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Geremia N, Giovagnorio F, De Vito A, Martignago L, Fiore V, Rastrelli E, Madeddu G, Parisi SG, Starnini G, Panese S, Babudieri S. HBV in Italian Women's Jail: An Underestimated Problem? J Clin Med 2024; 13:1398. [PMID: 38592679 PMCID: PMC10932425 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little information regarding the hepatitis B virus (HBV), vaccination status, and hepatitis B exposure in Italian women's jails. We aimed to describe the HBV exposure and HBs antibody (anti-HBs) protection levels in female prisoners. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective multicentric study was performed in Italian prisons from 2021 to 2023. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for HBc antibody (anti-HBc) seropositivity and non-protective anti-HBs titer. RESULTS We included 156 patients. The median age was 41.0 (IQR 34.0-48.0). Of the studied subjects, 31 (19.9%) had anti-HBc positive titer. Two women were HBsAg positive. In the multivariate analysis, older age [OR 1.06 (CI 1.01-1.11), p = 0.011], North-Eastern European [OR 11.67 (3.29-41.30), p < 0.001] and African origin [OR 6.92 (CI 1.51-31.60), p = 0.013], and drug use [OR 6.55 (CI 1.96-21.9), p = 0.002] were risk factors for HBV exposure. Thirty-seven (32%) women had no history of HBV vaccination. Forty-four (38%) had an anti-HBs non-protective titer. In the multivariate analysis, North-Eastern European origin [OR 4.55 (CI 1.19-17.50), p = 0.027] was associated with unprotective anti-HBs titer. CONCLUSION Our results show both the low prevalence of HBV and protection in female prisoners. Age, North-Eastern European and African origin, and drug use have a role in exposure risk to HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Geremia
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Medicine, Ospedale Dell'Angelo, 30174 Venice, Italy
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Medicine, Ospedale Civile "S.S. Giovanni e Paolo", 30122 Venice, Italy
| | | | - Andrea De Vito
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- School in Biomedical Science, Biomedical Science Department, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Luca Martignago
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Vito Fiore
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Elena Rastrelli
- Medicina Protetta-Unit of Infectious Diseases, Belcolle Hospital, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giordano Madeddu
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Starnini
- Medicina Protetta-Unit of Infectious Diseases, Belcolle Hospital, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Sandro Panese
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Medicine, Ospedale Dell'Angelo, 30174 Venice, Italy
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Medicine, Ospedale Civile "S.S. Giovanni e Paolo", 30122 Venice, Italy
| | - Sergio Babudieri
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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2
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Ryabukhin SV, Bondarenko DV, Trofymchuk SA, Lega DA, Volochnyuk DM. Aza-Heterocyclic Building Blocks with In-Ring CF 2 -Fragment. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300283. [PMID: 37873869 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Modern organic chemistry is a titan supporting and reinforcing pharmaceutical, agricultural, food and material science products. Over the past decades, the organic compounds market has been evolving to meet all the research demands. In this regard, medicinal chemistry is especially dependent on available chemical space as subtle tuning of the molecule structure is required to create a drug with relevant physicochemical properties and a remarkable activity profile. The recent rapid evolution of synthetic methodology to deploy fluorine has brought fluorinated compounds to the spotlight of MedChem community. And now unique properties of fluorine still keep fascinating more and more as its justified installation into a molecular framework has a beneficial impact on membrane permeability, lipophilicity, metabolic stability, pharmacokinetic properties, conformation, pKa , etc. The backward influence of medicinal chemistry on organic synthesis has also changed the landscape of the latter towards new fluorinated topologies as well. Such complex relationships create a flexible and ever-changing ecosystem. Given that MedChem investigations strongly lean on the ability to reach suitable building blocks and the existence of reliable synthetic methods in this review we collected advances in the chemistry of respectful, but still enigmatic gem-difluorinated aza-heterocyclic building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Ryabukhin
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska str., 01033, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of the, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademik Kukhar str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - D V Bondarenko
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska str., 01033, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - S A Trofymchuk
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of the, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademik Kukhar str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - D A Lega
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- National University of Pharmacy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, 53 Pushkinska str., 61002, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - D M Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska str., 01033, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of the, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademik Kukhar str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
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3
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Detta E, Corcuera A, Urban A, Goldner T, Bonsmann S, Engel F, May MM, Buschmann H, Fianchini M, Alza E, Pericàs MA, Pushkarev PA, Varenyk AO, Yakovyuk TY, Homon AA, Sokoliuk PA, Smaliy R, Donald A. Structure-based Design of Novel Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Assembly Modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 93:129412. [PMID: 37499987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule capsid assembly modulators (CAMs) have been recently recognized as promising antiviral agents for curing chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. A target-based in silico screening study is described, aimed towards the discovery of novel HBV CAMs. Initial optimization of four weakly active screening hits was performed via focused library synthesis. Lead compound 42 and close analogues 56 and 57 exhibited in vitro potency in the sub- and micromolar range along with good physico-chemical properties and were further evaluated in molecular docking and mechanism of action studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Detta
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.475, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany; Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Angelica Corcuera
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.475, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Andreas Urban
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.475, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Thomas Goldner
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.475, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Susanne Bonsmann
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.475, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Florian Engel
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.475, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Marina M May
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.475, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Helmut Buschmann
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.475, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Mauro Fianchini
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Esther Alza
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miquel A Pericàs
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Anton A Homon
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska Street 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Radomyr Smaliy
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska Street 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alastair Donald
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.475, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
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4
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Yin J, Feng Z, Li Z, Hu J, Hu Y, Cai X, Zhou H, Wang K, Tang N, Huang A, Huang L. Synthesis and evaluation of N-sulfonylpiperidine-3-carboxamide derivatives as capsid assembly modulators inhibiting HBV in vitro and in HBV-transgenic mice. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115141. [PMID: 36709646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid assembly modulators (CAMs) have been developed as effective anti-HBV agents in the treatment of chronic HBV infection by targeting the HBV core protein and inducing the formation of aberrant or morphologically normal capsid. However, some CAMs have been observed adverse events such as ALT flares and rash. Therefore, finding new CAMs is of great importance. In this report, we synthesized N-sulfonylpiperidine-3-carboxamides (SPCs) derivatives and evaluated their anti-HBV activities. Among the SPC derivatives, compound C-49 notably suppressed HBV replication in HepAD38, HepG2-HBV1.3 and HepG2-NTCP cells. Moreover, treatment with C-49 for 12 days exhibited potent anti-HBV activity (100 mg/kg; 2.42 log reduction of serum HBV DNA) in HBV-transgenic mice without apparent hepatotoxicity. Our findings provided a new SPC derivative as HBV capsid assembly modulator for developing safe and efficient anti-HBV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Zhongqi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Breast&thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Jieli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xuefei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Luyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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5
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Medicinal chemistry strategies in the discovery and optimization of HBV core protein allosteric modulators (2018–2022 update). CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
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6
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Molecular elucidation of drug-induced abnormal assemblies of the hepatitis B virus capsid protein by solid-state NMR. Nat Commun 2023; 14:471. [PMID: 36709212 PMCID: PMC9884277 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid assembly modulators (CAMs) represent a recent class of anti-HBV antivirals. CAMs disturb proper nucleocapsid assembly, by inducing formation of either aberrant assemblies (CAM-A) or of apparently normal but genome-less empty capsids (CAM-E). Classical structural approaches have revealed the CAM binding sites on the capsid protein (Cp), but conformational information on the CAM-induced off-path aberrant assemblies is lacking. Here we show that solid-state NMR can provide such information, including for wild-type full-length Cp183, and we find that in these assemblies, the asymmetric unit comprises a single Cp molecule rather than the four quasi-equivalent conformers typical for the icosahedral T = 4 symmetry of the normal HBV capsids. Furthermore, while in contrast to truncated Cp149, full-length Cp183 assemblies appear, on the mesoscopic level, unaffected by CAM-A, NMR reveals that on the molecular level, Cp183 assemblies are equally aberrant. Finally, we use a eukaryotic cell-free system to reveal how CAMs modulate capsid-RNA interactions and capsid phosphorylation. Our results establish a structural view on assembly modulation of the HBV capsid, and they provide a rationale for recently observed differences between in-cell versus in vitro capsid assembly modulation.
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7
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Spunde K, Vigante B, Dubova UN, Sipola A, Timofejeva I, Zajakina A, Jansons J, Plotniece A, Pajuste K, Sobolev A, Muhamadejev R, Jaudzems K, Duburs G, Kozlovska T. Design and Synthesis of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Capsid Assembly Modulators and Evaluation of Their Activity in Mammalian Cell Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070773. [PMID: 35890072 PMCID: PMC9317397 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsid assembly modulators (CAMs) have emerged as a promising class of antiviral agents. We studied the effects of twenty-one newly designed and synthesized CAMs including heteroaryldihydropyrimidine compounds (HAPs), their analogs and standard compounds on hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid assembly. Cytoplasmic expression of the HBV core (HBc) gene driven by the exogenously delivered recombinant alphavirus RNA replicon was used for high level production of the full-length HBc protein in mammalian cells. HBV capsid assembly was assessed by native agarose gel immunoblot analysis, electron microscopy and inhibition of virion secretion in HepG2.2.15 HBV producing cell line. Induced fit docking simulation was applied for modelling the structural relationships of the synthesized compounds and HBc. The most efficient were the HAP class compounds—dihydropyrimidine 5-carboxylic acid n-alkoxyalkyl esters, which induced the formation of incorrectly assembled capsid products and their accumulation within the cells. HBc product accumulation in the cells was not detected with the reference HAP compound Bay 41-4109, suggesting different modes of action. A significant antiviral effect and substantially reduced toxicity were revealed for two of the synthesized compounds. Two new HAP compounds revealed a significant antiviral effect and a favorable toxicity profile that allows these compounds to be considered promising leads and drug candidates for the treatment of HBV infection. The established alphavirus based HBc expression approach allows for the specific selection of capsid assembly modulators directly in the natural cell environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Spunde
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (U.N.D.); (I.T.); (A.Z.); (J.J.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (B.V.)
| | - Brigita Vigante
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.S.); (A.P.); (K.P.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (K.J.); (G.D.)
