1
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Wang K, Zhou Z, Ma X, Xu J, Xu W, Zhou G, Zhou C, Li H, Zheng M, Zhang S, Xu T. Design, synthesis, and bioevaluation of SOS1 PROTACs derived from pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one-based SOS1 inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 107:129780. [PMID: 38714262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Oncogenic KRAS mutations drive an approximately 25 % of all human cancers. Son of Sevenless 1 (SOS1), a critical guanine nucleotide exchange factor, catalyzes the activation of KRAS. Targeting SOS1 degradation has engaged as a promising therapeutic strategy for KRAS-mutant cancers. Herein, we designed and synthesized a series of novel CRBN-recruiting SOS1 PROTACs using the pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one-based SOS1 inhibitor as the warhead. One representative compound 11o effectively induced the degradation of SOS1 in three different KRAS-mutant cancer cell lines with DC50 values ranging from 1.85 to 7.53 nM. Mechanism studies demonstrated that 11o-induced SOS1 degradation was dependent on CRBN and proteasome. Moreover, 11o inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK and displayed potent anti-proliferative activities against SW620, A549 and DLD-1 cells. Further optimization of 11o may provide us promising SOS1 degraders with favorable drug-like properties for developing new chemotherapies targeting KRAS-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zehui Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinyi Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiahang Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Wangyang Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guizhen Zhou
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chuan Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huajie Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Sulin Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Tianfeng Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
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2
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Lu T, Chen F, Yao J, Bu Z, Kyani A, Liang B, Chen S, Zheng Y, Liang H, Neamati N, Liu Y. Design of FK866-Based Degraders for Blocking the Nonenzymatic Functions of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase. J Med Chem 2024; 67:8099-8121. [PMID: 38722799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is an attractive therapeutic target for treating select cancers. There are two forms of NAMPT: intracellular NAMPT (iNAMPT, the rate-limiting enzyme in the mammalian NAD+ main synthetic pathway) and extracellular NAMPT (eNAMPT, a cytokine with protumorigenic function). Reported NAMPT inhibitors only inhibit iNAMPT and show potent activities in preclinical studies. Unfortunately, they failed to show efficacy due to futility and toxicity. We developed a series of FK866-based NAMPT-targeting PROTACs and identified LYP-8 as a potent and effective NAMPT degrader that simultaneously diminished iNAMPT and eNAMPT. Importantly, LYP-8 demonstrated superior efficacy and safety in mice when compared to the clinical candidate, FK866. This study highlights the importance and feasibility of applying PROTACs as a superior strategy for interfering with both the enzymatic function of NAMPT (iNAMPT) and nonenzymatic function of NAMPT (eNAMPT), which is difficult to achieve with conventional NAMPT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiangong Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jian Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Zixuan Bu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Armita Kyani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Benji Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Shaoting Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yanghan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
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3
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Yuan Q, Wang R, Li X, Sun F, Lin J, Fu Z, Zhang J. DNMT1/miR-152-3p/SOS1 signaling axis promotes self-renewal and tumor growth of cancer stem-like cells derived from non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:55. [PMID: 38622665 PMCID: PMC11020669 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-024-01663-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CSLCs(Cancer stem cell-like cells), which are central to tumorigenesis, are intrinsically influenced by epigenetic modifications. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism involving the DNMT1/miR-152-3p/SOS1 axis in regulating the self-renewal and tumor growth of LCSLCs (lung cancer stem-like cells). MATERIALS AND METHODS Target genes of miR-152-3p were predicted using TargetScan Human 8.0. Self-renewal and tumor growth of LCSLC were compared in suspension-cultured non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines H460 and A549 cell-derived globe cells. Functional effects of the DNMT1/miR-152-3p/SOS1 axis were assessed through gain-of-function experiments in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, luciferase reporter assays were employed to analyze the interaction among DNMT1, miR-152-3p, and SOS1. RESULTS Our findings highlight a negative interaction between DNMT1 and miR-152-3p, resulting in reduced miR-152-3p level. This, in turn, leads to the alleviation of the inhibitory effect of miR-152-3p on the target gene SOS1, ultimately activating SOS1 and playing an essential role in self-renewal and tumor growth of LCSLC. However, the alteration of SOS1 does not affect DNMT1/miR-152-3p regulation. Therefore, it is reasonable to infer that the DNMT1/miR-152-3p negative feedback loop critically sustains self-renewal and tumor growth of LCSLC through SOS1. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a novel mechanism underpinning self-renewal and tumor growth of CSLC (cancer stem cell) in NSCLC and identifies potential therapeutic targets for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yuan
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Rubo Wang
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jiazhi Lin
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shenshan Medical Center, Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shanwei, 516500, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhimin Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Tenth Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, 523000, China.
| | - Jiansong Zhang
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, China.
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410013, China.
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4
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Begovich K, Schoolmeesters A, Rajapakse N, Martinez-Terroba E, Kumar M, Shakya A, Lai C, Greene S, Whitefield B, Okano A, Mali V, Huang S, Chourasia AH, Fung L. Cereblon-based Bifunctional Degrader of SOS1, BTX-6654, Targets Multiple KRAS Mutations and Inhibits Tumor Growth. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:407-420. [PMID: 38224565 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Mutations within the oncogene KRAS drive an estimated 25% of all cancers. Only allele-specific KRAS G12C inhibitors are currently available and are associated with the emergence of acquired resistance, partly due to upstream pathway reactivation. Given its upstream role in the activation of KRAS, son of sevenless homolog 1 (SOS1), has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target. Agents that target SOS1 for degradation could represent a potential pan-KRAS modality that may be capable of circumventing certain acquired resistance mechanisms. Here, we report the development of two SOS1 cereblon-based bifunctional degraders, BTX-6654 and BTX-7312, cereblon-based bifunctional SOS1 degraders. Both compounds exhibited potent target-dependent and -specific SOS1 degradation. BTX-6654 and BTX-7312 reduced downstream signaling markers, pERK and pS6, and displayed antiproliferative activity in cells harboring various KRAS mutations. In two KRAS G12C xenograft models, BTX-6654 degraded SOS1 in a dose-dependent manner correlating with tumor growth inhibition, additionally exhibiting synergy with KRAS and MEK inhibitors. Altogether, BTX-6654 provided preclinical proof of concept for single-agent and combination use of bifunctional SOS1 degraders in KRAS-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chon Lai
- BioTheryx, Inc., San Diego, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Leah Fung
- BioTheryx, Inc., San Diego, California
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5
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Chen Y, Liu QP, Xie H, Ding J. From bench to bedside: current development and emerging trend of KRAS-targeted therapy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:686-703. [PMID: 38049578 PMCID: PMC10943119 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kirsten rat sarcoma 2 viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) is the most frequently mutated oncogene in human cancers with mutations predominantly occurring in codon 12. These mutations disrupt the normal function of KRAS by interfering with GTP hydrolysis and nucleotide exchange activity, making it prone to the GTP-bound active state, thus leading to sustained activation of downstream pathways. Despite decades of research, there has been no progress in the KRAS drug discovery until the groundbreaking discovery of covalently targeting the KRASG12C mutation in 2013, which led to revolutionary changes in KRAS-targeted therapy. So far, two small molecule inhibitors sotorasib and adagrasib targeting KRASG12C have received accelerated approval for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring KRASG12C mutations. In recent years, rapid progress has been achieved in the KRAS-targeted therapy field, especially the exploration of KRASG12C covalent inhibitors in other KRASG12C-positive malignancies, novel KRAS inhibitors beyond KRASG12C mutation or pan-KRAS inhibitors, and approaches to indirectly targeting KRAS. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular and mutational characteristics of KRAS and summarize the development and current status of covalent inhibitors targeting the KRASG12C mutation. We also discuss emerging promising KRAS-targeted therapeutic strategies, with a focus on mutation-specific and direct pan-KRAS inhibitors and indirect KRAS inhibitors through targeting the RAS activation-associated proteins Src homology-2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) and son of sevenless homolog 1 (SOS1), and shed light on current challenges and opportunities for drug discovery in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiu-Pei Liu
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, Science and Engineering Building, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Hua Xie
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400, China.
