mario Barbatti
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, 13397 Marseille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
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2
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De PK, Jain A. Exciton energy transfer inside cavity-A benchmark study of polaritonic dynamics using the surface hopping method. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:054117. [PMID: 39105549 DOI: 10.1063/5.0216787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Strong coupling between the molecular system and photon inside the cavity generates polaritons, which can alter reaction rates by orders of magnitude. In this work, we benchmark the surface hopping method to simulate non-adiabatic dynamics in a cavity. The comparison is made against a numerically exact method (the hierarchical equations of motion) for a model system investigating excitonic energy transfer for a broad range of parameters. Surface hopping captures the effects of the radiation mode well, both at resonance and off-resonance. We have further investigated parameters that can increase or decrease the rate of population transfer, and we find that surface hopping in general can capture both effects well. Finally, we show that the dipole self-energy term within our parameter regime does not significantly affect the system's dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyam Kumar De
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Amber Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai 400076, India
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3
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Salazar E, Menger MFS, Faraji S. Ultrafast Photoinduced Dynamics in 1,3-Cyclohexadiene: A Comparison of Trajectory Surface Hopping Schemes†. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:5796-5806. [PMID: 38949625 PMCID: PMC11270829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Photoinduced nonadiabatic processes play a crucial role in a wide range of disciplines, from fundamental steps in biology to modern applications in advanced materials science. A theoretical understanding of these processes is highly desirable, and trajectory surface hopping (TSH) has proven to be a well-suited framework for a wide range of systems. In this work, we present a comprehensive comparison between two TSH algorithms, the conventional Tully's fewest switches surface hopping (FSSH) scheme and the Landau-Zener surface hopping (LZSH), to study the photoinduced ring-opening of 1,3-cyclohexadiene (CHD) to 1,3,5-hexatriene at the spin-flip time-dependent density functional theory (SF-TDDFT) level of theory. Additionally, we compare our results with a literature study at the extended multistate complete active space second-order perturbation theory method (XMS-CASPT2) level of theory. Our results show that the average population and lifetimes estimated with LZSH using SF-TDDFT are closer to the literature (using multireference methods) than those estimated with FSSH using SF-TDDFT. The latter speaks in favor of applying LZSH in combination with the SF-TDDFT method to study larger and more complex systems such as molecular photoswitches where the CHD molecule acts as a backbone. In addition, we present an implementation of Tully's FSSH algorithm as an extension to the PySurf software package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison
X. Salazar
- Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Theoretical
Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maximilian F. S.
J. Menger
- Theoretical
Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Theoretische
Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shirin Faraji
- Theoretical
Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute
of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics
and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University
Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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4
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Gumber S, Prezhdo OV. Energy-Conserving Surface Hopping for Auger Processes. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:5408-5417. [PMID: 38902855 PMCID: PMC11238531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Auger-type processes are ubiquitous in nanoscale materials because quantum confinement enhances Coulomb interactions, and there exist large densities of states. Modeling Auger processes requires the modification of nonadiabatic (NA) molecular dynamics algorithms to include transitions caused by both NA and Coulomb couplings. The system is split into quantum and classical subsystems, e.g., electrons and vibrations, and as a result, energy conservation becomes nontrivial. In surface hopping, an electronic transition induced by NA coupling is accompanied by a classical velocity readjustment to ensure conservation of the total quantum-classical energy. A different treatment is needed for Auger transitions driven by Coulomb interactions. We develop a nonadiabatic molecular dynamics methodology that meticulously differentiates the energy redistribution accompanying hops induced by the NA coupling and the Coulomb interaction and correctly conserves the total energy at each transition. If the transition is driven by a Coulomb interaction, the hop energy is redistributed within the quantum electronic subsystem only. If the transition is NA, the energy is redistributed between the quantum and classical subsystems. Properly maintaining energy conservation for both types of transitions is crucial to generate a correct order of events, obtain accurate transition times, maintain a proper statistical distribution of state populations, and reach thermodynamic equilibrium. We test the method with biexciton annihilation and Auger-assisted hot electron relaxation in a CdSe quantum dot. The sequence of Auger and phonon-driven processes and the calculated time scales are in excellent agreement with the experimental results. The developed approach can be coupled with any surface-hopping method and provides a crucial practical advance to study charge-carrier dynamics in the nanoscale and condensed matter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriya Gumber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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5
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Shu Y, Truhlar DG. Generalized Semiclassical Ehrenfest Method: A Route to Wave Function-Free Photochemistry and Nonadiabatic Dynamics with Only Potential Energies and Gradients. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:4396-4426. [PMID: 38819014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
