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Zhou M, Wang Y, Xia Y, Li Y, Bao J, Zhang Y, Cheng J, Shi Y. MRI-guided cell membrane-camouflaged bimetallic coordination nanoplatform for combined tumor phototherapy. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101019. [PMID: 38516170 PMCID: PMC10950690 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology for tumor diagnosis and optical therapy has attracted widespread interest due to its low toxicity and convenience but is severely limited due to uncontrollable tumor targeting. In this work, homologous cancer cell membrane-camouflaged multifunctional hybrid metal coordination nanoparticles (DRu/Gd@CM) were prepared for MRI-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) of tumors. Bimetallic coordination nanoparticles are composed of three functional modules: dopamine, Ru(dcbpy)3Cl2 and GdCl3, which are connected through 1,4-Bis[(1H-imidazole-1-yl)methyl]benzene (BIX). Their morphology can be easily controlled by adjusting the ratio of precursors. Optimistically, the intrinsic properties of the precursors, including the photothermal properties of polydopamine (PDA), the magnetic resonance (MR) response of Gd3+, and the singlet oxygen generation of Ru(dcbpy)3Cl2, are well preserved in the hybrid metal nanoparticles. Furthermore, the targeting of homologous cancer cell membranes enables these coordinated nanoparticles to precisely target tumor cells. The MR imaging capabilities and the combination of PDT and PTT were demonstrated in in vitro experiments. In addition, in vivo experiments indicated that the nanoplatform showed excellent tumor accumulation and therapeutic effects on mice with subcutaneous tumors, and could effectively eliminate tumors within 14 days. Therefore, it expanded the new horizon for the preparation of modular nanoplatform and imaging-guided optical therapy of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yaning Xia
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yinhua Li
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jianfeng Bao
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yupeng Shi
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
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2
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Lin X, Zheng M, Xiong K, Wang F, Chen Y, Ji L, Chao H. Two-Photon Photodegradation of E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Cereblon by a Ru(II) Complex: Inducing Ferroptosis in Cisplatin-Resistant Tumor Cells. J Med Chem 2024; 67:8372-8382. [PMID: 38745549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Using photodynamic therapy (PDT) to trigger nonconventional cell death pathways has provided a new scheme for highly efficient and non-side effects to drug-resistant cancer therapies. Nonetheless, the unclear targets of available photosensitizers leave the manner of PDT-induced tumor cell death relatively unpredictable. Herein, we developed a novel Ru(II)-based photosensitizer, Ru-Poma. Possessing the E3 ubiquitin ligase CRBN-targeting moiety and high singlet oxygen yield of 0.96, Ru-Poma was demonstrated to specifically photodegrade endogenous CRBN, increase lipid peroxide, downregulate GPX4 and GAPDH expression, and consequently induce ferroptosis in cisplatin-resistant cancerous cells. Furthermore, with the deep penetration of two-photon excitation, Ru-Poma achieved drug-resistant circumvention in a 3D tumor cell model. Thus, we describe the first sample of the CRBN-targeting Ru(II) complex active in PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Mengsi Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Kai Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Fa Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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3
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Zengin Kurt B, Öztürk Civelek D, Çakmak EB, Kolcuoğlu Y, Şenol H, Sağlık Özkan BN, Dag A, Benkli K. Synthesis of Sorafenib-Ruthenium Complexes, Investigation of Biological Activities and Applications in Drug Delivery Systems as an Anticancer Agent. J Med Chem 2024; 67:4463-4482. [PMID: 38471014 PMCID: PMC10983010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Sorafenib, a multiple kinase inhibitor, is widely used as a first-line treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, there is a need for more effective alternatives when sorafenib proves insufficient. In this study, we aimed to design a structure that surpasses sorafenib's efficacy, leading us to synthesize sorafenib-ruthenium complexes for the first time and investigate their properties. Our results indicate that the sorafenib-ruthenium complexes exhibit superior epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition compared to sorafenib alone. Interestingly, among these complexes, Ru3S demonstrated high activity against various cancer cell lines including sorafenib-resistant HepG2 cells while exhibiting significantly lower cytotoxicity than sorafenib in healthy cell lines. Further evaluation of cell cycle, cell apoptosis, and antiangiogenic effects, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics studies revealed that Ru3S holds great potential as a drug candidate. Additionally, when free Ru3S was encapsulated into polymeric micelles M1, enhanced cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells was observed. Collectively, these findings position Ru3S as a promising candidate for EGFR inhibition and warrant further exploration for drug development purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belma Zengin Kurt
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Dilek Öztürk Civelek
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | | | - Yakup Kolcuoğlu
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz
Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Türkiye
| | - Halil Şenol
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | | | - Aydan Dag
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Kadriye Benkli
- Badakbas
Pharmacy, Altintepe str.
