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Zhou Z, Zhang J, Zhou E, Ren C, Wang J, Wang Y. Small molecule NS5B RdRp non-nucleoside inhibitors for the treatment of HCV infection: A medicinal chemistry perspective. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 240:114595. [PMID: 35868125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has become a global health problem with enormous risks. Nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is a component of HCV, which can promote the formation of the viral RNA replication complex and is also an essential part of the replication complex itself. It plays a vital role in the synthesis of the positive and negative strands of HCV RNA. Therefore, the development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting NS5B RdRp is of great value for treating HCV infection-related diseases. Compared with NS5B RdRp nucleoside inhibitors, non-nucleoside inhibitors have more flexible structures, simpler mechanisms of action, and more predictable efficacy and safety of drugs in humans. Technological advances over the past decade have led to remarkable achievements in developing NS5B RdRp inhibitors. This review will summarize the non-nucleoside inhibitors targeting NS5B RdRp developed in the past decade and describe their structure optimization process and structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilan Zhou
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Enda Zhou
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Changyu Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, Tennessee, United States
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Auld N, Flood K, Kesharwani T, Cavnar PJ. A study on the cellular and cytotoxic effects of S and Se heterocycles on the myeloid leukemia cell line PLB-985. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022; 197:876-884. [PMID: 36970371 PMCID: PMC10035560 DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2022.2085272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis of several halogenated S and Se heterocycles and tests their biological activity by measuring the effects on the myeloid leukemia cell line, PLB-985 cells. We report that select compounds exhibit significant increases in mitochondria membrane potential and increased oxidative stress in PLB-985 cells. Our results contribute to the foundational knowledge of different S and Se containing compounds and their possible impacts on human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccole Auld
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, USA
| | - Krystal Flood
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, USA
| | - Tanay Kesharwani
- Department of Chemistry, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, USA
| | - Peter J. Cavnar
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, USA
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3
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Efficient synthesis of new 3-amino-4-cyanothiophene derivatives. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Tanriver G, Dagoneau D, Karadeniz U, Kolleth A, Lumbroso A, Sulzer-Mossé S, De Mesmaeker A, Catak S. Keteniminium Salts: Reactivity and Propensity toward Electrocyclization Reactions. J Org Chem 2020; 85:449-463. [PMID: 31790586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A predictive computational study was conducted in order to assess the efficiency of electrocyclization reactions of keteniminium salts, in an effort to form a variety of heterocyclic systems, namely, 3-amino(benzo)thiophenes, 3-amino(benzo)furans, 3-aminopyrroles, as well as 3-aminoindoles. A density functional theory (DFT) approach was utilized and the effect of heteroatoms (NMe, O, S) was thoroughly investigated by means of population analysis, QTAIM, NICS, ACID, and local reactivity descriptors (Parr and Fukui functions). The electrocyclization of enamines leading to 3-aminopyrroles was shown to be both kinetically and thermodynamically most favorable. Moreover, the pericyclic nature of the electrocyclizations was confirmed using FMO, QTAIM, NICS, and ACID methods. Additionally, substituent effects were investigated in order to give further insight on the reactivity of heteroatom containing keteniminium systems toward electrocyclization reactions. Finally, computational predictions were experimentally confirmed for a selection of keteniminium systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Tanriver
- Department of Chemistry , Bogazici University , Bebek, 34342 Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Dylan Dagoneau
- Crop Protection Research, Research Chemistry , Syngenta Crop Protection AG , Schaffhauserstrasse 101 , CH-4332 Stein , Switzerland
| | - Ulfet Karadeniz
- Department of Chemistry , Bogazici University , Bebek, 34342 Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Amandine Kolleth
- Crop Protection Research, Research Chemistry , Syngenta Crop Protection AG , Schaffhauserstrasse 101 , CH-4332 Stein , Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Lumbroso
- Crop Protection Research, Research Chemistry , Syngenta Crop Protection AG , Schaffhauserstrasse 101 , CH-4332 Stein , Switzerland
| | - Sarah Sulzer-Mossé
- Crop Protection Research, Research Chemistry , Syngenta Crop Protection AG , Schaffhauserstrasse 101 , CH-4332 Stein , Switzerland
| | - Alain De Mesmaeker
- Crop Protection Research, Research Chemistry , Syngenta Crop Protection AG , Schaffhauserstrasse 101 , CH-4332 Stein , Switzerland