We reconsider recent methods by which direct dynamics calculations of electronically nonadiabatic processes can be carried out while requiring only adiabatic potential energies and their gradients. We show that these methods can be understood in terms of a new generalization of the well-known semiclassical Ehrenfest method. This is convenient because it eliminates the need to evaluate electronic wave functions and their matrix elements along the mixed quantum-classical trajectories. The new approximations and procedures enabling this advance are the curvature-driven approximation to the time-derivative coupling, the generalized semiclassical Ehrenfest method, and a new gradient correction scheme called the time-derivative matrix (TDM) scheme. When spin-orbit coupling is present, one can carry out dynamics calculations in the fully adiabatic basis using potential energies and gradients calculated without spin-orbit coupling plus the spin-orbit coupling matrix elements. Even when spin-orbit coupling is neglected, the method is useful because it allows calculations by electronic structure methods for which nonadiabatic coupling vectors are unavailable. In order to place the new considerations in context, the article starts out with a review of background material on trajectory surface hopping, the semiclassical Ehrenfest scheme, and methods for incorporating decoherence. We consider both internal conversion and intersystem crossing. We also review several examples from our group of successful applications of the curvature-driven approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Shu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Donald G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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6
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Mannouch JR, Kelly A. Quantum Quality with Classical Cost: Ab Initio Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulations Using the Mapping Approach to Surface Hopping. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5814-5823. [PMID: 38781480 PMCID: PMC11163471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic dynamics methods are an essential tool for investigating photochemical processes. In the context of employing first-principles electronic structure techniques, such simulations can be carried out in a practical manner using semiclassical trajectory-based methods or wave packet approaches. While all approaches applicable to first-principles simulations are necessarily approximate, it is commonly thought that wave packet approaches offer inherent advantages over their semiclassical counterparts in terms of accuracy and that this trait simply comes at a higher computational cost. Here we demonstrate that the mapping approach to surface hopping (MASH), a recently introduced trajectory-based nonadiabatic dynamics method, can be efficiently applied in tandem with ab initio electronic structure. Our results even suggest that MASH may provide more accurate results than on-the-fly wave packet techniques, all at a much lower computational cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. Mannouch
- Hamburg Center for Ultrafast
Imaging, Universität Hamburg and
the Max Planck Institute
for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aaron Kelly
- Hamburg Center for Ultrafast
Imaging, Universität Hamburg and
the Max Planck Institute
for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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7
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Dupuy L, Rikus A, Maitra NT. Exact-Factorization-Based Surface Hopping without Velocity Adjustment. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:2643-2649. [PMID: 38422391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
While surface hopping has emerged as a powerful method for simulating non-adiabatic dynamics in large molecules, the ad hoc nature of the necessary velocity adjustments and decoherence corrections in the algorithm somewhat reduces its reliability. Here we propose a new scheme that eliminates these aspects by combining the nuclear equation from the quantum-trajectory surface-hopping approach with the electronic equation derived from the exact-factorization approach. The resulting method, denoted QTSH-XF, yields a surface-hopping method on firmer ground than previous and is shown to successfully capture dynamics in Tully models and in a linear vibronic coupling model of the photoexcited uracil cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien Dupuy
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Anton Rikus
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
- University of Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Neepa T Maitra
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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8
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Toldo JM, Mattos RS, Pinheiro M, Mukherjee S, Barbatti M. Recommendations for Velocity Adjustment in Surface Hopping. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:614-624. [PMID: 38207213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates velocity adjustment directions after hopping in surface hopping dynamics. Using fulvene and a protonated Schiff base (PSB4) as case studies, we investigate the population decay and reaction yields of different sets of dynamics with the velocity adjusted in either the nonadiabatic coupling, gradient difference, or momentum directions. For the latter, in addition to the conventional algorithm, we investigated the performance of a reduced kinetic energy reservoir approach recently proposed. Our evaluation also considered velocity adjustment in the directions of approximate nonadiabatic coupling vectors. While results for fulvene are susceptible to the adjustment approach, PSB4 is not. We correlated this dependence to the topography near the conical intersections. When nonadiabatic coupling vectors are unavailable, the gradient difference direction is the best adjustment option. If the gradient difference is also unavailable, a semiempirical vector direction or the momentum direction with a reduced kinetic energy reservoir becomes an excellent option to prevent an artificial excess of back hoppings. The precise velocity adjustment direction is less crucial for describing the nonadiabatic dynamics than the kinetic energy reservoir's size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josene M Toldo
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, Marseille 13397, France
| | - Rafael S Mattos
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, Marseille 13397, France
| | - Max Pinheiro
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, Marseille 13397, France
| | | | - Mario Barbatti
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, Marseille 13397, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris 75231, France
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9