Koknarli 6/C, Maltepe, 34840 Istanbul, Türkiye
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4
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Wu R, Yuen J, Cheung E, Huang Z, Chu E. Review of three-dimensional spheroid culture models of gynecological cancers for photodynamic therapy research. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103975. [PMID: 38237651 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.103975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a specific cancer treatment with minimal side effects. However, it remains challenging to apply PDT clinically, partially due to the difficulty of translating research findings to clinical settings as the conventional 2D cell models used for in vitro research are accepted as less physiologically relevant to a solid tumour. 3D spheroids offer a better model for testing PDT mechanisms and efficacy, particularly on photosensitizer uptake, cellular and subcellular distribution and interaction with cellular oxygen consumption. 3D spheroids are usually generated by scaffold-free and scaffold-based methods and are accepted as physiologically relevant models for PDT anticancer research. Scaffold-free methods offer researchers advantages including high efficiency, reproducible, and controlled microenvironment. While the scaffold-based methods offer an extracellular matrix-like 3D scaffold with the necessary architecture and chemical mediators to support the spheroid formation, the natural scaffold used may limit its usage because of low reproducibility due to patch-to-patch variation. Many studies show that the 3D spheroids do offer advantages to gynceologcial cancer PDT investigation. This article will provide a review of the applications of 3D spheroid culture models for the PDT research of gynaecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rwk Wu
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
| | - Jwm Yuen
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Eyw Cheung
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Z Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Photonics Science and Technology for Medicine, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Esm Chu
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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5
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Wang H, Lai Y, Li D, Karges J, Zhang P, Huang H. Self-Assembly of Erlotinib-Platinum(II) Complexes for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1336-1346. [PMID: 38183413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Due to cell mutation and self-adaptation, the application of clinical drugs with early epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted inhibitors is severely limited. To overcome this limitation, herein, the synthesis and in-depth biological evaluation of an erlotinib-platinum(II) complex as an EGFR-targeted anticancer agent is reported. The metal complex is able to self-assemble inside an aqueous solution and readily form nanostructures with strong photophysical properties. While being poorly toxic toward healthy cells and upon treatment in the dark, the compound was able to induce a cytotoxic effect in the very low micromolar range upon irradiation against EGFR overexpressing (drug resistant) human lung cancer cells as well as multicellular tumor spheroids. Mechanistic insights revealed that the compound was able to selectively degrade the EGFR using the lysosomal degradation pathway upon generation of singlet oxygen at the EGFR. We are confident that this work will open new avenues for the treatment of EGFR-overexpressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yidan Lai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Johannes Karges
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44780, Germany
| | - Pingyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Huaiyi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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6