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (B.V.)
| | - Unda Nelda Dubova
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (U.N.D.); (I.T.); (A.Z.); (J.J.); (T.K.)
| | - Anda Sipola
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.S.); (A.P.); (K.P.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (K.J.); (G.D.)
| | - Irena Timofejeva
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (U.N.D.); (I.T.); (A.Z.); (J.J.); (T.K.)
| | - Anna Zajakina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (U.N.D.); (I.T.); (A.Z.); (J.J.); (T.K.)
| | - Juris Jansons
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (U.N.D.); (I.T.); (A.Z.); (J.J.); (T.K.)
| | - Aiva Plotniece
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.S.); (A.P.); (K.P.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (K.J.); (G.D.)
| | - Karlis Pajuste
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.S.); (A.P.); (K.P.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (K.J.); (G.D.)
| | - Arkadij Sobolev
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.S.); (A.P.); (K.P.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (K.J.); (G.D.)
| | - Ruslan Muhamadejev
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.S.); (A.P.); (K.P.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (K.J.); (G.D.)
| | - Kristaps Jaudzems
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.S.); (A.P.); (K.P.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (K.J.); (G.D.)
| | - Gunars Duburs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.S.); (A.P.); (K.P.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (K.J.); (G.D.)
| | - Tatjana Kozlovska
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (U.N.D.); (I.T.); (A.Z.); (J.J.); (T.K.)
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8
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Mykhailiuk PK. Fluorine-Containing Prolines: Synthetic Strategies, Applications, and Opportunities. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6961-7005. [PMID: 35175772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated prolines play an important role in peptide studies, protein engineering, medicinal chemistry, drug discovery, and agrochemistry. Since the first synthesis of 4-fluoroprolines by Gottlieb and Witkop in 1965, their popularity started to grow exponentially. For example, during the past two decades, all isomeric trifluoromethyl-substituted prolines have been synthesized. In this Perspective, chemical properties and applications of fluorinated prolines are discussed. Synthetic approaches to all known fluorine-containing prolines are also discussed and analyzed. This analysis unexpectedly revealed an unsolved problem: in strict contrast to fluoro- and trifluoromethyl-substituted prolines, the corresponding analogues with fluoromethyl and difluoromethyl groups are mostly unknown. At the end of the paper, structures of several interesting, yet unknown, fluorinated prolines are disclosed─a good opportunity for chemists to make them.
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9
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Ma Y, Zhao S, Ren Y, Cherukupalli S, Li Q, Woodson ME, Bradley DP, Tavis JE, Liu X, Zhan P. Design, synthesis and evaluation of heteroaryldihydropyrimidine analogues bearing spiro ring as hepatitis B virus capsid protein inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113780. [PMID: 34438123 PMCID: PMC10591454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
GLS4, a potent antiviral drug candidate, has been widely studied and entered into phase II clinical trials. Nevertheless, the therapeutic application of GLS4 is limited due to poor water solubility, short half-life, and low bioavailability. In order to improve the hydrophilicity and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of GLS4, herein, we retained the dominant fragments, and used a scaffold hopping strategy to replace the easily metabolized morpholine ring of GLS4 with diverse sizes of spiro rings consisting of hydrogen bond donor and acceptor substituents. Potent in vitroanti-HBV activity and low cytotoxicity were observed for compound 4r (EC50 = 0.20 ± 0.00 μM, CC50 > 87.03 μM), which was more potent than the positive control lamivudine (EC50 = 0.37 ± 0.04 μM, CC50 > 100.00 μM) in this assay and was about a quarter as effective as GLS4 (EC50 = 0.045 ± 0.01 μM, CC50 > 99.20 μM). Preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis and molecular docking studies were carried out to explore potential interactions and binding mode between compounds and target protein. In terms of the physicochemical properties, 4r was predicted to be consistent with the rule-of-five, which means 4r may have favourable absorption and permeation. Finally, ADMET and PK characteristics of 4r and GLS4 were predicted to be comparable in most aspects, implying that the two compounds may have similar profiles in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shujie Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yujie Ren
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Srinivasulu Cherukupalli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qilan Li
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Molly E Woodson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Daniel P Bradley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - John E Tavis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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10
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Wang C, Zhai N, Zhao Y, Wu F, Luo X, Ju X, Liu G, Liu H. Exploration of Novel Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Assembly Modulators by Integrated Molecular Simulations. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430205 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Na Zhai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430205 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Yilan Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430205 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Fengshou Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430205 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430205 Hubei P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University No.100 Science Avenue Zhengzhou 450001 Henan P. R. China
| | - Xiulian Ju
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430205 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Genyan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430205 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hematology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060 Hubei P. R. China
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11
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Mani N, Cole AG, Phelps JR, Ardzinski A, Burns R, Chiu T, Cuconati A, Dorsey BD, Evangelista E, Fan K, Guo F, Harasym TO, Kadhim S, Kowalski R, Kultgen SG, Lee ACH, Li AH, Majeski SA, Miller A, Pasetka C, Reid SP, Rijnbrand R, Micolochick Steuer HM, Stever K, Tang S, Teng X, Wang X, Sofia MJ. Preclinical characterization of AB-506, an inhibitor of HBV replication targeting the viral core protein. Antiviral Res 2021; 197:105211. [PMID: 34826506 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AB-506, a small-molecule inhibitor targeting the HBV core protein, inhibits viral replication in vitro (HepAD38 cells: EC50 of 0.077 μM, CC50 > 25 μM) and in vivo (HBV mouse model: ∼3.0 log10 reductions in serum HBV DNA compared to the vehicle control). Binding of AB-506 to HBV core protein accelerates capsid assembly and inhibits HBV pgRNA encapsidation. Furthermore, AB-506 blocks cccDNA establishment in HBV-infected HepG2-hNTCP-C4 cells and primary human hepatocytes, leading to inhibition of viral RNA, HBsAg, and HBeAg production (EC50 from 0.64 μM to 1.92 μM). AB-506 demonstrated activity across HBV genotypes A-H and maintains antiviral activity against nucleos(t)ide analog-resistant variants in vitro. Evaluation of AB-506 against a panel of core variants showed that T33N/Q substitutions results in >200-fold increase in EC50 values, while L30F, L37Q, and I105T substitutions showed an 8 to 20-fold increase in EC50 values in comparison to the wild-type. In vitro combinations of AB-506 with NAs or an RNAi agent were additive to moderately synergistic. AB-506 exhibits good oral bioavailability, systemic exposure, and higher liver to plasma ratios in rodents, a pharmacokinetic profile supporting clinical development for chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagraj Mani
- Arbutus Biopharma Inc., 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, PA, 18974, USA.
| | - Andrew G Cole
- Arbutus Biopharma Inc., 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, PA, 18974, USA
| | - Janet R Phelps
- Arbutus Biopharma Inc., 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, PA, 18974, USA
| | - Andrzej Ardzinski
- Arbutus Biopharma Inc., 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, PA, 18974, USA
| | - Robbin Burns
- Arbutus Biopharma Inc., 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, PA, 18974, USA
| | - Tim Chiu
- Arbutus Biopharma Inc., 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, PA, 18974, USA
| | - Andrea Cuconati
- Arbutus Biopharma Inc., 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, PA, 18974, USA
| | - Bruce D Dorsey
- Arbutus Biopharma Inc., 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, PA, 18974, USA
| | - Ellen Evangelista
- Arbutus Biopharma Inc., 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, PA, 18974, USA
| | - Kristi Fan
- Arbutus Biopharma Inc., 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, PA, 18974, USA
| | - Fang Guo
- Arbutus Biopharma Inc., 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, PA, 18974, USA
| | - Troy O Harasym
- Arbutus Biopharma Inc., 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, PA, 18974, USA
| | - Salam Kadhim
- Arbutus Biopharma Inc., 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, PA, 18974, USA
| | - Roseann Kowalski
- Arbutus Biopharma Inc., 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, PA, 18974, USA
| | - Steven G Kultgen
- Arbutus Biopharma Inc., 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, PA, 18974, USA
| | - Amy C H Lee
- Arbutus Biopharma Inc., 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, PA, 18974, USA
| | - Alice H Li
- Arbutus Biopharma Inc., 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, PA, 18974, USA
| | - Sara A Majeski
- Arbutus Biopharma Inc., 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, PA, 18974, USA
| | - Angela Miller
- Arbutus Biopharma Inc., 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, PA, 18974, USA
| | - Chris Pasetka
- Arbutus Biopharma Inc., 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, PA, 18974, USA
| | - Stephen P Reid
- Arbutus Biopharma Inc., 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, PA, 18974, USA
| | - Rene Rijnbrand
- Arbutus Biopharma Inc., 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, PA, 18974, USA
| | | | - Kim Stever
- Arbutus Biopharma Inc., 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, PA, 18974, USA
| | - Sunny Tang
- Arbutus Biopharma Inc., 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, PA, 18974, USA
| | - Xiaowei Teng
- Arbutus Biopharma Inc., 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, PA, 18974, USA
| | - Xiaohe Wang
- Arbutus Biopharma Inc., 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, PA, 18974, USA
| | - Michael J Sofia
- Arbutus Biopharma Inc., 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, PA, 18974, USA
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12
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Structural and Functional Characterizations of Cancer Targeting Nanoparticles Based on Hepatitis B Virus Capsid. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179140. [PMID: 34502049 PMCID: PMC8430771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer targeting nanoparticles have been extensively studied, but stable and applicable agents have yet to be developed. Here, we report stable nanoparticles based on hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) for cancer therapy. HBcAg monomers assemble into spherical capsids of 180 or 240 subunits. HBcAg was engineered to present an affibody for binding to human epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (EGFR) and to present histidine and tyrosine tags for binding to gold ions. The HBcAg engineered to present affibody and tags (HAF) bound specifically to EGFR and exterminated the EGFR-overexpressing adenocarcinomas under alternating magnetic field (AMF) after binding with gold ions. Using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we obtained the molecular structures of recombinant HAF and found that the overall structure of HAF was the same as that of HBcAg, except with the affibody on the spike. Therefore, HAF is viable for cancer therapy with the advantage of maintaining a stable capsid form. If the affibody in HAF is replaced with a specific sequence to bind to another targetable disease protein, the nanoparticles can be used for drug development over a wide spectrum.
