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Caro-Ortiz S, Zuidema E, Rigutto M, Dubbeldam D, Vlugt TJH. Competitive Adsorption of Xylenes at Chemical Equilibrium in Zeolites. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:4155-4174. [PMID: 33841605 PMCID: PMC8025683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c09411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The separation of xylenes is one of the most important processes in the petrochemical industry. In this article, the competitive adsorption from a fluid-phase mixture of xylenes in zeolites is studied. Adsorption from both vapor and liquid phases is considered. Computations of adsorption of pure xylenes and a mixture of xylenes at chemical equilibrium in several zeolite types at 250 °C are performed by Monte Carlo simulations. It is observed that shape and size selectivity entropic effects are predominant for small one-dimensional systems. Entropic effects due to the efficient arrangement of xylenes become relevant for large one-dimensional systems. For zeolites with two intersecting channels, the selectivity is determined by a competition between enthalpic and entropic effects. Such effects are related to the orientation of the methyl groups of the xylenes. m-Xylene is preferentially adsorbed if xylenes fit tightly in the intersection of the channels. If the intersection is much larger than the adsorbed molecules, p-xylene is preferentially adsorbed. This study provides insight into how the zeolite topology can influence the competitive adsorption and selectivity of xylenes at reaction conditions. Different selectivities are observed when a vapor phase is adsorbed compared to the adsorption from a liquid phase. These insight have a direct impact on the design criteria for future applications of zeolites in the industry. MRE-type and AFI-type zeolites exclusively adsorb p-xylene and o-xylene from the mixture of xylenes in the liquid phase, respectively. These zeolite types show potential to be used as high-performing molecular sieves for xylene separation and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Caro-Ortiz
- Engineering
Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical,
Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft
University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Zuidema
- Shell
Global Solutions International B.V., PO Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcello Rigutto
- Shell
Global Solutions International B.V., PO Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Dubbeldam
- Van’t
Hoff Institute of Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs J. H. Vlugt
- Engineering
Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical,
Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft
University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
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2
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Rahbari A, Hens R, Ramdin M, Moultos OA, Dubbeldam D, Vlugt TJH. Recent advances in the continuous fractional component Monte Carlo methodology. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2020.1828585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Rahbari
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - R. Hens
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - M. Ramdin
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - O. A. Moultos
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - D. Dubbeldam
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - T. J. H. Vlugt
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
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3
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Furmaniak S, Gauden PA, Patrykiejew A, Szymański G, Miśkiewicz R, Kowalczyk P. In silico study on the effects of carbonyl groups on chemical equilibrium of reactions with a polar product occurring under confinement in pores of activated carbons. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2019.1700115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwester Furmaniak
- Stanisław Staszic State University of Applied Sciences in Piła, Piła, Poland
| | - Piotr A. Gauden
- Carbon Materials Application in Electrochemistry and Environmental Protection Reserch Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Andrzej Patrykiejew
- Department for the Modelling of Physico-Chemical Processes, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Szymański
- Physicochemistry of Carbon Materials Research Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Radosław Miśkiewicz
- Faculty of Organization and Management, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Piotr Kowalczyk
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
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4
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Rahbari A, Hens R, Dubbeldam D, Vlugt TJH. Improving the accuracy of computing chemical potentials in CFCMC simulations. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1631497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Rahbari
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft, Netherlands
| | - R. Hens
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft, Netherlands
| | - D. Dubbeldam
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - T. J. H. Vlugt
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft, Netherlands
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5
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Furmaniak S, Gauden PA, Patrykiejew A, Miśkiewicz R, Kowalczyk P. The effects of confinement in pores built of folded graphene sheets on the equilibrium of nitrogen monoxide dimerisation reaction. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:135001. [PMID: 30654355 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaffb3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the current work we have used reactive Monte Carlo simulations to systematically study the effects of graphene folding on equilibria of NO dimerisation occurring at isolated surfaces and in porous networks built of corrugated graphene sheets. It has been demonstrated that the folding of isolated graphene sheets significantly improves the yield of reactions occurring on their surface. Then, it has also been shown that in slit-like pores formed by the folded graphene sheets the reaction yield depends on the corrugation and arrangement of the pore walls. It has been found that the reaction yield increases when the walls' corrugation is high because of the appearance of narrow regions and/or wedge-like regions in the pores. The condensation of reacting fluid in such places, where the bulges at both walls are close one to another, leads to much higher reaction yield than on the surface of isolated sheets. Thus, we recommended the highly corrugated graphene to control the chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwester Furmaniak
- Stanisław Staszic University of Applied Sciences in Piła, Podchorążych Street 10, 64-920 Piła, Poland
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Carbon Nanohorns as Reaction Nanochambers - a Systematic Monte Carlo Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15407. [PMID: 30337706 PMCID: PMC6194008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33725-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanohorns (CNHs, one of the newest carbon allotropes) have been subjected to intensive experimental and theoretical studies due to their potential applications. One of such applications can be their use as reaction nanochambers. However, experimental studies on the reaction equilibria under confinement are extremely challenging since accurate measurements of the concentrations of reacting species in pores are a very hard task. So, the main ways to examine such phenomena are theoretical methods (e.g. the reactive Monte Carlo, RxMC). We have presented the first systematic RxMC study on the influence of the CNH’s geometric parameters (the apex angle, the diameter, and the length) on reaction equilibria, taking the nitrogen monoxide dimerisation as an example. All the investigated parameters significantly affect the reaction yield at low and moderate coverages. Short and narrow CNHs have been found to be preferred. However, the key factor influencing the reaction equilibria is the presence of a conical part. Energetics of interactions between the reacting molecules in this fragment of a nanohorn maximises the effects of confinement. In consequence, CNHs have the advantage over their nanotube counterparts of the same diameter. The obtained results have confirmed that CNHs can be considered as potential reaction nanochambers.
