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Zhao W, Wang L, Zhang M, Liu Z, Wu C, Pan X, Huang Z, Lu C, Quan G. Photodynamic therapy for cancer: mechanisms, photosensitizers, nanocarriers, and clinical studies. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e603. [PMID: 38911063 PMCID: PMC11193138 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a temporally and spatially precisely controllable, noninvasive, and potentially highly efficient method of phototherapy. The three components of PDT primarily include photosensitizers, oxygen, and light. PDT employs specific wavelengths of light to active photosensitizers at the tumor site, generating reactive oxygen species that are fatal to tumor cells. Nevertheless, traditional photosensitizers have disadvantages such as poor water solubility, severe oxygen-dependency, and low targetability, and the light is difficult to penetrate the deep tumor tissue, which remains the toughest task in the application of PDT in the clinic. Here, we systematically summarize the development and the molecular mechanisms of photosensitizers, and the challenges of PDT in tumor management, highlighting the advantages of nanocarriers-based PDT against cancer. The development of third generation photosensitizers has opened up new horizons in PDT, and the cooperation between nanocarriers and PDT has attained satisfactory achievements. Finally, the clinical studies of PDT are discussed. Overall, we present an overview and our perspective of PDT in the field of tumor management, and we believe this work will provide a new insight into tumor-based PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability AssessmentJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Liqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability AssessmentJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Meihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability AssessmentJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhiqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability AssessmentJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability AssessmentJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability AssessmentJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability AssessmentJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guilan Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability AssessmentJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
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2
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Tan S, Fu Q, Lei K, Mei W, Liu J, Qian X, Xu Y. Naphtho[1,8-ef]isoindole-7,8,10(9H)-trione as Novel Theranostic Agents for Photodynamic Therapy and Multi-Subcellular Organelles Localization. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400187. [PMID: 38711387 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
A series of naphtho[1,8-ef]isoindole-7,8,10(9H)-trione derivatives as novel theranostic agents for photodynamic therapy and multi-subcellular organelles localization were designed and synthesized. Most of them possess moderate fluorescence quantum yield and long wavelength absorption simultaneously, which made them possible for dual effects of imaging and therapy. Notably, compounds 7 b and 7 d exhibited significant light-toxicity but slight dark-toxicity. Confocal fluorescence microscopy experiments demonstrated that compound 7 b can locate and image in special multi-subcellular organelles. All the research results implied that naphtho[1,8-ef] isoindole-7,8,10(9H)-trione derivatives can be applied as a new series of theranostic agents with the characteristics of photodynamic therapy and multi-subcellular organelles imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Tan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qiqi Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Kecheng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Biomedical Nanotechnology Center, School of pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wenyi Mei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jianwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Biomedical Nanotechnology Center, School of pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xuhong Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yufang Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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3
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Hu M, Dong X, Zhao W. Lysosome-targeted Aza-BODIPY photosensitizers for anti-cancer photodynamic therapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 99:117583. [PMID: 38198943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Developing effective near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizers (PSs) has been an attractive goal of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer treatment. In this study, we synthesized N, N-diethylaminomethylphenyl-containing Aza-BODIPY photosensitizers and comprehensively investigated their photophysical/photochemical properties, as well as cell-based and animal-based anti-tumor studies. Among them, BDP 1 has strong NIR absorption at 680 nm and higher singlet oxygen yield in PBS which showed favorable pH-activatable and lysosome-targeting ability. BDP 1 could be easily taken up by tumor cells and showed negligible dark activity (IC50 > 50 μM), however strong phototoxicity upon exposure to light irradiation. The acceptable fluorescence emission from BDP 1 allowed convenient in vivo fluorescence imaging for organ distribution studies in mice. After PDT treatment with upon single time PDT treatment at the beginning using relatively low light dose (54 J/ cm2), BDP 1 (2 mg/kg, 0.1 mL) was found to have strong efficacy to inhibit tumor growth and even to ablate off tumor without causing body weight loss. Therefore, pH-activatable and lysosome-targeted PS may become an effective way to develop potent PDT agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xiaochun Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Weili Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China.