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Akimov AV. Energy-Conserving and Thermally Corrected Neglect of Back-Reaction Approximation Method for Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:11673-11683. [PMID: 38109379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the energy-conserving and thermally corrected neglect of the back-reaction approximation approach for nonadiabatic molecular dynamics in extended atomistic systems is developed. The new approach introduces three key corrections to the original method: (1) it enforces the total energy conservation, (2) it introduces an explicit coupling of the system to its environment, and (3) it introduces a renormalization of nonadiabatic couplings to account for a difference between the instantaneous nuclear kinetic energy and the kinetic energy of guiding trajectories. In the new approach, an auxiliary kinetic energy variable is introduced as an independent dynamical variable. The new approach produces nonzero equilibrium populations, whereas the original neglect of the back-reaction approximation method does not. It yields population relaxation time scales that are favorably comparable to the reference values, and it introduces an explicit and controllable way of dissipating energy into a bath without an assumption of the bath being at equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Akimov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260 United States
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10
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Janoš J, Slavíček P. What Controls the Quality of Photodynamical Simulations? Electronic Structure Versus Nonadiabatic Algorithm. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:8273-8284. [PMID: 37939301 PMCID: PMC10688183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The field of nonadiabatic dynamics has matured over the last decade with a range of algorithms and electronic structure methods available at the moment. While the community currently focuses more on developing and benchmarking new nonadiabatic dynamics algorithms, the underlying electronic structure controls the outcome of nonadiabatic simulations. Yet, the electronic-structure sensitivity analysis is typically neglected. In this work, we present a sensitivity analysis of the nonadiabatic dynamics of cyclopropanone to electronic structure methods and nonadiabatic dynamics algorithms. In particular, we compare wave function-based CASSCF, FOMO-CASCI, MS- and XMS-CASPT2, density-functional REKS, and semiempirical MRCI-OM3 electronic structure methods with the Landau-Zener surface hopping, fewest switches surface hopping, and ab initio multiple spawning with informed stochastic selection algorithms. The results clearly demonstrate that the electronic structure choice significantly influences the accuracy of nonadiabatic dynamics for cyclopropanone even when the potential energy surfaces exhibit qualitative and quantitative similarities. Thus, selecting the electronic structure solely on the basis of the mapping of potential energy surfaces can be misleading. Conversely, we observe no discernible differences in the performance of the nonadiabatic dynamics algorithms across the various methods. Based on the above results, we discuss the present-day practice in computational photodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Janoš
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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11
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Arribas EV, Ibele LM, Lauvergnat D, Maitra NT, Agostini F. Significance of Energy Conservation in Coupled-Trajectory Approaches to Nonadiabatic Dynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:7787-7800. [PMID: 37853509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Through approximating electron-nuclear correlation terms in the exact factorization approach, trajectory-based methods have been derived and successfully applied to the dynamics of a variety of light-induced molecular processes, capturing quantum (de)coherence effects rigorously. These terms account for the coupling among the trajectories, recovering the nonlocal nature of quantum nuclear dynamics that is completely overlooked in traditional independent-trajectory algorithms. Nevertheless, some of the approximations introduced in the derivation of some of these methods do not conserve the total energy. We analyze energy conservation in the coupled-trajectory mixed quantum-classical (CTMQC) algorithm and explore the performance of a modified algorithm, CTMQC-E, where some of the terms are redefined to restore energy conservation. A set of molecular models is used as a test, namely, 2-cis-penta-2,4-dienimium cation, bis(methylene) adamantyl radical cation, butatriene cation, uracil radical cation, and neutral pyrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lea M Ibele
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique UMR8000, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - David Lauvergnat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique UMR8000, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Neepa T Maitra
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Federica Agostini
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique UMR8000, 91405 Orsay, France
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12
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Villaseco Arribas E, Vindel-Zandbergen P, Roy S, Maitra NT. Different flavors of exact-factorization-based mixed quantum-classical methods for multistate dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:26380-26395. [PMID: 37750820 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03464j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The exact factorization approach has led to the development of new mixed quantum-classical methods for simulating coupled electron-ion dynamics. We compare their performance for dynamics when more than two electronic states are occupied at a given time, and analyze: (1) the use of coupled versus auxiliary trajectories in evaluating the electron-nuclear correlation terms, (2) the approximation of using these terms within surface-hopping and Ehrenfest frameworks, and (3) the relevance of the exact conditions of zero population transfer away from nonadiabatic coupling regions and total energy conservation. Dynamics through the three-state conical intersection in the uracil radical cation as well as polaritonic models in one dimension are studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Vindel-Zandbergen
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Newark 07102, New Jersey, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Saswata Roy
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Newark 07102, New Jersey, USA.
| | - Neepa T Maitra
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Newark 07102, New Jersey, USA.