| | - Jian Ding
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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6
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Li H, Chai M, Chen Y, Zhou F, Ren X, Xu J, Wang J, Wang Z, Huang W. Discovery of LHF418 as a new potent SOS1 PROTAC degrader. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 103:117661. [PMID: 38489998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Son of sevenless homolog 1 (SOS1) plays a pivotal role as a molecular switch in the conversion of GDP-bound inactive KRAS to its active GTP-bound form, making SOS1 a promising therapeutic target for KRAS-driven cancers. While the most advanced SOS1 inhibitor has processed to phase I clinical trial, the exploration of novel SOS1 targeting strategies with distinct modes of action remains required. By employing proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology, we obtained a series of new SOS1 degraders. The representative compound LHF418 potently induced SOS1 degradation with a DC50 value of 209.4 nM and a Dmax value of over 80 %. Mechanistic studies have illuminated that compound LHF418 induced the formation of ternary complex involving SOS1-PROTAC-cereblon (CRBN) and triggered SOS1 protein degradation in a CRBN- and proteasome-dependent manner. In addition, compound LHF418 effectively inhibited KRAS-RAF-ERK signalling, leading to the suppression of colony formation in KRAS-driven cancer cells. Overall, compound LHF418 represents a new lead compound in the developing novel and potent therapy for the treatment of KRAS-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Minxue Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yihan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fengtao Zhou
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Xiaomei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Livzon Research Institute, Livzon Pharmaceutical Group Inc., Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Ningbo Zhongke Creation Center of New Materials, Ningbo 315000, China.
| | - Weixue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Ningbo Zhongke Creation Center of New Materials, Ningbo 315000, China.
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7
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Wu J, Li X, Wu C, Wang Y, Zhang J. Current advances and development strategies of targeting son of sevenless 1 (SOS1) in drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116282. [PMID: 38430853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The Son of Sevenless 1 (SOS1) guanine nucleotide exchange factor, prevalent across eukaryotic species, plays a pivotal role in facilitating the attachment of RAS protein to GTP, thereby regulating the activation of intracellular RAS proteins. This regulation is part of a feedback mechanism involving SOS1, which allows both activators and inhibitors of SOS1 to exert control over downstream signaling pathways, demonstrating potential anti-tumor effects. Predominantly, small molecule modulators that target SOS1 focus on a hydrophobic pocket within the CDC25 protein domain. The effectiveness of these modulators largely depends on their ability to interact with specific amino acids, notably Phe890 and Tyr884. This interaction is crucial for influencing the protein-protein interaction (PPI) between RAS and the catalytic domain of SOS1. Currently, most small molecule modulators targeting SOS1 are in the preclinical research phase, with a few advancing to clinical trials. This progression raises safety concerns, making the assurance of drug safety a primary consideration alongside the enhancement of efficacy in the development of SOS1 modulators. This review encapsulates recent advancements in the chemical categorization of SOS1 inhibitors and activators. It delves into the evolution of small molecule modulation targeting SOS1 and offers perspectives on the design of future generations of selective SOS1 small molecule modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Wu
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-system and Multimorbidity Laboratory and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengyong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-system and Multimorbidity Laboratory and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-system and Multimorbidity Laboratory and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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8
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Wang X, Qin ZL, Li N, Jia MQ, Liu QG, Bai YR, Song J, Yuan S, Zhang SY. Annual review of PROTAC degraders as anticancer agents in 2022. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116166. [PMID: 38281455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Following nearly two decades of development, significant advancements have been achieved in PROTAC technology. As of the end of 2022, more than 20 drugs have entered clinical trials, with ARV-471 targeting estrogen receptor (ER) showing remarkable progress by entering phase III clinical studies. In 2022, significant progress has been made on multiple targets. The first reversible covalent degrader designed to target the KRASG12C mutant protein, based on cyclopropionamide, has been reported. Additionally, the activity HDCA1 degrader surpassed submicromolar levels during the same year. A novel FEM1B covalent ligand called EN106 was also discovered, expanding the range of available ligands. Furthermore, the first PROTAC drug targeting SOS1 was reported. Additionally, the first-in-class degraders that specifically target BRD4 isoforms (BRD4 L and BRD4 S) have recently been reported, providing a valuable tool for further investigating the biological functions of these isoforms. Lastly, a breakthrough was also achieved with the first degrader targeting both CDK9 and Cyclin T1. In this review, we aimed to update the PROTAC degraders as potential anticancer agents covering articles published in 2022. The design strategies, degradation effects, and anticancer activities were highlighted, which might provide an updated sight to develop novel PROTAC degraders with great potential as anticancer agents as well as favorable drug-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhao-Long Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Mei-Qi Jia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qiu-Ge Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yi-Ru Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jian Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China.
| | - Sai-Yang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention &Treatment, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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9
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Hanrahan AJ, Chen Z, Rosen N, Solit DB. BRAF - a tumour-agnostic drug target with lineage-specific dependencies. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:224-247. [PMID: 38278874 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
In June 2022, the FDA granted Accelerated Approval to the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib in combination with the MEK inhibitor trametinib for the treatment of adult and paediatric patients (≥6 years of age) with unresectable or metastatic BRAFV600E-mutant solid tumours, except for BRAFV600E-mutant colorectal cancers. The histology-agnostic approval of dabrafenib plus trametinib marks the culmination of two decades of research into the landscape of BRAF mutations in human cancers, the biochemical mechanisms underlying BRAF-mediated tumorigenesis, and the clinical development of selective RAF and MEK inhibitors. Although the majority of patients with BRAFV600E-mutant tumours derive clinical benefit from BRAF inhibitor-based combinations, resistance to treatment develops in most. In this Review, we describe the biochemical basis for oncogenic BRAF-induced activation of MAPK signalling and pan-cancer and lineage-specific mechanisms of intrinsic, adaptive and acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors. We also discuss novel RAF inhibitors and drug combinations designed to delay the emergence of treatment resistance and/or expand the population of patients with BRAF-mutant cancers who benefit from molecularly targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aphrothiti J Hanrahan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ziyu Chen
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics & Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neal Rosen
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David B Solit
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Shang Y, Fu S, Hao Q, Ying H, Wang J, Shen T. Multiple medicinal chemistry strategies of targeting KRAS: State-of-the art and future directions. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107092. [PMID: 38271825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene and drives the development and progression of malignancies, most notably non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLS), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and colorectal cancer (CRC). However, KRAS proteins have maintained the reputation of being "undruggable" due to the lack of suitable deep pockets on its surface. One major milestone for KRAS inhibition was the discovery of the covalent inhibitors bond to the allosteric switch-II pocket of the KRASG12C protein. To date, the FDA has approved two KRASG12C inhibitors, sotorasib and adagrasib, for the treatment of patients with KRASG12C-driven cancers. Researchers have paid close attention to the development of inhibitors for other KRAS mutations and upstream regulatory factors. The KRAS targeted drug discovery has entered a state of rapid development. This article has aimed to present the current state of the art of drug development in the KRAS field. We systematically summarize recent advances in the discovery and optimization processes of direct KRAS inhibitors (including KRASG12C, KRASG12D, KRASG12A and KRASG12R inhibitors), indirect KRAS inhibitors (SOS1 and SHP2 inhibitors), pan-KRAS inhibitors, as well as proteolysis-targetingchimeras degrades and molecular chaperone modulators from the perspective of medicinal chemistry. We also discuss the current challenges and opportunities of KRAS inhibition and hope to shed light on future KRAS drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanguo Shang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengnan Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingjing Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Tao Shen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.