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13
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Liu J, Wang Y, Wu R, Sheng R, Hou T. Discovery of novel HBV capsid assembly modulators by structure-based virtual screening and bioassays. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 36:116096. [PMID: 33721800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
HBV capsid assembly has been regarded as an attractive potential target for anti-HBV therapy. In this study, we discovery the Novel HBV capsid assembly modulators (CAMs) through structure-based virtual screening and bioassays. A total of 16 structurally diverse compounds were purchased and assayed, including three compounds with inhibition rate > 50% at 20 μM. Further lead optimization based on the most potent compound II-1-7 (EC50 = 5.6 ± 0.1 µM) were performed by using substructure searching strategy, resulting in compound II-2-9 with an EC50 value of 1.8 ± 0.6 μM. In bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay, compound II-2-9 inhibited the HBV by disrupting the HBV capsid interactions. In summary, this study provides a highly efficient way to discover novel CAMs, and 2-aryl-4-quinolyl amide derivatives could serve as the starting point for development of novel anti-HBV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Yunwen Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Rui Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Rong Sheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| | - Tingjun Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
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14
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Synthesis and evaluation of new phenyl acrylamide derivatives as potent non-nucleoside anti-HBV agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 29:115892. [PMID: 33285406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As a continuation of our previous work, a series of new phenyl acrylamide derivatives (4Aa-g, 4Ba-t, 5 and 6a-c) were designed and synthesized as non-nucleoside anti-HBV agents. Among them, compound 4Bs could potently inhibit HBV DNA replication in wild-type and lamivudine (3TC)/entecavir resistant HBV mutant strains with IC50 values of 0.19 and 0.18 μM, respectively. Notably, the selective index value of 4Bs was above 526, indicating the favorable safety profile. Interestingly, unlike nucleoside analogue 3TC, 4Bs could significantly inhibit 3.5 kb pgRNA expression. Molecular docking study revealed that 4Bs could fit well into the dimer-dimer interface of HBV core protein by hydrophobic, π-π and H-bond interactions. Considering the potent anti-HBV activity, low toxicity and diverse anti-HBV mechanism from that of nucleoside anti-HBV agent 3TC, compound 4Bs might be a promising lead to develop novel non-nucleoside anti-HBV therapeutic agents, and warranted further investigation.
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15
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Verbinnen T, Hodari M, Talloen W, Berke JM, Blue D, Yogaratnam J, Vandenbossche J, Shukla U, De Meyer S, Lenz O. Virology analysis of chronic hepatitis B virus-infected patients treated for 28 days with JNJ-56136379 monotherapy. J Viral Hepat 2020; 27:1127-1137. [PMID: 32579776 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Four weeks of once-daily oral JNJ-56136379 (JNJ-6379; 25, 75, 150 or 250 mg), a class-N capsid assembly modulator (CAM-N), was well tolerated with potent antiviral activity in treatment-naïve, chronic hepatitis B e antigen-positive and hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients (NCT02662712). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome sequence analysis, using HBV DNA next-generation sequence technology, was performed, and impact of substitutions on efficacy was assessed. Analyses focused on HBV core protein amino acid positions associated with JNJ-6379 and/or other CAMs in vitro resistance, and those within the CAM-binding pocket. 31/57 patients had ≥ 1 polymorphism at any of the core amino acid positions of interest, most frequently at positions 38 (32%), 105 (23%) and 109 (14%). None of these polymorphisms are known to reduce JNJ-6379 in vitro activity (fold change [FC] in 50% effective concentration <3.0). Two JNJ-6379-treated patients carried a Y118F baseline core polymorphism known to reduce JNJ-6379 activity in vitro (FC = 6.6) and had HBV DNA declines of 2.77 (75 mg) and 2.19 log10 IU/mL (150 mg) at the end of treatment. One 75 mg JNJ-6379-treated patient had an emerging T109S substitution (FC = 1.8; HBV DNA decline 3.18 log10 IU/mL). A 25 mg JNJ-6379-treated patient had on-treatment enrichment of Y118F variant (HBV DNA decline 2.13 log10 IU/mL). In conclusion, baseline polymorphisms and enrichment of substitutions reducing JNJ-6379 in vitro activity were rare, with no consistent impact on virological response during a 4-week phase 1b study. Emergence of resistance to longer treatments of JNJ-6379 will be evaluated in phase 2 studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David Blue
- Janssen Biopharma Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Umesh Shukla
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals Research & Development, Titusville, FL, USA
| | | | - Oliver Lenz
- Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
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16
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Viswanathan U, Mani N, Hu Z, Ban H, Du Y, Hu J, Chang J, Guo JT. Targeting the multifunctional HBV core protein as a potential cure for chronic hepatitis B. Antiviral Res 2020; 182:104917. [PMID: 32818519 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The core (capsid) protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the building block of nucleocapsids where viral DNA reverse transcriptional replication takes place and mediates virus-host cell interaction important for the persistence of HBV infection. The pleiotropic role of core protein (Cp) in HBV replication makes it an attractive target for antiviral therapies of chronic hepatitis B, a disease that affects more than 257 million people worldwide without a cure. Recent clinical studies indicate that core protein allosteric modulators (CpAMs) have a great promise as a key component of hepatitis B curative therapies. Particularly, it has been demonstrated that modulation of Cp dimer-dimer interactions by several chemical series of CpAMs not only inhibit nucleocapsid assembly and viral DNA replication, but also induce the disassembly of double-stranded DNA-containing nucleocapsids to prevent the synthesis of cccDNA. Moreover, the different chemotypes of CpAMs modulate Cp assembly by interaction with distinct amino acid residues at the HAP pocket between Cp dimer-dimer interfaces, which results in the assembly of Cp dimers into either non-capsid Cp polymers (type I CpAMs) or empty capsids with distinct physical property (type II CpAMs). The different CpAMs also differentially modulate Cp metabolism and subcellular distribution, which may impact cccDNA metabolism and host antiviral immune responses, the critical factors for the cure of chronic HBV infection. This review article highlights the recent research progress on the structure and function of core protein in HBV replication cycle, the mode of action of CpAMs, as well as the current status and perspectives on the discovery and development of core protein-targeting antivirals. This article forms part of a symposium in Antiviral Research on "Wide-ranging immune and direct-acting antiviral approaches to curing HBV and HDV infections."
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Viswanathan
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Nagraj Mani
- Arbutus Biopharma Inc., 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, PA, 18974, USA
| | - Zhanying Hu
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Haiqun Ban
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Yanming Du
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Jin Hu
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Jinhong Chang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Ju-Tao Guo
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA.
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17
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Schlicksup CJ, Zlotnick A. Viral structural proteins as targets for antivirals. Curr Opin Virol 2020; 45:43-50. [PMID: 32777753 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Viral structural proteins are emerging as effective targets for new antivirals. In a viral lifecycle, the capsid must assemble, disassemble, and respond to host proteins, all at the right time and place. These reactions work within a narrow range of conditions, making them susceptible to small molecule interference. In at least three specific viruses, this approach has had met with preliminary success. In rhinovirus and poliovirus, compounds like pleconaril bind capsid and block RNA release. Bevirimat binds to Gag protein in HIV, inhibiting maturation. In Hepatitis B virus, core protein allosteric modulators (CpAMs) promote spontaneous assembly of capsid protein leading to empty and aberrant particles. Despite the biological diversity between viruses and the chemical diversity between antiviral molecules, we observe common features in these antivirals' mechanisms of action. These approaches work by stabilizing protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher John Schlicksup
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Indiana University-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47401, United States
| | - Adam Zlotnick
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Indiana University-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47401, United States.
