1
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Sharma H, Mondal S, Urquiza U, Esparza C, Bartlett S, Santa-Pinter L, Hill H, White M, Sharma P, Luckett-Chastain L, Cooper A, Rasel M, Gao P, Battaile KP, Shukla SK, Lovell S, Ihnat MA. Synthesis and biological characterization of an orally bioavailable lactate dehydrogenase-A inhibitor against pancreatic cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116598. [PMID: 38925013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDHA) is the major isoform of lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) that is overexpressed and linked to poor survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Despite some progress, current LDH inhibitors have poor structural and physicochemical properties or exhibit unfavorable pharmacokinetics that have hampered their development. The present study reports the synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel class of LDHA inhibitors comprising a succinic acid monoamide motif. Compounds 6 and 21 are structurally related analogs that demonstrated potent inhibition of LDHA with IC50s of 46 nM and 72 nM, respectively. We solved cocrystal structures of compound 21-bound to LDHA that showed that the compound binds to a distinct allosteric site between the two subunits of the LDHA tetramer. Inhibition of LDHA correlated with reduced lactate production and reduction of glycolysis in MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells. The lead compounds inhibit the proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cell lines and patient-derived 3D organoids and exhibit a synergistic cytotoxic effect with the OXPHOS inhibitor phenformin. Unlike current LDHA inhibitors, 6 and 21 have appropriate pharmacokinetics and ligand efficiency metrics, exhibit up to 73% oral bioavailability, and a cumulative half-life greater than 4 h in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horrick Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, USA.
| | - Somrita Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, USA
| | - Uzziah Urquiza
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, USA
| | - Colter Esparza
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, USA
| | - Seth Bartlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, USA
| | - Landon Santa-Pinter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, USA
| | - Hanna Hill
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, USA
| | - Madalyn White
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, USA
| | - Pragya Sharma
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, USA
| | - Lerin Luckett-Chastain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Anne Cooper
- Protein Structure and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Mohammad Rasel
- Protein Structure and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Philip Gao
- Protein Production Group, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | - Surendra K Shukla
- Department of Oncology Science, OU College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Scott Lovell
- Protein Structure and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Michael A Ihnat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
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2
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Wang JX, Zhang PL, Gopala L, Lv JS, Lin JM, Zhou CH. A Unique Hybridization Route to Access Hydrazylnaphthalimidols as Novel Structural Scaffolds of Multitargeting Broad-Spectrum Antifungal Candidates. J Med Chem 2024; 67:8932-8961. [PMID: 38814290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
This study developed a class of novel structural antifungal hydrazylnaphthalimidols (HNs) with multitargeting broad-spectrum potential via multicomponent hybridization to confront increasingly severe fungal invasion. Some prepared HNs exhibited considerable antifungal potency; especially nitrofuryl HN 4a (MIC = 0.001 mM) exhibited a potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans, which is 13-fold higher than that of fluconazole. Furthermore, nitrofuryl HN 4a displayed low cytotoxicity, hemolysis and resistance, as well as a rapid fungicidal efficacy. Preliminary mechanistic investigations revealed that nitrofuryl HN 4a could inhibit lactate dehydrogenase to decrease metabolic activity and promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress. Moreover, nitrofuryl HN 4a did not exhibit membrane-targeting ability; it could embed into DNA to block DNA replication but could not cleave DNA. These findings implied that HNs are promising as novel structural scaffolds of potential multitargeting broad-spectrum antifungal candidates for treating fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Wang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Peng-Li Zhang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Lavanya Gopala
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Jing-Song Lv
- College of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University of Engineering Science, Bijie 551700, China
| | - Jian-Mei Lin
- Department of Infections, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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3
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Masci D, Puxeddu M, Silvestri R, La Regina G. Metabolic Rewiring in Cancer: Small Molecule Inhibitors in Colorectal Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2024; 29:2110. [PMID: 38731601 PMCID: PMC11085455 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in cellular metabolism, such as dysregulation in glycolysis, lipid metabolism, and glutaminolysis in response to hypoxic and low-nutrient conditions within the tumor microenvironment, are well-recognized hallmarks of cancer. Therefore, understanding the interplay between aerobic glycolysis, lipid metabolism, and glutaminolysis is crucial for developing effective metabolism-based therapies for cancer, particularly in the context of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this regard, the present review explores the complex field of metabolic reprogramming in tumorigenesis and progression, providing insights into the current landscape of small molecule inhibitors targeting tumorigenic metabolic pathways and their implications for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domiziana Masci
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Michela Puxeddu
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Giuseppe La Regina
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (R.S.)