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13
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Shu Y, Zhang L, Wu D, Chen X, Sun S, Truhlar DG. New Gradient Correction Scheme for Electronically Nonadiabatic Dynamics Involving Multiple Spin States. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:2419-2429. [PMID: 37079755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
It has been recommended that the best representation to use for trajectory surface hopping (TSH) calculations is the fully adiabatic basis in which the Hamiltonian is diagonal. Simulations of intersystem crossing processes with conventional TSH methods require an explicit computation of nonadiabatic coupling vectors (NACs) in the molecular-Coulomb-Hamiltonian (MCH) basis, also called the spin-orbit-free basis, in order to compute the gradient in the fully adiabatic basis (also called the diagonal representation). This explicit requirement destroys some of the advantages of the overlap-based algorithms and curvature-driven algorithms that can be used for the most efficient TSH calculations. Therefore, although these algorithms allow one to perform NAC-free simulations for internal conversion processes, one still requires NACs for intersystem crossing. Here, we show that how the NAC requirement is circumvented by a new computation scheme called the time-derivative-matrix scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Shu
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Linyao Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Dihua Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Xiye Chen
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shaozeng Sun
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Donald G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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14
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Merritt ICD, Jacquemin D, Vacher M. Nonadiabatic Coupling in Trajectory Surface Hopping: How Approximations Impact Excited-State Reaction Dynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:1827-1842. [PMID: 36897995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical reactions are widely modeled using the popular trajectory surface hopping (TSH) method, an affordable mixed quantum-classical approximation to the full quantum dynamics of the system. TSH is able to account for nonadiabatic effects using an ensemble of trajectories, which are propagated on a single potential energy surface at a time and which can hop from one electronic state to another. The occurrences and locations of these hops are typically determined using the nonadiabatic coupling between electronic states, which can be assessed in a number of ways. In this work, we benchmark the impact of some approximations to the coupling term on the TSH dynamics for several typical isomerization and ring-opening reactions. We have identified that two of the schemes tested, the popular local diabatization scheme and a scheme based on biorthonormal wave function overlap implemented in the OpenMOLCAS code as part of this work, reproduce at a much reduced cost the dynamics obtained using the explicitly calculated nonadiabatic coupling vectors. The other two schemes tested can give different results, and in some cases, even entirely incorrect dynamics. Of these two, the scheme based on configuration interaction vectors gives unpredictable failures, while the other scheme based on the Baeck-An approximation systematically overestimates hopping to the ground state as compared to the reference approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Morgane Vacher
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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15
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Zhao X, Shu Y, Zhang L, Xu X, Truhlar DG. Direct Nonadiabatic Dynamics of Ammonia with Curvature-Driven Coherent Switching with Decay of Mixing and with Fewest Switches with Time Uncertainty: An Illustration of Population Leaking in Trajectory Surface Hopping Due to Frustrated Hops. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:1672-1685. [PMID: 36877830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Mixed quantum-classical nonadiabatic dynamics is a widely used approach to simulate molecular dynamics involving multiple electronic states. There are two main categories of mixed quantum-classical nonadiabatic dynamics algorithms, namely, trajectory surface hopping (TSH) in which the trajectory propagates on a single potential energy surface, interrupted by hops, and self-consistent-potential (SCP) methods, such as semiclassical Ehrenfest, in which propagation occurs on a mean-field surface without hops. In this work, we will illustrate an example of severe population leaking in TSH. We emphasize that such leaking is a combined effect of frustrated hops and long-time simulations that drive the final excited-state population toward zero as a function of time. We further show that such leaking can be alleviated-but not eliminated-by the fewest switches with time uncertainty TSH algorithm (here implemented in the SHARC program); the time uncertainty algorithm slows down the leaking process by a factor of 4.1. The population leaking is not present in coherent switching with decay of mixing (CSDM), which is an SCP method with non-Markovian decoherence included. Another result in this paper is that we find very similar results with the original CSDM algorithm, with time-derivative CSDM (tCSDM), and with curvature-driven CSDM (κCSDM). Not only do we find good agreement for electronically nonadiabatic transition probabilities but also we find good agreement of the norms of the effective nonadiabatic couplings (NACs) that are derived from the curvature-driven time-derivative couplings as implemented in κCSDM with the time-dependent norms of the nonadiabatic coupling vectors computed by state-averaged complete-active-space self-consistent field theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Zhao
- Center for Combustion Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.,School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yinan Shu
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Linyao Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xuefei Xu
