1
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Anwer KE, Sayed GH, Essa BM, Selim AA. Green synthesis of highly functionalized heterocyclic bearing pyrazole moiety for cancer-targeted chemo/radioisotope therapy. BMC Chem 2023; 17:139. [PMID: 37853452 PMCID: PMC10585773 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
New derivatives of heterocyclic bearing pyrazole moiety were synthesized (eight new compounds from 2 to 9) via green synthesis methods (microwave-assisted and grinding techniques). 4,6-Diamino-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile (2) shows high anti-cancer activity against both HepG2 and HCT-116 with IC50 of 9.2 ± 2.8 and 7.7 ± 1.8 µM, respectively, which referenced to 5-Fu which is showing activity of 7.86 ± 0.5 and 5.35 ± 0.3 against both HepG2 and HCT-116, respectively. The cytotoxic activity against HCT-116 and HepG2 was slightly decreased and slightly increased, respectively, by a different pyrazole moiety (compound 5). Pharmacokinetics of compound 2 was carried out using the radioiodination technique in tumour-bearing Albino mice which shows good uptake at the tumour site. The biodistribution showed high accumulation in tumour tissues with a ratio of 13.7% ID/g organ after one hour in comparison with 2.97% ID/g organ at normal muscle at the same time point. As I-131 has maximum beta and gamma energies of 606.3 and 364.5 keV, respectively, therefore the newly synthesized compound 2 may be used for chemotherapy and TRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurls E Anwer
- Heterocyclic Synthesis Lab, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Galal H Sayed
- Heterocyclic Synthesis Lab, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Basma M Essa
- Radioactive Isotopes and Generators Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt.
| | - Adli A Selim
- Labelled Compounds Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
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2
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Spencer D, Li Y, Zhu Y, Sutton JM, Morgan H. Electrical Broth Micro-Dilution for Rapid Antibiotic Resistance Testing. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1101-1108. [PMID: 36820613 PMCID: PMC10043929 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Rapid tests to assess the susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics are required to inform antibiotic stewardship. We have developed a novel test, which measures changes in the impedance of a 100 nanoliter volume of bacterial suspension to determine an "electrical" minimum inhibitory concentration (eMIC). Two representative strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were tested against a panel of frontline antibiotics with different modes of action (ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, colistin and imipenem, gentamicin, and ceftazidime). The eMIC measured at 1 h correlated strongly with a standard 24 h microbroth dilution MIC for all combinations of antibiotics and bacteria, allowing strains to be correctly assigned as sensitive or resistant measured in a fraction of the time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Spencer
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Hants, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Yuetao Li
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Hants, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Yiling Zhu
- Technology Development Group, Research and Evaluation, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton, Salisbury SP4 0JG, U.K
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Technology Development Group, Research and Evaluation, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton, Salisbury SP4 0JG, U.K
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Hywel Morgan
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Hants, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
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3
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Joseph AM, Nahar K, Daw S, Hasan MM, Lo R, Le TBK, Rahman KM, Badrinarayanan A. Mechanistic insight into the repair of C8-linked pyrrolobenzodiazepine monomer-mediated DNA damage. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1621-1633. [PMID: 36561066 PMCID: PMC9749960 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00194b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs) are naturally occurring DNA binding compounds that possess anti-tumor and anti-bacterial activity. Chemical modifications of PBDs can result in improved DNA binding, sequence specificity and enhanced efficacy. More recently, synthetic PBD monomers have shown promise as payloads for antibody drug conjugates and anti-bacterial agents. The precise mechanism of action of these PBD monomers and their role in causing DNA damage remains to be elucidated. Here we characterized the damage-inducing potential of two C8-linked PBD bi-aryl monomers in Caulobacter crescentus and investigated the strategies employed by cells to repair the same. We show that these compounds cause DNA damage and efficiently kill bacteria, in a manner comparable to the extensively used DNA cross-linking agent mitomycin-C (MMC). However, in stark contrast to MMC which employs a mutagenic lesion tolerance pathway, we implicate essential functions for error-free mechanisms in repairing PBD monomer-mediated damage. We find that survival is severely compromised in cells lacking nucleotide excision repair and to a lesser extent, in cells with impaired recombination-based repair. Loss of nucleotide excision repair leads to significant increase in double-strand breaks, underscoring the critical role of this pathway in mediating repair of PBD-induced DNA lesions. Together, our study provides comprehensive insights into how mono-alkylating DNA-targeting therapeutic compounds like PBD monomers challenge cell growth, and identifies the specific mechanisms employed by the cell to counter the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Mary Joseph
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research) Bangalore India
| | - Kazi Nahar
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street London SE1 9NH UK
| | - Saheli Daw
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research) Bangalore India
| | - Md Mahbub Hasan
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street London SE1 9NH UK
| | - Rebecca Lo
- John Innes Centre, Department of Molecular Microbiology Colney Lane Norwich NR4 7UH UK