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4
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Chen J, Chen C, Zhang Z, Zeng F, Zhang S. Exploring the Key Amino Acid Residues Surrounding the Active Center of Lactate Dehydrogenase A for the Development of Ideal Inhibitors. Molecules 2024; 29:2029. [PMID: 38731521 PMCID: PMC11085338 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) primarily catalyzes the conversion between lactic acid and pyruvate, serving as a key enzyme in the aerobic glycolysis pathway of sugar in tumor cells. LDHA plays a crucial role in the occurrence, development, progression, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and immune escape of tumors. Consequently, LDHA not only serves as a biomarker for tumor diagnosis and prognosis but also represents an ideal target for tumor therapy. Although LDHA inhibitors show great therapeutic potential, their development has proven to be challenging. In the development of LDHA inhibitors, the key active sites of LDHA are emphasized. Nevertheless, there is a relative lack of research on the amino acid residues around the active center of LDHA. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the amino acid residues around the active center of LDHA. Through structure comparison analysis, five key amino acid residues (Ala30, Met41, Lys131, Gln233, and Ala259) were identified. Subsequently, the effects of these five residues on the enzymatic properties of LDHA were investigated using site-directed mutagenesis. The results revealed that the catalytic activities of the five mutants varied to different degrees in both the reaction from lactic acid to pyruvate and pyruvate to lactic acid. Notably, the catalytic activities of LDHAM41G and LDHAK131I were improved, particularly in the case of LDHAK131I. The results of the molecular dynamics analysis of LDHAK131I explained the reasons for this phenomenon. Additionally, the optimum temperature of LDHAM41G and LDHAQ233M increased from 35 °C to 40 °C, whereas in the reverse reaction, the optimum temperature of LDHAM41G and LDHAK131I decreased from 70 °C to 60 °C. These findings indicate that Ala30, Met41, Lys131, Gln233, and Ala259 exert diverse effects on the catalytic activity and optimum temperature of LHDA. Therefore, these amino acid residues, in addition to the key catalytic site of the active center, play a crucial role. Considering these residues in the design and screening of LDHA inhibitors may lead to the development of more effective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (J.C.); (C.C.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (J.C.); (C.C.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhengfu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (J.C.); (C.C.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Fancai Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, China West Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanchong 637009, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (J.C.); (C.C.); (Z.Z.)
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5
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Frank AR, Vandiver F, McFadden DG. Forward Genetic Screens Identify Mechanisms of Resistance to Small-Molecule Lactate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:471-482. [PMID: 38270591 PMCID: PMC11110909 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Altered metabolism is a hallmark of cancer; however, it has been difficult to specifically target metabolism in cancer for therapeutic benefit. Cancers with genetically defined defects in metabolic enzymes constitute a subset of cancers where targeting metabolism is potentially accessible. Hürthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid (HTC) tumors frequently harbor deleterious mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in subunits of complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). Previous work has shown that HTC models with deleterious mtDNA mutations exhibit mitochondrial ETC defects that expose lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as a therapeutic vulnerability. Here, we performed forward genetic screens to identify mechanisms of resistance to small-molecule LDH inhibitors. We identified two distinct mechanisms of resistance: upregulation of an LDH isoform and a compound-specific resistance mutation. Using these tools, we demonstrate that the anticancer activity of LDH inhibitors in cell line and xenograft models of complex I mutant HTC is through on-target LDH inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson R. Frank
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Florentina Vandiver
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - David G. McFadden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Lead contact
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6
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Frank AR, Vandiver F, McFadden DG. Forward genetic screens identify mechanisms of resistance to small molecule lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.30.560315. [PMID: 37808702 PMCID: PMC10557759 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.30.560315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Altered metabolism is a hallmark of cancer; however, it has been difficult to specifically target metabolism in cancer for therapeutic benefit. Cancers with genetically defined defects in metabolic enzymes constitute a subset of cancers where targeting metabolism is potentially accessible. Hürthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid (HTC) tumors frequently harbor deleterious mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in subunits of complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). Previous work has shown that HTC models with deleterious mtDNA mutations exhibit mitochondrial ETC defects that expose lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as a therapeutic vulnerability. Here, we performed forward genetic screens to identify mechanisms of resistance to small molecule LDH inhibitors. We identified two distinct mechanisms of resistance: upregulation of an LDH isoform and a compound-specific resistance mutation. Using these tools, we demonstrate that the anti-cancer activity of LDH inhibitors in cell line and xenograft models of complex I-mutant HTC is through on-target LDH inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson R Frank
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Florentina Vandiver
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - David G McFadden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Lead contact
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7
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Zhang J, Qiu Z, Zhang Y, Wang G, Hao H. Intracellular spatiotemporal metabolism in connection to target engagement. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 200:115024. [PMID: 37516411 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism in eukaryotic cells is a highly ordered system involving various cellular compartments, which fluctuates based on physiological rhythms. Organelles, as the smallest independent sub-cell unit, are important contributors to cell metabolism and drug metabolism, collectively designated intracellular metabolism. However, disruption of intracellular spatiotemporal metabolism can lead to disease development and progression, as well as drug treatment interference. In this review, we systematically discuss spatiotemporal metabolism in cells and cell subpopulations. In particular, we focused on metabolism compartmentalization and physiological rhythms, including the variation and regulation of metabolic enzymes, metabolic pathways, and metabolites. Additionally, the intricate relationship among intracellular spatiotemporal metabolism, metabolism-related diseases, and drug therapy/toxicity has been discussed. Finally, approaches and strategies for intracellular spatiotemporal metabolism analysis and potential target identification are introduced, along with examples of potential new drug design based on this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixia Qiu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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8
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Frank AR, Li V, Shelton SD, Kim J, Stott GM, Neckers LM, Xie Y, Williams NS, Mishra P, McFadden DG. Mitochondrial-Encoded Complex I Impairment Induces a Targetable Dependency on Aerobic Fermentation in Hürthle Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:1884-1903. [PMID: 37262072 PMCID: PMC10524862 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A metabolic hallmark of cancer identified by Warburg is the increased consumption of glucose and secretion of lactate, even in the presence of oxygen. Although many tumors exhibit increased glycolytic activity, most forms of cancer rely on mitochondrial respiration for tumor growth. We report here that Hürthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid (HTC) models harboring mitochondrial DNA-encoded defects in complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain exhibit impaired respiration and alterations in glucose metabolism. CRISPR-Cas9 pooled screening identified glycolytic enzymes as selectively essential in complex I-mutant HTC cells. We demonstrate in cultured cells and a patient-derived xenograft model that small-molecule inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase selectively induce an ATP crisis and cell death in HTC. This work demonstrates that complex I loss exposes fermentation as a therapeutic target in HTC and has implications for other tumors bearing mutations that irreversibly damage mitochondrial respiration. SIGNIFICANCE HTC is enriched in somatic mtDNA mutations predicted to affect complex I of the electron transport chain (ETC). We demonstrate that these mutations impair respiration and induce a therapeutically tractable reliance on aerobic fermentation for cell survival. This work provides a rationale for targeting fermentation in cancers harboring irreversible genetically encoded ETC defects. See related article by Gopal et al., p. 1904. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1749.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson R Frank
