1
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Luo J, Li Z, He J, Li T, Wu D, Lai Y, Sun H. Efficient and scalable synthesis of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2 H)-ones by benzylic oxidation of tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives using cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN). Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4153-4156. [PMID: 38715475 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00491d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
An efficient and scalable method for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-ones through benzylic oxidation of tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives using a catalytic amount of cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN) and a stoichiometric amount of NaBrO3 as oxidants was developed. The reaction is significantly influenced by the substituent groups on the phenyl ring. While electron-withdrawing groups on the phenyl ring can lower the reactivities of the substrates, electron-donating groups on the phenyl ring can dramatically promote the oxidation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Zhilong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Jiaxin He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Tong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Daochen Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Yang Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Haiying Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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2
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Günther J, Hillig RC, Zimmermann K, Kaulfuss S, Lemos C, Nguyen D, Rehwinkel H, Habgood M, Lechner C, Neuhaus R, Ganzer U, Drewes M, Chai J, Bouché L. BAY-069, a Novel (Trifluoromethyl)pyrimidinedione-Based BCAT1/2 Inhibitor and Chemical Probe. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14366-14390. [PMID: 36261130 PMCID: PMC9661481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The branched-chain
amino acid transaminases (BCATs) are
enzymes
that catalyze the first reaction of catabolism of the essential branched-chain
amino acids to branched-chain keto acids to form glutamate. They are
known to play a key role in different cancer types. Here, we report
a new structural class of BCAT1/2 inhibitors, (trifluoromethyl)pyrimidinediones,
identified by a high-throughput screening campaign and subsequent
optimization guided by a series of X-ray crystal structures. Our potent
dual BCAT1/2 inhibitor BAY-069 displays high cellular activity and
very good selectivity. Along with a negative control (BAY-771), BAY-069
was donated as a chemical probe to the Structural Genomics Consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Günther
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer Pharma AG, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353Berlin, Germany
| | - Roman C Hillig
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer Pharma AG, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Zimmermann
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer Pharma AG, Aprather Weg 18a, 42113Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Stefan Kaulfuss
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer Pharma AG, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353Berlin, Germany
| | - Clara Lemos
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer Pharma AG, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353Berlin, Germany
| | - Duy Nguyen
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer Pharma AG, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Rehwinkel
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer Pharma AG, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthew Habgood
- Evotec (UK) Ltd., 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, OxfordshireOX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Christian Lechner
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer Pharma AG, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Neuhaus
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer Pharma AG, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353Berlin, Germany
| | - Ursula Ganzer
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer Pharma AG, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark Drewes
- Research & Development BCS, Bayer AG, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789Monheim, Germany
| | - Jijie Chai
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084Beijing, China
| | - Léa Bouché
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer Pharma AG, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353Berlin, Germany
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3
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Elavarasan S, Preety J, Abinaya R, Saravanan T, Balasunramaniam KK, Venkatramaiah N, Baskar B. Visible Light Driven Metal-Free Photoredox Catalyzed α-benzylation and α-oxygenation of N-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines: Applications to Synthesis of Natural Products. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200878. [PMID: 36073541 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Herein, visible light mediated organophoto redox catalysed simple and convenient method for the a-benzylation and a-oxygenation of tertiary amines is demonstrated. Synthesis of novel thiophenol based donor acceptor organophotoredox catalysts 4a - 4d were investigated along with commercial catalyst 4-CzIPN ( 4e ). A diverse biologically active a-benzylated tetrahydroisoquinolines and natural products such as (±)-Norlaudanosine, (±)-laudanosine and (±)-xylopinine have been synthesized under the optimized conditions in yields ranging from from 62-91%. Exploitation of synthesized a-benzylated compound using present phtoredox catalyzed conditions gave rise to dehydyrogenative benzylic oxidation product under oxygen atmosphere which is known to display biologically and structurally important properties. Also, various N-protected tertiary amines were found to be suitable for the a-oxygenation reactions using catalyst 4e and resulted in good yields (61-85%).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Elavarasan
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chemistry, INDIA
| | - J Preety
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chemistry, INDIA
| | - R Abinaya
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chemistry, INDIA
| | - T Saravanan
- University of Hyderabad, School of Chemistry, INDIA
| | | | | | - Baburaj Baskar
- SRM University, Chemistry, Kattankulathur, 603203, India, 603203, Chennai, INDIA
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4