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4
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Cao N, Jiang Y, Song ZB, Chen D, Wu D, Chen ZL, Yan YJ. Synthesis and evaluation of novel meso-substitutedphenyl dithieno[3,2-b]thiophene-fused BODIPY derivatives as efficient photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:116012. [PMID: 38056302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of new photosensitizer drugs with long wavelength Uv-vis absorption, high efficiency and low side-effects is still a challenge in photodynamic therapy. Here a series of novel meso-substitutedphenyl thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-fused BODIPY derivatives were designed, synthesized and characterized. All these compounds have strong absorption at 640-680 nm and obvious fluorescence emission at 650-760 nm. They exhibited high singlet oxygen generation ability and significant photodynamic efficiency against Eca-109 cancer cells. Compounds II4, II6, II9, II10 and II13 could generate intracellular ROS and induce cell apoptosis after laser irradiation, which displayed superior photodynamic efficiency against Eca-109 cells than Temoporfin in vitro and in vivo. Among them, compound II4 specifically exhibited excellent anti-tumor efficacy, and could be selected as a new drug candidate for PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhi-Bing Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Danye Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of London, London, SW72AZ, UK
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Zhi-Long Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Department of Pharmacy, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Yi-Jia Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China; Shanghai Xianhui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201620, China.
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5
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Udrea AM, Smarandache A, Dinache A, Mares C, Nistorescu S, Avram S, Staicu A. Photosensitizers-Loaded Nanocarriers for Enhancement of Photodynamic Therapy in Melanoma Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2124. [PMID: 37631339 PMCID: PMC10460031 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma poses a significant global health burden. It is the most aggressive and lethal form of skin cancer, attributed to various risk factors such as UV radiation exposure, genetic modifications, chemical carcinogens, immunosuppression, and fair complexion. Photodynamic therapy is a promising minimally invasive treatment that uses light to activate a photosensitizer, resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen species, which ultimately promote cell death. When selecting photosensitizers for melanoma photodynamic therapy, the presence of melanin should be considered. Melanin absorbs visible radiation similar to most photosensitizers and has antioxidant properties, which undermines the reactive species generated in photodynamic therapy processes. These characteristics have led to further research for new photosensitizing platforms to ensure better treatment results. The development of photosensitizers has advanced with the use of nanotechnology, which plays a crucial role in enhancing solubility, optical absorption, and tumour targeting. This paper reviews the current approaches (that use the synergistic effect of different photosensitizers, nanocarriers, chemotherapeutic agents) in the photodynamic therapy of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Udrea
- Lasers Department, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania; (A.M.U.); (A.D.); (S.N.)
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Adriana Smarandache
- Lasers Department, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania; (A.M.U.); (A.D.); (S.N.)
| | - Andra Dinache
- Lasers Department, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania; (A.M.U.); (A.D.); (S.N.)
| | - Catalina Mares
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Simona Nistorescu
- Lasers Department, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania; (A.M.U.); (A.D.); (S.N.)
| | - Speranta Avram
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Angela Staicu
- Lasers Department, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania; (A.M.U.); (A.D.); (S.N.)
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Dutta D, Nair RR, Mangalath S, Nair SA, Joseph J, Gogoi P, Ramaiah D. Biocompatible Aza-BODIPY-Biotin Conjugates for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:26180-26190. [PMID: 37521632 PMCID: PMC10373210 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
With an objective to develop efficient photosensitizers to cancerous tissues, we synthesized two novel biocompatible sensitizers based on aza-BODIPYs incorporated with heavy atoms and biotin moieties. The bioconjugates DPR2a and DPR2b exhibited a favorable absorption range (600-750 nm) with excellent triplet-state quantum yields (up to 79%) and singlet oxygen generation yields (up to 75%). In vitro photobiological investigations employing MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines exhibited rapid cellular uptake, negligible dark toxicity, and high photocytotoxicity. The mechanism of cell death of these systems was predominantly due to the mitochondrial damage, leading to apoptosis mediated via the generation of singlet oxygen-triggered reactive oxygen species. The in vivo studies with the representative conjugate DPR2a employing female NOD/SCID mice models showed inhibition in tumor growth and significantly decreased tumor volume post photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment. Our results validate that both DPR2a and DPR2b with iodine incorporation exhibit favorable and superior photophysical and photobiological aspects and demonstrate thereby their potential applications in imaging and PDT of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Dutta
- Applied
Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology
(CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rajshree R. Nair
- Cancer
Research Program 4, Rajiv Gandhi Centre
for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695014, India
- Manipal
Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Sreejith Mangalath
- Photosciences
and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science
and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, India
| | - S. Asha Nair
- Cancer
Research Program 4, Rajiv Gandhi Centre
for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Joshy Joseph
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Photosciences
and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science
and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, India
| | - Pranjal Gogoi
- Applied
Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology
(CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Danaboyina Ramaiah
- Department
of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology
& Science (BITS), Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