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Kushwaha R, Singh V, Peters S, Yadav AK, Dolui D, Saha S, Sarkar S, Dutta A, Koch B, Sadhukhan T, Banerjee S. Density Functional Theory-Guided Photo-Triggered Anticancer Activity of Curcumin-Based Zinc(II) Complexes. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:10266-10278. [PMID: 37988143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c02382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has evolved as a new therapeutic modality for cancer treatment with fewer side effects and drug resistance. Curcumin exhibits PDT activity, but its low bioavailability restricts its clinical application. Here, the bioavailability of curcumin was increased by its complex formation with the Zn(II) center. For a structure-activity relationship study, Zn(II)-based complexes (1-3) comprising N^N-based ligands (2,2'-bipyridine in 1 and 2 or 1,10-phenanthroline in 3) and O^O-based ligands (acetylacetone in 1, monoanionic curcumin in 2 and 3) were synthesized and thoroughly characterized. The X-ray structure of the control complex, 1, indicated a square pyramidal shape of the molecules. Photophysical and TD-DFT studies indicated the potential of 2 and 3 as good visible light type-II photosensitizers for PDT. Guided by the TD-DFT studies, the low-energy visible light-triggered singlet oxygen (1O2) generation efficacy of 2 and 3 was explored in solution and in cancer cells. As predicted by the TD-DFT calculations, these complexes produced 1O2 efficiently in the cytosol of MCF-7 cancer cells and ultimately displayed excellent apoptotic anticancer activity in the presence of light. Moreover, the molecular docking investigation showed that complexes 2 and 3 have very good binding affinities with caspase-9 and p-53 proteins and could activate them for cellular apoptosis. Further molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of 3 in the caspase-9 protein binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Virendra Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Silda Peters
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Ashish K Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Dependu Dolui
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Sukanta Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Sujit Sarkar
- Prescience Insilico Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka 560066, India
| | - Arnab Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Biplob Koch
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Tumpa Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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7
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Kaur K, Müller M, Müller M, Schönherr H. Photodynamic Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Ru-Photosensitizers Encapsulated in Enzyme Degradable Nanocarriers. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2683. [PMID: 38140023 PMCID: PMC10747122 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new approaches for the treatment of the increasingly antibiotic-resistant pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa was targeted by enhancing the effect of local antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(lactic acid) (PEG114-block-PLAx) nanocarriers that were loaded with a ruthenium-based photosensitizer (PS). The action of tris(1,10-phenanthroline) ruthenium (II) bis(hexafluorophosphate) (RuPhen3) encapsulated in PEG114-block-PLAx micelles and vesicles was shown to result in an appreciable aPDT inactivation efficiency against planktonic Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In particular, the encapsulation of the PS, its release, and the efficiency of singlet oxygen (1O2) generation upon irradiation with blue light were studied spectroscopically. The antimicrobial effect was analyzed with two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Compared with PS-loaded micelles, formulations of the PS-loaded vesicles showed 10 times enhanced activity with a strong photodynamic inactivation effect of at least a 4.7 log reduction against both a Pseudomonas aeruginosa lab strain and a clinical isolate collected from the lung of a cystic fibrosis (CF) patient. This work lays the foundation for the targeted eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using aPDT in various medical application areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mareike Müller
- Physical Chemistry I & Research Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, 57076 Siegen, Germany (M.M.)
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Physical Chemistry I & Research Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, 57076 Siegen, Germany (M.M.)