| | - Saron Catak
- Department of Chemistry , Bogazici University , Bebek, 34342 Istanbul , Turkey
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Zhang X, Lv X, Tang S, Mei L, Li Y, Zhang J, Jiang J, Peng Z, Song D. Discovery and evolution of aloperine derivatives as a new family of HCV inhibitors with novel mechanism. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 143:1053-1065. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Current therapy for chronic hepatitis C: The role of direct-acting antivirals. Antiviral Res 2017; 142:83-122. [PMID: 28238877 PMCID: PMC7172984 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the most exciting developments in antiviral research has been the discovery of the direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) that effectively cure chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. Based on more than 100 clinical trials and real-world studies, we provide a comprehensive overview of FDA-approved therapies and newly discovered anti-HCV agents with a special focus on drug efficacy, mechanisms of action, and safety. We show that HCV drug development has advanced in multiple aspects: (i) interferon-based regimens were replaced by interferon-free regimens; (ii) genotype-specific drugs evolved to drugs for all HCV genotypes; (iii) therapies based upon multiple pills per day were simplified to a single pill per day; (iv) drug potency increased from moderate (∼60%) to high (>90%) levels of sustained virologic responses; (v) treatment durations were shortened from 48 to 12 or 8 weeks; and (vi) therapies could be administered orally regardless of prior treatment history and cirrhotic status. However, despite these remarkable achievements made in HCV drug discovery, challenges remain in the management of difficult-to-treat patients. HCV genotype-specific drugs evolve to pan-genotypic drugs. Drug potency increases from moderate (∼60%) to high (>90%) levels of sustained virologic response. Treatment durations are shortened from a 48-week to 12-week or 8-week period. HCV therapies based upon multiple pills per day are simplified to a single pill per day. HCV therapies are administered orally regardless of prior treatment history and cirrhotic status.
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Li P, Dorsch W, Lauffer DJ, Bilimoria D, Chauret N, Court JJ, Das SK, Denis F, Mani N, Nanthakumar S, Nicolas O, Rao BG, Ronkin S, Selliah S, Shawgo RS, Stearns R, Tang Q, Waal ND, Green J. Discovery of Novel Allosteric HCV NS5B Inhibitors. 2. Lactam-Containing Thiophene Carboxylates. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:251-255. [PMID: 28197321 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lomibuvir (1) is a non-nucleoside, allosteric inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase with demonstrated clinical efficacy. Further development efforts within this class of inhibitor focused on improving the antiviral activity and physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Recently, we reported the development of this series, leading to compound 2, a molecule with comparable potency and an improved physicochemical profile relative to 1. Further exploration of the amino amide-derived side chain led to a series of lactam derivatives, inspired by the X-ray crystal structure of related thiophene carboxylate inhibitors. This series, exemplified by 12f, provided 3-5-fold improvement in potency against HCV replication, as measured by replicon assays. The synthesis, structure-activity relationships, in vitro ADME characterization, and in vivo evaluation of this novel series are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Warren Dorsch
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - David J. Lauffer
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Darius Bilimoria
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Nathalie Chauret
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Canada) Incorporated, 275 Boulevard Armand Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7 V 4A7, Canada
| | - John J. Court
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Sanjoy Kumar Das
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Canada) Incorporated, 275 Boulevard Armand Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7 V 4A7, Canada
| | - Francois Denis
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Canada) Incorporated, 275 Boulevard Armand Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7 V 4A7, Canada
| | - Nagraj Mani
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Suganthini Nanthakumar
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Olivier Nicolas
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Canada) Incorporated, 275 Boulevard Armand Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7 V 4A7, Canada
| | - B. Govinda Rao
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Steven Ronkin
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Subajini Selliah
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Canada) Incorporated, 275 Boulevard Armand Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7 V 4A7, Canada
| | - Rebecca S. Shawgo
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Ralph Stearns
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Qing Tang
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Nathan D. Waal
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Jeremy Green
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
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