| | - Tung B K Le
- John Innes Centre, Department of Molecular Microbiology Colney Lane Norwich NR4 7UH UK
| | - Khondaker Miraz Rahman
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street London SE1 9NH UK
| | - Anjana Badrinarayanan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research) Bangalore India
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4
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Hind C, Clifford M, Woolley C, Harmer J, McGee LMC, Tyson-Hirst I, Tait HJ, Brooke DP, Dancer SJ, Hunter IS, Suckling CJ, Beveridge R, Parkinson JA, Sutton JM, Scott FJ. Insights into the Spectrum of Activity and Mechanism of Action of MGB-BP-3. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:2552-2563. [PMID: 36444998 PMCID: PMC9745797 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
MGB-BP-3 is a potential first-in-class antibiotic, a Strathclyde Minor Groove Binder (S-MGB), that has successfully completed Phase IIa clinical trials for the treatment of Clostridioides difficile associated disease. Its precise mechanism of action and the origin of limited activity against Gram-negative pathogens are relatively unknown. Herein, treatment with MGB-BP-3 alone significantly inhibited the bacterial growth of the Gram-positive, but not Gram-negative, bacteria as expected. Synergy assays revealed that inefficient intracellular accumulation, through both permeation and efflux, is the likely reason for lack of Gram-negative activity. MGB-BP-3 has strong interactions with its intracellular target, DNA, in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, revealed through ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) thermal melting and fluorescence intercalator displacement assays. MGB-BP-3 was confirmed to bind to dsDNA as a dimer using nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Type II bacterial topoisomerase inhibition assays revealed that MGB-BP-3 was able to interfere with the supercoiling action of gyrase and the relaxation and decatenation actions of topoisomerase IV of both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. However, no evidence of stabilization of the cleavage complexes was observed, such as for fluoroquinolones, confirmed by a lack of induction of DSBs and the SOS response in E. coli reporter strains. These results highlight additional mechanisms of action of MGB-BP-3, including interference of the action of type II bacterial topoisomerases. While MGB-BP-3's lack of Gram-negative activity was confirmed, and an understanding of this presented, the recognition that MGB-BP-3 can target DNA of Gram-negative organisms will enable further iterations of design to achieve a Gram-negative active S-MGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Hind
- Research
and Evaluation, UKHSA Porton Down, SalisburySP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Clifford
- Research
and Evaluation, UKHSA Porton Down, SalisburySP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Woolley
- Research
and Evaluation, UKHSA Porton Down, SalisburySP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Harmer
- School
of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, HuddersfieldHD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - Leah M. C. McGee
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, GlasgowG1 1XL, United
Kingdom
| | - Izaak Tyson-Hirst
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, GlasgowG1 1XL, United
Kingdom
| | - Henry J. Tait
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, GlasgowG1 1XL, United
Kingdom
| | - Daniel P. Brooke
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, GlasgowG1 1XL, United
Kingdom
| | - Stephanie J. Dancer
- Department
of Microbiology, Hairmyres Hospital, NHS Lanarkshire, GlasgowG75 8RG, United Kingdom
- School
of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, EdinburghEH11 4BN, United Kingdom
| | - Iain S. Hunter
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, GlasgowG4 0RE, United
Kingdom
| | - Colin J. Suckling
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, GlasgowG1 1XL, United
Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Beveridge
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, GlasgowG1 1XL, United
Kingdom
| | - John A. Parkinson
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, GlasgowG1 1XL, United
Kingdom
| | - J. Mark Sutton
- Research
and Evaluation, UKHSA Porton Down, SalisburySP4 0JG, United Kingdom
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, LondonSE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Fraser J. Scott
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, GlasgowG1 1XL, United
Kingdom
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5
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Covalent DNA Binding Is Essential for Gram-Negative Antibacterial Activity of Broad Spectrum Pyrrolobenzodiazepines. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121770. [PMID: 36551427 PMCID: PMC9774941 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is urgent to find new antibiotic classes against multidrug-resistant bacteria as the rate of discovery of new classes of antibiotics has been very slow in the last 50 years. Recently, pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs) with a C8-linked aliphatic-heterocycle have been identified as a new broad-spectrum antibiotic class with activity against Gram-negative bacteria. The active imine moiety of the reported lead pyrrolobenzodiazepine compounds was replaced with amide to obtain the non-DNA binding and noncytotoxic dilactam analogues to understand the structure-activity relationship further and improve the safety potential of this class. The synthesised compounds were tested against panels of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including WHO priority pathogens. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for the dilactam analogues ranged from 4 to 32 mg/L for MDR Gram-positive bacteria, compared to 0.03 to 2 mg/L for the corresponding imine analogues. At the same time, they were found to be inactive against MDR Gram-negative bacteria, with a MIC > 32 mg/L, compared to a MIC of 0.5 to 32 mg/L for imine analogues. A molecular modelling study suggests that the lack of imine functionality also affects the interaction of PBDs with DNA gyrase. This study suggests that the presence of N10-C11 imine moiety is crucial for the broad-spectrum activity of pyrrolobenzodiazepines.