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18
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Zoulim F, Lenz O, Vandenbossche JJ, Talloen W, Verbinnen T, Moscalu I, Streinu-Cercel A, Bourgeois S, Buti M, Crespo J, Manuel Pascasio J, Sarrazin C, Vanwolleghem T, Shukla U, Fry J, Yogaratnam JZ. JNJ-56136379, an HBV Capsid Assembly Modulator, Is Well-Tolerated and Has Antiviral Activity in a Phase 1 Study of Patients With Chronic Infection. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:521-533.e9. [PMID: 32343960 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS JNJ-56136379 (JNJ-6379), a capsid assembly modulator that blocks hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, was well tolerated and demonstrated dose-proportional pharmacokinetics in healthy participants in part 1 of its first clinical trial. In part 2, we have evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity of multiple doses of JNJ-6379 in patients with chronic HBV infection. METHODS We performed a double-blind study of 57 treatment-naïve patients with HB e antigen-positive or -negative (74%) chronic HBV infection without cirrhosis. Patients were randomly assigned to groups given JNJ-6379 at 25 mg (100 mg loading dose), 75 mg, 150 mg, or 250 mg or placebo daily for 4 weeks with an 8-week follow-up period. RESULTS Twenty-three (56%) of 41 patients given JNJ-6379 had at least 1 adverse event (AE) during treatment, compared with 10 (63%) of 16 patients given placebo. No serious AEs were reported during the treatment period. Three patients (7%) given JNJ-6379 vs none given placebo had grade 3 AEs; of these, 1 patient (150 mg) also had an isolated grade 4 increase in the level of alanine aminotransferase that led to treatment discontinuation. JNJ-6379 exposure increased with dose, with time-linear pharmacokinetics. HBV-DNA and HBV-RNA decreased from baseline in patients receiving all doses of JNJ-6379, independently of viral genotype and HB e antigen status. On day 29, 13 (32%) of 41 patients had levels of HBV DNA below the lower limit of quantification. No clinically significant changes in levels of HB surface antigen were observed. CONCLUSIONS In a phase 1 study of treatment-naïve patients with chronic HBV infection, all doses tested of JNJ-6379 were well tolerated, showed dose-dependent pharmacokinetics, and had potent antiviral activity in patients with CHB. The findings support a phase 2a study to evaluate JNJ-6379 ± nucleos(t)ide analogs in patients with chronic HBV infection, which is under way. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02662712.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Zoulim
- Hepatology Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Lyon University, Lyon, France; INSERM U1052-Cancer Research Institute of Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | | | | | | | | | - Iurie Moscalu
- Spitalul Clinic Republican, ARENSIA EM, Chișinău, Moldova
| | - Adrian Streinu-Cercel
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Prof. Dr Matei Bals", Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Maria Buti
- Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón and CIBERHED del Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL Santander, Spain
| | | | | | - Thomas Vanwolleghem
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Umesh Shukla
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals R&D, Titusville, New Jersey.
| | - John Fry
- Janssen Biopharma Inc., South San Francisco, California
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19
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Chen W, Liu F, Zhao Q, Ma X, Lu D, Li H, Zeng Y, Tong X, Zeng L, Liu J, Yang L, Zuo J, Hu Y. Discovery of Phthalazinone Derivatives as Novel Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2020; 63:8134-8145. [PMID: 32692159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
HBV capsid assembly has been viewed as an attractive target for new antiviral therapies against HBV. On the basis of a lead compound 4r, we further investigated this target to identify novel active compounds with appropriate anti-HBV potencies and improved pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. Structure-activity relationship studies based on metabolic pathways of 4r led to the identification of a phthalazinone derivative 19f with appropriate anti-HBV potencies (IC50 = 0.014 ± 0.004 μM in vitro), which demonstrated high oral bioavailability and liver exposure. In the AAV-HBV/mouse model, administration of 19f resulted in a 2.67 log reduction of the HBV DNA viral load during a 4-week treatment with 150 mg/kg dosing twice daily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinna Ma
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Heng Li
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanping Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiankun Tong
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Limin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianping Zuo
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Youhong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
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20
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Verbinnen T, Tan Y, Wang G, Dehertogh P, Vergauwen K, Neefs JM, Jacoby E, Lenz O, Berke JM. Anti-HBV activity of the HBV capsid assembly modulator JNJ-56136379 across full-length genotype A–H clinical isolates and core site-directed mutants in vitro. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 75:2526-2534. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To characterize antiviral activity of the capsid assembly modulator (CAM-N) JNJ-56136379 against HBV genotypes and variants carrying amino acid substitutions in the core protein.
Methods
Anti-HBV activity of JNJ-56136379 was investigated against a diverse panel of 53 HBV clinical isolates (genotypes A–H). The impact of core amino acid substitutions using site-directed mutants (SDMs) was assessed in a transient replication assay.
Results
JNJ-56136379 median 50% effective concentration (EC50) values across all genotypes were 10–33 nM versus 17 nM (genotype D reference). JNJ-56136379 remained active against isolates carrying nucleos(t)ide analogue resistance mutations (median EC50 2–25 nM) or basal core promoter (BCP) ± precore (PC) mutations (median EC50 13–20 nM) or PC mutations (median EC50 11 nM), representing activity against isolates from HBeAg-positive and -negative hepatitis B patients. Core amino acid substitutions in the CAM-binding pocket, when tested as SDMs at positions 23, 25, 30, 33, 37, 106, 110, 118, 124, 127 and 128, reduced JNJ-56136379 anti-HBV activity; EC50 fold increases ranged from 3.0 (S106T) to 85 (T33N). All substitutions were rare in a public database of >7600 HBV core sequences (frequencies 0.01%–0.3%). Nucleos(t)ide analogues retained full activity against these core SDMs.
Conclusions
JNJ-56136379, a potent HBV CAM-N, currently in Phase 2 clinical development, was generally fully active against an extensive panel of genotype A–H clinical isolates, regardless of the presence of nucleos(t)ide analogue resistance or BCP/PC mutations. JNJ-56136379 activity was reduced by some core amino acid substitutions in the CAM-binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Verbinnen
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ying Tan
- Janssen China Research & Development Center, 5F North Building #1 Jinchuang Mansion, 4560 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Gengyan Wang
- Janssen China Research & Development Center, 5F North Building #1 Jinchuang Mansion, 4560 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Pascale Dehertogh
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Karen Vergauwen
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marc Neefs
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Edgar Jacoby
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Oliver Lenz
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jan Martin Berke
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
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Yu J, Jia H, Guo X, Desta S, Zhang S, Zhang J, Ding X, Liang X, Liu X, Zhan P. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel heteroaryldihydropyrimidine derivatives as non‐nucleoside hepatitis B virus inhibitors by exploring the solvent‐exposed region. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 95:567-583. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Haiyong Jia
- School of Pharmacy Weifang Medical University Weifang China
| | - Xiaowei Guo
- Department of Immunology Key Laboratory for Experimental, Teratology of Ministry of Education Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan China
| | - Samuel Desta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Xiao Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- Department of Immunology Key Laboratory for Experimental, Teratology of Ministry of Education Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan China
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22
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Design, synthesis and anti-HBV activity of NVR3-778 derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2020; 94:103363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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23
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Wang S, Fogeron ML, Schledorn M, Dujardin M, Penzel S, Burdette D, Berke JM, Nassal M, Lecoq L, Meier BH, Böckmann A. Combining Cell-Free Protein Synthesis and NMR Into a Tool to Study Capsid Assembly Modulation. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:67. [PMID: 31440516 PMCID: PMC6694763 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of capsid assembly by small molecules has become a central concept in the fight against viral infection. Proper capsid assembly is crucial to form the high molecular weight structures that protect the viral genome and that, often in concert with the envelope, allow for cell entry and fusion. Atomic details underlying assembly modulation are generally studied using preassembled protein complexes, while the activity of assembly modulators during assembly remains largely open and poorly understood, as necessary tools are lacking. We here use the full-length hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid protein (Cp183) as a model to present a combination of cell-free protein synthesis and solid-state NMR as an approach which shall open the possibility to produce and analyze the formation of higher-order complexes directly on exit from the ribosome. We demonstrate that assembled capsids can be synthesized in amounts sufficient for structural studies, and show that addition of assembly modulators to the cell-free reaction produces objects similar to those obtained by addition of the compounds to preformed Cp183 capsids. These results establish the cell-free system as a tool for the study of capsid assembly modulation directly after synthesis by the ribosome, and they open the perspective of assessing the impact of natural or synthetic compounds, or even enzymes that perform post-translational modifications, on capsids structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishan Wang
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, MMSB, Labex Ecofect, UMR 5086 CNRS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Laure Fogeron
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, MMSB, Labex Ecofect, UMR 5086 CNRS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Marie Dujardin
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, MMSB, Labex Ecofect, UMR 5086 CNRS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Michael Nassal
- Internal Medicine II/Molecular Biology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lauriane Lecoq
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, MMSB, Labex Ecofect, UMR 5086 CNRS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Beat H Meier
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anja Böckmann
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, MMSB, Labex Ecofect, UMR 5086 CNRS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Ciclopirox inhibits Hepatitis B Virus secretion by blocking capsid assembly. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2184. [PMID: 31097716 PMCID: PMC6522524 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can cause cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and is therefore a serious public health problem. Infected patients are currently treated with nucleoside/nucleotide analogs and interferon α, but this approach is not curative. Here, we screen 978 FDA-approved compounds for their ability to inhibit HBV replication in HBV-expressing HepG2.2.15 cells. We find that ciclopirox, a synthetic antifungal agent, strongly inhibits HBV replication in cells and in mice by blocking HBV capsid assembly. The crystal structure of the HBV core protein and ciclopirox complex reveals a unique binding mode at dimer-dimer interfaces. Ciclopirox synergizes with nucleoside/nucleotide analogs to prevent HBV replication in cells and in a humanized liver mouse model. Therefore, orally-administered ciclopirox may provide a novel opportunity to combat chronic HBV infection by blocking HBV capsid assembly.