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8
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Karges J. Encapsulation of Ru(II) Polypyridine Complexes for Tumor-Targeted Anticancer Therapy. BME FRONTIERS 2023; 4:0024. [PMID: 37849670 PMCID: PMC10392611 DOI: 10.34133/bmef.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ru(II) polypyridine complexes have attracted much attention as anticancer agents because of their unique photophysical, photochemical, and biological properties. Despite their promising therapeutic profile, the vast majority of compounds are associated with poor water solubility and poor cancer selectivity. Among the different strategies employed to overcome these pharmacological limitations, many research efforts have been devoted to the physical or covalent encapsulation of the Ru(II) polypyridine complexes into nanoparticles. This article highlights recent developments in the design, preparation, and physicochemical properties of Ru(II) polypyridine complex-loaded nanoparticles for their potential application in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Karges
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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9
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Wei F, Chen Z, Shen XC, Ji L, Chao H. Recent progress in metal complexes functionalized nanomaterials for photodynamic therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37184685 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01355c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal complexes have shown promise as photosensitizers for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. However, the vast majority of metal photosensitizers are not ideal and associated with several limitations including pharmacokinetic limitations, off-target toxicity, fast systemic clearance, poor membrane permeability, and hypoxic tumour microenvironments. Metal complex functionalized nanomaterials have the potential to construct multifunctional systems, which not only overcome the above defects of metal complexes but are also conducive to modulating the tumour microenvironment (TME) and employing combination therapies to boost photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy. In this review, we first introduce the current challenges of photodynamic therapy and summarize the recent research strategies (such as metal coordination bonds, self-assembly, π-π stacking, physisorption, and so on) used for preparing metal complexes functionalized nanomaterials in the application of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmian Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, MOE Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Zhuoli Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Xing-Can Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, MOE Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
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10
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Recent advances on organelle specific Ru(II)/Ir(III)/Re(I) based complexes for photodynamic therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Lu JJ, Ma XR, Xie K, Chen MR, Huang B, Li RT, Ye RR. Lysosome-targeted cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes: JMJD inhibition, dual induction of apoptosis and autophagy. METALLOMICS : INTEGRATED BIOMETAL SCIENCE 2022; 14:6694002. [PMID: 36073756 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A series of cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes with the formula [Ir(C^N)2 L](PF6) (C^N = 2-phenylpyridine (ppy, in Ir-1), 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine (thpy, in Ir-2), 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine (dfppy, in Ir-3), L = 2-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)quinolin-8-ol) were designed and synthesized, which utilize 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative as N^N ligands to chelate the cofactor Fe2+ of the Jumonji domain-containing protein (JMJD) histone demethylase. As expected, the results of UV/Vis titration analysis confirm the chelating capabilities of Ir-1-3 for Fe2+, and molecular docking studies also show that Ir-1-3 can interact with the active pocket of JMJD protein, and treatment of cells with Ir-1-3 results in significant upregulation of trimethylated histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9Me3), indicating the inhibition of JMJD activity. Meanwhile, Ir-1-3 exhibit much higher cytotoxicity against the tested tumor cell lines compared with the clinical chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. And Ir-1-3 can block the cell cycle at G2/M phase and inhibit cell migration and colony formation. Further studies show that Ir-1-3 can specifically accumulate in lysosomes, damage the integrity of lysosomes, and induce apoptosis and autophagy. Reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) also contribute to the antitumor effects of Ir-1-3. Finally, Ir-1 can inhibit tumor growth effectively in vivo and increase the expression of H3K9Me3 in tumor tissues. Our study demonstrates that these iridium(III) complexes are promising anticancer agents with multiple functions, including the inhibition of JMJD and induction of apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jian Lu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Rong Ma
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Kai Xie
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Ru Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Bo Huang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Rong Ye
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
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12
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How Computations Can Assist the Rational Design of Drugs for Photodynamic Therapy: Photosensitizing Activity Assessment of a Ru(II)-BODIPY Assembly. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175635. [PMID: 36080406 PMCID: PMC9457801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium-based complexes represent a new frontier in light-mediated therapeutic strategies against cancer. Here, a density functional-theory-based computational investigation, of the photophysical properties of a conjugate BODIPY-Ru(II) complex, is presented. Such a complex was reported to be a good photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT), successfully integrating the qualities of a NIR-absorbing distyryl-BODIPY dye and a PDT-active [Ru(bpy)3]2+ moiety. Therefore, the behaviour of the conjugate BODIPY-Ru(II) complex was compared with those of the metal-free BODIPY chromophore and the Ru(II) complex. Absorptions spectra, excitation energies of both singlet and triplet states as well as spin–orbit-matrix elements (SOCs) were used to rationalise the experimentally observed different activities of the three potential chromophores. The outcomes evidence a limited participation of the Ru moiety in the ISC processes that justifies the small SOCs obtained for the conjugate. A plausible explanation was provided combining the computational results with the experimental evidences.
