1
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Tarui A, Shimomura H, Yasuno Y, Karuo Y, Sato K, Kawai K, Omote M. Decarboxylative Aldol Reaction of α,α-Difluoro-β-keto Esters: Easy Access to Difluoroenolate. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:26275-26284. [PMID: 38911753 PMCID: PMC11190933 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Yb(OTf)3 promoted the Krapcho decarboxylation of 2,2-difluoro-3-oxopropanoate, and a subsequent aldol reaction was achieved. This process is the first example of generating difluoroenolates through a decarboxylation-type process, and a large number of carbonyl compounds are applicable to the aldol reaction. The protocol is a complete one-pot reaction that uses the bench-stable and nonhygroscopic 2,2-difluoro-3-oxopropanoate to generate the difluoroenolate. This strategy has been applied for the synthesis of CF2-containing bioactive GABAB agonists, contributing to drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tarui
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimomura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Yohei Yasuno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Yukiko Karuo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Masaaki Omote
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
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2
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Rombouts FJR, Hsiao CC, Bache S, De Cleyn M, Heckmann P, Leenaerts J, Martinéz-Lamenca C, Van Brandt S, Peschiulli A, Vos A, Gijsen HJM. Modulating physicochemical properties of tetrahydropyridine-2-amine BACE1 inhibitors with electron-withdrawing groups: A systematic study. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 228:114028. [PMID: 34920170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A common challenge for medicinal chemists is to reduce the pKa of strongly basic groups' conjugate acids into a range that preserves the desired effects, usually potency and/or solubility, but avoids undesired effects like high volume of distribution (Vd), limited membrane permeation, and off-target binding to, notably, the hERG channel and monoamine receptors. We faced this challenge with a 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-2-amine scaffold harboring an amidine, a key structural component of potential inhibitors of BACE1, the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of Aβ species that make up amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease. In our endeavor to balance potency with desirable properties to achieve brain penetration, we introduced a diverse set of groups in beta position of the amidine that modulate logD, PSA and pKa. Given the synthetic challenge to prepare these highly functionalized warheads, we first developed a design flow including predicted physicochemical parameters which allowed us to select only the most promising candidates for synthesis. For this we evaluated a set of commercial packages to predict physicochemical properties, which can guide medicinal chemists in their endeavors to modulate pKa values of amidine and amine bases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chien-Chi Hsiao
- Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Solène Bache
- Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Michel De Cleyn
- Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Pauline Heckmann
- Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jos Leenaerts
- Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Sven Van Brandt
- Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Aldo Peschiulli
- Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ann Vos
- Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Harrie J M Gijsen
- Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
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3
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Pan L, He Q, Wu Y, Zhang N, Cai H, Yang B, Wang Y, Li Y, Wu X. Synthesis, radiolabeling, and evaluation of a potent β-site APP cleaving enzyme (BACE1) inhibitor for PET imaging of BACE1 in vivo. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 59:128543. [PMID: 35031452 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) plays important roles in the proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein, and can be regarded as an important target for the diagnosis and treatment of AD. This study aimed to report the synthesis and evaluation of an 18F-labeled 2-amino-3,4-dihydroquinazoline analog as a potential BACE1 radioligand. A fluoropropyl side chain was introduced to the phenyl of this 3,4-dihydroquinazoline scaffold to generate the radioligand. Our preliminary data indicated that although the 2-amino-3,4-dihydroquinazoline scaffold possessed favorable in-vitro properties as a PET ligand, its poor brain uptake hindered the in-vivo imaging of BACE1. Further investigation would be required to optimize the scaffold for the development of a blood-brain-barrier-permeable BACE1-targeted PET ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Pan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huawei Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, Sichuan, 617067, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Medical School/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yunchun Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin 644000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaoai Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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4