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11
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Lu X, Jin J, Wu Y, Liu X, Liang X, Lin J, Sun Q, Qin J, Zhang W, Luan X. Progress in RAS-targeted therapeutic strategies: From small molecule inhibitors to proteolysis targeting chimeras. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:812-832. [PMID: 38009264 DOI: 10.1002/med.21993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
As a widely considerable target in chemical biology and pharmacological research, rat sarcoma (RAS) gene mutations play a critical driving factor in several fatal cancers. Despite the great progress of RAS subtype-specific inhibitors, rapid acquired drug resistance could limit their further clinical applications. Proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) has emerged as a powerful tool to handle "undruggable" targets and exhibited significant therapeutic benefit for the combat of drug resistance. Owing to unique molecular mechanism and binding kinetics, PROTAC is expected to become a feasible strategy to break the bottleneck of classical RAS inhibitors. This review aims to discuss the current advances of RAS inhibitors and especially focus on PROTAC strategy targeting RAS mutations and their downstream effectors for relevant cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Lu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinmei Jin
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Liang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Lin
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangjiang Qin
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Luan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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12
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Lv Y, Yang Z, Chen Y, Ma X, Guo M, Zhang C, Jiang X, Wang C, Li Z, Tai Z, Wang X, Zhang S, Ma S, Qin C. A Potent SOS1 PROTAC Degrader with Synergistic Efficacy in Combination with KRAS G12C Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2487-2511. [PMID: 38316747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
AMG510, as the first approved inhibitor for KRASG12C mutation, has shown promising efficacy in nonsmall-cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer harboring KRASG12C mutation. However, the moderate response rate and the rapid emergence of acquired resistance limit the therapeutic potential of AMG510, highlighting the need for the development of combination strategies. Here, we observed the suppression of RAS-MAPK signaling induced by AMG510 was prolonged and enhanced by SOS1 knockdown. Thus, we design, synthesize, and characterize a potent and specific SOS1 degrader 23. Compound 23 showed efficient SOS1 degradation in KRAS-driven cancer cells and achieved significant antiproliferative potency. Importantly, the combination of 23 with AMG510 suppressed RAS signaling feedback activation, showing synergistic effects against KRASG12C mutant cells in vitro and in vivo. Our findings demonstrated that KRASG12C inhibition plus SOS1 degradation as a potential therapeutic strategy to improve antitumor response and overcome acquired resistance to KRASG12C inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Zixuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Xuepei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Mengqi Guo
- Center for Targeted Protein Degradation and Drug Discovery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Chengwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Xiaolin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Center for Targeted Protein Degradation and Drug Discovery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Chengli Wang
- Center for Targeted Protein Degradation and Drug Discovery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Zhuoyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Center for Targeted Protein Degradation and Drug Discovery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Zhengfu Tai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Center for Targeted Protein Degradation and Drug Discovery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Center for Targeted Protein Degradation and Drug Discovery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Center for Targeted Protein Degradation and Drug Discovery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Shumin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Center for Targeted Protein Degradation and Drug Discovery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Chong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Center for Targeted Protein Degradation and Drug Discovery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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13
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Pang X, Cui D, Lv B, Wang CY. Discovery of Potent SOS1 PROTACs with Effective Antitumor Activities against NCI-H358 Tumor Cells In Vitro/In Vivo. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1563-1579. [PMID: 38206836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Directly targeted KRAS inhibitors are now facing resistance problems, which might be partially solved by the combination of SOS1 inhibitors with KRAS inhibitors. However, this combination may still have some resistance mitigation potential. Comparatively, SOS1 PROTAC may have promising applications in addressing the drug resistance problem by degrading the SOS1 protein. Herein, we report the discovery of novel SOS1 PROTACs and their antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies demonstrated that degrader 4 had strong inhibitory effects on the proliferation of NCI-H358 cells with IC50 of 5 nM, together with significant degradation of SOS1 protein with DC50 of 13 nM. In the NCI-H358 xenograft model, degrader 4 exhibited significant antitumor activities with TGITV values of 58.8% at 30 mg/kg bid. The PK and safety profiles also supported degrader 4 for further studies as an effective tool compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Pang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Zelgen Pharma-Tech Co., Ltd., Building 3, No. 999, Cailun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dawei Cui
- Shanghai Zelgen Pharma-Tech Co., Ltd., Building 3, No. 999, Cailun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Binhua Lv
- Shanghai Zelgen Pharma-Tech Co., Ltd., Building 3, No. 999, Cailun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cheng-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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14
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Zhou C, Fan Z, Gu Y, Ge Z, Tao Z, Cui R, Li Y, Zhou G, Huo R, Gao M, Wang D, He W, Zheng M, Zhang S, Xu T. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Potent and Selective PROTAC Degraders of Oncogenic KRAS G12D. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1147-1167. [PMID: 38197882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
KRASG12D, the most frequent KRAS oncogenic mutation, is a promising target for cancer therapy. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of KRASG12D PROTACs by connecting the analogues of MRTX1133 and the VHL ligand. Structural modifications of the linker moiety and KRAS inhibitor part suggested a critical role of membrane permeability in the degradation activity of the KRASG12D PROTACs. Mechanism studies with the representative compound 8o demonstrated that the potent, rapid, and selective degradation of KRASG12D induced by 8o was via a VHL- and proteasome-dependent manner. This compound selectively and potently suppressed the growth of multiple KRASG12D mutant cancer cells, displayed favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties in mice, and showed significant antitumor efficacy in the AsPC-1 xenograft mouse model. Further optimization of 8o appears to be promising for the development of a new chemotherapy for KRASG12D-driven cancers as the complementary therapeutic strategy to KRAS inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zisheng Fan
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuejiao Gu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiming Ge
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Zhaofan Tao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rongrong Cui
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yupeng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at EI Paso, EI Paso, Texas 79902, United States
| | - Guizhen Zhou
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ruifeng Huo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mingshan Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei He
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Sulin Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tianfeng Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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15
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Basu B, Kal S, Karmakar S, Basu M, Ghosh MK. E3 ubiquitin ligases in lung cancer: Emerging insights and therapeutic opportunities. Life Sci 2024; 336:122333. [PMID: 38061537 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Aim In this review, we have attempted to provide the readers with an updated account of the role of a family of proteins known as E3 ligases in different aspects of lung cancer progression, along with insights into the deregulation of expression of these proteins during lung cancer. A detailed account of the therapeutic strategies involving E3 ligases that have been developed or currently under development has also been provided in this review. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The review article employs extensive literature search, along with differential gene expression analysis of lung cancer associated E3 ligases using the DESeq2 package in R, and the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database (http://gepia.cancer-pku.cn/). Protein expression analysis of CPTAC lung cancer samples was carried out using the UALCAN webtool (https://ualcan.path.uab.edu/index.html). Assessment of patient overall survival (OS) in response to high and low expression of selected E3 ligases was performed using the online Kaplan-Meier plotter (https://kmplot.com/analysis/index.php?p=background). KEY FINDINGS: SIGNIFICANCE: The review provides an in-depth understanding of the role of E3 ligases in lung cancer progression and an up-to-date account of the different therapeutic strategies targeting oncogenic E3 ligases for improved lung cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Basu