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13
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Polymeric Nanosystems Applied for Metal-Based Drugs and Photosensitizers Delivery: The State of the Art and Recent Advancements. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071506. [PMID: 35890401 PMCID: PMC9320085 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology-based approaches for targeting the delivery and controlled release of metal-based therapeutic agents have revealed significant potential as tools for enhancing the therapeutic effect of metal-based agents and minimizing their systemic toxicities. In this context, a series of polymer-based nanosized systems designed to physically load or covalently conjugate metal-based therapeutic agents have been remarkably improving their bioavailability and anticancer efficacy. Initially, the polymeric nanocarriers were applied for platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents resulting in some nanoformulations currently in clinical tests and even in medical applications. At present, these nanoassemblies have been slowly expanding for nonplatinum-containing metal-based chemotherapeutic agents. Interestingly, for metal-based photosensitizers (PS) applied in photodynamic therapy (PDT), especially for cancer treatment, strategies employing polymeric nanocarriers have been investigated for almost 30 years. In this review, we address the polymeric nanocarrier-assisted metal-based therapeutics agent delivery systems with a specific focus on non-platinum systems; we explore some biological and physicochemical aspects of the polymer–metallodrug assembly. Finally, we summarize some recent advances in polymeric nanosystems coupled with metal-based compounds that present potential for successful clinical applications as chemotherapeutic or photosensitizing agents. We hope this review can provide a fertile ground for the innovative design of polymeric nanosystems for targeting the delivery and controlled release of metal-containing therapeutic agents.
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14
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Paul S, Pathak S, Sahoo S, Maji RC, Bhattacharyya U, Nandi D, Chakravarty AR. Bichromophoric ruthenium(II) bis-terpyridine-BODIPY based photosensitizers for cellular imaging and photodynamic therapy. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10392-10405. [PMID: 35758169 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01137a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two multichromophoric homoleptic ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(tpy-BODIPY)2]Cl2 (complexes 1 and 2, tpy = 4-phenyl-2,2:6,2-terpyridine, BODIPY = boron-dipyrromethene) were prepared, characterized and their phototherapeutic activity and bioimaging properties were studied. The complexes having structural similarity differ only by a phenylethynyl linker, and its overall influence on their physicochemical and photobiological behavior was evaluated. The terpyridine-BODIPY ligand L1 was structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. The complexes showed intense absorption near 500 nm (ε: ∼1.5 × 105 M-1 cm-1 in DMSO), have a high singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ: ∼0.6 in DMSO), and displayed low photobleaching thus making them suitable for PDT applications. The complexes showed high DNA binding affinity and induced DNA damage on light activation via multiple types of ROS production. Confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments revealed their incorporation in the cancer cells and complex 1 predominantly accumulated in lysosomes. The complexes displayed a significant PDT effect in cancerous cells with visible light activation with a high photocytotoxicity index (PI) value in HeLa cells. Both type-I and type-II photosensitization processes were involved in the PDT effect. The photodynamic action of complex 2 initiated cellular apoptosis. Finally, their diagnostic potential was evaluated against clinically relevant 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Paul
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Sanmoy Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Somarupa Sahoo
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Ram Chandra Maji
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Utso Bhattacharyya
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Dipankar Nandi
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Akhil R Chakravarty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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15
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Kailass K, Sadovski O, Zipfel WR, Beharry AA. Two-Photon Photodynamic Therapy Targeting Cancers with Low Carboxylesterase 2 Activity Guided by Ratiometric Fluorescence. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8855-8868. [PMID: 35700557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human carboxylesterase 2 (hCES2) converts anticancer prodrugs, such as irinotecan, into their active metabolites via phase I drug metabolism. Owing to interindividual variability, hCES2 serves as a predictive marker of patient response to hCES2-activated prodrug-based therapy, whereby a low intratumoral hCES2 activity leads to therapeutic resistance. Despite the ability to identify nonresponders, effective treatments for resistant patients are needed. Clinically approved photodynamic therapy is an attractive alternative for irinotecan-resistant patients. Here, we describe the application of our hCES2-selective small-molecule ratiometric fluorescent chemosensor, Benz-AP, as a single theranostic agent given its discovered functionality as a photosensitizer. Benz-AP produces singlet oxygen and induces photocytotoxicity in cancer cells in a strong negative correlation with hCES2 activity. Two-photon excitation of Benz-AP produces fluorescence, singlet oxygen, and photocytotoxicity in tumor spheroids. Overall, Benz-AP serves as a novel theranostic agent with selective photocytotoxicity in hCES2-prodrug resistant cancer cells, making Benz-AP a promising agent for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Kailass