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Peschiulli A, Oehlrich D, Van Gool M, Austin N, Van Brandt S, Surkyn M, De Cleyn M, Vos A, Tresadern G, Rombouts FJR, Macdonald GJ, Moechars D, Trabanco A, Gijsen HJM. A Brain-Penetrant and Bioavailable Pyrazolopiperazine BACE1 Inhibitor Elicits Sustained Reduction of Amyloid β In Vivo. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 13:76-83. [PMID: 35059126 PMCID: PMC8762732 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently disclosed a set of heteroaryl-fused piperazine inhibitors of BACE1 that combined nanomolar potency with good intrinsic permeability and low Pgp-mediated efflux. Herein we describe further work on two prototypes of this family of inhibitors aimed at modulating their basicity and reducing binding to the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) channel. This effort has led to the identification of compound 36, a highly potent (hAβ42 cell IC50 = 1.3 nM), cardiovascularly safe, and orally bioavailable compound that elicited sustained Aβ42 reduction in mouse and dog animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Peschiulli
- †Discovery
Chemistry, Discovery Sciences, §DMPK, Discovery Sciences, and ∥Neuroscience
Biology, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium,
| | - Daniel Oehlrich
- †Discovery
Chemistry, Discovery Sciences, §DMPK, Discovery Sciences, and ∥Neuroscience
Biology, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium,
| | - Michiel Van Gool
- Discovery
Chemistry, Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research
& Development, Janssen-Cilag S.A., C/Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Nigel Austin
- †Discovery
Chemistry, Discovery Sciences, §DMPK, Discovery Sciences, and ∥Neuroscience
Biology, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Sven Van Brandt
- †Discovery
Chemistry, Discovery Sciences, §DMPK, Discovery Sciences, and ∥Neuroscience
Biology, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Michel Surkyn
- †Discovery
Chemistry, Discovery Sciences, §DMPK, Discovery Sciences, and ∥Neuroscience
Biology, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Michel De Cleyn
- †Discovery
Chemistry, Discovery Sciences, §DMPK, Discovery Sciences, and ∥Neuroscience
Biology, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ann Vos
- †Discovery
Chemistry, Discovery Sciences, §DMPK, Discovery Sciences, and ∥Neuroscience
Biology, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Gary Tresadern
- †Discovery
Chemistry, Discovery Sciences, §DMPK, Discovery Sciences, and ∥Neuroscience
Biology, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Frederik J. R. Rombouts
- †Discovery
Chemistry, Discovery Sciences, §DMPK, Discovery Sciences, and ∥Neuroscience
Biology, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Gregor J. Macdonald
- †Discovery
Chemistry, Discovery Sciences, §DMPK, Discovery Sciences, and ∥Neuroscience
Biology, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Diederik Moechars
- †Discovery
Chemistry, Discovery Sciences, §DMPK, Discovery Sciences, and ∥Neuroscience
Biology, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Andrés
A. Trabanco
- Discovery
Chemistry, Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research
& Development, Janssen-Cilag S.A., C/Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Harrie J. M. Gijsen
- †Discovery
Chemistry, Discovery Sciences, §DMPK, Discovery Sciences, and ∥Neuroscience
Biology, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
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5
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JNJ-67569762, A 2-Aminotetrahydropyridine-Based Selective BACE1 Inhibitor Targeting the S3 Pocket: From Discovery to Clinical Candidate. J Med Chem 2021; 64:14175-14191. [PMID: 34553934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of a novel 2-aminotetrahydropyridine class of BACE1 inhibitors is described. Their pKa and lipophilicity were modulated by a pending sulfonyl group, while good permeability and brain penetration were achieved via intramolecular hydrogen bonding. BACE1 selectivity over BACE2 was achieved in the S3 pocket by a novel bicyclic ring system. An optimization addressing reactive metabolite formation, cardiovascular safety, and CNS toxicity is described, leading to the clinical candidate JNJ-67569762 (12), which gave robust dose-dependent BACE1-mediated amyloid β lowering without showing BACE2-dependent hair depigmentation in preclinical models. We show that 12 has a favorable projected human dose and PK and hence presented us with an opportunity to test a highly selective BACE1 inhibitor in humans. However, 12 was found to have a QT effect upon repeat dosing in dogs and its development was halted in favor of other selective leads, which will be reported in the future.