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Satadeepa Kal
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Subhajit Karmakar
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Malini Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Dhruba Chand Halder College, Dakshin Barasat, South 24 Parganas, PIN -743372, India
| | - Mrinal K Ghosh
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Chen T, Tang X, Wang Z, Feng F, Xu C, Zhao Q, Wu Y, Sun H, Chen Y. Inhibition of Son of Sevenless Homologue 1 (SOS1): Promising therapeutic treatment for KRAS-mutant cancers. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115828. [PMID: 37778239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Kristen rat sarcoma (KRAS) is one of the most common oncogenes in human cancers. As a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, Son of Sevenless Homologue 1 (SOS1) represents a potential therapeutic concept for the treatment of KRAS-mutant cancers because of its activation on KRAS and downstream signaling pathways. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the structure, biological function, and regulation of SOS1. We also focus on the recent advances in SOS1 inhibitors and emphasize their binding modes, structure-activity relationships and pharmacological activities. We hope that this publication can provide a comprehensive compendium on the rational design of SOS1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingkai Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Tang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Hamilton G, Stickler S, Rath B. Integration of signaling pathway and bromodomain and extra-terminal domain inhibition for the treatment of mutant Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog cancer. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:1027-1038. [PMID: 38023987 PMCID: PMC10651355 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutant Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) is now a drugable oncogenic driver and the KRAS G12C variant responds clinically to sotorasib and adagrasib that covalently block the cysteine of the active center and inhibit downstream signaling and proliferation. Unfortunately, progression-free survival (PFS) of lung cancer patients is only 5-6 months and no survival advantage has been found for sotorasib in comparison to docetaxel chemotherapy. Increased responses to KRAS inhibitors are tested in combination with the son of sevenless 1 (SOS1) inhibitors, upstream and downstream signaling modulators as well as chemotherapeutics. Some of these approaches are limited by toxicity to normal tissues and by diverse mechanisms of resistance. In essence, most of these attempts are directed to the inhibition of proliferation by impairment of the signal transduction pathways. The final target of KRAS-mediated growth stimulation is MYC in the cell nucleus that stimulates transcription of a host of genes. In detail, MYC alters genomic enhancer and super-enhancers of transcription that are frequently deregulated in cancer. Such enhancers can be targeted by bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) inhibitors (BETi) or degraders and this review discusses whether integrated SOS1 inhibition and BET targeting of MYC synergizes against mutant KRAS tumor growth. BET degraders in the form of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) combined with BAY-293-mediated SOS1 inhibition revealed marked cytotoxic synergy against mutant KRAS cancer cells and may constitute a promising option for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Hamilton
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Stickler
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Rath
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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18
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de Jesus VHF, Mathias-Machado MC, de Farias JPF, Aruquipa MPS, Jácome AA, Peixoto RD. Targeting KRAS in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: The Long Road to Cure. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5015. [PMID: 37894382 PMCID: PMC10605759 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains an important cause of cancer-related mortality, and it is expected to play an even bigger part in cancer burden in the years to come. Despite concerted efforts from scientists and physicians, patients have experienced little improvement in survival over the past decades, possibly because of the non-specific nature of the tested treatment modalities. Recently, the discovery of potentially targetable molecular alterations has paved the way for the personalized treatment of PDAC. Indeed, the central piece in the molecular framework of PDAC is starting to be unveiled. KRAS mutations are seen in 90% of PDACs, and multiple studies have demonstrated their pivotal role in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Recent investigations have shed light on the differences in prognosis as well as therapeutic implications of the different KRAS mutations and disentangled the relationship between KRAS and effectors of downstream and parallel signaling pathways. Additionally, the recognition of other mechanisms involving KRAS-mediated pathogenesis, such as KRAS dosing and allelic imbalance, has contributed to broadening the current knowledge regarding this molecular alteration. Finally, KRAS G12C inhibitors have been recently tested in patients with pancreatic cancer with relative success, and inhibitors of KRAS harboring other mutations are under clinical development. These drugs currently represent a true hope for a meaningful leap forward in this dreadful disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alexandre A. Jácome
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Oncoclínicas, Belo Horizonte 30360-680, Brazil
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19
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Noblejas-López MDM, Tébar-García D, López-Rosa R, Alcaraz-Sanabria A, Cristóbal-Cueto P, Pinedo-Serrano A, Rivas-García L, Galán-Moya EM. TACkling Cancer by Targeting Selective Protein Degradation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2442. [PMID: 37896202 PMCID: PMC10610449 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation has emerged as an alternative therapy against cancer, offering several advantages over traditional inhibitors. The new degrader drugs provide different therapeutic strategies: they could cross the phospholipid bilayer membrane by the addition of specific moieties to extracellular proteins. On the other hand, they could efficiently improve the degradation process by the generation of a ternary complex structure of an E3 ligase. Herein, we review the current trends in the use of TAC-based technologies (TACnologies), such as PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTAC), PHOtochemically TArgeting Chimeras (PHOTAC), CLIck-formed Proteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (CLIPTAC), AUtophagy TArgeting Chimeras (AUTAC), AuTophagosome TEthering Compounds (ATTEC), LYsosome-TArgeting Chimeras (LYTAC), and DeUBiquitinase TArgeting Chimeras (DUBTAC), in experimental development and their progress towards clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Mar Noblejas-López
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Campus de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.d.M.N.-L.); (D.T.-G.); (R.L.-R.); (A.A.-S.); (P.C.-C.); (A.P.-S.)
- Unidad de Investigación, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - David Tébar-García
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Campus de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.d.M.N.-L.); (D.T.-G.); (R.L.-R.); (A.A.-S.); (P.C.-C.); (A.P.-S.)
- Unidad de Investigación, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Raquel López-Rosa
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Campus de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.d.M.N.-L.); (D.T.-G.); (R.L.-R.); (A.A.-S.); (P.C.-C.); (A.P.-S.)
- Unidad de Investigación, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Ana Alcaraz-Sanabria
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Campus de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.d.M.N.-L.); (D.T.-G.); (R.L.-R.); (A.A.-S.); (P.C.-C.); (A.P.-S.)
- Unidad de Investigación, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Pablo Cristóbal-Cueto
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Campus de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.d.M.N.-L.); (D.T.-G.); (R.L.-R.); (A.A.-S.); (P.C.-C.); (A.P.-S.)
| | - Alejandro Pinedo-Serrano
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Campus de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.d.M.N.-L.); (D.T.-G.); (R.L.-R.); (A.A.-S.); (P.C.-C.); (A.P.-S.)
| | - Lorenzo Rivas-García
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Campus de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.d.M.N.-L.); (D.T.-G.); (R.L.-R.); (A.A.-S.); (P.C.-C.); (A.P.-S.)
| | - Eva M. Galán-Moya
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Campus de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.d.M.N.-L.); (D.T.-G.); (R.L.-R.); (A.A.-S.); (P.C.-C.); (A.P.-S.)