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Oleg Sadovski
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Warren R Zipfel
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Andrew A Beharry
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
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16
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Chen L, Huang J, Li X, Huang M, Zeng S, Zheng J, Peng S, Li S. Progress of Nanomaterials in Photodynamic Therapy Against Tumor. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:920162. [PMID: 35711646 PMCID: PMC9194820 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.920162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an advanced therapeutic strategy with light-triggered, minimally invasive, high spatiotemporal selective and low systemic toxicity properties, which has been widely used in the clinical treatment of many solid tumors in recent years. Any strategies that improve the three elements of PDT (light, oxygen, and photosensitizers) can improve the efficacy of PDT. However, traditional PDT is confronted some challenges of poor solubility of photosensitizers and tumor suppressive microenvironment. To overcome the related obstacles of PDT, various strategies have been investigated in terms of improving photosensitizers (PSs) delivery, penetration of excitation light sources, and hypoxic tumor microenvironment. In addition, compared with a single treatment mode, the synergistic treatment of multiple treatment modalities such as photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy can improve the efficacy of PDT. This review summarizes recent advances in nanomaterials, including metal nanoparticles, liposomes, hydrogels and polymers, to enhance the efficiency of PDT against malignant tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Jiayi Zheng
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Peng
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiying Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shiying Li,
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17
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Yu XT, Sui SY, He YX, Yu CH, Peng Q. Nanomaterials-based photosensitizers and delivery systems for photodynamic cancer therapy. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 135:212725. [PMID: 35929205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The increasing cancer morbidity and mortality requires the development of high-efficiency and low-toxicity anticancer approaches. In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted much attention in cancer therapy due to its non-invasive features and low side effects. Photosensitizer (PS) is one of the key factors of PDT, and its successful delivery largely determines the outcome of PDT. Although a few PS molecules have been approved for clinical use, PDT is still limited by the low stability and poor tumor targeting capacity of PSs. Various nanomaterial systems have shown great potentials in improving PDT, such as metal nanoparticles, graphene-based nanomaterials, liposomes, ROS-sensitive nanocarriers and supramolecular nanomaterials. The small molecular PSs can be loaded in functional nanomaterials to enhance the PS stability and tumor targeted delivery, and some functionalized nanomaterials themselves can be directly used as PSs. Herein, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of PDT, and summarize the recent progress of nanomaterials-based PSs and delivery systems in anticancer PDT. In addition, the concerns of nanomaterials-based PDT including low tumor targeting capacity, limited light penetration, hypoxia and nonspecific protein corona formation are discussed. The possible solutions to these concerns are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shang-Yan Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu-Xuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chen-Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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18
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Feng T, Karges J, Liao X, Ji L, Chao H. Engineered exosomes as a natural nanoplatform for cancer targeted delivery of metal-based drugs. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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19
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Karges J. Klinische Entwicklung von Metallkomplexen als Photosensibilisatoren für die photodynamische Therapie von Krebs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Karges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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20