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Nong X, Zhang C, Wang J, Ding P, Ji G, Wu T. The mechanism of branched-chain amino acid transferases in different diseases: Research progress and future prospects. Front Oncol 2022; 12:988290. [PMID: 36119495 PMCID: PMC9478667 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.988290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the enzyme catalyzes the first step of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism is branched-chain amino transferase (BCAT), which is involved in the synthesis and degradation of leucine, isoleucine and valine. There are two main subtypes of human branched chain amino transferase (hBCAT), including cytoplasmic BCAT (BCAT1) and mitochondrial BCAT (BCAT2). In recent years, the role of BCAT in tumors has attracted the attention of scientists, and there have been continuous research reports that BCAT plays a role in the tumor, Alzheimer’s disease, myeloid leukaemia and other diseases. It plays a significant role in the growth and development of diseases, and new discoveries about this gene in some diseases are made every year. BCAT usually promotes cancer proliferation and invasion by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway and activating Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction. This article reviews the role and mechanism of BCAT in different diseases, as well as the recent biomedical research progress. This review aims to make a comprehensive summary of the role and mechanism of BCAT in different diseases and to provide new research ideas for the treatment, prognosis and prevention of certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiazhen Nong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peilun Ding
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Ji, ; ; Tao Wu, ;
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Ji, ; ; Tao Wu, ;
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5
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Development of Pyrimidine- Cinnamamide Hybrids as Potential Anticancer agents: A Rational Design Approach. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Zhang T, Wang Y, Wang B, Jin W, Xia Y, Liu C, Zhang Y. Visible‐Light‐Induced Oxidation of Diazenyl‐Protected Tetrahydroisoquinolines and Isoindolines for the Synthesis of Functionalized Lactams. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources College of Chemistry Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources College of Chemistry Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources College of Chemistry Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources College of Chemistry Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P. R. China
| | - Yu Xia
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources College of Chemistry Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P. R. China
| | - Chenjiang Liu
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources College of Chemistry Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P. R. China
- College of Future Technology Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources College of Chemistry Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P. R. China
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7
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Li A, Pan B, Li YL, Ouyang Q, Mu C, Wang N. Porphyrin-Catalyzed Oxidation of N-Substituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines to Dihydroisoquinolones. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1345-3491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA visible-light-induced direct α-oxygenation of N-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives has been successfully developed. Tetraphenylporphyrinatozinc(II) has been identified as an effective and inexpensive photocatalyst for this transformation with a wide range of substrates. This protocol provides a convenient route to the desired products in moderate to good yields at room temperature under air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering
| | - Bin Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University
| | - Yu-Long Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering
| | - Qin Ouyang
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University
| | - Chao Mu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering
| | - Na Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University
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8
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Liang YF, Long ZX, Zhang YJ, Luo CY, Yan LT, Gao WY, Li H. The chemical mechanisms of the enzymes in the branched-chain amino acids biosynthetic pathway and their applications. Biochimie 2021; 184:72-87. [PMID: 33607240 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
l-Valine, l-isoleucine, and l-leucine are three key proteinogenic amino acids, and they are also the essential amino acids required for mammalian growth, possessing important and to some extent, special physiological and biological functions. Because of the branched structures in their carbon chains, they are also named as branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). This review will highlight the advance in studies of the enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of BCAAs, concentrating on their chemical mechanisms and applications in screening herbicides and antibacterial agents. The uses of some of these enzymes in lab scale organic synthesis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fei Liang
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zi-Xian Long
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ya-Jian Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Cai-Yun Luo
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Le-Tian Yan
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Wen-Yun Gao
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Heng Li
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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9
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Kumar I, Thakur A, Manisha, Sharma U. α-Oxygenation of N-aryl/alkyl heterocyclic compounds via ruthenium photocatalysis. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00200g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We herein report ruthenium(iii) photocatalyzed oxidation of N-aryl tertiary amines to the corresponding amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inder Kumar
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource and Technology, Palampur 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Ankita Thakur
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource and Technology, Palampur 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Manisha
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource and Technology, Palampur 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource and Technology, Palampur 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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10