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Lima E, Reis LV. Photodynamic Therapy: From the Basics to the Current Progress of N-Heterocyclic-Bearing Dyes as Effective Photosensitizers. Molecules 2023; 28:5092. [PMID: 37446758 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy, an alternative that has gained weight and popularity compared to current conventional therapies in the treatment of cancer, is a minimally invasive therapeutic strategy that generally results from the simultaneous action of three factors: a molecule with high sensitivity to light, the photosensitizer, molecular oxygen in the triplet state, and light energy. There is much to be said about each of these three elements; however, the efficacy of the photosensitizer is the most determining factor for the success of this therapeutic modality. Porphyrins, chlorins, phthalocyanines, boron-dipyrromethenes, and cyanines are some of the N-heterocycle-bearing dyes' classes with high biological promise. In this review, a concise approach is taken to these and other families of potential photosensitizers and the molecular modifications that have recently appeared in the literature within the scope of their photodynamic application, as well as how these compounds and their formulations may eventually overcome the deficiencies of the molecules currently clinically used and revolutionize the therapies to eradicate or delay the growth of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eurico Lima
- CQ-VR-Chemistry Centre of Vila Real, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Lucinda V Reis
- CQ-VR-Chemistry Centre of Vila Real, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Cheng HB, Cao X, Zhang S, Zhang K, Cheng Y, Wang J, Zhao J, Zhou L, Liang XJ, Yoon J. BODIPY as a Multifunctional Theranostic Reagent in Biomedicine: Self-Assembly, Properties, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207546. [PMID: 36398522 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) in biomedicine is reviewed. To open, its synthesis and regulatory strategies are summarized, and inspiring cutting-edge work in post-functionalization strategies is highlighted. A brief overview of assembly model of BODIPY is then provided: BODIPY is introduced as a promising building block for the formation of single- and multicomponent self-assembled systems, including nanostructures suitable for aqueous environments, thereby showing the great development potential of supramolecular assembly in biomedicine applications. The frontier progress of BODIPY in biomedical application is thereafter described, supported by examples of the frontiers of biomedical applications of BODIPY-containing smart materials: it mainly involves the application of materials based on BODIPY building blocks and their assemblies in fluorescence bioimaging, photoacoustic imaging, disease treatment including photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and immunotherapy. Lastly, not only the current status of the BODIPY family in the biomedical field but also the challenges worth considering are summarized. At the same time, insights into the future development prospects of biomedically applicable BODIPY are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shuchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Keyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Liming Zhou
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
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Lu Y, Sun W, Du J, Fan J, Peng X. Immuno-photodynamic Therapy (IPDT): Organic Photosensitizers and Their Application in Cancer Ablation. JACS AU 2023; 3:682-699. [PMID: 37006765 PMCID: PMC10052235 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosensitizer-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been considered as a promising modality for fighting diverse types of cancers. PDT directly inhibits local tumors by a minimally invasive strategy, but it seems to be incapable of achieving complete eradication and fails to prevent metastasis and recurrence. Recently, increasing events proved that PDT was associated with immunotherapy by triggering immunogenic cell death (ICD). Upon a specific wavelength of light irradiation, the photosensitizers will turn the surrounding oxygen molecules into cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) for killing the cancer cells. Simultaneously, the dying tumor cells release tumor-associated antigens, which could improve immunogenicity to activate immune cells. However, the progressively enhanced immunity is typically limited by the intrinsic immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). To overcome this obstacle, immuno-photodynamic therapy (IPDT) has come to be one of the most beneficial strategies, which takes advantage of PDT to stimulate the immune response and unite immunotherapy for inducing immune-OFF tumors to immune-ON ones, to achieve systemic immune response and prevent cancer recurrence. In this Perspective, we provide a review of recent advances in organic photosensitizer-based IPDT. The general process of immune responses triggered by photosensitizers (PSs) and how to enhance the antitumor immune pathway by modifying the chemical structure or conjugating with a targeting component was discussed. In addition, future perspectives and challenges associated with IPDT strategies are also discussed. We hope this Perspective could inspire more innovative ideas and provide executable strategies for future developments in the war against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart
Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Wen Sun
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart
Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, College of Materials Science and
Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart
Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, College of Materials Science and
Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, P. R. China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart
Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, College of Materials Science and
Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart
Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, College of Materials Science and
Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, P. R. China
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10
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Mariewskaya KA, Krasilnikov MS, Korshun VA, Ustinov AV, Alferova VA. Near-Infrared Dyes: Towards Broad-Spectrum Antivirals. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010188. [PMID: 36613629 PMCID: PMC9820607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Broad antiviral activity in vitro is known for many organic photosensitizers generating reactive oxygen species under irradiation with visible light. Low tissue penetration of visible light prevents further development of antiviral therapeutics based on these compounds. One possible solution to this problem is the development of photosensitizers with near-infrared absorption (NIR dyes). These compounds found diverse applications in the photodynamic therapy of tumors and bacterial infections, but they are scarcely mentioned as antivirals. In this account, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic prospects of various NIR-absorbing and singlet oxygen-generating chromophores for the development of broad-spectrum photosensitizing antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya A. Mariewskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim S. Krasilnikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Korshun