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Huber AD, Pineda DL, Liu D, Boschert KN, Gres AT, Wolf JJ, Coonrod EM, Tang J, Laughlin TG, Yang Q, Puray-Chavez MN, Ji J, Singh K, Kirby KA, Wang Z, Sarafianos SG. Novel Hepatitis B Virus Capsid-Targeting Antiviral That Aggregates Core Particles and Inhibits Nuclear Entry of Viral Cores. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:750-758. [PMID: 30582687 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An estimated 240 million are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), which can lead to liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, HBV treatment options include only nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and the immunomodulatory agent interferon alpha, and these treatments are generally not curative. New treatments with novel mechanisms of action, therefore, are highly desired for HBV therapy. The viral core protein (Cp) has gained attention as a possible therapeutic target because of its vital roles in the HBV life cycle. Several classes of capsid assembly effectors (CAEs) have been described in detail, and these compounds all increase capsid assembly rate but inhibit HBV replication by different mechanisms. In this study, we have developed a thermal shift-based screening method for CAE discovery and characterization, filling a much-needed gap in high-throughput screening methods for capsid-targeting molecules. Using this approach followed by cell-based screening, we identified the compound HF9C6 as a CAE with low micromolar potency against HBV replication. HF9C6 caused large multicapsid aggregates when capsids were assembled in vitro and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Interestingly, when HBV-expressing cells were treated with HF9C6, Cp was excluded from cell nuclei, suggesting that this compound may inhibit nuclear entry of Cp and capsids. Furthermore, mutational scanning of Cp suggested that HF9C6 binds the known CAE binding pocket, indicating that key Cp-compound interactions within this pocket have a role in determining the CAE mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Huber
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 E. Rollins St., Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Dallas L. Pineda
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 E. Rollins St., Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, 117 Schweitzer Hall, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Dandan Liu
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 E. Rollins St., Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, M616 Medical Sciences Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Kelsey N. Boschert
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 E. Rollins St., Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, 204 Gwynn Hall, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Anna T. Gres
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 E. Rollins St., Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Jennifer J. Wolf
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 E. Rollins St., Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, M616 Medical Sciences Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Emily M. Coonrod
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 E. Rollins St., Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, 105 Tucker Hall, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Jing Tang
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, 312 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Thomas G. Laughlin
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 E. Rollins St., Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, 117 Schweitzer Hall, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Qiongying Yang
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 E. Rollins St., Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, M616 Medical Sciences Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Maritza N. Puray-Chavez
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 E. Rollins St., Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, M616 Medical Sciences Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Juan Ji
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 E. Rollins St., Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, M616 Medical Sciences Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Kamalendra Singh
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 E. Rollins St., Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, M616 Medical Sciences Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Karen A. Kirby
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 E. Rollins St., Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, M616 Medical Sciences Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Zhengqiang Wang
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, 312 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Stefan G. Sarafianos
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 E. Rollins St., Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, 117 Schweitzer Hall, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, M616 Medical Sciences Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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Zhang X, Cheng J, Ma J, Hu Z, Wu S, Hwang N, Kulp J, Du Y, Guo JT, Chang J. Discovery of Novel Hepatitis B Virus Nucleocapsid Assembly Inhibitors. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:759-768. [PMID: 30525438 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein is a small protein with 183 amino acid residues and assembles the pregenomic (pg) RNA and viral DNA polymerase to form nucleocapsids. During the last decades, several groups have reported HBV core protein allosteric modulators (CpAMs) with distinct chemical structures. CpAMs bind to the hydrophobic HAP pocket located at the dimer-dimer interface and induce allosteric conformational changes in the core protein subunits. While Type I CpAMs, heteroaryldihydropyrimidine (HAP) derivatives, misdirect core protein dimers to assemble noncapsid polymers, Type II CpAMs, represented by sulfamoylbenzamides, phenylpropenamides, and several other chemotypes, induce the assembly of empty capsids with global structural alterations and faster mobility in native agarose gel electrophoresis. Through high throughput screening of an Asinex small molecule library containing 19 920 compounds, we identified 8 structurally distinct CpAMs. While 7 of those compounds are typical Type II CpAMs, a novel benzamide derivative, designated as BA-53038B, induced the formation of morphologically "normal" empty capsids with slow electrophoresis mobility. Drug resistant profile analyses indicated that BA-53038B most likely bound to the HAP pocket but obviously modulated HBV capsid assembly in a distinct manner. BA-53038B and other CpAMs reported herein provide novel structure scaffolds for the development of core protein-targeted antiviral agents for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexiang Zhang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Eastern Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Junjun Cheng
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Eastern Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Julia Ma
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Eastern Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Zhanying Hu
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Eastern Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Shuo Wu
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Eastern Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Nicky Hwang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Eastern Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - John Kulp
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Eastern Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Yanming Du
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Eastern Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Ju-Tao Guo
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Eastern Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Jinhong Chang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Eastern Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
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27
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Yang L, Liu F, Tong X, Hoffmann D, Zuo J, Lu M. Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection Using Small Molecule Modulators of Nucleocapsid Assembly: Recent Advances and Perspectives. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:713-724. [PMID: 30896149 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of the recent advance of basic research on molecular biology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, novel antiviral drugs targeting various steps of the HBV life cycle have been developed in recent years. HBV nucleocapsid assembly is now recognized as a hot target for anti-HBV drug development. Structural and functional analysis of HBV nucleocapsid allowed rational design and improvement of small molecules with the ability to interact with the components of HBV nucleocapsid and modulate the viral nucleocapsid assembly process. Prototypes of small molecule modulators targeting HBV nucleocapsid assembly are being preclinically tested or have moved forward in clinical trials, with promising results. This Review summarizes the recent advances in the approach to develop antiviral drugs based on the modulation of HBV nucleocapsid assembly. The antiviral mechanisms of small molecule modulators beyond the capsid formation and the potential implications will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech
Park, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech
Park, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiankun Tong
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech
Park, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Daniel Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Duisburg Essen, Universitätsstraße 1, Essen 45117, Germany
| | - Jianping Zuo
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech
Park, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen 45122, Germany
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Qiu J, Chen W, Zhang Y, Zhou Q, Chen J, Yang L, Gao J, Gu X, Tang D. Assessment of quinazolinone derivatives as novel non-nucleoside hepatitis B virus inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 176:41-49. [PMID: 31091479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide public health issue. Search for novel non-nucleoside anti-HBV agents is of great importance. In the present study, a series of quinazolinones derivatives (4a-t and 5a-f) were synthesized and evaluated as novel anti-HBV agents. Among them, compounds 5e and 5f could significantly inhibit HBV DNA replication with IC50 values of 1.54 μM and 0.71 μM, respectively. Interestingly, the selective index values of 5f was higher than that of lead compound K284-1405, suggesting 5f possessed relatively safety profile than K284-1405. Notably, 5e and 5f exhibited remarkably anti-HBV activities against lamivudine and entecavir resistant HBV strain with IC50 values of 1.90 and 0.84 μM, confirming their effectiveness against resistant HBV strain. In addition, molecular docking studies indicated that compounds 5e and 5f could well fit into the dimer-dimer interface of HBV core protein dominated by hydrophobic interactions. Notably, their binding modes were different from the lead compound K284-1405, which may be attributed to the additional substituent groups in the quinazolinone scaffold. Taken together, 5e and 5f possessed novel chemical structure and potent anti-HBV activity against both drug sensitive and resistant HBV strains, thus warranting further research as potential non-nucleoside anti-HBV candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinpeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoke Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daoquan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Molecular mechanisms of tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidines as HBV capsid assembly inhibitors. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 663:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Pan T, Ding Y, Wu L, Liang L, He X, Li Q, Bai C, Zhang H. Design and synthesis of aminothiazole based Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) capsid inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 166:480-501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Tang J, Huber AD, Pineda DL, Boschert KN, Wolf JJ, Kankanala J, Xie J, Sarafianos SG, Wang Z. 5-Aminothiophene-2,4-dicarboxamide analogues as hepatitis B virus capsid assembly effectors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 164:179-192. [PMID: 30594676 PMCID: PMC6362850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection represents a major health threat. Current FDA-approved drugs do not cure HBV. Targeting HBV core protein (Cp) provides an attractive approach toward HBV inhibition and possibly infection cure. We have previously identified and characterized a 5-amino-3-methylthiophene-2,4-dicarboxamide (ATDC) compound as a structurally novel hit for capsid assembly effectors (CAEs). We report herein hit validation through studies on absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) properties and pharmacokinetics (PK), and hit optimization via analogue synthesis aiming to probe the structure-activity relationship (SAR) and structure-property relationship (SPR). In the end, these medicinal chemistry efforts led to the identification of multiple analogues strongly binding to Cp, potently inhibiting HBV replication in nanomolar range without cytotoxicity, and exhibiting good oral bioavailability (F). Two of our analogues, 19o (EC50 = 0.11 μM, CC50 > 100 μM, F = 25%) and 19k (EC50 = 0.31 μM, CC50 > 100 μM, F = 46%), displayed overall lead profiles superior to reported CAEs 7-10 used in our studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Andrew D Huber
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Dallas L Pineda
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Kelsey N Boschert
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jennifer J Wolf
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jayakanth Kankanala
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jiashu Xie
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Stefan G Sarafianos
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Zhengqiang Wang
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Preclinical Characterization of NVR 3-778, a First-in-Class Capsid Assembly Modulator against Hepatitis B Virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 63:AAC.01734-18. [PMID: 30373799 PMCID: PMC6325219 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01734-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NVR 3-778 is the first capsid assembly modulator (CAM) that has demonstrated antiviral activity in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients. NVR 3-778 inhibited the generation of infectious HBV DNA-containing virus particles with a mean antiviral 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 0.40 µM in HepG2.2.15 cells. The antiviral profile of NVR 3-778 indicates pan-genotypic antiviral activity and a lack of cross-resistance with nucleos(t)ide inhibitors of HBV replication. The combination of NVR 3-778 with nucleos(t)ide analogs in vitro resulted in additive or synergistic antiviral activity. Mutations within the hydrophobic pocket at the dimer-dimer interface of the core protein could confer resistance to NVR 3-778, which is consistent with the ability of the compound to bind to core and to induce capsid assembly. By targeting core, NVR 3-778 inhibits pregenomic RNA encapsidation, viral replication, and the production of HBV DNA- and HBV RNA-containing particles. NVR 3-778 also inhibited de novo infection and viral replication in primary human hepatocytes with EC50 values of 0.81 µM against HBV DNA and between 3.7 and 4.8 µM against the production of HBV antigens and intracellular HBV RNA. NVR 3-778 showed favorable pharmacokinetics and safety in animal species, allowing serum levels in excess of 100 µM to be achieved in mice and, thus, enabling efficacy studies in vivo The overall preclinical profile of NVR 3-778 predicts antiviral activity in vivo and supports its further evaluation for safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity in HBV-infected patients.