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Xue J, Bai LG, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Lin XL, Mou NJ, Xiao DR, Luo QL. One-Pot Synthesis of 2,4-Diacyl Thiophenes from α-Oxo Ketene Dithioacetals and Propargylic Alcohols. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9761-9775. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Li-Gang Bai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiao-Long Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Neng-Jie Mou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dong-Rong Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qun-Li Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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11
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Thatikonda T, Deepake SK, Das U. α-Angelica Lactone in a New Role: Facile Access to N-Aryl Tetrahydroisoquinolinones and Isoindolinones via Organocatalytic α-CH2 Oxygenation. Org Lett 2019; 21:2532-2535. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanusha Thatikonda
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR − National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Siddharth K. Deepake
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR − National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Utpal Das
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR − National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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12
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Leveridge M, Chung CW, Gross JW, Phelps CB, Green D. Integration of Lead Discovery Tactics and the Evolution of the Lead Discovery Toolbox. SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 23:881-897. [PMID: 29874524 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218778503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There has been much debate around the success rates of various screening strategies to identify starting points for drug discovery. Although high-throughput target-based and phenotypic screening has been the focus of this debate, techniques such as fragment screening, virtual screening, and DNA-encoded library screening are also increasingly reported as a source of new chemical equity. Here, we provide examples in which integration of more than one screening approach has improved the campaign outcome and discuss how strengths and weaknesses of various methods can be used to build a complementary toolbox of approaches, giving researchers the greatest probability of successfully identifying leads. Among others, we highlight case studies for receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and the bromo- and extra-terminal domain family of bromodomains. In each example, the unique insight or chemistries individual approaches provided are described, emphasizing the synergy of information obtained from the various tactics employed and the particular question each tactic was employed to answer. We conclude with a short prospective discussing how screening strategies are evolving, what this screening toolbox might look like in the future, how to maximize success through integration of multiple tactics, and scenarios that drive selection of one combination of tactics over another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Leveridge
- 1 GlaxoSmithKline Drug Design and Selection, Platform Technology and Science, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Chun-Wa Chung
- 1 GlaxoSmithKline Drug Design and Selection, Platform Technology and Science, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Gross
- 2 GlaxoSmithKline Drug Design and Selection, Platform Technology and Science, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Christopher B Phelps
- 3 GlaxoSmithKline Drug Design and Selection, Platform Technology and Science, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Darren Green
- 1 GlaxoSmithKline Drug Design and Selection, Platform Technology and Science, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
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13
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Young RJ, Leeson PD. Mapping the Efficiency and Physicochemical Trajectories of Successful Optimizations. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6421-6467. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Young
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Paul D. Leeson
- Paul Leeson Consulting Ltd., The Malt House, Main Street, Congerstone, Nuneaton, Warwickshire CV13 6LZ, U.K
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14
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Amorim Franco TM, Blanchard JS. Bacterial Branched-Chain Amino Acid Biosynthesis: Structures, Mechanisms, and Drugability. Biochemistry 2017; 56:5849-5865. [PMID: 28977745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The eight enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of the three branched-chain amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-leucine, and l-valine) were identified decades ago using classical genetic approaches based on amino acid auxotrophy. This review will highlight the recent progress in the determination of the three-dimensional structures of these enzymes, their chemical mechanisms, and insights into their suitability as targets for the development of antibacterial agents. Given the enormous rise in bacterial drug resistance to every major class of antibacterial compound, there is a clear and present need for the identification of new antibacterial compounds with nonoverlapping targets to currently used antibacterials that target cell wall, protein, mRNA, and DNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathyana M Amorim Franco
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10805, United States
| | - John S Blanchard
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10805, United States
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15
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Johnson CN, Erlanson DA, Jahnke W, Mortenson PN, Rees DC. Fragment-to-Lead Medicinal Chemistry Publications in 2016. J Med Chem 2017; 61:1774-1784. [PMID: 29087197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The popularity of fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) is demonstrated by the number of recent successful fragment-to-lead (F2L) publications. This Miniperspective provides a tabulated summary of the F2L literature published in the year 2016, along with discussion of general trends. It uses the same format as our summary of the 2015 literature and is intended to be a resource for both FBDD practitioners and medicinal chemists in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher N Johnson
- Astex Pharmaceuticals , 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road , Cambridge CB4 0QA , United Kingdom
| | - Daniel A Erlanson
- Carmot Therapeutics Inc. , 740 Heinz Avenue , Berkeley , California 94710 , United States
| | - Wolfgang Jahnke