- Unidad de Investigación, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02008 Albacete, Spain
- Facultad de Enfermería, Campus de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
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20
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Baltanás FC, García-Navas R, Rodríguez-Ramos P, Calzada N, Cuesta C, Borrajo J, Fuentes-Mateos R, Olarte-San Juan A, Vidaña N, Castellano E, Santos E. Critical requirement of SOS1 for tumor development and microenvironment modulation in KRAS G12D-driven lung adenocarcinoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5856. [PMID: 37730692 PMCID: PMC10511506 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of genetic ablation of SOS1 or SOS2 is evaluated in a murine model of KRASG12D-driven lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). SOS2 ablation shows some protection during early stages but only SOS1 ablation causes significant, specific long term increase of survival/lifespan of the KRASG12D mice associated to markedly reduced tumor burden and reduced populations of cancer-associated fibroblasts, macrophages and T-lymphocytes in the lung tumor microenvironment (TME). SOS1 ablation also causes specific shrinkage and regression of LUAD tumoral masses and components of the TME in pre-established KRASG12D LUAD tumors. The critical requirement of SOS1 for KRASG12D-driven LUAD is further confirmed by means of intravenous tail injection of KRASG12D tumor cells into SOS1KO/KRASWT mice, or of SOS1-less, KRASG12D tumor cells into wildtype mice. In silico analyses of human lung cancer databases support also the dominant role of SOS1 regarding tumor development and survival in LUAD patients. Our data indicate that SOS1 is critically required for development of KRASG12D-driven LUAD and confirm the validity of this RAS-GEF activator as an actionable therapeutic target in KRAS mutant LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando C Baltanás
- Lab 1. Cancer Research Center, Institute of Cancer Molecular and Cellular Biology, CSIC-University of Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/"Virgen del Rocío" University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville and Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
| | - Rósula García-Navas
- Lab 1. Cancer Research Center, Institute of Cancer Molecular and Cellular Biology, CSIC-University of Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pablo Rodríguez-Ramos
- Lab 1. Cancer Research Center, Institute of Cancer Molecular and Cellular Biology, CSIC-University of Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nuria Calzada
- Lab 1. Cancer Research Center, Institute of Cancer Molecular and Cellular Biology, CSIC-University of Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Cuesta
- Lab 5. Cancer Research Center, Institute of Cancer Molecular and Cellular Biology, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier Borrajo
- Departament of Biomedical Sciences and Diagnostic, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rocío Fuentes-Mateos
- Lab 1. Cancer Research Center, Institute of Cancer Molecular and Cellular Biology, CSIC-University of Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Andrea Olarte-San Juan
- Lab 1. Cancer Research Center, Institute of Cancer Molecular and Cellular Biology, CSIC-University of Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nerea Vidaña
- Lab 1. Cancer Research Center, Institute of Cancer Molecular and Cellular Biology, CSIC-University of Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Esther Castellano
- Lab 5. Cancer Research Center, Institute of Cancer Molecular and Cellular Biology, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eugenio Santos
- Lab 1. Cancer Research Center, Institute of Cancer Molecular and Cellular Biology, CSIC-University of Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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21
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Xie X, Yu T, Li X, Zhang N, Foster LJ, Peng C, Huang W, He G. Recent advances in targeting the "undruggable" proteins: from drug discovery to clinical trials. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:335. [PMID: 37669923 PMCID: PMC10480221 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Undruggable proteins are a class of proteins that are often characterized by large, complex structures or functions that are difficult to interfere with using conventional drug design strategies. Targeting such undruggable targets has been considered also a great opportunity for treatment of human diseases and has attracted substantial efforts in the field of medicine. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the recent development of drug discovery targeting "undruggable" proteins and their application in clinic. To make this review well organized, we discuss the design strategies targeting the undruggable proteins, including covalent regulation, allosteric inhibition, protein-protein/DNA interaction inhibition, targeted proteins regulation, nucleic acid-based approach, immunotherapy and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Tingting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
- Department of Dermatology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China.
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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22
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Liu Y, Xie B, Chen Q. RAS signaling and immune cells: a sinister crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment. J Transl Med 2023; 21:595. [PMID: 37670322 PMCID: PMC10481548 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rat sarcoma virus (RAS) gene is the most commonly mutated oncogene in cancer, with about 19% of cancer patients carrying RAS mutations. Studies on the interaction between RAS mutation and tumor immune microenvironment (TIM) have been flourishing in recent years. More and more evidence has proved that RAS signals regulate immune cells' recruitment, activation, and differentiation while assisting tumor cells to evade immune surveillance. This review concluded the direct and indirect treatment strategies for RAS mutations. In addition, we updated the underlying mechanisms by which RAS signaling modulated immune infiltration and immune escape. Finally, we discussed advances in RAS-targeted immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines and adoptive cell therapies, with a particular focus on combination strategies with personalized therapy and great potential to achieve lasting clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongting Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Bin Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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23
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Zhang B, Liu C, Yang Z, Zhang S, Hu X, Li B, Mao M, Wang X, Li Z, Ma S, Zhang S, Qin C. Discovery of BWA-522, a First-in-Class and Orally Bioavailable PROTAC Degrader of the Androgen Receptor Targeting N-Terminal Domain for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11158-11186. [PMID: 37556600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
We report small molecular PROTAC compounds targeting the androgen receptor N-terminal domain (AR-NTD), which were obtained by tethering AR-NTD antagonists and different classes of E3 ligase ligands through chemical linkers. A representative compound, BWA-522, effectively induces degradation of both AR-FL and AR-V7 and is more potent than the corresponding antagonist against prostate cancer (PC) cells in vitro. We have shown that the degradation of AR-FL and AR-V7 proteins by BWA-522 can suppress the expression of AR downstream proteins and induce PC cell apoptosis. BWA-522 achieves 40.5% oral bioavailability in mice and 69.3% in beagle dogs. In a LNCaP xenograft model study, BWA-522 was also proved to be an efficacious PROTAC degrader, resulting in 76% tumor growth inhibition after oral administration of a dose of 60 mg/kg. This study indicates that BWA-522 is a promising AR-NTD PROTAC for the treatment of AR-FL- and AR-V7-dependent tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Zhenqian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Center for Targeted Protein Degradation and Drug Discovery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Xiaolin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Baohu Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Mei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Center for Targeted Protein Degradation and Drug Discovery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Zhuoyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Center for Targeted Protein Degradation and Drug Discovery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Shumin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Center for Targeted Protein Degradation and Drug Discovery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Center for Targeted Protein Degradation and Drug Discovery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Chong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Center for Targeted Protein Degradation and Drug Discovery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266137, China
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24
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Andrade F, German-Cortés J, Montero S, Carcavilla P, Baranda-Martínez-Abascal D, Moltó-Abad M, Seras-Franzoso J, Díaz-Riascos ZV, Rafael D, Abasolo I. The Nanotechnology-Based Approaches against Kirsten Rat Sarcoma-Mutated Cancers. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1686. [PMID: 37376135 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) is a small GTPase which acts as a molecular switch to regulate several cell biological processes including cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Alterations in KRAS have been found in 25% of all human cancers, with pancreatic cancer (90%), colorectal cancer (45%), and lung cancer (35%) being the types of cancer with the highest mutation rates. KRAS oncogenic mutations are not only responsible for malignant cell transformation and tumor development but also related to poor prognosis, low survival rate, and resistance to chemotherapy. Although different strategies have been developed to specifically target this oncoprotein over the last few decades, almost all of them have failed, relying on the current therapeutic solutions to target proteins involved in the KRAS pathway using chemical or gene therapy. Nanomedicine can certainly bring a solution for the lack of specificity and effectiveness of anti-KRAS therapy. Therefore, nanoparticles of different natures are being developed to improve the therapeutic index of drugs, genetic material, and/or biomolecules and to allow their delivery specifically into the cells of interest. The present work aims to summarize the most recent advances related to the use of nanotechnology for the development of new therapeutic strategies against KRAS-mutated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Andrade
