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Han T, Sun Y, Zhao C, Wang HY, Yu H, Liu Y. Mitochondrial-Targeted Ratiometric Near-Infrared Fluorescence Probe for Monitoring Nitric Oxide in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Med Chem 2024; 67:4026-4035. [PMID: 38359302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a destructive autoimmune disease, where nitric oxide (NO) is closely implicated in the inflammatory processes of RA. Therefore, direct visualization of NO is essential to assess the pathological changes in RA. Herein, a mitochondrial-targeted near-infrared ratiometric fluorescent probe (NFL-NH2), based on the intramolecular charge transfer effect, was synthesized and applied to monitor the changes of NO content in early RA. Specially, probe NFL-NH2 showed a 44-fold fluorescent intensity ratio (I705/I780) response toward NO with a detection limit of 0.536 nM, enabling qualitative and quantitative analysis of NO. Additionally, NFL-NH2 can accurately target mitochondria and sensitively detect exogenous and endogenous NO in RAW 264.7 cells. Notably, in vivo RA monitoring assays demonstrated that NFL-NH2 can rapidly detect NO levels associated with the inflammatory damage degree in RA mice models by ratiometric fluorescence imaging. These results validate that NFL-NH2 holds significant potential for diagnosing NO-mediated RA diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Han
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ye Sun
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Hui Yu
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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Liashuk OS, Ryzhov IA, Hryshchuk OV, Volovenko YM, Grygorenko OO. [3+2] Cycloaddition of Alkynyl Boronates and in situ Generated Azomethine Ylide. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303504. [PMID: 38059680 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Scalable [3+2] cycloaddition of alkynyl boronates and in situ generated unstabilized azomethine ylide is reported for the first time. The selective formation of either 1 : 1 or 1 : 2 cycloaddition products was achieved by carefully optimizing the reaction conditions, mainly by controlling the reactant stoichiometry, catalyst loading, and internal temperature. The developed protocol tolerated many valuable functional groups, including TMS, protected alcohol (as ether or THP derivatives), or aldehyde (as acetal). Further common C-C and C-heteroatom bond-forming reactions, as well as scaled-up procedures demonstrate the utility of the prepared compounds as building blocks for organic synthesis and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr S Liashuk
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Ihor A Ryzhov
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr V Hryshchuk
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Yulian M Volovenko
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
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Lee K, Kim YA, Jung C, Sim J, Rajasekar S, Kwak JH, Viji M, Jung JK. Microwave-Mediated, Catalyst-Free Synthesis of 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5- a]pyridines from Enaminonitriles. Molecules 2024; 29:894. [PMID: 38398645 PMCID: PMC10892893 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A catalyst-free, additive-free, and eco-friendly method for synthesizing 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines under microwave conditions has been established. This tandem reaction involves the use of enaminonitriles and benzohydrazides, a transamidation mechanism followed by nucleophilic addition with nitrile, and subsequent condensation to yield the target compound in a short reaction time. The methodology demonstrates a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance, resulting in the formation of products in good-to-excellent yields. Furthermore, the scale-up reaction and late-stage functionalization of triazolo pyridine further demonstrate its synthetic utility. A plausible reaction pathway, based on our findings, has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mayavan Viji
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea; (K.L.); (Y.-A.K.); (C.J.); (J.S.); (S.R.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Jae-Kyung Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea; (K.L.); (Y.-A.K.); (C.J.); (J.S.); (S.R.); (J.-H.K.)
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Oh H, Kim I. Catalyst-free assembly of a polyfunctionalized 1,2,4-triazole-fused N-heterocycle, 6-acylated pyrrolo[1,2- a][1,2,4]triazolo[5,1- c]pyrazine. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:320-336. [PMID: 38063086 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01747h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A catalyst-free synthetic route to a new 1,2,4-triazole-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine hybrid system, 6-acylpyrrolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c]pyrazine, was realized upon sequential exposure of pyrrole-2-carbonitrile-derived substrates to DMF-DMA and acyl hydrazide through which acylated pyrazine and 1,2,4-triazole rings were consecutively formed with the formation of multiple bonds (one C-C bond and three C-N bonds). This annulative functionalization approach towards N-fused polycycles enabled us to install various substituents at specific positions on the core skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ikyon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
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Park E, Park S, Lee SJ, Jeong D, Jin H, Moon H, Cha B, Kim D, Ma S, Seo W, Han SH, Lee YS, Kang S. Identification and Biological Evaluation of a Potent and Selective JAK1 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16342-16363. [PMID: 38031930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) plays a pivotal role in regulating inflammation and fibrosis via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, making it a promising target for associated diseases. In this study, we explored the modification of an N-methyl 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxylate core, leading to the identification of 4-(((2S,4S)-1-(4-trifluoromethyl)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl)amino)-N-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxamide (36b) as a highly potent and selective JAK1 inhibitor. Compound 36b exhibited an impressive IC50 value of 0.044 nM for JAK1 and demonstrated remarkable selectivity of 382-fold, 210-fold, and 1325-fold specificity over JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2, respectively. The kinase panel assays further confirmed its specificity, and cell-based experiments established its efficacy in inhibiting JAK1-STAT phosphorylation in human L-132 or SK-MES-1 cells. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that compound 36b boasts an oral bioavailability exceeding 36%. In a bleomycin-induced fibrosis mouse model, compound 36b significantly reduced STAT3 phosphorylation, resulting in improvement in body weight and reduced collagen deposition, all achieved without significant side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsun Park
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seolhee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Joo Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayeon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Heegyum Moon
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Boksik Cha