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6
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Rueeger H, Lueoend R, Machauer R, Veenstra SJ, Holzer P, Hurth K, Voegtle M, Frederiksen M, Rondeau JM, Tintelnot-Blomley M, Jacobson LH, Staufenbiel M, Laue G, Neumann U. Synthesis of the Potent, Selective, and Efficacious β-Secretase (BACE1) Inhibitor NB-360. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4677-4696. [PMID: 33844524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Starting from lead compound 4, the 1,4-oxazine headgroup was optimized to improve potency and brain penetration. Focusing at the 6-position of the 5-amino-1,4-oxazine, the insertion of a Me and a CF3 group delivered an excellent pharmacological profile with a pKa of 7.1 and a very low P-gp efflux ratio enabling high central nervous system (CNS) penetration and exposure. Various synthetic routes to access BACE1 inhibitors bearing a 5-amino-6-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,4-oxazine headgroup were investigated. Subsequent optimization of the P3 fragment provided the highly potent N-(3-((3R,6R)-5-amino-3,6-dimethyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,4-oxazin-3-yl)-4-fluorophenyl)-5-cyano-3-methylpicolinamide 54 (NB-360), able to reduce significantly Aβ levels in mice, rats, and dogs in acute and chronic treatment regimens.
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7
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Abstract
![]()
Developing
drugs for the central nervous system (CNS) requires
fine chemical modifications, as a strict balance between size and
lipophilicity is necessary to improve the permeability through the
blood-brain barrier (BBB).
In this context, morpholine and its analogues represent valuable heterocycles,
due to their conformational and physicochemical properties. In fact,
the presence of a weak basic nitrogen atom and of an oxygen atom at
the opposite position provides a peculiar pKa value and a flexible conformation to the ring, thus allowing
it to take part in several lipophilic–hydrophilic interactions,
and to improve blood solubility and brain permeability of the overall
structure. In CNS-active compounds, morpholines are used (1) to enhance
the potency through molecular interactions, (2) to act as a scaffold
directing the appendages in the correct position, and (3) to modulate
pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) properties. In this perspective,
selected morpholine-containing CNS drug candidates are discussed to
reveal the active pharmacophores accountable for the (1) modulation
of receptors involved in mood disorders and pain, (2) bioactivity
toward enzymes and receptors responsible for neurodegenerative diseases,
and (3) inhibition of enzymes involved in the pathology of CNS tumors.
The medicinal chemistry/pharmacological activity of morpholine derivatives
is discussed, in the effort to highlight the importance of morpholine
ring interactions in the active site of different targets, particularly
reporting binding features retrieved from PDB data, when available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lenci
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Calugi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Trabocchi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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8
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Rombouts F, Kusakabe KI, Hsiao CC, Gijsen HJM. Small-molecule BACE1 inhibitors: a patent literature review (2011 to 2020). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 31:25-52. [PMID: 33006491 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1832463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inhibition of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) has been extensively pursued as potential disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clinical failures with BACE inhibitors have progressively raised the bar forever cleaner candidates with reduced cardiovascular liability, toxicity risk, and increased selectivity over cathepsin D (CatD) and BACE2. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of patented BACE1 inhibitors between 2011 and 2020 per pharmaceutical company or research group and highlights the progress that was made in dialing out toxicity liabilities. EXPERT OPINION Despite an increasingly crowded IP situation, significant progress was made using highly complex chemistry in avoiding toxicity liabilities, with BACE1/BACE2 selectivity being the most remarkable achievement. However, clinical trial data suggest on-target toxicity is likely a contributing factor, which implies the only potential future of BACE1 inhibitors lies in careful titration of highly selective compounds in early populations where the amyloid burden is still minimal as prophylactic therapy, or as an affordable oral maintenance therapy following amyloid-clearing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Rombouts
- Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development , Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ken-Ichi Kusakabe