- Clinical Biochemistry, Drug Delivery and Therapy Group (CB-DDT), Vall d'Hebron Institut of Research (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingenería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Júlia German-Cortés
- Clinical Biochemistry, Drug Delivery and Therapy Group (CB-DDT), Vall d'Hebron Institut of Research (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingenería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Montero
- Clinical Biochemistry, Drug Delivery and Therapy Group (CB-DDT), Vall d'Hebron Institut of Research (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingenería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Carcavilla
- Clinical Biochemistry, Drug Delivery and Therapy Group (CB-DDT), Vall d'Hebron Institut of Research (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingenería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Baranda-Martínez-Abascal
- Clinical Biochemistry, Drug Delivery and Therapy Group (CB-DDT), Vall d'Hebron Institut of Research (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingenería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Moltó-Abad
- Clinical Biochemistry, Drug Delivery and Therapy Group (CB-DDT), Vall d'Hebron Institut of Research (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingenería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Functional Validation & Preclinical Research (FVPR)/U20 ICTS Nanbiosis, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Seras-Franzoso
- Clinical Biochemistry, Drug Delivery and Therapy Group (CB-DDT), Vall d'Hebron Institut of Research (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingenería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Zamira Vanessa Díaz-Riascos
- Clinical Biochemistry, Drug Delivery and Therapy Group (CB-DDT), Vall d'Hebron Institut of Research (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingenería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Functional Validation & Preclinical Research (FVPR)/U20 ICTS Nanbiosis, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Rafael
- Clinical Biochemistry, Drug Delivery and Therapy Group (CB-DDT), Vall d'Hebron Institut of Research (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingenería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Functional Validation & Preclinical Research (FVPR)/U20 ICTS Nanbiosis, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ibane Abasolo
- Clinical Biochemistry, Drug Delivery and Therapy Group (CB-DDT), Vall d'Hebron Institut of Research (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingenería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Functional Validation & Preclinical Research (FVPR)/U20 ICTS Nanbiosis, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry Service, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Zografou-Barredo NA, Hallatt AJ, Goujon-Ricci J, Cano C. A beginner's guide to current synthetic linker strategies towards VHL-recruiting PROTACs. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 88-89:117334. [PMID: 37224698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have been revolutionary in drug development rendering targeted protein degradation (TPD) as an emerging therapeutic modality. These heterobifunctional molecules are comprised of three units: a ligand for the protein of interest (POI), a ligand for an E3 ubiquitin ligase, and a linker that tethers the two motifs together. Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) is one of the most widely employed E3 ligases in PROTACs development due to its prevalent expression across tissue types and well-characterised ligands. Linker composition and length has proven to play an important role in determining the physicochemical properties and spatial orientation of the POI-PROTAC-E3 ternary complex, thus influencing the bioactivity of degraders. Numerous articles and reports have been published showcasing the medicinal chemistry aspects of the linker design, but few have focused on the chemistry around tethering linkers to E3 ligase ligands. In this review, we focus on the current synthetic linker strategies employed in the assembly of VHL-recruiting PROTACs. We aim to cover a range of fundamental chemistries used to incorporate linkers of varying length, composition and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikol A Zografou-Barredo
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alex J Hallatt
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jennyfer Goujon-Ricci
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Céline Cano
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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26
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Harwood SJ, Smith CR, Lawson JD, Ketcham JM. Selected Approaches to Disrupting Protein-Protein Interactions within the MAPK/RAS Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087373. [PMID: 37108538 PMCID: PMC10139024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the MAPK/RAS pathway, there exists a plethora of protein-protein interactions (PPIs). For many years, scientists have focused efforts on drugging KRAS and its effectors in hopes to provide much needed therapies for patients with KRAS-mutant driven cancers. In this review, we focus on recent strategies to inhibit RAS-signaling via disrupting PPIs associated with SOS1, RAF, PDEδ, Grb2, and RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J David Lawson
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - John M Ketcham
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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27
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Luo G, Wang B, Hou Q, Wu X. Development of Son of Sevenless Homologue 1 (SOS1) Modulators To Treat Cancers by Regulating RAS Signaling. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4324-4341. [PMID: 36987571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Son of sevenless homologue 1 (SOS1) protein is universally expressed in cells and plays an important role in the RAS signaling pathway. Specifically, this protein interacts with RAS in response to upstream stimuli to promote guanine nucleotide exchange in RAS and activates the downstream signaling pathways. Thus, targeting SOS1 is a new approach for treating RAS-driven cancers. In this Perspective, we briefly summarize the structural and functional aspects of SOS1 and focus on recent advances in the discovery of activators, inhibitors, and PROTACs that target SOS1. This review aims to provide a timely and updated overview on the strategies for targeting SOS1 in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangmei Luo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Bingrui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qiangqiang Hou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaoxing Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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28
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Zhou Z, Zhou G, Zhou C, Fan Z, Cui R, Li Y, Li R, Gu Y, Li H, Ge Z, Cai X, Jiang B, Wang D, Zheng M, Xu T, Zhang S. Discovery of a Potent, Cooperative, and Selective SOS1 PROTAC ZZ151 with In Vivo Antitumor Efficacy in KRAS-Mutant Cancers. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4197-4214. [PMID: 36897932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The linker moiety of a proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) molecule plays a critical role in modulating the degradation activity, target selectivity, and physico-chemical properties. However, the basics and underlying mechanisms of chemical modifications of the linker structure causing dramatic changes in the PROTAC degradation activity warrant further investigation. Herein, we report the design and characterization of a highly potent and selective SOS1 PROTAC ZZ151. After systematically modifying the linker length and composition, we observed that subtle modification of just one atom of the linker moiety of ZZ151 resulted in remarkable changes in the formation of the ternary complex and thus dramatically affected the degradation activities. ZZ151 quickly, specifically, and effectively induced SOS1 degradation; displayed potent antiproliferation activities against a broad panel of KRAS mutant-driven cancer cells; and showed superior anticancer activities in the KRASG12D- and G12V-mutant xenografts in mice. ZZ151 is a promising lead for developing new chemotherapies targeting KRAS mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guizhen Zhou
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chuan Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zisheng Fan
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rongrong Cui
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yupeng Li
- Masonic Cancer Center & Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rui Li
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuejiao Gu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huajie Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Zhiming Ge
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Xiaojia Cai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Tianfeng Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Sulin Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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29