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Vicky Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Spencer D Shelton
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Gordon M Stott
- Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 24060, USA
| | - Leonard M Neckers
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Noelle S Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Deparment of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - David G McFadden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Lead contact
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9
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Salido S, Alejo-Armijo A, Altarejos J. Synthesis and hLDH Inhibitory Activity of Analogues to Natural Products with 2,8-Dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Scaffold. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9925. [PMID: 37373073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human lactate dehydrogenase (hLDH) is a tetrameric enzyme present in almost all tissues. Among its five different isoforms, hLDHA and hLDHB are the predominant ones. In the last few years, hLDHA has emerged as a therapeutic target for the treatment of several kinds of disorders, including cancer and primary hyperoxaluria. hLDHA inhibition has been clinically validated as a safe therapeutic method and clinical trials using biotechnological approaches are currently being evaluated. Despite the well-known advantages of pharmacological treatments based on small-molecule drugs, few compounds are currently in preclinical stage. We have recently reported the detection of some 2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane core derivatives as new hLDHA inhibitors. Here, we extended our work synthesizing a large number of derivatives (42-70) by reaction between flavylium salts (27-35) and several nucleophiles (36-41). Nine 2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives showed IC50 values lower than 10 µM against hLDHA and better activity than our previously reported compound 2. In order to know the selectivity of the synthesized compounds against hLDHA, their hLDHB inhibitory activities were also measured. In particular, compounds 58, 62a, 65b, and 68a have shown the lowest IC50 values against hLDHA (3.6-12.0 µM) and the highest selectivity rate (>25). Structure-activity relationships have been deduced. Kinetic studies using a Lineweaver-Burk double-reciprocal plot have indicated that both enantiomers of 68a and 68b behave as noncompetitive inhibitors on hLDHA enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Salido
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Alfonso Alejo-Armijo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Joaquín Altarejos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
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10
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Sun N, Kabir M, Lee Y, Xie L, Hu X, Velez J, Chen X, Kaniskan HÜ, Jin J. Discovery of the First Lactate Dehydrogenase Proteolysis Targeting Chimera Degrader for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:596-610. [PMID: 36538511 PMCID: PMC9969998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a key glycolytic enzyme and biomarker of aggressive cancers. LDHA and LDHB are two main LDH subunits, and both are frequently overexpressed in tumors and essential for tumor growth. A number of LDHA/B small-molecule inhibitors have been developed. Here, we report the discovery of the first LDH proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) degrader, compound 22 (MS6105). 22 potently degraded LDHA in a time- and ubiquitin-proteasome system-dependent manner. Using an unbiased global proteomic study, we confirmed that 22 degraded both LDHA and LDHB significantly. 22 was significantly more potent than the parent LDH inhibitor in suppressing the growth of both quasi-mesenchymal state and epithelial state pancreatic cancer cell lines. Furthermore, 22 was bioavailable in mice through intraperitoneal injection. Overall, 22 could be a valuable chemical tool for the research community to explore pathophysiological functions of LDH in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sun
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Md Kabir
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Youngeun Lee
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Ling Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Julia Velez
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Xian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - H Ümit Kaniskan
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
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11
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Heuser C, Renner K, Kreutz M, Gattinoni L. Targeting lactate metabolism for cancer immunotherapy - a matter of precision. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 88:32-45. [PMID: 36496155 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive T cell therapies have been valuable additions to the toolbox in the fight against cancer. These treatments have profoundly increased the number of patients with a realistic perspective toward a return to a cancer-free life. Yet, in a number of patients and tumor entities, cancer immunotherapies have been ineffective so far. In solid tumors, immune exclusion and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment represent substantial roadblocks to successful therapeutic outcomes. A major contributing factor to the depressed anti-tumor activity of immune cells in tumors is the harsh metabolic environment. Hypoxia, nutrient competition with tumor and stromal cells, and accumulating noxious waste products, including lactic acid, pose massive constraints to anti-tumor immune cells. Numerous strategies are being developed to exploit the metabolic vulnerabilities of tumor cells in the hope that these would also alleviate metabolism-inflicted immune suppression. While promising in principle, especially in combination with immunotherapies, these strategies need to be scrutinized for their effect on tumor-fighting immune cells, which share some of their key metabolic properties with tumor cells. Here, we provide an overview of strategies that seek to tackle lactate metabolism in tumor or immune cells to unleash anti-tumor immune responses, thereby opening therapeutic options for patients whose tumors are currently not treatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Heuser
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Renner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marina Kreutz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Immunometabolomics, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Center for Immunomedicine in Transplantation and Oncology (CITO), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Luca Gattinoni
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Center for Immunomedicine in Transplantation and Oncology (CITO), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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12
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Heterocyclic Compounds as Hsp90 Inhibitors: A Perspective on Anticancer Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102220. [PMID: 36297655 PMCID: PMC9610671 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) have garnered special attention in cancer therapy as molecular chaperones with regulatory/mediatory effects on folding, maintenance/stability, maturation, and conformation of proteins as well as their effects on prevention of protein aggregation. Hsp90 ensures the stability of various client proteins needed for the growth of cells or the survival of tumor cells; therefore, they are overexpressed in tumor cells and play key roles in carcinogenesis. Accordingly, Hsp90 inhibitors are recognized as attractive therapeutic agents for investigations pertaining to tumor suppression. Natural Hsp90 inhibitors comprising geldanamycin (GM), reclaimed analogs of GM including 17-AAG and DMAG, and radicicol, a natural macrocyclic antifungal, are among the first potent Hsp90 inhibitors. Herein, recently synthesized heterocyclic compounds recognized as potent Hsp90 inhibitors are reviewed along with the anticancer effects of heterocyclic compounds, comprising purine, pyrazole, triazine, quinolines, coumarin, and isoxazoles molecules.