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Degorce SL, Bodnarchuk MS, Cumming IA, Scott JS. Lowering Lipophilicity by Adding Carbon: One-Carbon Bridges of Morpholines and Piperazines. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8934-8943. [PMID: 30189136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we report our investigation of a phenomenon by which bridging morpholines across the ring with one-carbon tethers leads to a counterintuitive reduction in lipophilicity. This effect was also found to occur in piperazines and piperidines and lowered the measured log D7.4 of the bridged molecules by as much as -0.8 relative to their unbridged counterparts. As lowering lipophilicity without introducing additional heteroatoms can be desirable, we believe this potentially provides a useful tactic to improve the drug-like properties of molecules containing morpholine-, piperazine-, and piperidine-like motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien L Degorce
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building , Cambridge CB4 0WG , United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Bodnarchuk
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building , Cambridge CB4 0WG , United Kingdom
| | - Iain A Cumming
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building , Cambridge CB4 0WG , United Kingdom
| | - James S Scott
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building , Cambridge CB4 0WG , United Kingdom
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Eren E, Watts NR, Dearborn AD, Palmer IW, Kaufman JD, Steven AC, Wingfield PT. Structures of Hepatitis B Virus Core- and e-Antigen Immune Complexes Suggest Multi-point Inhibition. Structure 2018; 26:1314-1326.e4. [PMID: 30100358 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause of liver disease worldwide. While an adequate vaccine is available, current treatment options are limited, not highly effective, and associated with adverse effects, encouraging the development of alternative therapeutics. The HBV core gene encodes two different proteins: core, which forms the viral nucleocapsid, and pre-core, which serves as an immune modulator with multiple points of action. The two proteins mostly have the same sequence, although they differ at their N and C termini and in their dimeric arrangements. Previously, we engineered two human-framework antibody fragments (Fab/scFv) with nano- to picomolar affinities for both proteins. Here, by means of X-ray crystallography, analytical ultracentrifugation, and electron microscopy, we demonstrate that the antibodies have non-overlapping epitopes and effectively block biologically important assemblies of both proteins. These properties, together with the anticipated high tolerability and long half-lives of the antibodies, make them promising therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Eren
- Laboratory of Structural Biology Research, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Norman R Watts
- Protein Expression Laboratory, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Altaira D Dearborn
- Protein Expression Laboratory, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ira W Palmer
- Protein Expression Laboratory, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joshua D Kaufman
- Protein Expression Laboratory, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alasdair C Steven
- Laboratory of Structural Biology Research, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul T Wingfield
- Protein Expression Laboratory, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Preclinical Profile of AB-423, an Inhibitor of Hepatitis B Virus Pregenomic RNA Encapsidation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.00082-18. [PMID: 29555628 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00082-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AB-423 is a member of the sulfamoylbenzamide (SBA) class of hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid inhibitors in phase 1 clinical trials. In cell culture models, AB-423 showed potent inhibition of HBV replication (50% effective concentration [EC50] = 0.08 to 0.27 μM; EC90 = 0.33 to 1.32 μM) with no significant cytotoxicity (50% cytotoxic concentration > 10 μM). Addition of 40% human serum resulted in a 5-fold increase in the EC50s. AB-423 inhibited HBV genotypes A through D and nucleos(t)ide-resistant variants in vitro Treatment of HepDES19 cells with AB-423 resulted in capsid particles devoid of encapsidated pregenomic RNA and relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA), indicating that it is a class II capsid inhibitor. In a de novo infection model, AB-423 prevented the conversion of encapsidated rcDNA to covalently closed circular DNA, presumably by interfering with the capsid uncoating process. Molecular docking of AB-423 into crystal structures of heteroaryldihydropyrimidines and an SBA and biochemical studies suggest that AB-423 likely also binds to the dimer-dimer interface of core protein. In vitro dual combination studies with AB-423 and anti-HBV agents, such as nucleos(t)ide analogs, RNA interference agents, or interferon alpha, resulted in additive to synergistic antiviral activity. Pharmacokinetic studies with AB-423 in CD-1 mice showed significant systemic exposures and higher levels of accumulation in the liver. A 7-day twice-daily administration of AB-423 in a hydrodynamic injection mouse model of HBV infection resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in serum HBV DNA levels, and combination with entecavir or ARB-1467 resulted in a trend toward antiviral activity greater than that of either agent alone, consistent with the results of the in vitro combination studies. The overall preclinical profile of AB-423 supports its further evaluation for safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
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36
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The Heteroaryldihydropyrimidine Bay 38-7690 Induces Hepatitis B Virus Core Protein Aggregates Associated with Promyelocytic Leukemia Nuclear Bodies in Infected Cells. mSphere 2018; 3:3/2/e00131-18. [PMID: 29669885 PMCID: PMC5907649 DOI: 10.1128/mspheredirect.00131-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heteroaryldihydropyrimidines (HAPs) are compounds that inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication by modulating viral capsid assembly. While their biophysical effects on capsid assembly in vitro have been previously studied, the effect of HAP treatment on capsid protein (Cp) in individual HBV-infected cells remains unknown. We report here that the HAP Bay 38-7690 promotes aggregation of recombinant Cp in vitro and causes a time- and dose-dependent decrease of Cp in infected cells, consistent with previously studied HAPs. Interestingly, immunofluorescence analysis showed Cp aggregating in nuclear foci of Bay 38-7690-treated infected cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. We found these foci to be associated with promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies (NBs), which are structures that affect many cellular functions, including DNA damage response, transcription, apoptosis, and antiviral responses. Cp aggregation is not an artifact of the cell system used, as it is observed in HBV-expressing HepAD38 cells, in HepG2 cells transfected with an HBV-expressing plasmid, and in HepG2-NTCP cells infected with HBV. Use of a Cp overexpression vector without HBV sequences shows that aggregation is independent of viral replication, and use of an HBV-expressing plasmid harboring a HAP resistance mutation in Cp abrogated the aggregation, demonstrating that the effect is due to direct compound-Cp interactions. These studies provide novel insight into the effects of HAP-based treatment at a single-cell level.IMPORTANCE Despite the availability of effective vaccines and treatments, HBV remains a significant global health concern, with more than 240 million individuals chronically infected. Current treatments are highly effective at controlling viral replication and disease progression but rarely cure infections. Therefore, much emphasis is being placed on finding therapeutics with new drug targets, such as viral gene expression, covalently closed circular DNA formation and stability, capsid formation, and host immune modulators, with the ultimate goal of an HBV cure. Understanding the mechanisms by which novel antiviral agents act will be imperative for the development of curative HBV therapies.
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Feng S, Gao L, Han X, Hu T, Hu Y, Liu H, Thomas AW, Yan Z, Yang S, Young JAT, Yun H, Zhu W, Shen HC. Discovery of Small Molecule Therapeutics for Treatment of Chronic HBV Infection. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:257-277. [PMID: 29369612 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The chronic infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) inflicts 250 million people worldwide representing a major public health threat. A significant subpopulation of patients eventually develop cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Unfortunately, none of the current standard therapies for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) result in a satisfactory clinical cure rate. Driven by a highly unmet medical need, multiple pharmaceutical companies and research institutions have been engaged in drug discovery and development to improve the CHB functional cure rate, defined by sustainable viral suppression and HBsAg clearance after a finite treatment. This Review summarizes the recent advances in the discovery and development of novel anti-HBV small molecules. It is believed that an improved CHB functional cure rate may be accomplished via the combination of molecules with distinct MoAs. Thus, certain molecules may evolve into key components of a suitable combination therapy leading to superior outcome of clinical efficacy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Feng
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Building 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Building 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xingchun Han
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Building 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Taishan Hu
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Building 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yimin Hu
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Building 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Building 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Andrew W. Thomas
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Building 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhipeng Yan
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Building 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Song Yang
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Building 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - John A. T. Young
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Building 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hongying Yun
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Building 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Building 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hong C. Shen
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Building 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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38
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Recent progress in potential anti-hepatitis B virus agents: Structural and pharmacological perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 147:205-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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39
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Ren Q, Liu X, Yan G, Nie B, Zou Z, Li J, Chen Y, Wei Y, Huang J, Luo Z, Gu B, Goldmann S, Zhang J, Zhang Y. 3-((R)-4-(((R)-6-(2-Bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-(thiazol-2-yl)-3,6-dihydropyrimidin-4-yl)methyl)morpholin-2-yl)propanoic Acid (HEC72702), a Novel Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Inhibitor Based on Clinical Candidate GLS4. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1355-1374. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Ren
- The
State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infection Drug Development, HEC Pharma Group, Dong Guan 523871, China
- Anti-infection
Innovation Department, New Drug Research Institute, HEC Pharma Group, Dong Guan 523871, China
| | - Xinchang Liu
- The
State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infection Drug Development, HEC Pharma Group, Dong Guan 523871, China
- Anti-infection
Innovation Department, New Drug Research Institute, HEC Pharma Group, Dong Guan 523871, China
| | - Guanghua Yan
- The
State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infection Drug Development, HEC Pharma Group, Dong Guan 523871, China
- Anti-infection
Innovation Department, New Drug Research Institute, HEC Pharma Group, Dong Guan 523871, China
| | - Biao Nie
- The
State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infection Drug Development, HEC Pharma Group, Dong Guan 523871, China
| | - Zhifu Zou
- The
State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infection Drug Development, HEC Pharma Group, Dong Guan 523871, China
- Anti-infection
Innovation Department, New Drug Research Institute, HEC Pharma Group, Dong Guan 523871, China
| | - Jing Li
- The
State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infection Drug Development, HEC Pharma Group, Dong Guan 523871, China
| | - Yunfu Chen
- The
State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infection Drug Development, HEC Pharma Group, Dong Guan 523871, China
| | - Yu Wei
- The
State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infection Drug Development, HEC Pharma Group, Dong Guan 523871, China
| | - Jianzhou Huang
- The
State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infection Drug Development, HEC Pharma Group, Dong Guan 523871, China
- Anti-infection
Innovation Department, New Drug Research Institute, HEC Pharma Group, Dong Guan 523871, China
| | - Zhonghua Luo
- The