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6
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Flagellotropic Bacteriophages: Opportunities and Challenges for Antimicrobial Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137084. [PMID: 35806089 PMCID: PMC9266447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are the most abundant biological entities in the biosphere. As viruses that solely infect bacteria, phages have myriad healthcare and agricultural applications including phage therapy and antibacterial treatments in the foodservice industry. Phage therapy has been explored since the turn of the twentieth century but was no longer prioritized following the invention of antibiotics. As we approach a post-antibiotic society, phage therapy research has experienced a significant resurgence for the use of phages against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, a growing concern in modern medicine. Phages are extraordinarily diverse, as are their host receptor targets. Flagellotropic (flagellum-dependent) phages begin their infection cycle by attaching to the flagellum of their motile host, although the later stages of the infection process of most of these phages remain elusive. Flagella are helical appendages required for swimming and swarming motility and are also of great importance for virulence in many pathogenic bacteria of clinical relevance. Not only is bacterial motility itself frequently important for virulence, as it allows pathogenic bacteria to move toward their host and find nutrients more effectively, but flagella can also serve additional functions including mediating bacterial adhesion to surfaces. Flagella are also a potent antigen recognized by the human immune system. Phages utilizing the flagellum for infections are of particular interest due to the unique evolutionary tradeoff they force upon their hosts: by downregulating or abolishing motility to escape infection by a flagellotropic phage, a pathogenic bacterium would also likely attenuate its virulence. This factor may lead to flagellotropic phages becoming especially potent antibacterial agents. This review outlines past, present, and future research of flagellotropic phages, including their molecular mechanisms of infection and potential future applications.
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7
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Moghadam ES, Mireskandari K, Abdel-Jalil R, Amini M. An approach to pharmacological targets of pyrrole family from a medicinal chemistry viewpoint. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2486-2561. [PMID: 35339175 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220325150531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrole is one of the most widely used heterocycles in the pharmaceutical industry. Due to the importance of pyrrole structure in drug design and development, herein, we tried to conduct an extensive review of the bioactive pyrrole based compounds reported recently. The bioactivity of pyrrole derivatives varies, so in the review, we categorized them based on their direct pharmacologic targets. Therefore, readers are able to find the variety of biologic targets for pyrrole containing compounds easily. This review explains around seventy different biologic targets for pyrrole based derivatives, so, it is helpful for medicinal chemists in design and development novel bioactive compounds for different diseases. This review presents an extensive meaningful structure activity relationship for each reported structure as much as possible. The review focuses on papers published between 2018 and 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Saeedian Moghadam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran14176, Iran.
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, P.O. Box 36, P.C. 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Katayoon Mireskandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Raid Abdel-Jalil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, P.O. Box 36, P.C. 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran14176, Iran.
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Wan Y, Long J, Gao H, Tang Z. 2-Aminothiazole: A privileged scaffold for the discovery of anti-cancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112953. [PMID: 33148490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has been the second heath killer being next only to cardiovascular diseases in human society. Although many efforts have been taken for cancer therapy and many achievements have been yielded in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, the current first-line anti-cancer agents are insufficient owing to the emergence of multi-drug resistance and side effects. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new anti-cancer agents with high activity and low toxicity. 2-Aminothiazole is a class of important scaffold which widely distributes in many natural and synthetic compounds with many pharmacological effects including the potential anti-cancer activity. In this review, we summarized the recent progress of 2-aminothiazole as a privileged scaffold for the discovery of anti-cancer agents based on biological targets, such as tubulin protein, histone acetylase/histone deacetylase (HAT/HDAC), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks), Src/Abl kinase, BRAF kinase, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase and sphingosine kinase (SphK), and also investigated the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of most compounds. It is believed that this review could be helpful for medicinal chemists in the discovery of more anti-cancer agents bearing 2-aminothiazole scaffold with excellent activity and high therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Wan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, PR China.
| | - Jiabing Long
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, PR China
| | - Han Gao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, PR China
| | - Zilong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, PR China
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