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Youf R, Müller M, Balasini A, Thétiot F, Müller M, Hascoët A, Jonas U, Schönherr H, Lemercier G, Montier T, Le Gall T. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy: Latest Developments with a Focus on Combinatory Strategies. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1995. [PMID: 34959277 PMCID: PMC8705969 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13121995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has become a fundamental tool in modern therapeutics, notably due to the expanding versatility of photosensitizers (PSs) and the numerous possibilities to combine aPDT with other antimicrobial treatments to combat localized infections. After revisiting the basic principles of aPDT, this review first highlights the current state of the art of curative or preventive aPDT applications with relevant clinical trials. In addition, the most recent developments in photochemistry and photophysics as well as advanced carrier systems in the context of aPDT are provided, with a focus on the latest generations of efficient and versatile PSs and the progress towards hybrid-multicomponent systems. In particular, deeper insight into combinatory aPDT approaches is afforded, involving non-radiative or other light-based modalities. Selected aPDT perspectives are outlined, pointing out new strategies to target and treat microorganisms. Finally, the review works out the evolution of the conceptually simple PDT methodology towards a much more sophisticated, integrated, and innovative technology as an important element of potent antimicrobial strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Youf
- Univ Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB-GTCA, F-29200 Brest, France; (R.Y.); (A.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Max Müller
- Physical Chemistry I & Research Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany; (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Ali Balasini
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany; (A.B.); (U.J.)
| | - Franck Thétiot
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6521, Université de Brest (UBO), CS 93837, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Mareike Müller
- Physical Chemistry I & Research Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany; (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Alizé Hascoët
- Univ Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB-GTCA, F-29200 Brest, France; (R.Y.); (A.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Ulrich Jonas
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany; (A.B.); (U.J.)
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Physical Chemistry I & Research Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany; (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Gilles Lemercier
- Coordination Chemistry Team, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7312, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, CEDEX 2, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Tristan Montier
- Univ Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB-GTCA, F-29200 Brest, France; (R.Y.); (A.H.); (T.M.)
- CHRU de Brest, Service de Génétique Médicale et de Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Maladies Neuromusculaires, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Tony Le Gall
- Univ Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB-GTCA, F-29200 Brest, France; (R.Y.); (A.H.); (T.M.)
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21
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Karges J. Clinical Development of Metal Complexes as Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112236. [PMID: 34748690 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has emerged over the last decades as one of the deadliest diseases in the world. Among the most commonly used techniques (i.e. surgery, immunotherapy, radiotherapy or chemotherapy), increasing attention has been devoted towards photodynamic therapy. However, the vast majority of clinically applied photosensitizers are not ideal and associated with several limitations including poor aqueous solubility, poor photostability and slow clearance from the body, causing photosensitivity. In an effort to overcome these drawbacks, much attention has been devoted towards the incorporation of a metal ion. Herein, the clinical development of metal-containing compounds including Purlytin® , Lutrin® /Antrin® , Photosens® , TOOKAD® soluble or TLD-1433 is critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Karges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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22
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Gandioso A, Purkait K, Gasser G. Recent Approaches towards the Development of Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complexes for Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy. Chimia (Aarau) 2021; 75:845-855. [PMID: 34728011 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2021.845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a remarkable alternative or complementary technique to chemotherapy, radiotherapy or immunotherapy to treat certain forms of cancer. The synergistic effect of light, photosensitizer (PS) and oxygen allows for the treatment of tumours with an extremely high spatio-tumoral control, therefore minimizing the severe side effects usually observed in chemotherapy. The currently employed PDT PSs based on porphyrins have, in some cases, some limitations, which include a low absorbance in the therapeutic window, a low body clearance, photobleaching, among others. In this context, Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes are interesting alternatives. They have low lying excited energy states and the presence of a heavy metal increases the possibility of spin-orbit coupling. Moreover, their photophysical properties are relatively easy to tune and they have very low photobleaching rates. All of these make them attractive candidates for further development as therapeutically suitable PDT PSs. In this review, after having presented this field of research, we discuss the developments made by our group in this field of research since 2017. We notably describe how we tuned the photophysical properties of our complexes from the visible region to the therapeutically suitable red region. This was accompanied by the preparation of PSs with enhanced phototoxicity and high phototoxicity index. We also discuss the use of two-photon excitation to eradicate tumours in nude mice. Furthermore, we describe our approach for the selective delivery of our complexes using targeting agents. Lastly, we report on our very recent synergistic approach to treat cancer using bimetallic Ru(ii)-Pt(iv) prodrug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gandioso