State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infection Drug Development, HEC Pharma Group, Dong Guan 523871, China
| | - Baohua Gu
- The
State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infection Drug Development, HEC Pharma Group, Dong Guan 523871, China
| | - Siegfried Goldmann
- The
State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infection Drug Development, HEC Pharma Group, Dong Guan 523871, China
- Anti-infection
Innovation Department, New Drug Research Institute, HEC Pharma Group, Dong Guan 523871, China
| | - Jiancun Zhang
- Guangzhou
Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- The
State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infection Drug Development, HEC Pharma Group, Dong Guan 523871, China
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40
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Tsuda S, Mochizuki M, Ishiba H, Yoshizawa-Kumagaye K, Nishio H, Oishi S, Yoshiya T. Easy-to-Attach/Detach Solubilizing-Tag-Aided Chemical Synthesis of an Aggregative Capsid Protein. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2105-2109. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Tsuda
- Peptide Institute, Inc.; Ibaraki Osaka 567-0085 Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Ishiba
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Kumiko Yoshizawa-Kumagaye
- Peptide Institute, Inc.; Ibaraki Osaka 567-0085 Japan
- Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka-shi Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Hideki Nishio
- Peptide Institute, Inc.; Ibaraki Osaka 567-0085 Japan
- Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka-shi Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Shinya Oishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Taku Yoshiya
- Peptide Institute, Inc.; Ibaraki Osaka 567-0085 Japan
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41
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Tsuda S, Mochizuki M, Ishiba H, Yoshizawa-Kumagaye K, Nishio H, Oishi S, Yoshiya T. Easy-to-Attach/Detach Solubilizing-Tag-Aided Chemical Synthesis of an Aggregative Capsid Protein. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Tsuda
- Peptide Institute, Inc.; Ibaraki Osaka 567-0085 Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Ishiba
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Kumiko Yoshizawa-Kumagaye
- Peptide Institute, Inc.; Ibaraki Osaka 567-0085 Japan
- Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka-shi Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Hideki Nishio
- Peptide Institute, Inc.; Ibaraki Osaka 567-0085 Japan
- Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka-shi Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Shinya Oishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Taku Yoshiya
- Peptide Institute, Inc.; Ibaraki Osaka 567-0085 Japan
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42
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Zhang S, Wang F, Zhang Z. Current advances in the elimination of hepatitis B in China by 2030. Front Med 2017; 11:490-501. [PMID: 29170919 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-017-0598-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With its 78 million chronic carriers, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still one of the leading public health challenges in China. Over the last two decades, China has made great progress on the prevention of HBV transmission through national vaccination programs. Zero transmission from mother to infant has been proposed as the current goal. Available anti-HBV therapy is efficacious in suppressing HBV replication; however, it fails to completely cure patients with chronic hepatitis B and even requires lifelong treatment. To reduce the costs and improve the efficacy, several trials have been recently conducted in China to optimize the current anti-HBV managements. Novel biomarkers were identified to predict treatment outcomes, and new promising treatment strategies were developed. Reports also indicate that coinfections of HBV with other hepatotropic viruses and human immunodeficiency virus are common in China and cause severe liver diseases, which should be recognized early and treated properly. Work is still needed to eliminate hepatitis B in China by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuye Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fusheng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Research Center for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Beijiing 302 Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
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43
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Schöneweis K, Motter N, Roppert PL, Lu M, Wang B, Roehl I, Glebe D, Yang D, Morrey JD, Roggendorf M, Vaillant A. Activity of nucleic acid polymers in rodent models of HBV infection. Antiviral Res 2017; 149:26-33. [PMID: 29126900 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid polymers (NAPs) block the release of HBsAg from infected hepatocytes. These compounds have been previously shown to have the unique ability to eliminate serum surface antigen in DHBV-infected Pekin ducks and achieve multilog reduction of HBsAg or HBsAg loss in patients with chronic HBV infection and HBV/HDV coinfection. In ducks and humans, the blockage of HBsAg release by NAPs occurs by the selective targeting of the assembly and/or secretion of subviral particles (SVPs). The clinically active NAP species REP 2055 and REP 2139 were investigated in other relevant animal models of HBV infection including woodchucks chronically infected with WHV, HBV transgenic mice and HBV infected SCID-Hu mice. The liver accumulation of REP 2139 in woodchucks following subcutaneous administration was examined and was found to be similar to that observed in mice and ducks. However, in woodchucks, NAP treatment was associated with only mild (36-79% relative to baseline) reductions in WHsAg (4/10 animals) after 3-5 weeks of treatment without changes in serum WHV DNA. In HBV infected SCID-Hu mice, REP 2055 treatment was not associated with any reduction of HBsAg, HBeAg or HBV DNA in the serum after 28 days of treatment. In HBV transgenic mice, no reductions in serum HBsAg were observed with REP 2139 with up to 12 weeks of treatment. In conclusion, the antiviral effects of NAPs in DHBV infected ducks and patients with chronic HBV infection were weak or absent in woodchuck and mouse models despite similar liver accumulation of NAPs in all these species, suggesting that the mechanisms of SVP assembly and or secretion present in rodent models differs from that in DHBV and chronic HBV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Schöneweis
- Department of Virology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Neil Motter
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Pia L Roppert
- Institute of Medical Virology, National Reference Centre for Hepatitis B and D Viruses, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mengji Lu
- Department of Virology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Baoju Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Dieter Glebe
- Institute of Medical Virology, National Reference Centre for Hepatitis B and D Viruses, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - John D Morrey
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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44
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Li X, Zhou K, He H, Zhou Q, Sun Y, Hou L, Shen L, Wang X, Zhou Y, Gong Z, He S, Jin H, Gu Z, Zhao S, Zhang L, Sun C, Zheng S, Cheng Z, Zhu Y, Zhang M, Li J, Chen S. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2- c]pyrimidines as Capsid Assembly Inhibitors for HBV Treatment. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:969-974. [PMID: 28947946 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of novel tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidines derivatives from Bay41_4109 as hepatitis B virus (HBV) inhibitors is herein reported. The structure-activity relationship optimization led to one highly efficacious compound 28a (IC50 = 10 nM) with good PK profiles and the favorite L/P ratio. The hydrodynamic injection model in mice clearly demonstrated the efficacy of 28a against HBV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Li
- WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 288 FuTe Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhou
- WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 288 FuTe Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Haiying He
- WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 288 FuTe Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 288 FuTe Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Ya Sun
- WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 288 FuTe Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Hou
- WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 288 FuTe Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Liang Shen
- WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 288 FuTe Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 288 FuTe Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Yuedong Zhou
- WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 288 FuTe Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Gong
- WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 288 FuTe Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Shibo He
- WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 288 FuTe Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Huangtao Jin
- WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 288 FuTe Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Zhengxian Gu
- WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 288 FuTe Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Shuyong Zhao
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Targeted Drugs, Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 243 Gong Ye Bei Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Targeted Drugs, Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 243 Gong Ye Bei Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Sun
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Targeted Drugs, Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 243 Gong Ye Bei Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shansong Zheng
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Targeted Drugs, Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 243 Gong Ye Bei Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Targeted Drugs, Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 243 Gong Ye Bei Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yidong Zhu
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Targeted Drugs, Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 243 Gong Ye Bei Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, P. R. China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Targeted Drugs, Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 243 Gong Ye Bei Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 288 FuTe Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Shuhui Chen
- WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 288 FuTe Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
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45
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Discovery and Mechanistic Study of Benzamide Derivatives That Modulate Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Assembly. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00519-17. [PMID: 28566379 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00519-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health problem. Although the currently approved medications can reliably reduce the viral load and prevent the progression of liver diseases, they fail to cure the viral infection. In an effort toward discovery of novel antiviral agents against HBV, a group of benzamide (BA) derivatives that significantly reduced the amount of cytoplasmic HBV DNA were discovered. The initial lead optimization efforts identified two BA derivatives with improved antiviral activity for further mechanistic studies. Interestingly, similar to our previously reported sulfamoylbenzamides (SBAs), the BAs promote the formation of empty capsids through specific interaction with HBV core protein but not other viral and host cellular components. Genetic evidence suggested that both SBAs and BAs inhibited HBV nucleocapsid assembly by binding to the heteroaryldihydropyrimidine (HAP) pocket between core protein dimer-dimer interfaces. However, unlike SBAs, BA compounds uniquely induced the formation of empty capsids that migrated more slowly in native agarose gel electrophoresis from A36V mutant than from the wild-type core protein. Moreover, we showed that the assembly of chimeric capsids from wild-type and drug-resistant core proteins was susceptible to multiple capsid assembly modulators. Hence, HBV core protein is a dominant antiviral target that may suppress the selection of drug-resistant viruses during core protein-targeting antiviral therapy. Our studies thus indicate that BAs are a chemically and mechanistically unique type of HBV capsid assembly modulators and warranted for further development as antiviral agents against HBV.IMPORTANCE HBV core protein plays essential roles in many steps of the viral replication cycle. In addition to packaging viral pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) and DNA polymerase complex into nucleocapsids for reverse transcriptional DNA replication to take place, the core protein dimers, existing in several different quaternary structures in infected hepatocytes, participate in and regulate HBV virion assembly, capsid uncoating, and covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) formation. It is anticipated that small molecular core protein assembly modulators may disrupt one or multiple steps of HBV replication, depending on their interaction with the distinct quaternary structures of core protein. The discovery of novel core protein-targeting antivirals, such as benzamide derivatives reported here, and investigation of their antiviral mechanism may lead to the identification of antiviral therapeutics for the cure of chronic hepatitis B.