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Smith WR, Qi W. Molecular Simulation of Chemical Reaction Equilibrium by Computationally Efficient Free Energy Minimization. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:1185-1193. [PMID: 30276252 PMCID: PMC6161046 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The molecular simulation of chemical reaction equilibrium (CRE) is a challenging and important problem of broad applicability in chemistry and chemical engineering. The primary molecular-based approach for solving this problem has been the reaction ensemble Monte Carlo (REMC) algorithm [Turner et al. Molec. Simulation2008, 34, (2), 119-146], based on classical force-field methodology. In spite of the vast improvements in computer hardware and software since its original development almost 25 years ago, its more widespread application is impeded by its computational inefficiency. A fundamental problem is that its MC basis inhibits the implementation of significant parallelization, and its successful implementation often requires system-specific tailoring and the incorporation of special MC approaches such as replica exchange, expanded ensemble, umbrella sampling, configurational bias, and continuous fractional component methodologies. We describe herein a novel CRE algorithm (reaction ensemble molecular dynamics, ReMD) that exploits modern computer hardware and software capabilities, and which can be straightforwardly implemented for systems of arbitrary size and complexity by exploiting the parallel computing methodology incorporated within many MD software packages (herein, we use GROMACS for illustrative purposes). The ReMD algorithm utilizes these features in the context of a macroscopically inspired and generally applicable free energy minimization approach based on the iterative approximation of the system Gibbs free energy function by a mathematically simple convex ideal solution model using the composition at each iteration as a reference state. Finally, we additionally describe a simple and computationally efficient a posteriori method to estimate the equilibrium concentrations of species present in very small amounts relative to others in the primary calculation. To demonstrate the algorithm, we show its application to two classic example systems considered previously in the literature: the N2-O2-NO system and the ammonia synthesis system.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Smith
- Department
of Mathematics and Statistics, University
of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Faculty
of Science, University of Ontario Institute
of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario L1H 7K4, Canada
| | - Weikai Qi
- Department
of Mathematics and Statistics, University
of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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8
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Mullen RG, Corcelli SA, Maginn EJ. Reaction Ensemble Monte Carlo Simulations of CO 2 Absorption in the Reactive Ionic Liquid Triethyl(octyl)phosphonium 2-Cyanopyrrolide. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5213-5218. [PMID: 30136851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The absorption of CO2 into an aprotic heterocyclic anion ionic liquid (IL) is modeled using reaction ensemble Monte Carlo (RxMC) with the semigrand reaction move. RxMC has previously been unable to sample chemical equilibrium involving molecular ions in nanostructured liquids due to the high free-energy requirements to open and close cavities and restructure the surrounding environment. Our results are validated by experiments in the modeled IL, triethyl(octyl)phosphonium 2-cyanopyrrolide ([P2228][cnp]), and in a close analog with longer alkyl chains on the cation. Heats of absorption and reaction from both experiment and simulation are exothermic and of comparable magnitude. Replacing experimental Henry's constants with their simulated counterparts improves the accuracy of a Langmuir-type model at moderate pressures. Nonidealities that affect chemical equilibrium are identified and calculated with high precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Gotchy Mullen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 , United States
| | - Steven A Corcelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Edward J Maginn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
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Remsing RC, Weeks JD. Alchemical free energy calculations and umbrella sampling with local molecular field theory. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633618400035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the thermodynamic driving forces underlying any chemical process requires a description of the underlying free energy surface. However, computation of free energies is difficult, often requiring advanced sampling techniques. Moreover, these computations can be further complicated by the evaluation of any long-ranged interactions in the system of interest, such as Coulomb interactions in charged and polar media. Local molecular field theory is a promising approach to avoid many of the conceptual and computational difficulties associated with long-ranged interactions. We present frameworks for performing alchemical free energy calculations and non-Boltzmann sampling with local molecular field theory. We demonstrate that local molecular field theory can be used to perform these free energy calculations with accuracy comparable to traditional methodologies while eliminating the need for explicit treatment of long-ranged interactions in simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C. Remsing