- Center for Combustion Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Donald G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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16
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Kalita P, Medhi B, Singh HK, Bhattacharyya HP, Gupt N, Sarma M. Perturbing π-clouds with Substituents to Study the Effects on Reaction Dynamics of gauche-1,3-Butadiene to Bicyclobutane Electrocyclization. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200727. [PMID: 36281900 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The conical intersection (CI) governs the ultra-fast relaxation of excited states in a radiationless manner and are observed mainly in photochemical processes. In the current work, we investigated the effects of substituents on the reaction dynamics for the conversion of gauche-1,3-butadiene to bicyclobutane via photochemical electrocyclization. We incorporated both electron withdrawing (-F) and donating (-CH3 ) groups in the conjugated system. In our study, we optimized the minimum energy conical intersection (MECI) geometries using the multi-configurational state-averaged CASSCF approach, whereas, to study the ground state reaction pathways for the substituted derivatives, dispersion corrected, B3LYP-D3 functional was used. The non-adiabatic surface hopping molecular dynamics simulations were performed to observe the behaviour of electronic states involved throughout the photoconversion process. The results obtained from the multi-reference second-order perturbation correction of energy at the XMS-CASPT2 level of theory, topography analysis, and non-adiabatic dynamics suggest that the -CH3 substituted derivatives can undergo faster thermal conversion to the product in the ground state with a smaller activation energy barrier compared to -F substituted derivative. Our study also reveals that the GBUT to BIBUT conversion follows both conrotatory and disrotatory pathways, whereas, on substitution with -F or -CH3 , the conversion proceeds via the conrotatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papu Kalita
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, Indian
| | - Biman Medhi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, Indian
| | - Haobam Kisan Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, Indian
| | | | - Nikhil Gupt
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, Indian.,Current Address: Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, Indian
| | - Manabendra Sarma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, Indian
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17
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Gelin MF, Chen L, Domcke W. Equation-of-Motion Methods for the Calculation of Femtosecond Time-Resolved 4-Wave-Mixing and N-Wave-Mixing Signals. Chem Rev 2022; 122:17339-17396. [PMID: 36278801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond nonlinear spectroscopy is the main tool for the time-resolved detection of photophysical and photochemical processes. Since most systems of chemical interest are rather complex, theoretical support is indispensable for the extraction of the intrinsic system dynamics from the detected spectroscopic responses. There exist two alternative theoretical formalisms for the calculation of spectroscopic signals, the nonlinear response-function (NRF) approach and the spectroscopic equation-of-motion (EOM) approach. In the NRF formalism, the system-field interaction is assumed to be sufficiently weak and is treated in lowest-order perturbation theory for each laser pulse interacting with the sample. The conceptual alternative to the NRF method is the extraction of the spectroscopic signals from the solutions of quantum mechanical, semiclassical, or quasiclassical EOMs which govern the time evolution of the material system interacting with the radiation field of the laser pulses. The NRF formalism and its applications to a broad range of material systems and spectroscopic signals have been comprehensively reviewed in the literature. This article provides a detailed review of the suite of EOM methods, including applications to 4-wave-mixing and N-wave-mixing signals detected with weak or strong fields. Under certain circumstances, the spectroscopic EOM methods may be more efficient than the NRF method for the computation of various nonlinear spectroscopic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim F Gelin
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lipeng Chen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85747 Garching,Germany
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18
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Barbatti M, Bondanza M, Crespo-Otero R, Demoulin B, Dral PO, Granucci G, Kossoski F, Lischka H, Mennucci B, Mukherjee S, Pederzoli M, Persico M, Pinheiro Jr M, Pittner J, Plasser F, Sangiogo Gil E, Stojanovic L. Newton-X Platform: New Software Developments for Surface Hopping and Nuclear Ensembles. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:6851-6865. [PMID: 36194696 PMCID: PMC9648185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Newton-X is an open-source computational platform to perform nonadiabatic molecular dynamics based on surface hopping and spectrum simulations using the nuclear ensemble approach. Both are among the most common methodologies in computational chemistry for photophysical and photochemical investigations. This paper describes the main features of these methods and how they are implemented in Newton-X. It emphasizes the newest developments, including zero-point-energy leakage correction, dynamics on complex-valued potential energy surfaces, dynamics induced by incoherent light, dynamics based on machine-learning potentials, exciton dynamics of multiple chromophores, and supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques. Newton-X is interfaced with several third-party quantum-chemistry programs, spanning a broad spectrum of electronic structure methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Barbatti
- Aix
Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, 13013Marseille, France
- Institut
Universitaire de France, 75231Paris, France
| | - Mattia Bondanza
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Pisa, via Moruzzi
13, 56124Pisa, Italy
| | - Rachel Crespo-Otero
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NSLondon, U.K.