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Kallol Purkait
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, F-75005 Paris, France;,
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23
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Gunaydin G, Gedik ME, Ayan S. Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment and Diagnosis of Cancer-A Review of the Current Clinical Status. Front Chem 2021; 9:686303. [PMID: 34409014 PMCID: PMC8365093 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.686303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used as an anti-tumor treatment method for a long time and photosensitizers (PS) can be used in various types of tumors. Originally, light is an effective tool that has been used in the treatment of diseases for ages. The effects of combination of specific dyes with light illumination was demonstrated at the beginning of 20th century and novel PDT approaches have been developed ever since. Main strategies of current studies are to reduce off-target effects and improve pharmacokinetic properties. Given the high interest and vast literature about the topic, approval of PDT as the first drug/device combination by the FDA should come as no surprise. PDT consists of two stages of treatment, combining light energy with a PS in order to destruct tumor cells after activation by light. In general, PDT has fewer side effects and toxicity than chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. In addition to the purpose of treatment, several types of PSs can be used for diagnostic purposes for tumors. Such approaches are called photodynamic diagnosis (PDD). In this Review, we provide a general overview of the clinical applications of PDT in cancer, including the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Assessment of PDT therapeutic efficacy in the clinic will be discussed, since identifying predictors to determine the response to treatment is crucial. In addition, examples of PDT in various types of tumors will be discussed. Furthermore, combination of PDT with other therapy modalities such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery and immunotherapy will be emphasized, since such approaches seem to be promising in terms of enhancing effectiveness against tumor. The combination of PDT with other treatments may yield better results than by single treatments. Moreover, the utilization of lower doses in a combination therapy setting may cause less side effects and better results than single therapy. A better understanding of the effectiveness of PDT in a combination setting in the clinic as well as the optimization of such complex multimodal treatments may expand the clinical applications of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurcan Gunaydin
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M. Emre Gedik
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seylan Ayan
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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Karges J, Díaz-García D, Prashar S, Gómez-Ruiz S, Gasser G. Ru(II) Polypyridine Complex-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as Photosensitizers for Cancer Targeted Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:4394-4405. [PMID: 35006851 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death in the developed world. In the last few decades, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has augmented the number of medical techniques to treat this disease in the clinics. As the pharmacological active species to kill cancer cells are only generated upon light irradiation, PDT is associated with an intrinsic first level of selectivity. However, since PDT agents also accumulate in the surrounding, healthy tissue and since it is practically very challenging to only expose the tumor site to light, some side effects can be observed. Consequently, there is a need for a selective drug delivery system, which would give a second level of selectivity. In this work, a dual tumor targeting approach is presented based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles, which act by the enhanced permeability and retention effect, and the conjugation to folic acid, which acts as a targeting moiety for folate receptor-overexpressed cancer cells. The conjugates were found to be nontoxic in noncancerous human normal lung fibroblast cells while showing a phototoxic effect upon irradiation at 480 or 540 nm in the low nanomolar range in folate receptor overexpressing cancerous human ovarian carcinoma cells, demonstrating their potential for cancer targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Karges
- Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, PSL University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Diana Díaz-García
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, Madrid E-28933, Spain
| | - Sanjiv Prashar
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, Madrid E-28933, Spain
| | - Santiago Gómez-Ruiz
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, Madrid E-28933, Spain
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, PSL University, Paris 75005, France
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