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - John D. Weeks
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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10
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Fetisov EO, Shah MS, Knight C, Tsapatsis M, Siepmann JI. Understanding the Reactive Adsorption of H 2 S and CO 2 in Sodium-Exchanged Zeolites. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:512-518. [PMID: 29131466 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Purifying sour natural gas streams containing hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide has been a long-standing environmental and economic challenge. In the presence of cation-exchanged zeolites, these two acid gases can react to form carbonyl sulfide and water (H2 S+CO2 ⇌H2 O+COS), but this reaction is rarely accounted for. In this work, we carry out reactive first-principles Monte Carlo (RxFPMC) simulations for mixtures of H2 S and CO2 in all-silica and Na-exchanged forms of zeolite beta to understand the governing principles driving the enhanced conversion. The RxFPMC simulations show that the presence of Na+ cations can change the equilibrium constant by several orders of magnitude compared to the gas phase or in all-silica beta. The shift in the reaction equilibrium is caused by very strong interactions of H2 O with Na+ that reduce the reaction enthalpy by about 20 kJ mol-1 . The simulations also demonstrate that the siting of Al atoms in the framework plays an important role. The RxFPMC method presented here is applicable to any chemical conversion in any confined environment, where strong interactions of guest molecules with the host framework and high activation energies limit the use of other computational approaches to study reaction equilibria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii O Fetisov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - Mansi S Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - Christopher Knight
- Leadership Computing Facility, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - Michael Tsapatsis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - J Ilja Siepmann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
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11
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Matito-Martos I, Rahbari A, Martin-Calvo A, Dubbeldam D, Vlugt TJH, Calero S. Adsorption equilibrium of nitrogen dioxide in porous materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:4189-4199. [PMID: 29362749 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08017d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of confinement on the equilibrium reactive system containing nitrogen dioxide and dinitrogen tetroxide is studied by molecular simulation and the reactive Monte Carlo (RxMC) approach. The bulk-phase reaction was successfully reproduced and five all-silica zeolites (i.e. FAU, FER, MFI, MOR, and TON) with different topologies were selected to study their adoption behavior. Dinitrogen tetroxide showed a stronger affinity than nitrogen dioxide in all the zeolites due to size effects, but exclusive adsorption sites in MOR allowed the adsorption of nitrogen dioxide with no competition at these sites. From the study of the adsorption isotherms and isobars of the reacting mixture, confinement enhanced the formation of dimers over the full range of pressure and temperature, finding the largest deviations from bulk fractions at low temperature and high pressure. The channel size and shape of the zeolite have a noticeable influence on the dinitrogen tetroxide formation, being more important in MFI, closely followed by TON and MOR, and finally FER and FAU. Preferential adsorption sites in MOR lead to an unusually strong selective adsorption towards nitrogen dioxide, demonstrating that the topological structure has a crucial influence on the composition of the mixture and must be carefully considered in systems containing nitrogen dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Matito-Martos
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, University Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41013, Spain.
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Furmaniak S, Gauden PA, Kowalczyk P, Patrykiejew A. Monte Carlo study of chemical reaction equilibria in pores of activated carbons. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08992a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Systematic Monte Carlo studies concerning relationships between the porous structure of activated carbons and the equilibria of reactions under confinement are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr A. Gauden
- Physicochemistry of Carbon Materials Research Group
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
- 87-100 Toruń
- Poland
| | - Piotr Kowalczyk
- School of Engineering and Information Technology
- Murdoch University
- Australia
| | - Andrzej Patrykiejew
- Department for the Modelling of Physico-Chemical Processes
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Maria Curie Skłodowska University in Lublin
- 20-031 Lublin
- Poland
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