| | | | - Pavlo O. Dral
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial
Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department
of Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005Xiamen, China
| | - Giovanni Granucci
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Pisa, via Moruzzi
13, 56124Pisa, Italy
| | - Fábris Kossoski
- Laboratoire
de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31000Toulouse, France
| | - Hans Lischka
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech
University, Lubbock, Texas79409, United States
| | - Benedetta Mennucci
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Pisa, via Moruzzi
13, 56124Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Marek Pederzoli
- J.
Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, 18223Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Maurizio Persico
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Pisa, via Moruzzi
13, 56124Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Jiří Pittner
- J.
Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, 18223Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Felix Plasser
- Department
of Chemistry, Loughborough University, LE11 3TULoughborough, U.K.
| | - Eduarda Sangiogo Gil
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Pisa, via Moruzzi
13, 56124Pisa, Italy
| | - Ljiljana Stojanovic
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BTLondon, U.K.
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19
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Chakraborty P, Liu Y, McClung S, Weinacht T, Matsika S. Nonadiabatic Excited State Dynamics of Organic Chromophores: Take-Home Messages. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6021-6031. [PMID: 36069531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic excited state dynamics are important in a variety of processes. Theoretical and experimental developments have allowed for a great progress in this area, while combining the two is often necessary and the best approach to obtain insight into the photophysical behavior of molecules. In this Feature Article we use examples of our recent work combining time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with theoretical nonadiabatic dynamics to highlight important lessons we learned. We compare the nonadiabatic excited state dynamics of three different organic molecules with the aim of elucidating connections between structure and dynamics. Calculations and measurements are compared for uracil, 1,3-cyclooctadiene, and 1,3-cyclohexadiene. The comparison highlights the role of rigidity in influencing the dynamics and the difficulty of capturing the dynamics accurately with calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratip Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States.,Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yusong Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Samuel McClung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Thomas Weinacht
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Spiridoula Matsika
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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20
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Villaseco Arribas E, Agostini F, Maitra NT. Exact Factorization Adventures: A Promising Approach for Non-Bound States. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134002. [PMID: 35807246 PMCID: PMC9267945 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Modeling the dynamics of non-bound states in molecules requires an accurate description of how electronic motion affects nuclear motion and vice-versa. The exact factorization (XF) approach offers a unique perspective, in that it provides potentials that act on the nuclear subsystem or electronic subsystem, which contain the effects of the coupling to the other subsystem in an exact way. We briefly review the various applications of the XF idea in different realms, and how features of these potentials aid in the interpretation of two different laser-driven dissociation mechanisms. We present a detailed study of the different ways the coupling terms in recently-developed XF-based mixed quantum-classical approximations are evaluated, where either truly coupled trajectories, or auxiliary trajectories that mimic the coupling are used, and discuss their effect in both a surface-hopping framework as well as the rigorously-derived coupled-trajectory mixed quantum-classical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federica Agostini
- Institut de Chimie Physique UMR8000, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France;
| | - Neepa T. Maitra
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA;
- Correspondence:
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21
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Xie H, Xu X, Wang L, Zhuang W. Surface hopping dynamics in periodic solid-state materials with a linear vibronic coupling model. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:154116. [PMID: 35459287 DOI: 10.1063/5.0085759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a surface hopping approach in which the implemented linear vibronic coupling Hamiltonian is constructed and the electronic wavefunction is propagated in the reciprocal space. The parameters of the linear vibronic coupling model, including onsite energies, phonon frequencies, and electron-phonon couplings, are calculated with density-functional theory and density-functional perturbation theory and interpolated in fine sampling points of the Brillouin zone with maximally localized Wannier functions. Using this approach, we studied the relaxation dynamics of the photo-excited hot carrier in a one-dimensional periodic carbon chain. The results show that the completeness of the number of Hilbert space k points and the number of phonon q points plays an important role in the hot carrier relaxation processes. By calculating the relaxation times of hot carriers under different reciprocal space sampling and extrapolating with the stretched-compressed exponential function, the relaxation times of hot electrons and holes in the quasi-continuous energy band are obtained. By considering the feedback effect in the hopping processes and analyzing the time-dependent phonon energy in different normal modes, we found that the long-wave longitudinal optical phonons play a major role in the relaxation dynamics of hot electrons and holes. We, therefore, provided herein an efficient and accurate approach for modeling the photophysical processes in periodic solid-state material systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaoliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Linjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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22