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Chemical Biology and Therapeutics , 4002 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Paul N Mortenson
- Astex Pharmaceuticals , 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road , Cambridge CB4 0QA , United Kingdom
| | - David C Rees
- Astex Pharmaceuticals , 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road , Cambridge CB4 0QA , United Kingdom
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16
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Amorim Franco TM, Favrot L, Vergnolle O, Blanchard JS. Mechanism-Based Inhibition of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Branched-Chain Aminotransferase by d- and l-Cycloserine. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:1235-1244. [PMID: 28272868 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The branched-chain aminotransferase is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme responsible for the final step in the biosynthesis of all three branched-chain amino acids, l-leucine, l-isoleucine, and l-valine, in bacteria. We have investigated the mechanism of inactivation of the branched-chain aminotransferase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtIlvE) by d- and l-cycloserine. d-Cycloserine is currently used only in the treatment of multidrug-drug-resistant tuberculosis. Our results show a time- and concentration-dependent inactivation of MtIlvE by both isomers, with l-cycloserine being a 40-fold better inhibitor of the enzyme. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) studies revealed that l-cycloserine is a 10-fold better inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth than d-cycloserine. In addition, we have crystallized the MtIlvE-d-cycloserine inhibited enzyme, determining the structure to 1.7 Å. The structure of the covalent d-cycloserine-PMP adduct bound to MtIlvE reveals that the d-cycloserine ring is planar and aromatic, as previously observed for other enzyme systems. Mass spectrometry reveals that both the d-cycloserine- and l-cycloserine-PMP complexes have the same mass, and are likely to be the same aromatized, isoxazole product. However, the kinetics of formation of the MtIlvE d-cycloserine-PMP and MtIlvE l-cycloserine-PMP adducts are quite different. While the kinetics of the formation of the MtIlvE d-cycloserine-PMP complex can be fit to a single exponential, the formation of the MtIlvE l-cycloserine-PMP complex occurs in two steps. We propose a chemical mechanism for the inactivation of d- and l-cycloserine which suggests a stereochemically determined structural role for the differing kinetics of inactivation. These results demonstrate that the mechanism of action of d-cycloserine's activity against M. tuberculosis may be more complicated than previously thought and that d-cycloserine may compromise the in vivo activity of multiple PLP-dependent enzymes, including MtIlvE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathyana Mar Amorim Franco
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Lorenza Favrot
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Olivia Vergnolle
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - John S. Blanchard
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
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17
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Enzymes involved in branched-chain amino acid metabolism in humans. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1005-1028. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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18
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Amorim Franco TM, Hegde S, Blanchard JS. Chemical Mechanism of the Branched-Chain Aminotransferase IlvE from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biochemistry 2016; 55:6295-6303. [PMID: 27780341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthetic pathway of the branched-chain amino acids is essential for Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth and survival. We report here the kinetic and chemical mechanism of the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent branched-chain aminotransferase, IlvE, from M. tuberculosis (MtIlvE). This enzyme is responsible for the final step of the synthesis of the branched-chain amino acids isoleucine, leucine, and valine. As seen in other aminotransferases, MtIlvE displays a ping-pong kinetic mechanism. pK values were identified from the pH dependence on V as well as V/K, indicating that the phosphate ester of the PLP cofactor, and the α-amino group from l-glutamate and the active site Lys204, play roles in acid-base catalysis and binding, respectively. An intrinsic primary kinetic isotope effect was identified for the α-C-H bond cleavage of l-glutamate. Large solvent kinetic isotope effect values for the ping and pong half-reactions were also identified. The absence of a quininoid intermediate in combination with the Dkobs in our multiple kinetic isotope effects under single-turnover conditions suggests a concerted type of mechanism. The deprotonation of C2 of l-glutamate and the protonation of C4' of the PLP cofactor happen synchronously in the ping half-reaction. A chemical mechanism is proposed on the basis of the results obtained here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathyana M Amorim Franco
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Subray Hegde
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - John S Blanchard
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
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19
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Deng H, Zhou J, Sundersingh F, Messer JA, Somers DO, Ajakane M, Arico-Muendel CC, Beljean A, Belyanskaya SL, Bingham R, Blazensky E, Boullay AB, Boursier E, Chai J, Carter P, Chung CW, Daugan A, Ding Y, Herry K, Hobbs C, Humphries E, Kollmann C, Nguyen VL, Nicodeme E, Smith SE, Dodic N, Ancellin N. Discovery and Optimization of Potent, Selective, and in Vivo Efficacious 2-Aryl Benzimidazole BCATm Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:379-84. [PMID: 27096045 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify BCATm inhibitors suitable for in vivo study, Encoded Library Technology (ELT) was used to affinity screen a 117 million member benzimidazole based DNA encoded library, which identified an inhibitor series with both biochemical and cellular activities. Subsequent SAR studies led to the discovery of a highly potent and selective compound, 1-(3-(5-bromothiophene-2-carboxamido)cyclohexyl)-N-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxamide (8b) with much improved PK properties. X-ray structure revealed that 8b binds to the active site of BACTm in a unique mode via multiple H-bond and van der Waals interactions. After oral administration, 8b raised mouse blood levels of all three branched chain amino acids as a consequence of BCATm inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfeng Deng