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13
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Sanchez TW, Ronzetti MH, Owens AE, Antony M, Voss T, Wallgren E, Talley D, Balakrishnan K, Leyes Porello SE, Rai G, Marugan JJ, Michael SG, Baljinnyam B, Southall N, Simeonov A, Henderson MJ. Real-Time Cellular Thermal Shift Assay to Monitor Target Engagement. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2471-2482. [PMID: 36049119 PMCID: PMC9486815 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Determining a molecule's mechanism of action is paramount during chemical probe development and drug discovery. The cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) is a valuable tool to confirm target engagement in cells for a small molecule that demonstrates a pharmacological effect. CETSA directly detects biophysical interactions between ligands and protein targets, which can alter a protein's unfolding and aggregation properties in response to thermal challenge. In traditional CETSA experiments, each temperature requires an individual sample, which restricts throughput and requires substantial optimization. To capture the full aggregation profile of a protein from a single sample, we developed a prototype real-time CETSA (RT-CETSA) platform by coupling a real-time PCR instrument with a CCD camera to detect luminescence. A thermally stable Nanoluciferase variant (ThermLuc) was bioengineered to withstand unfolding at temperatures greater than 90 °C and was compatible with monitoring target engagement events when fused to diverse targets. Utilizing well-characterized inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase alpha, RT-CETSA showed significant correlation with enzymatic, biophysical, and other cell-based assays. A data analysis pipeline was developed to enhance the sensitivity of RT-CETSA to detect on-target binding. RT-CETSA technology advances capabilities of the CETSA method and facilitates the identification of ligand-target engagement in cells, a critical step in assessing the mechanism of action of a small molecule.
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14
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Alejo-Armijo A, Cuadrado C, Altarejos J, Fernandes MX, Salido E, Diaz-Gavilan M, Salido S. Lactate dehydrogenase A inhibitors with a 2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane scaffold: A contribution to molecular therapies for primary hyperoxalurias. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106127. [PMID: 36113265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human lactate dehydrogenase A (hLDHA) is one of the main enzymes involved in the pathway of oxalate synthesis in human liver and seems to contribute to the pathogenesis of disorders with endogenous oxalate overproduction, such as primary hyperoxaluria (PH), a rare life-threatening genetic disease. Recent published results on the knockdown of LDHA gene expression as a safe strategy to ameliorate oxalate build-up in PH patients are encouraging for an approach of hLDHA inhibition by small molecules as a potential pharmacological treatment. Thus, we now report on the synthesis and hLDHA inhibitory activity of a new family of compounds with 2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane core (23-42), a series of twenty analogues to A-type proanthocyanidin natural products. Nine of them (25-27, 29-34) have shown IC50 values in the range of 8.7-26.7 µM, based on a UV spectrophotometric assay, where the hLDHA inhibition is measured according to the decrease in absorbance of the cofactor β-NADH (340 nm). Compounds 25, 29, and 31 were the most active hLDHA inhibitors. In addition, the inhibitory activities of those nine compounds against the hLDHB isoform were also evaluated, finding that all of them were more selective inhibitors of hLDHA versus hLDHB. Among them, compounds 32 and 34 showed the highest selectivity. Moreover, the most active hLDHA inhibitors (25, 29, 31) were evaluated for their ability to decrease the oxalate production by hyperoxaluric mouse hepatocytes (PH1, PH2 and PH3) in vitro, and the relative oxalate output at 24 h was 16% and 19 % for compounds 25 and 31, respectively, in Hoga1-/- mouse primary hepatocyte cells (a model for PH3). These values improve those of the reference compound used (stiripentol). Compounds 25 and 31 have in common the presence of two hydroxyl groups at rings B and D and an electron-withdrawing group (NO2 or Br) at ring A, pointing to the structural features to be taken into account in future structural optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Alejo-Armijo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Cristina Cuadrado
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Joaquin Altarejos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Miguel X Fernandes
- Instituto Universitario de Bioorgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Eduardo Salido
- Hospital Universitario de Canarias & Center for Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 38320 Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Monica Diaz-Gavilan
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Sofia Salido
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
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15
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Di Magno L, Coluccia A, Bufano M, Ripa S, La Regina G, Nalli M, Di Pastena F, Canettieri G, Silvestri R, Frati L. Discovery of novel human lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors: Structure-based virtual screening studies and biological assessment. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 240:114605. [PMID: 35868126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Most cancer cells switch their metabolism from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis to generate ATP and precursors for the biosynthesis of key macromolecules. The aerobic conversion of pyruvate to lactate, coupled to oxidation of the nicotinamide cofactor, is a primary hallmark of cancer and is catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a central effector of this pathological reprogrammed metabolism. Hence, inhibition of LDH is a potential new promising therapeutic approach for cancer. In the search for new LDH inhibitors, we carried out a structure-based virtual screening campaign. Here, we report the identification of a novel specific LDH inhibitor, the pyridazine derivative 18 (RS6212), that exhibits potent anticancer activity within the micromolar range in multiple cancer cell lines and synergizes with complex I inhibition in the suppression of tumor growth. Altogether, our data support the conclusion that compound 18 deserves to be further investigated as a starting point for the development of LDH inhibitors and for novel anticancer strategies based on the targeting of key metabolic steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Di Magno
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Coluccia
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marianna Bufano
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Ripa
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Regina
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Nalli
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Di Pastena
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Canettieri
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luigi Frati
- Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Via Regina Elena 291, I-00161, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed S.p.A., Via Atinense 18, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.