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-4957246715
| | - Alexey V. Ustinov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera A. Alferova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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11
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Lu Z, Xu G, Yang X, Liu S, Sun Y, Chen L, Liu Q, Liu J. Dual-Activated Nano-Prodrug for Chemo-Photodynamic Combination Therapy of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415656. [PMID: 36555298 PMCID: PMC9779597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we developed a dual-activated prodrug, BTC, that contains three functional components: a glutathione (GSH)-responsive BODIPY-based photosensitizer with a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) effect between BODIPY and the 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonate (DNBS) group, and an ROS-responsive thioketal linker connecting BODIPY and the chemotherapeutic agent camptothecin (CPT). Interestingly, CPT displayed low toxicity because the active site of CPT was modified by the BODIPY-based macrocycle. Additionally, BTC was encapsulated with the amphiphilic polymer DSPE-mPEG2000 to improve drug solubility and tumor selectivity. The resulting nano-prodrug passively targeted tumor cells through enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects, and then the photosensitizing ability of the BODIPY dye was restored by removing the DNBS group with the high concentration of GSH in tumor cells. Light-triggered ROS from activated BODIPY can not only induce apoptosis or necrosis of tumor cells but also sever the thioketal linker to release CPT, achieving the combination treatment of selective photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy. The antitumor activity of the prodrug has been demonstrated in mouse mammary carcinoma 4T1 and human breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines and 4T1 tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Lu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Gan Xu
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xiaozhen Yang
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
- Department of Gynecology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Li Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Qinying Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianyong Liu
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (J.L.)
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Wang H, Jing G, Niu J, Yang L, Li Y, Gao Y, Wang H, Xu X, Qian Y, Wang S. A mitochondria-anchored supramolecular photosensitizer as a pyroptosis inducer for potent photodynamic therapy and enhanced antitumor immunity. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:513. [PMID: 36463229 PMCID: PMC9719646 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of a potent photosensitizer with desirable immunogenic cell death (ICD) ability can prominently enhance antitumor immunity in photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, majority of commercially-available photosensitizers suffer from serious aggregation and fail to elicit sufficient ICD. Pyroptosis as a newly identified pattern for potent ICD generation is rarely disclosed in reported photosensitizers. In addition, the photosensitizer with excellent mitochondria-anchored ability evokes prominent mitochondria oxidative stress, and consequently induces ICD. RESULTS Herein, a novel supramolecular photosensitizer LDH@ZnPc is reported, without complicated preparation, but reveals desirable pyroptosis-triggered ability with mitochondria anchoring feature. LDH@ZnPc is obtained through isolation of ZnPc using positive charged layered double hydroxides (LDH), and excellent mitochondria-anchored ability is achieved. More importantly, LDH@ZnPc-mediated PDT can effectively initiate gasdermin D (GSDMD)-dependent pyroptosis of tumor cells. In vitro and in vivo results verify robust ICD ability and potent tumor inhibition efficacy, and antitumor immunity towards distant tumor inhibition. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that LDH@ZnPc can act as an excellent pyroptosis inducer with simultaneous mitochondria anchoring ability for enhancing photodynamic therapy and boosting antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxin Jing
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Jintong Niu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Youyuan Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Gao
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Huichao Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yechang Qian
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 201900, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shilong Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
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Liu C, Jin Y, Ji X, Zhao W, Dong X. Access to Pyridinyl or Pyridinium Aza‐BODIPYs with Tunable Near‐Infrared Fluorescence through ICT from 4‐Pyridinyl Pyrroles**. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201503. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy Fudan University Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
| | - Yue Jin
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Henan University Kaifeng 475004 P. R. China
| | - Xin Ji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy Fudan University Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
| | - Weili Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy Fudan University Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Henan University Kaifeng 475004 P. R. China
| | - Xiaochun Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy Fudan University Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
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Liu S, Han J, Wang W, Chang Y, Wang R, Wang Z, Li G, Zhu D, Bryce MR. AIE-active Ir( iii) complexes functionalised with a cationic Schiff base ligand: synthesis, photophysical properties and applications in photodynamic therapy. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:16119-16125. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02960j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two AIE-active Ir(iii) cationic complexes containing Schiff base ligands were synthesised. Ir-2-N+ NPs are shown to be good PSs in vitro for PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, P. R. China
| | - Jiahong Han
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, P. R. China
| | - Weijin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, P. R. China
| | - Yulei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033, China
| | - Runlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, P. R. China
| | - Guangzhe Li
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Health Food of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province 130117, P. R. China
| | - Dongxia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, P. R. China
| | - Martin R. Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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