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Li JW, Zheng G, Kaye FJ, Wu L. PROTAC therapy as a new targeted therapy for lung cancer. Mol Ther 2023; 31:647-656. [PMID: 36415148 PMCID: PMC10014230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in molecular therapeutics, lung cancer is still a leading cause of cancer deaths. Currently, limited targeted therapy options and acquired drug resistance present significant barriers in the treatment of patients with lung cancer. New strategies in drug development, including those that take advantage of the intracellular ubiquitin-proteasome system to induce targeted protein degradation, have the potential to advance the field of personalized medicine for patients with lung cancer. Specifically, small molecule proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), consisting of two ligands connected by a linker that bind to a target protein and an E3 ubiquitin ligase, have been developed against many cancer targets, providing promising opportunities for advanced lung cancer. In this review, we focus on the rationale for PROTAC therapy as a new targeted therapy and the current status of PROTAC development in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W Li
- Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Frederic J Kaye
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Lizi Wu
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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30
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Liu M, Zhou G, Su W, Gu Y, Gao M, Wang K, Huo R, Li Y, Zhou Z, Chen K, Zheng M, Zhang S, Xu T. Design, Synthesis, and Bioevaluation of Pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidin-7-ones as Potent SOS1 Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:183-190. [PMID: 36793426 PMCID: PMC9923844 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of small molecular modulators to target the guanine nucleotide exchange factor SOS1 has been demonstrated to be a promising strategy for the treatment of various KRAS-driven cancers. In the present study, we designed and synthesized a series of new SOS1 inhibitors with the pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one scaffold. One representative compound 8u showed comparable activities to the reported SOS1 inhibitor BI-3406 in both the biochemical assay and the 3-D cell growth inhibition assay. Compound 8u obtained good cellular activities against a panel of KRAS G12-mutated cancer cell lines and inhibited downstream ERK and AKT activation in MIA PaCa-2 and AsPC-1 cells. In addition, it displayed synergistic antiproliferative effects when used in combination with KRAS G12C or G12D inhibitors. Further modifications of the new compounds may give us a promising SOS1 inhibitor with favorable druglike properties for use in the treatment of KRAS-mutated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Liu
- School
of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University
of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute
of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guizhen Zhou
- School
of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University
of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Drug
Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi
Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenhong Su
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute
of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Nano
Science and Technology Institute, University
of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuejiao Gu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute
of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingshan Gao
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute
of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kun Wang
- School
of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University
of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute
of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ruifeng Huo
- Drug
Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi
Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yupeng Li
- Masonic
Cancer
Center & Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Zehui Zhou
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute
of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- School
of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University
of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Drug
Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi
Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Drug
Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi
Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Sulin Zhang
- Drug
Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi
Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tianfeng Xu
- School
of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University
of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute
of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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31
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Chen Q, Liu C, Wang W, Meng X, Cheng X, Li X, Cai L, Luo L, He X, Qu H, Luo J, Wei H, Gao S, Liu G, Wan J, Israel DI, Li J, Dou D. Optimization of PROTAC Ternary Complex Using DNA Encoded Library Approach. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:25-33. [PMID: 36606710 PMCID: PMC9872815 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) strategy results in the down-regulation of unwanted protein(s) for disease treatment. In the PROTAC process, a heterobifunctional degrader forms a ternary complex with a target protein of interest (POI) and an E3 ligase, which results in ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the POI. While ternary complex formation is a key attribute of PROTAC degraders, modification of the PROTAC molecule to optimize ternary complex formation and protein degradation can be a labor-intensive and tedious process. In this study, we take advantage of DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology to efficiently synthesize a vast number of possible PROTAC molecules and describe a parallel screening approach that utilizes DNA barcodes as reporters of ternary complex formation and cooperative binding. We use a designed PROTAC DEL against BRD4 and CRBN to describe a dual protein affinity selection method and the direct discovery of novel, potent BRD4 PROTACs that importantly demonstrate clear SAR. Such an approach evaluates all the potential PROTACs simultaneously, avoids the interference of PROTAC solubility and permeability, and uses POI and E3 ligase proteins in an efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Chen
- Lead
Generation Unit and Discovery Chemistry Unit, HitGen Inc., Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Lead
Generation Unit and Discovery Chemistry Unit, HitGen Inc., Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Lead
Generation Unit and Discovery Chemistry Unit, HitGen Inc., Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, China
| | - Xiaoyun Meng
- Lead
Generation Unit and Discovery Chemistry Unit, HitGen Inc., Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, China
| | - Xuemin Cheng
- Lead
Generation Unit and Discovery Chemistry Unit, HitGen Inc., Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, China
| | - Xianyang Li
- Lead
Generation Unit and Discovery Chemistry Unit, HitGen Inc., Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, China
| | - Longying Cai
- Lead
Generation Unit and Discovery Chemistry Unit, HitGen Inc., Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, China
| | - Linfu Luo
- Lead
Generation Unit and Discovery Chemistry Unit, HitGen Inc., Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, China
| | - Xu He
- Lead
Generation Unit and Discovery Chemistry Unit, HitGen Inc., Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, China
| | - Huan Qu
- Lead
Generation Unit and Discovery Chemistry Unit, HitGen Inc., Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Lead
Generation Unit and Discovery Chemistry Unit, HitGen Inc., Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Lead
Generation Unit and Discovery Chemistry Unit, HitGen Inc., Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, China
| | - Sen Gao
- Lead
Generation Unit and Discovery Chemistry Unit, HitGen Inc., Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, China
| | - Guansai Liu
- Lead
Generation Unit and Discovery Chemistry Unit, HitGen Inc., Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, China
| | - Jinqiao Wan
- Lead
Generation Unit and Discovery Chemistry Unit, HitGen Inc., Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, China
| | | | - Jin Li
- HitGen
Inc., Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, China
| | - Dengfeng Dou
- Lead
Generation Unit and Discovery Chemistry Unit, HitGen Inc., Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, China
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32
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Baietti MF, Sewduth RN. Novel Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Post-Translational Modifications in Lung Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010206. [PMID: 36678835 PMCID: PMC9865455 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. It consists of two different subtypes: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Despite novel therapeutic options such as immunotherapy, only 20% of lung cancer patients survive the disease after five years. This low survival rate is due to acquired drug resistance and severe off-target effects caused by currently used therapies. Identification and development of novel and targeted therapeutic approaches are urgently required to improve the standard of care for lung cancer patients. Here, we describe the recent development of novel drug-delivery approaches, such as adenovirus, lipid nanoparticles, and PROTACs, that have been tested in clinical trials and experimentally in the context of fundamental research. These different options show that it is now possible to target protein kinases, phosphatases, ubiquitin ligases, or protein modifications directly in lung cancer to block disease progression. Furthermore, the recent acceptance of RNA vaccines using lipid nanoparticles has further revealed therapeutic options that could be combined with chemo-/immunotherapies to improve current lung cancer therapies. This review aims to compare recent advances in the pharmaceutical research field for the development of technologies targeting post-translational modifications or protein modifiers involved in the tumorigenesis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Francesca Baietti
- TRACE, Laboratory for RNA Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: (M.F.B.); (R.N.S.)
| | - Raj Nayan Sewduth
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: (M.F.B.); (R.N.S.)