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16
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Sainero-Alcolado L, Liaño-Pons J, Ruiz-Pérez MV, Arsenian-Henriksson M. Targeting mitochondrial metabolism for precision medicine in cancer. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1304-1317. [PMID: 35831624 PMCID: PMC9287557 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During decades, the research field of cancer metabolism was based on the Warburg effect, described almost one century ago. Lately, the key role of mitochondria in cancer development has been demonstrated. Many mitochondrial pathways including oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid, glutamine, and one carbon metabolism are altered in tumors, due to mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, as well as in metabolic enzymes. This results in metabolic reprogramming that sustains rapid cell proliferation and can lead to an increase in reactive oxygen species used by cancer cells to maintain pro-tumorigenic signaling pathways while avoiding cellular death. The knowledge acquired on the importance of mitochondrial cancer metabolism is now being translated into clinical practice. Detailed genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analysis of tumors are necessary to develop more precise treatments. The successful use of drugs targeting metabolic mitochondrial enzymes has highlighted the potential for their use in precision medicine and many therapeutic candidates are in clinical trials. However, development of efficient personalized drugs has proved challenging and the combination with other strategies such as chemocytotoxic drugs, immunotherapy, and ketogenic or calorie restriction diets is likely necessary to boost their potential. In this review, we summarize the main mitochondrial features, metabolic pathways, and their alterations in different cancer types. We also present an overview of current inhibitors, highlight enzymes that are attractive targets, and discuss challenges with translation of these approaches into clinical practice. The role of mitochondria in cancer is indisputable and presents several attractive targets for both tailored and personalized cancer therapy. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Sainero-Alcolado
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum B7, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Judit Liaño-Pons
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum B7, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - María Victoria Ruiz-Pérez
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum B7, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Arsenian-Henriksson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum B7, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden.
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17
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Sharifyrad M, Gohari S, Fathi M, Danafar H, Hosseini MJ, Mostafavi H, Manjili HK. The efficacy and neuroprotective effects of edaravone-loaded mPEG-b-PLGA polymeric nanoparticles on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line as in vitro model of ischemia. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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18
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Serra M, Di Matteo M, Serneels J, Pal R, Cafarello ST, Lanza M, Sanchez-Martin C, Evert M, Castegna A, Calvisi DF, Mazzone M, Columbano A. Deletion of Lactate Dehydrogenase-A Impairs Oncogene-Induced Mouse Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:609-624. [PMID: 35714859 PMCID: PMC9307943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a multistep process whereby abnormally proliferating cancer cells undergo extensive metabolic reprogramming. Metabolic alterations in hepatocarcinogenesis depend on the activation of specific oncogenes, thus partially explaining HCC heterogeneity. c-Myc oncogene overexpression, frequently observed in human HCCs, leads to a metabolic rewiring toward a Warburg phenotype and production of lactate, resulting in the acidification of the extracellular space, favoring the emergence of an immune-permissive tumor microenvironment. Here, we investigated whether Ldha genetic ablation interferes with metabolic reprogramming and HCC development in the mouse. METHODS We characterized the metabolic reprogramming in tumors induced in C57BL/6J mice hydrodynamically cotransfected with c-Myc and h-Ras. Using the same experimental model, we investigated the effect of Ldha inhibition-gained through the inducible and hepatocyte-specific Ldha knockout-on cancer cell metabolic reprogramming, number and size of HCC lesions, and tumor microenvironment alterations. RESULTS c-Myc/h-Ras-driven tumors display a striking glycolytic metabolism, suggesting a switch to a Warburg phenotype. The tumors also exhibited enhanced pentose phosphate pathway activity, the switch of glutamine to sustain glutathione synthesis instead of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the impairment of oxidative phosphorylation. In addition, Ldha abrogation significantly hampered tumor number and size together with an evident inhibition of the Warburg-like metabolic feature and a remarkable increase of CD4+ lymphocytes compared with Ldha wild-type livers. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that Ldha deletion significantly impairs mouse HCC development and suggest lactate dehydrogenase as a potential target to enhance the efficacy of the current therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mario Di Matteo
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Leuven, Belgium,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jens Serneels
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Leuven, Belgium,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rajesh Pal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sarah Trusso Cafarello
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Leuven, Belgium,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martina Lanza
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlos Sanchez-Martin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alessandra Castegna
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Leuven, Belgium,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amedeo Columbano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Amedeo Columbano, PhD, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SP 8, Km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy. fax: 070 666062.