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46
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Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Assembly Modulators, but Not Nucleoside Analogs, Inhibit the Production of Extracellular Pregenomic RNA and Spliced RNA Variants. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00680-17. [PMID: 28559265 PMCID: PMC5527605 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00680-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein serves multiple essential functions in the viral life cycle, and antiviral agents that target the core protein are being developed. Capsid assembly modulators (CAMs) are compounds that target core and misdirect capsid assembly, resulting in the suppression of HBV replication and virion production. Besides HBV DNA, circulating HBV RNA has been detected in patient serum and can be associated with the treatment response. Here we studied the effect of HBV CAMs on the production of extracellular HBV RNA using infected HepaRG cells and primary human hepatocytes. Representative compounds from the sulfonamide carboxamide and heteroaryldihydropyrimidine series of CAMs were evaluated and compared to nucleos(t)ide analogs as inhibitors of the viral polymerase. The results showed that CAMs blocked extracellular HBV RNA with efficiencies similar to those with which they blocked pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) encapsidation, HBV DNA replication, and Dane particle production. Nucleos(t)ide analogs inhibited viral replication and virion production but not encapsidation or production of extracellular HBV RNA. Profiling of HBV RNA from both culture supernatants and patient serum showed that extracellular viral RNA consisted of pgRNA and spliced pgRNA variants with an internal deletion(s) but still retained the sequences at both the 5′ and 3′ ends. Similar variants were detected in the supernatants of infected cells with and without nucleos(t)ide analog treatment. Overall, our data demonstrate that HBV CAMs represent direct antiviral agents with a profile differentiated from that of nucleos(t)ide analogs, including the inhibition of extracellular pgRNA and spliced pgRNA.
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47
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Berke JM, Tan Y, Verbinnen T, Dehertogh P, Vergauwen K, Vos A, Lenz O, Pauwels F. Antiviral profiling of the capsid assembly modulator BAY41-4109 on full-length HBV genotype A-H clinical isolates and core site-directed mutants in vitro. Antiviral Res 2017. [PMID: 28647474 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The HBV core protein represents an attractive target for new antiviral therapies due to its multiple functions within the viral life-cycle. Here, we report the antiviral activity of the capsid assembly modulator (CAM) BAY41-4109 and two nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) on a diverse panel of 54 HBV clinical isolates from genotype (GT) A-H and assessed the impact of core amino acid (aa) substitutions using site-directed mutants (SDMs). The median EC50 values of BAY41-4109 across genotypes ranged from 26 nM in GT G to 215 nM in GT F irrespective of the presence of NA resistance mutations compared to 43 nM for the GT D reference construct. Combined analyses of clinical isolates and SDMs identified aa changes at positions 29, 33 and 118 led to reduced antiviral activity of BAY41-4109 with fold changes in EC50 values of 6, 46, and 9 for D29G, T33N, and Y118F, respectively. These aa substitutions are located within the CAM binding pocket, and are expected to have an effect on CAM binding based on structural modeling. Importantly aa variations at these positions were rarely (<0.3%) observed as naturally occurring in public sequence databases. NA's remained fully active against these variants. Our study demonstrated that BAY41-4109 generally remained fully active across GT A-H clinical isolates. In addition, core aa substitutions within the CAM-binding pocket replicated in vitro and variants at positions 29, 33, and 118 were identified to reduce antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Martin Berke
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Ying Tan
- Janssen China Research & Development Center, 5F North Building #1 Jinchuang Mansion, 4560 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Thierry Verbinnen
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Pascale Dehertogh
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Karen Vergauwen
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ann Vos
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Oliver Lenz
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Frederik Pauwels
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
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48
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Pei Y, Wang C, Yan SF, Liu G. Past, Current, and Future Developments of Therapeutic Agents for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6461-6479. [PMID: 28383274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For decades, treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been relying on interferon (IFN)-based therapies and nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (NAs) that selectively target the viral polymerase reverse transcriptase (RT) domain and thereby disrupt HBV viral DNA synthesis. We have summarized here the key steps in the HBV viral life cycle, which could potentially be targeted by novel anti-HBV therapeutics. A wide range of next-generation direct antiviral agents (DAAs) with distinct mechanisms of actions are discussed, including entry inhibitors, transcription inhibitors, nucleoside/nucleotide analogues, inhibitors of viral ribonuclease H (RNase H), modulators of viral capsid assembly, inhibitors of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) secretion, RNA interference (RNAi) gene silencers, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), and natural products. Compounds that exert their antiviral activities mainly through host factors and immunomodulation, such as host targeting agents (HTAs), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, are also discussed. In this Perspective, we hope to provide an overview, albeit by no means being comprehensive, for the recent development of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of chronic HBV infection, which not only are able to sustainably suppress viral DNA but also aim to achieve functional cure warranted by HBsAg loss and ultimately lead to virus eradication and cure of hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Pei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chunting Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - S Frank Yan
- Molecular Design and Chemical Biology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
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49
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Qiu Z, Lin X, Zhang W, Zhou M, Guo L, Kocer B, Wu G, Zhang Z, Liu H, Shi H, Kou B, Hu T, Hu Y, Huang M, Yan SF, Xu Z, Zhou Z, Qin N, Wang YF, Ren S, Qiu H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wu X, Sun K, Zhong S, Xie J, Ottaviani G, Zhou Y, Zhu L, Tian X, Shi L, Shen F, Mao Y, Zhou X, Gao L, Young JAT, Wu JZ, Yang G, Mayweg AV, Shen HC, Tang G, Zhu W. Discovery and Pre-Clinical Characterization of Third-Generation 4-H Heteroaryldihydropyrimidine (HAP) Analogues as Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Capsid Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2017; 60:3352-3371. [PMID: 28339215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Described herein are the discovery and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of the third-generation 4-H heteroaryldihydropyrimidines (4-H HAPs) featuring the introduction of a C6 carboxyl group as novel HBV capsid inhibitors. This new series of 4-H HAPs showed improved anti-HBV activity and better drug-like properties compared to the first- and second-generation 4-H HAPs. X-ray crystallographic study of analogue 12 (HAP_R01) with Cp149 Y132A mutant hexamer clearly elucidated the role of C6 carboxyl group played for the increased binding affinity, which formed strong hydrogen bonding interactions with capsid protein and coordinated waters. The representative analogue 10 (HAP_R10) was extensively characterized in vitro (ADMET) and in vivo (mouse PK and PD) and subsequently selected for further development as oral anti-HBV infection agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxing Qiu
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xianfeng Lin
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weixing Zhang
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingwei Zhou
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Buelent Kocer
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guolong Wu
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhisen Zhang
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Houguang Shi
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Buyu Kou
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Taishan Hu
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yimin Hu
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengwei Huang
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - S Frank Yan
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhiheng Xu
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ning Qin
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yue Fen Wang
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuang Ren
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongxia Qiu
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wu
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sheng Zhong
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianxun Xie
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Giorgio Ottaviani
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lina Zhu
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaojun Tian
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liping Shi
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fang Shen
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Mao
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - John A T Young
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jim Zhen Wu
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Alexander V Mayweg
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong C Shen
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guozhi Tang
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, ‡Roche Innovation Center Basel, §Medicinal Chemistry, ∥Chemical Biology, ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, #Discovery Virology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Bldg 5, 720 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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50
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Zhou Z, Hu T, Zhou X, Wildum S, Garcia-Alcalde F, Xu Z, Wu D, Mao Y, Tian X, Zhou Y, Shen F, Zhang Z, Tang G, Najera I, Yang G, Shen HC, Young JAT, Qin N. Heteroaryldihydropyrimidine (HAP) and Sulfamoylbenzamide (SBA) Inhibit Hepatitis B Virus Replication by Different Molecular Mechanisms. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42374. [PMID: 28205569 PMCID: PMC5304331 DOI: 10.1038/srep42374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heteroaryldihydropyrimidine (HAP) and sulfamoylbenzamide (SBA) are promising non-nucleos(t)ide HBV replication inhibitors. HAPs are known to promote core protein mis-assembly, but the molecular mechanism of abnormal assembly is still elusive. Likewise, the assembly status of core protein induced by SBA remains unknown. Here we show that SBA, unlike HAP, does not promote core protein mis-assembly. Interestingly, two reference compounds HAP_R01 and SBA_R01 bind to the same pocket at the dimer-dimer interface in the crystal structures of core protein Y132A hexamer. The striking difference lies in a unique hydrophobic subpocket that is occupied by the thiazole group of HAP_R01, but is unperturbed by SBA_R01. Photoaffinity labeling confirms the HAP_R01 binding pose at the dimer-dimer interface on capsid and suggests a new mechanism of HAP-induced mis-assembly. Based on the common features in crystal structures we predict that T33 mutations generate similar susceptibility changes to both compounds. In contrast, mutations at positions in close contact with HAP-specific groups (P25A, P25S, or V124F) only reduce susceptibility to HAP_R01, but not to SBA_R01. Thus, HAP and SBA are likely to have distinctive resistance profiles. Notably, P25S and V124F substitutions exist in low-abundance quasispecies in treatment-naïve patients, suggesting potential clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Chemical Biology, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Taishan Hu
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Medicinal Chemistry, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Steffen Wildum
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Garcia-Alcalde
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zhiheng Xu
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Chemical Biology, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Daitze Wu
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yi Mao
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaojun Tian
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fang Shen
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhisen Zhang
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Medicinal Chemistry, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guozhi Tang
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Medicinal Chemistry, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Isabel Najera
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guang Yang
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hong C Shen
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Medicinal Chemistry, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - John A T Young
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ning Qin
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Chemical Biology, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203, China
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