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayea Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghee Ma
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Han
- Central Research Laboratory, KOREA PHARMA Co. Ltd., Jeyakgongdan 3-gil, Hyangnam-eup, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 16630, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sil Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Soosung Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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Zhang X, Xu X, Chen J, Wang G, Li Q, Li M, Lu J. Identification of HHT-9041P1: A novel potent and selective JAK1 inhibitor in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111086. [PMID: 37883818 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic disease associated with long-term disability and premature mortality. If left untreated, it can seriously affect patients' quality of life. The JAK-STAT signal transduction process is known to affect the occurrence and development of RA, and small molecule JAK inhibitors, such as tofacitinib, have been identified as treatments for RA. However, tofacitinib is a non-selective JAK inhibitor that was found to be associated with dose-limiting tolerability and safety issues, such as anemia in phase 2 dose-ranging studies. Therefore, we developed a selective JAK1 inhibitor, HHT-9041P1, to overcome target-related adverse reactions. We used enzyme and cytokine potency assays in vitro as well as the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model in vivo to explore the efficacy and mechanism. In vitro, HHT-9041P1 was diluted (0.017 nM-1 mM) in DMSO) and mixed with JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 or TYK2 kinases for use in the respective assays for inhibitory activity and selectivity evaluation. Fresh human PBMCs were activated and incubated with 100 ng/mL cytokine IL-6 or 20 ng/mL GM-CSF for use in the investigation of the immune mechanism. In vivo, HHT-9041P1 (1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) was administered by oral gavage twice daily to CIA model Lewis rats from Day 8 to Day 29 for paw swelling and arthritis score evaluation. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed before collection of the hind ankle joint, spleen and blood for analysis of inflammation, arthritis phenotypes, inflammatory cytokine expression and Th1 cell proportions. As expected, HHT-9041P1 showed 10-fold greater selectivity for JAK1 over JAK2, and 23-fold greater selectivity over JAK3 in cellular assays. The high selectivity of HHT-9041P1 was also validated by in vivo safety studies. HHT-9041P1 demonstrated significant efficacy in a rat model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and was associated with reduced helper T Cell 1 (Th1) cell differentiation. HHT-9041P1 also exhibited excellent pharmacokinetics properties. Thus, HHT-9041P1 was identified as a candidate for clinical development with many options for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacoanalysis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Member of Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Member of Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Member of Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical, Shanghai, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Member of Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Member of Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Member of Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianzhong Lu
- Department of Pharmacoanalysis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Oh H, Kim H, Kim I. Regioselective Access to 1,2,4-Triazole-Fused N-Heterocycle, Pyrrolo[1,2- a][1,2,4]triazolo[5,1- c]pyrazine, via Double Dehydrative Cyclizations. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11748-11761. [PMID: 37526505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient and regioselective approach to a novel 1,2,4-triazole-fused N-heterocyclic scaffold, pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c]pyrazine, was established by base-promoted reaction of pyrrole-2-carbonitrile-derived substrate with acyl hydrazide where domino double ring closures comprised of enamine formation, attack on nitrile, and cyclodehydration enabled sequential construction of pyrazine and 1,2,4-triazole ring systems with formation of three C-N bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikyon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
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Cheng C, Zhu R, Liu M, Yang H, Guo F, Du Q, Wang X, Li M, Song G, Qin R, Liu S. Kunxian capsule alleviates renal damage by inhibiting the JAK1/STAT1 pathway in lupus nephritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 310:116349. [PMID: 36924861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kunxian capsule (KXC) is a new traditional Chinese medicine drug included in "The key science and technology achievements" in the Ninth Five Year Plan of China. KXC has been clinically used for more than 10 years in the treatment of lupus nephritis (LN). However, the underlying role and molecular mechanism of KXC in LN remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore the efficacy and potential mechanisms of KXC through pharmacological network, in vitro and in vivo studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pharmacological network analysis of KXC treatment in LN was performed using data acquired from the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP, https://old.tcmsp-e.com/tcmsp.php) and NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/database). HK-2 cells were chosen as an in vitro model of the tubular immune response by simulation with interferon γ (IFN-γ). MRL/lpr mice were used to explore the mechanism of KXC in vivo. Finally, the specific active molecules of KXC were further analyzed by molecular docking. RESULTS The pharmacological network analysis showed that STAT1 is a key factor in the effects of KXC. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed the therapeutic effect of KXC on LN renal function and tubular inflammation. The protective effect of KXC is mediated by STAT1 blockade, which further reduces T-cell infiltration and improves the renal microenvironment in LN. Two main components of KXC, Tripterygium hypoglaucum (H.Lév.) Hutch (Shanhaitang) and Epimedium brevicornu Maxim (Yinyanghuo) could block JAK1-STAT1 activation. Furthermore, we found 8 molecules that could bind to the ATP pocket of JAK1 with high affinities by performing docking analysis. CONCLUSIONS KXC inhibits renal damage and T-cell infiltration in LN by blocking the JAK1-STAT1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Rongrong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Mingjian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Fangfang Guo
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Qunqun Du
- Baiyunshan Chenliji Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510288, China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- Baiyunshan Chenliji Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510288, China
| | - Minmin Li
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Gaopeng Song
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Renan Qin
- Baiyunshan Chenliji Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510288, China.
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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