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19
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Zhang C, Liu N. Noncoding RNAs in the Glycolysis of Ovarian Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:855488. [PMID: 35431949 PMCID: PMC9005897 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.855488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism reprogramming is the characteristic feature of tumors. The tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance of ovarian cancer (OC) is dependent on energy metabolism. Even under adequate oxygen conditions, OC cells tend to convert glucose to lactate, and glycolysis can rapidly produce ATP to meet their metabolic energy needs. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) interact directly with DNA, RNA, and proteins to function as an essential regulatory in gene expression and tumor pathology. Studies have shown that ncRNAs regulate the process of glycolysis by interacting with the predominant glycolysis enzyme and cellular signaling pathway, participating in tumorigenesis and progression. This review summarizes the mechanism of ncRNAs regulation in glycolysis in OC and investigates potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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20
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Targeting oncometabolism to maximize immunotherapy in malignant brain tumors. Oncogene 2022; 41:2663-2671. [PMID: 35430605 PMCID: PMC9081266 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors result in significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Recent data indicates that immunotherapies may offer a survival benefit after standard of care has failed for malignant brain tumors. Modest results from several late phase clinical trials, however, underscore the need for more refined, comprehensive strategies that incorporate new mechanistic and pharmacologic knowledge. Recently, oncometabolism has emerged as an adjunct modality for combinatorial treatment approaches necessitated by the aggressive, refractory nature of high-grade glioma and other progressive malignant brain tumors. Manipulation of metabolic processes in cancer and immune cells that comprise the tumor microenvironment through controlled targeting of oncogenic pathways may be utilized to maximize the efficacy of immunotherapy and improve patient outcomes. Herein, we summarize preclinical and early phase clinical trial research of oncometabolism-based therapeutics that may augment immunotherapy by exploiting the biochemical and genetic underpinnings of brain tumors. We also examine metabolic pathways related to immune cells that target tumor cells, termed ‘tumor immunometabolism’. Specifically, we focus on glycolysis and altered glucose metabolism, including glucose transporters, hexokinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase, glutamine, and we discuss targeting arginase, adenosine, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), and toll-like receptors. Lastly, we summarize future directions targeting metabolism in combination with emerging therapies such as oncolytic virotherapy, vaccines, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells.
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21
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Discovery of small molecules interacting at lactate dehydrogenases tetrameric interface using a biophysical screening cascade. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 230:114102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Wei B, Robarge K, Labadie SS, Chen J, Corson LB, DiPasquale A, Dragovich PS, Eigenbrot C, Evangelista M, Fauber BP, Hitz A, Hong R, Wah Lai K, Liu W, Ma S, Malek S, O'Brien T, Pang J, Peterson D, Salphati L, Sampath D, Sideris S, Ultsch M, Xu Z, Yen I, Yu D, Yue Q, Zhou A, Purkey HE. Structure-based Optimization of Hydroxylactam as Potent, Cell-Active Inhibitors of Lactate Dehydrogenase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 59:128576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Stine ZE, Schug ZT, Salvino JM, Dang CV. Targeting cancer metabolism in the era of precision oncology. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 21:141-162. [PMID: 34862480 PMCID: PMC8641543 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 134.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
One hundred years have passed since Warburg discovered alterations in cancer metabolism, more than 70 years since Sidney Farber introduced anti-folates that transformed the treatment of childhood leukaemia, and 20 years since metabolism was linked to oncogenes. However, progress in targeting cancer metabolism therapeutically in the past decade has been limited. Only a few metabolism-based drugs for cancer have been successfully developed, some of which are in - or en route to - clinical trials. Strategies for targeting the intrinsic metabolism of cancer cells often did not account for the metabolism of non-cancer stromal and immune cells, which have pivotal roles in tumour progression and maintenance. By considering immune cell metabolism and the clinical manifestations of inborn errors of metabolism, it may be possible to isolate undesirable off-tumour, on-target effects of metabolic drugs during their development. Hence, the conceptual framework for drug design must consider the metabolic vulnerabilities of non-cancer cells in the tumour immune microenvironment, as well as those of cancer cells. In this Review, we cover the recent developments, notable milestones and setbacks in targeting cancer metabolism, and discuss the way forward for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chi V Dang
- The Wistar Institute Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research New York, New York, NY, USA.
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24
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Ortiz PD, Castillo-Rodriguez J, Tapia J, Zarate X, Vallejos GA, Roa V, Molins E, Bustos C, Schott E. A novel series of pyrazole derivatives toward biological applications: experimental and conceptual DFT characterization. Mol Divers 2021; 26:2443-2457. [PMID: 34724138 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10342-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 13 pyrazole-derivative compounds with potential antifungal activity were synthetized with good yields. The series have the (E)-2-((1-(R)-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)diazenyl)phenol general structure and were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis, FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and two-dimensional NMR experiments. This experimental characterization was complemented by DFT simulations. A deep insight regarding molecular reactivity was accomplished employing a conceptual DFT approach. In this sense, dual descriptors were calculated at HF and DFT level of theory and GGV spin-density Fukui functions. The main reactive region within the molecules was mapped through isosurface and condensed representations. Finally, chemical descriptors that have previously shown to be close related to biological activity were compared within the series. Thus, higher values of chemical potential ω and electrophilicity χ obtained for compounds 10, 9, 8, 6 and 7, in this order, suggest that these molecules are the better candidates as biological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro D Ortiz
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Llano Subercaseaux, 2801, Santiago, Chile
| | - Judith Castillo-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Centro de Energía UC, Centro de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Tapia
- Departamento de Ciencias Quı́micas y Biológicas, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Facultad de Salud, General Gana, 1702, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Zarate
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Llano Subercaseaux, 2801, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Gabriel A Vallejos
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Las Encinas 220, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Vanesa Roa
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Centro de Energía UC, Centro de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elies Molins
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carlos Bustos
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Las Encinas 220, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Eduardo Schott
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Centro de Energía UC, Centro de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Santiago, Chile.