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T. do Casal M, Toldo JM, Pinheiro Jr M, Barbatti M. Fewest switches surface hopping with Baeck-An couplings. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2022; 1:49. [PMID: 37645211 PMCID: PMC10446015 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.13624.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In the Baeck-An (BA) approximation, first-order nonadiabatic coupling vectors are given in terms of adiabatic energy gaps and the second derivative of the gaps with respect to the coupling coordinate. In this paper, a time-dependent (TD) BA approximation is derived, where the couplings are computed from the energy gaps and their second time-derivatives. TD-BA couplings can be directly used in fewest switches surface hopping, enabling nonadiabatic dynamics with any electronic structure methods able to provide excitation energies and energy gradients. Test results of surface hopping with TD-BA couplings for ethylene and fulvene show that the TD-BA approximation delivers a qualitatively correct picture of the dynamics and a semiquantitative agreement with reference data computed with exact couplings. Nevertheless, TD-BA does not perform well in situations conjugating strong couplings and small velocities. Considered the uncertainties in the method, TD-BA couplings could be a competitive approach for inexpensive, exploratory dynamics with a small trajectories ensemble. We also assessed the potential use of TD-BA couplings for surface hopping dynamics with time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), but the results are not encouraging due to singlet instabilities near the crossing seam with the ground state.
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23
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T. do Casal M, Toldo JM, Pinheiro Jr M, Barbatti M. Fewest switches surface hopping with Baeck-An couplings. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2022; 1:49. [PMID: 37645211 PMCID: PMC10446015 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.13624.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
In the Baeck-An (BA) approximation, first-order nonadiabatic coupling vectors are given in terms of adiabatic energy gaps and the second derivative of the gaps with respect to the coupling coordinate. In this paper, a time-dependent (TD) BA approximation is derived, where the couplings are computed from the energy gaps and their second time-derivatives. TD-BA couplings can be directly used in fewest switches surface hopping, enabling nonadiabatic dynamics with any electronic structure methods able to provide excitation energies and energy gradients. Test results of surface hopping with TD-BA couplings for ethylene and fulvene show that the TD-BA approximation delivers a qualitatively correct picture of the dynamics and a semiquantitative agreement with reference data computed with exact couplings. Nevertheless, TD-BA does not perform well in situations conjugating strong couplings and small velocities. Considered the uncertainties in the method, TD-BA couplings could be a competitive approach for inexpensive, exploratory dynamics with a small trajectories ensemble. We also assessed the potential use of TD-BA couplings for surface hopping dynamics with time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), but the results are not encouraging due to singlet instabilities near the crossing seam with the ground state.
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24
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de Castro Araujo Valente D, Borges I, Cardozo TM. Nonradiative relaxation mechanisms of the elusive silole molecule. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:26561-26574. [PMID: 34811562 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03803f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Silole derivatives have been extensively employed for developing organic optoelectronics, but few studies focused on the photophysical properties of the silole molecule. In this work, we investigate these properties by computing the absorption spectra and performing nonadiabatic molecular dynamics of silole employing the algebraic diagrammatic construction [ADC(2)] and extended multi-state XMS-CASPT2 ab initio electronic structure methods. For vertical excitations and excited state optimizations, the equation of motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles (EOM-CCSD) was also used. The nuclear ensemble and the fewest-switches surface hopping molecular dynamics methods coupled with the first two high-level electronic structure methods were applied to probe the relaxation mechanisms of silole. We could reproduce the experimental first absorption maximum value and found an ultrafast relaxation process occurring exclusively through ring-puckering distortions without breaking ring bonds or hydrogen elimination. Minimum energy conical intersection optimizations were carried out and potential energy curves, including triplet states, were calculated to further elucidate the relaxation process of silole.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Itamar Borges
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago Messias Cardozo
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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25
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Zobel JP, Heindl M, Plasser F, Mai S, González L. Surface Hopping Dynamics on Vibronic Coupling Models. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:3760-3771. [PMID: 34570472 PMCID: PMC8529708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The simulation of photoinduced non-adiabatic dynamics is of great
relevance in many scientific disciplines, ranging from physics and
materials science to chemistry and biology. Upon light irradiation,
different relaxation processes take place in which electronic and
nuclear motion are intimately coupled. These are best described by
the time-dependent molecular Schrödinger equation, but its
solution poses fundamental practical challenges to contemporary theoretical
chemistry. Two widely used and complementary approaches to this problem
are multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree (MCTDH) and trajectory
surface hopping (SH). MCTDH is an accurate fully quantum-mechanical
technique but often is feasible only in reduced dimensionality, in
combination with approximate vibronic coupling (VC) Hamiltonians,
or both (i.e., reduced-dimensional VC potentials). In contrast, SH
is a quantum–classical technique that neglects most nuclear
quantum effects but allows nuclear dynamics in full dimensionality
by calculating potential energy surfaces on the fly. If nuclear quantum
effects do not play a central role and a linear VC (LVC) Hamiltonian
is appropriate—e.g., for stiff molecules that generally keep
their conformation in the excited state—then it seems advantageous
to combine the efficient LVC and SH techniques. In this Account, we
describe how surface hopping based on an LVC Hamiltonian (SH/LVC)—as
recently implemented in the SHARC surface hopping package—can
provide an economical and automated approach to simulate non-adiabatic
dynamics. First, we illustrate the potential of SH/LVC in a number
of showcases, including intersystem crossing in SO2, intra-Rydberg
dynamics in acetone, and several photophysical studies on large transition-metal
complexes, which would be much more demanding or impossible to perform
with other methods. While all of the applications provide very useful
insights into light-induced phenomena, they also hint at difficulties
faced by the SH/LVC methodology that need to be addressed in the future.