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Banerjee S, Sharma S, Thakur A, Sachdeva R, Sharma R, Nepali K, Liou JP. N-Heterocycle based Degraders (PROTACs) Manifesting Anticancer Efficacy: Recent Advances. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:1184-1208. [PMID: 37946353 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501273969231102095615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) technology has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of undruggable therapeutic targets. Researchers have invested a great effort in developing druggable PROTACs; however, the problems associated with PROTACs, including poor solubility, metabolic stability, cell permeability, and pharmacokinetic profile, restrict their clinical utility. Thus, there is a pressing need to expand the size of the armory of PROTACs which will escalate the chances of pinpointing new PROTACs with optimum pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties. N- heterocycle is a class of organic frameworks that have been widely explored to construct new and novel PROTACs. This review provides an overview of recent efforts of medicinal chemists to develop N-heterocycle-based PROTACs as effective cancer therapeutics. Specifically, the recent endeavors centred on the discovery of PROTACs have been delved into various classes based on the E3 ligase they target (MDM2, IAP, CRBN, and other E3 ligases). Mechanistic insights revealed during the biological assessment of recently furnished Nheterocyclic- based PROTACs constructed via the utilization of ligands for various E3 ligases have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suddhasatwa Banerjee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110031, Taiwan
| | - Sachin Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110031, Taiwan
| | - Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110031, Taiwan
| | - Ritika Sachdeva
- College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110031, Taiwan
| | - Ram Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110031, Taiwan
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110031, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110031, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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34
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Bian Y, Alem D, Beato F, Hogenson TL, Yang X, Jiang K, Cai J, Ma WW, Fernandez-Zapico M, Tan AC, Lawrence NJ, Fleming JB, Yuan Y, Xie H. Development of SOS1 Inhibitor-Based Degraders to Target KRAS-Mutant Colorectal Cancer. J Med Chem 2022; 65:16432-16450. [PMID: 36459180 PMCID: PMC10113742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Direct blockade of KRAS driver mutations in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been challenging. Targeting SOS1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, has arisen as an attractive approach for KRAS-mutant CRC. Here, we describe the development of novel SOS1 degraders and their activity in patient-derived CRC organoids (PDO). The design of these degraders as proteolysis-targeting chimera was based on the crystal structures of cereblon and SOS1. The synthesis used the 6- and 7-OH groups of a quinazoline core as anchor points to connect lenalidomide. Fifteen compounds were screened for SOS1 degradation. P7 was found to have up to 92% SOS1 degradation in both CRC cell lines and PDOs with excellent specificity. SOS1 degrader P7 demonstrated superior activity in inhibiting CRC PDO growth with an IC50 5 times lower than that of SOS1 inhibitor BI3406. In summary, we developed new SOS1 degraders and demonstrated SOS1 degradation as a feasible therapeutic strategy for KRAS-mutant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Bian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 4111 Libra Drive, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Diego Alem
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Francisca Beato
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Tara L Hogenson
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Xinrui Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Kun Jiang
- Department of Pathology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 12111 USF Sweetgum Ln, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Wen Wee Ma
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Martin Fernandez-Zapico
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Aik Choon Tan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Nicholas J Lawrence
- Department of Drug Discovery, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Jason B Fleming
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Yu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 4111 Libra Drive, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
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35
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De Vos N, Hofmans M, Lammens T, De Wilde B, Van Roy N, De Moerloose B. Targeted therapy in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia: Where are we now? Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29930. [PMID: 36094370 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a rare and aggressive clonal neoplasm of early childhood, classified as an overlap myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic neoplasm by the World Health Organization. In 90% of the patients with JMML, typical initiating mutations in the canonical Ras pathway genes NF1, PTPN11, NRAS, KRAS, and CBL can be identified. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) currently is the established standard of care in most patients, although long-term survival is still only 50-60%. Given the limited therapeutic options and the important morbidity and mortality associated with HSCT, new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Hyperactivation of the Ras pathway as disease mechanism in JMML lends itself to the use of targeted therapy. Targeted therapy could play an important role in the future treatment of patients with JMML. This review presents a comprehensive overview of targeted therapies already developed and evaluated in vitro and in vivo in patients with JMML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele De Vos
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mattias Hofmans
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Lammens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bram De Wilde
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nadine Van Roy
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Barbara De Moerloose
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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36
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Gao J, Ma Y, Yang G, Li G. Translationally controlled tumor protein: the mediator promoting cancer invasion and migration and its potential clinical prospects. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:642-654. [PMID: 35953758 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is a highly conserved multifunctional protein localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is secreted through exosomes and its degradation is associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27), and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Its structure contains three α-helices and eleven β-strands, and features a helical hairpin as its hallmark. TCTP shows a remarkable similarity to the methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase B (MsrB) and mammalian suppressor of Sec4 (Mss4/Dss4) protein families, which exerts guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity on small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) proteins, suggesting that some functions of TCTP may at least depend on its GEF action. Indeed, TCTP exerts GEF activity on Ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb) to boost the growth and proliferation of Drosophila cells. TCTP also enhances the expression of cell division control protein 42 homolog (Cdc42) to promote cancer cell invasion and migration. Moreover, TCTP regulates cytoskeleton organization by interacting with actin microfilament (MF) and microtubule (MT) proteins and inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. In essence, TCTP promotes cancer cell movement. It is usually highly expressed in cancerous tissues and thus reduces patient survival; meanwhile, drugs can target TCTP to reduce this effect. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of TCTP in promoting cancer invasion and migration, and describe the current inhibitory strategy to target TCTP in cancerous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant, School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant, School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Guiwen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant, School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Guorong Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant, School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China. ,
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37
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Ketcham JM, Haling J, Khare S, Bowcut V, Briere DM, Burns AC, Gunn RJ, Ivetac A, Kuehler J, Kulyk S, Laguer J, Lawson JD, Moya K, Nguyen N, Rahbaek L, Saechao B, Smith CR, Sudhakar N, Thomas NC, Vegar L, Vanderpool D, Wang X, Yan L, Olson P, Christensen JG, Marx MA. Design and Discovery of MRTX0902, a Potent, Selective, Brain-Penetrant, and Orally Bioavailable Inhibitor of the SOS1:KRAS Protein-Protein Interaction. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9678-9690. [PMID: 35833726 PMCID: PMC9340770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
SOS1 is one of the major guanine nucleotide exchange
factors that
regulates the ability of KRAS to cycle through its “on”
and “off” states. Disrupting the SOS1:KRASG12C protein–protein interaction (PPI) can increase the proportion
of GDP-loaded KRASG12C, providing a strong mechanistic
rationale for combining inhibitors of the SOS1:KRAS complex with inhibitors
like MRTX849 that target GDP-loaded KRASG12C. In this report,
we detail the design and discovery of MRTX0902—a potent, selective,
brain-penetrant, and orally bioavailable SOS1 binder that disrupts
the SOS1:KRASG12C PPI. Oral administration of MRTX0902
in combination with MRTX849 results in a significant increase in antitumor
activity relative to that of either single agent, including tumor
regressions in a subset of animals in the MIA PaCa-2 tumor mouse xenograft
model.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Ketcham
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jacob Haling
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Shilpi Khare
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Vickie Bowcut
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - David M Briere
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Aaron C Burns
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Robin J Gunn
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Anthony Ivetac
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jon Kuehler
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Svitlana Kulyk
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jade Laguer
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - J David Lawson
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Krystal Moya
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Natalie Nguyen
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lisa Rahbaek
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Barbara Saechao
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Christopher R Smith
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Niranjan Sudhakar
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Nicole C Thomas
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Laura Vegar
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Darin Vanderpool
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Xiaolun Wang
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Larry Yan
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Peter Olson
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - James G Christensen
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Matthew A Marx
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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38
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Li W, Hu X, Huang X. Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 847 promotes laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma progression through the microRNA-181a-5p/zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 axis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:9987-10000. [PMID: 35435130 PMCID: PMC9161931 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2062531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study is targeted at investigating the effects of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 847 (LINC00847) on the malignant biological behaviors of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) cells, and the mechanisms. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting were conducted for detecting the expressions of LINC00847, microRNA-181a-5p (miR-181a-5p) and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) in LSCC cell lines and tissue samples. BrdU, cell counting kit-8, scratch wound healing, Transwell and flow cytometry assays were utilized for detecting cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle progression. Dual-luciferase reporter gene, RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP), and RNA pull-down assays were utilized to investigate the interaction among LINC00847, miR-181a-5p, and ZEB2. The subcellular location of LINC00847 was determined by RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH) assay. Tumor growth was evaluated using a xenograft model of nude mice. It was revealed that LINC00847 expression was increased in LSCC tissues, and its high expression was associated with lymph node metastasis and poor differentiation. LINC00847 was mainly located in the cytoplasm of LSCC cells, and LINC00847 overexpression promoted LSCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and accelerated the cell cycle progression while knocking down LINC00847 had the opposite effects in vitro and inhibited the tumor growth in vivo. LINC00847 directly targeted miR-181a-5p and negatively modulated miR-181a-5p expression. ZEB2 was a target gene of miR-181a-5p, and was positively and indirectly modulated by LINC00847. Our data suggest that LINC00847 promotes LSCC progression by regulating the miR-181a-5p/ZEB2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ezhou Central Hospital, Hubei, Ezhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Xionghui Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tongxiang First People’s Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ezhou Central Hospital, Hubei, Ezhou Province, P.R. China
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