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25
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CAR T-Cells Depend on the Coupling of NADH Oxidation with ATP Production. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092334. [PMID: 34571983 PMCID: PMC8472053 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic milieu of solid tumors provides a barrier to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies. Excessive lactate or hypoxia suppresses T-cell growth, through mechanisms including NADH buildup and the depletion of oxidized metabolites. NADH is converted into NAD+ by the enzyme Lactobacillus brevis NADH Oxidase (LbNOX), which mimics the oxidative function of the electron transport chain without generating ATP. Here we determine if LbNOX promotes human CAR T-cell metabolic activity and antitumor efficacy. CAR T-cells expressing LbNOX have enhanced oxygen as well as lactate consumption and increased pyruvate production. LbNOX renders CAR T-cells resilient to lactate dehydrogenase inhibition. But in vivo in a model of mesothelioma, CAR T-cell's expressing LbNOX showed no increased antitumor efficacy over control CAR T-cells. We hypothesize that T cells in hostile environments face dual metabolic stressors of excessive NADH and insufficient ATP production. Accordingly, futile T-cell NADH oxidation by LbNOX is insufficient to promote tumor clearance.
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26
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The tumor suppressor folliculin inhibits lactate dehydrogenase A and regulates the Warburg effect. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2021; 28:662-670. [PMID: 34381247 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-021-00633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells, also known as the 'Warburg effect', is driven by hyperactivity of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). LDHA is thought to be a substrate-regulated enzyme, but it is unclear whether a dedicated intracellular protein also regulates its activity. Here, we identify the human tumor suppressor folliculin (FLCN) as a binding partner and uncompetitive inhibitor of LDHA. A flexible loop within the amino terminus of FLCN controls movement of the LDHA active-site loop, tightly regulating its enzyme activity and, consequently, metabolic homeostasis in normal cells. Cancer cells that experience the Warburg effect show FLCN dissociation from LDHA. Treatment of these cells with a decapeptide derived from the FLCN loop region causes cell death. Our data suggest that the glycolytic shift of cancer cells is the result of FLCN inactivation or dissociation from LDHA. Together, FLCN-mediated inhibition of LDHA provides a new paradigm for the regulation of glycolysis.
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27
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Ding J, Gumpena R, Boily MO, Caron A, Chong O, Cox JH, Dumais V, Gaudreault S, Graff AH, King A, Knight J, Oballa R, Surendradoss J, Tang T, Wu J, Lowther WT, Powell DA. Dual Glycolate Oxidase/Lactate Dehydrogenase A Inhibitors for Primary Hyperoxaluria. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1116-1123. [PMID: 34267881 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Both glycolate oxidase (GO) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) influence the endogenous synthesis of oxalate and are clinically validated targets for treatment of primary hyperoxaluria (PH). We investigated whether dual inhibition of GO and LDHA may provide advantage over single agents in treating PH. Utilizing a structure-based drug design (SBDD) approach, we developed a series of novel, potent, dual GO/LDHA inhibitors. X-ray crystal structures of compound 15 bound to individual GO and LDHA proteins validated our SBDD strategy. Dual inhibitor 7 demonstrated an IC50 of 88 nM for oxalate reduction in an Agxt-knockdown mouse hepatocyte assay. Limited by poor liver exposure, this series of dual inhibitors failed to demonstrate significant PD modulation in an in vivo mouse model. This work highlights the challenges in optimizing in vivo liver exposures for diacid containing compounds and limited benefit seen with dual GO/LDHA inhibitors over single agents alone in an in vitro setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyue Ding
- Chinook Therapeutics, 210-887 Great
Northern Way, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5T 4T5, Canada and 1600 Fairview Avenue E, Suite #100, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Rajesh Gumpena
- Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Marc-Olivier Boily
- Chinook Therapeutics, 210-887 Great
Northern Way, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5T 4T5, Canada and 1600 Fairview Avenue E, Suite #100, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Chinook Therapeutics, 210-887 Great
Northern Way, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5T 4T5, Canada and 1600 Fairview Avenue E, Suite #100, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Oliver Chong
- Chinook Therapeutics, 210-887 Great
Northern Way, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5T 4T5, Canada and 1600 Fairview Avenue E, Suite #100, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Jennifer H. Cox
- Chinook Therapeutics, 210-887 Great
Northern Way, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5T 4T5, Canada and 1600 Fairview Avenue E, Suite #100, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Valerie Dumais
- Chinook Therapeutics, 210-887 Great
Northern Way, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5T 4T5, Canada and 1600 Fairview Avenue E, Suite #100, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Samuel Gaudreault
- Chinook Therapeutics, 210-887 Great
Northern Way, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5T 4T5, Canada and 1600 Fairview Avenue E, Suite #100, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Aaron H. Graff
- Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Andrew King
- Chinook Therapeutics, 210-887 Great
Northern Way, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5T 4T5, Canada and 1600 Fairview Avenue E, Suite #100, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - John Knight
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 720 20th Street South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Renata Oballa
- Chinook Therapeutics, 210-887 Great
Northern Way, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5T 4T5, Canada and 1600 Fairview Avenue E, Suite #100, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Jayakumar Surendradoss
- Chinook Therapeutics, 210-887 Great
Northern Way, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5T 4T5, Canada and 1600 Fairview Avenue E, Suite #100, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Tim Tang
- Chinook Therapeutics, 210-887 Great
Northern Way, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5T 4T5, Canada and 1600 Fairview Avenue E, Suite #100, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Joyce Wu
- Chinook Therapeutics, 210-887 Great
Northern Way, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5T 4T5, Canada and 1600 Fairview Avenue E, Suite #100, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - W. Todd Lowther
- Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - David A. Powell
- Chinook Therapeutics, 210-887 Great