- Platform
of Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jingye Zhou
- Platform
of Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Flora Sundersingh
- Platform
of Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Messer
- Platform
of Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Donald O. Somers
- Medicines
Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Myriam Ajakane
- Centre
de Recherche, GlaxoSmithKline, Les Ulis, 25,27 Avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon sur Yvette, France
| | - Christopher C. Arico-Muendel
- Platform
of Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Arthur Beljean
- Medicines
Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Svetlana L. Belyanskaya
- Platform
of Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Ryan Bingham
- Medicines
Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Emily Blazensky
- Chemistry
Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Anne-Benedicte Boullay
- Centre
de Recherche, GlaxoSmithKline, Les Ulis, 25,27 Avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon sur Yvette, France
| | - Eric Boursier
- Centre
de Recherche, GlaxoSmithKline, Les Ulis, 25,27 Avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon sur Yvette, France
| | - Jing Chai
- Platform
of Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Paul Carter
- Medicines
Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Chun-Wa Chung
- Medicines
Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Alain Daugan
- Centre
de Recherche, GlaxoSmithKline, Les Ulis, 25,27 Avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon sur Yvette, France
| | - Yun Ding
- Platform
of Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Kenny Herry
- Centre
de Recherche, GlaxoSmithKline, Les Ulis, 25,27 Avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon sur Yvette, France
| | - Clare Hobbs
- Medicines
Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Eric Humphries
- Chemistry
Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Christopher Kollmann
- Platform
of Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Van Loc Nguyen
- Centre
de Recherche, GlaxoSmithKline, Les Ulis, 25,27 Avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon sur Yvette, France
| | - Edwige Nicodeme
- Centre
de Recherche, GlaxoSmithKline, Les Ulis, 25,27 Avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon sur Yvette, France
| | - Sarah E. Smith
- Medicines
Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Nerina Dodic
- Centre
de Recherche, GlaxoSmithKline, Les Ulis, 25,27 Avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon sur Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Ancellin
- Centre
de Recherche, GlaxoSmithKline, Les Ulis, 25,27 Avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon sur Yvette, France
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20
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Bertrand SM, Ancellin N, Beaufils B, Bingham RP, Borthwick JA, Boullay AB, Boursier E, Carter PS, Chung CW, Churcher I, Dodic N, Fouchet MH, Fournier C, Francis PL, Gummer LA, Herry K, Hobbs A, Hobbs CI, Homes P, Jamieson C, Nicodeme E, Pickett SD, Reid IH, Simpson GL, Sloan LA, Smith SE, Somers DO, Spitzfaden C, Suckling CJ, Valko K, Washio Y, Young RJ. The Discovery of in Vivo Active Mitochondrial Branched-Chain Aminotransferase (BCATm) Inhibitors by Hybridizing Fragment and HTS Hits. J Med Chem 2015; 58:7140-63. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M. Bertrand
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral
Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Nicolas Ancellin
- Centre de Recherche, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Les Ulis, 25, 27 Avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon sur Yvette, France
| | - Benjamin Beaufils
- Centre de Recherche, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Les Ulis, 25, 27 Avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon sur Yvette, France
| | - Ryan P. Bingham
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Jennifer A. Borthwick
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral
Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Anne-Bénédicte Boullay
- Centre de Recherche, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Les Ulis, 25, 27 Avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon sur Yvette, France
| | - Eric Boursier
- Centre de Recherche, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Les Ulis, 25, 27 Avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon sur Yvette, France
| | - Paul S. Carter
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Chun-wa Chung
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Ian Churcher
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Nerina Dodic
- Centre de Recherche, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Les Ulis, 25, 27 Avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon sur Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Fouchet
- Centre de Recherche, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Les Ulis, 25, 27 Avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon sur Yvette, France
| | - Charlène Fournier
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Peter L. Francis
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Laura A. Gummer
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Kenny Herry
- Centre de Recherche, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Les Ulis, 25, 27 Avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon sur Yvette, France
| | - Andrew Hobbs
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Clare I. Hobbs
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Paul Homes
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Craig Jamieson
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral
Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Edwige Nicodeme
- Centre de Recherche, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Les Ulis, 25, 27 Avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon sur Yvette, France
| | - Stephen D. Pickett
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Iain H. Reid
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Graham L. Simpson
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Lisa A. Sloan
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Sarah E. Smith
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Donald O’N. Somers
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Claus Spitzfaden
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Colin J. Suckling
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral
Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Klara Valko
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Yoshiaki Washio
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Robert J. Young
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
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