Second, we contend that the SH/LVC approach can be useful to benchmark
SH itself. By the use of the same (LVC) potentials as MCTDH calculations
have employed for decades and by relying on the efficiency of SH/LVC,
it is possible to directly compare multiple SH test calculations with
a MCTDH reference and ponder the accuracy of various correction algorithms
behind the SH methodology, such as decoherence corrections or momentum
rescaling schemes. Third, we demonstrate how the efficiency of SH/LVC
can also be exploited to identify essential nuclear and electronic
degrees of freedom to be employed in more accurate MCTDH calculations.
Lastly, we show that SH/LVC is able to advance the development of
SH protocols that can describe nuclear dynamics including explicit
laser fields—a very challenging endeavor for trajectory-based
schemes. To end, this Account compiles the typical costs of contemporary
SH simulations, evidencing the great advantages of using parametrized
potentials. The LVC model is a sleeping beauty that, kissed by SH,
is fueling the field of excited-state molecular dynamics. We hope
that this Account will stimulate future research in this direction,
leveraging the advantages of the SH/VC schemes to larger extents and
extending their applicability to uncharted territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Patrick Zobel
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Moritz Heindl
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Plasser
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Mai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Research Platform on Accelerating Photoreaction Discovery, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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26
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Zobel JP, González L. The Quest to Simulate Excited-State Dynamics of Transition Metal Complexes. JACS AU 2021; 1:1116-1140. [PMID: 34467353 PMCID: PMC8397362 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective describes current computational efforts in the field of simulating photodynamics of transition metal complexes. We present the typical workflows and feature the strengths and limitations of the different contemporary approaches. From electronic structure methods suitable to describe transition metal complexes to approaches able to simulate their nuclear dynamics under the effect of light, we give particular attention to build a bridge between theory and experiment by critically discussing the different models commonly adopted in the interpretation of spectroscopic experiments and the simulation of particular observables. Thereby, we review all the studies of excited-state dynamics on transition metal complexes, both in gas phase and in solution from reduced to full dimensionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Patrick Zobel
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 19, 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 19, 1090 Vienna Austria
- Vienna
Research Platform on Accelerating Photoreaction Discovery, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 19, 1090 Vienna Austria
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27
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Vindel-Zandbergen P, Ibele LM, Ha JK, Min SK, Curchod BFE, Maitra NT. Study of the Decoherence Correction Derived from the Exact Factorization Approach for Nonadiabatic Dynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:3852-3862. [PMID: 34138553 PMCID: PMC8280698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We present a detailed
study of the decoherence correction to surface
hopping that was recently derived from the exact factorization approach.
Ab initio multiple spawning calculations that use the same initial
conditions and the same electronic structure method are used as a
reference for three molecules: ethylene, the methaniminium cation,
and fulvene, for which nonadiabatic dynamics follows a photoexcitation.
A comparison with the Granucci–Persico energy-based decoherence
correction and the augmented fewest-switches surface-hopping scheme
shows that the three decoherence-corrected methods operate on individual
trajectories in a qualitatively different way, but the results averaged
over trajectories are similar for these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lea M Ibele
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Jong-Kwon Ha
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kyu Min
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Basile F E Curchod
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Neepa T Maitra
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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