Northern Way, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5T 4T5, Canada and 1600 Fairview Avenue E, Suite #100, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
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28
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Perkons NR, Johnson O, Pilla G, Gade TPF. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]-pyruvate in a translational oncologic model. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4502. [PMID: 33772910 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the in vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]-pyruvate in a translational cancer model in order to inform the application of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-enhanced magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) as a tool for imaging liver cancer. Intratumoral metabolism within autochthonous hepatocellular carcinomas in male Wistar rats was analyzed by MRSI following hyperpolarized [1-13 C]-pyruvate injections with 80 mM (low dose [LD]) or 160 mM (high dose [HD]) pyruvate. Rats received (i) LD followed by HD injection, (ii) sequential LD injections with or without an interposed lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor (LDHi) injection, or (iii) a single LD injection. A subset of rats in (ii) were sacrificed immediately after imaging, permitting measurement of active LDH concentrations in tumor extracts. Urine and serum were collected before and after injections for rats in (iii). Comparison of LD and HD injections confirmed concentration-dependent variation of intratumoral metabolite fractions and intermetabolite ratios. In addition, quantification of the lactate-to-pyruvate ratio was sensitive to pharmacologic inhibition with intermetabolite ratios correlating with active LDH concentrations in tumor extracts. Finally, comparison of pre- and post-DNP urine collections revealed that pyruvate and the radical source are renally excreted after injection. These data demonstrate that DNP-MRSI facilitates real-time quantification of intratumoral metabolism that is repeatable and reflective of intracellular processes. A translational model system confirmed that interpretation requires consideration of probe dose, administration frequency and excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Perkons
- Penn Image Guided Interventions Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Omar Johnson
- Penn Image Guided Interventions Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gabrielle Pilla
- Penn Image Guided Interventions Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Terence P F Gade
- Penn Image Guided Interventions Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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29
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Christov PP, Kim K, Jana S, Romaine IM, Rai G, Mott BT, Allweil AA, Lamers A, Brimacombe KR, Urban DJ, Lee TD, Hu X, Lukacs CM, Davies DR, Jadhav A, Hall MD, Green N, Moore WJ, Stott GM, Flint AJ, Maloney DJ, Sulikowski GA, Waterson AG. Optimization of ether and aniline based inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 41:127974. [PMID: 33771585 PMCID: PMC8113097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a critical enzyme in the glycolytic metabolism pathway that is used by many tumor cells. Inhibitors of LDH may be expected to inhibit the metabolic processes in cancer cells and thus selectively delay or inhibit growth in transformed versus normal cells. We have previously disclosed a pyrazole-based series of potent LDH inhibitors with long residence times on the enzyme. Here, we report the elaboration of a new subseries of LDH inhibitors based on those leads. These new compounds potently inhibit both LDHA and LDHB enzymes, and inhibit lactate production in cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plamen P Christov
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Kwangho Kim
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Somnath Jana
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Ian M Romaine
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Ganesha Rai
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Bryan T Mott
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Alexander A Allweil
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Alexander Lamers
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Kyle R Brimacombe
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Daniel J Urban
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Tobie D Lee
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Xin Hu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Christine M Lukacs
- Beryllium Discovery Corp, 7869 Day Rd West, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, United States
| | - Douglas R Davies
- Beryllium Discovery Corp, 7869 Day Rd West, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, United States
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Matthew D Hall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Neal Green
- Beryllium Discovery Corp, 7869 Day Rd West, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, United States
| | - William J Moore
- NExT Program Support, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Gordon M Stott
- NExT Program Support, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Andrew J Flint
- NExT Program Support, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - David J Maloney
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Gary A Sulikowski
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Alex G Waterson
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
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30
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Small Molecule-Based Enzyme Inhibitors in the Treatment of Primary Hyperoxalurias. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020074. [PMID: 33513899 PMCID: PMC7912158 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary hyperoxalurias (PHs) are a group of inherited alterations of the hepatic glyoxylate metabolism. PHs classification based on gene mutations parallel a variety of enzymatic defects, and all involve the harmful accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals that produce systemic damage. These geographically widespread rare diseases have a deep impact in the life quality of the patients. Until recently, treatments were limited to palliative measures and kidney/liver transplants in the most severe forms. Efforts made to develop pharmacological treatments succeeded with the biotechnological agent lumasiran, a siRNA product against glycolate oxidase, which has become the first effective therapy to treat PH1. However, small molecule drugs have classically been preferred since they benefit from experience and have better pharmacological properties. The development of small molecule inhibitors designed against key enzymes of glyoxylate metabolism is on the focus of research. Enzyme inhibitors are successful and widely used in several diseases and their pharmacokinetic advantages are well known. In PHs, effective enzymatic targets have been determined and characterized for drug design and interesting inhibitory activities have been achieved both in vitro and in vivo. This review describes the most recent advances towards the development of small molecule enzyme inhibitors in the treatment of PHs, introducing the multi-target approach as a more effective and safe therapeutic option.
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