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd ., Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chien-Chi Hsiao
- Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development , Beerse, Belgium
| | - Harrie J M Gijsen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development , Beerse, Belgium
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9
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Chen Z, Bai X, Sun J, Xu Y. Fe(III)-Catalyzed Decarboxylative C3-Difluoroarylmethylation of Coumarins with α,α-Difluoroarylacetic Acids. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7674-7682. [PMID: 32436381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A facile Fe(III)-catalyzed oxidative decarboxylative radical coupling reaction of α,α-difluoroarylacetic acids with coumarins has been developed. This transformation, which provides a series of C-3 difluoroarylmethylated coumarins containing various functional groups in moderate-to-good yields, features easily accessible starting materials and operational simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Bai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou310014, P. R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou310014, P. R. China
| | - Yicheng Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou310014, P. R. China
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10
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Peschiulli A, Oehlrich D, Rombouts F, Vos A, Gijsen HJM. 3,3-Difluoro-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-2-amines: Potent and permeable BACE-1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126999. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.126999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Zinad DS, Mahal A, Mohapatra RK, Sarangi AK, Pratama MRF. Medicinal chemistry of oxazines as promising agents in drug discovery. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 95:16-47. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhafer S. Zinad
- Applied Science Department University of Technology Baghdad Iraq
| | - Ahmed Mahal
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Guangzhou HC Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Guangzhou China
| | - Ranjan K. Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry Government College of Engineering Keonjhar Odisha India
| | - Ashish K. Sarangi
- Department of Chemistry Government College of Engineering Keonjhar Odisha India
| | - Mohammad Rizki Fadhil Pratama
- Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Health Sciences Muhammadiyah University of Palangkaraya Palangka Raya Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Airlangga University Surabaya Indonesia
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12
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Tadano G, Komano K, Yoshida S, Suzuki S, Nakahara K, Fuchino K, Fujimoto K, Matsuoka E, Yamamoto T, Asada N, Ito H, Sakaguchi G, Kanegawa N, Kido Y, Ando S, Fukushima T, Teisman A, Urmaliya V, Dhuyvetter D, Borghys H, Van Den Bergh A, Austin N, Gijsen HJM, Yamano Y, Iso Y, Kusakabe KI. Discovery of an Extremely Potent Thiazine-Based β-Secretase Inhibitor with Reduced Cardiovascular and Liver Toxicity at a Low Projected Human Dose. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9331-9337. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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13
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Oehlrich D, Peschiulli A, Tresadern G, Van Gool M, Vega JA, De Lucas AI, Alonso de Diego SA, Prokopcova H, Austin N, Van Brandt S, Surkyn M, De Cleyn M, Vos A, Rombouts FJR, Macdonald G, Moechars D, Gijsen HJM, Trabanco AA. Evaluation of a Series of β-Secretase 1 Inhibitors Containing Novel Heteroaryl-Fused-Piperazine Amidine Warheads. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1159-1165. [PMID: 31413800 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite several years of research, only a handful of β-secretase (BACE) 1 inhibitors have entered clinical trials as potential therapeutics against Alzheimer's disease. The intrinsic basic nature of low molecular weight, amidine-containing BACE 1 inhibitors makes them far from optimal as central nervous system drugs. Herein we present a set of novel heteroaryl-fused piperazine amidine inhibitors designed to lower the basicity of the key, enzyme binding, amidine functionality. This study resulted in the identification of highly potent (IC50 ≤ 10 nM), permeable lead compounds with a reduced propensity to suffer from P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michiel Van Gool
- Discovery Sciences Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen−Cilag S.A., C/Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Vega
- Discovery Sciences Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen−Cilag S.A., C/Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel De Lucas
- Discovery Sciences Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen−Cilag S.A., C/Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Sergio A. Alonso de Diego
- Discovery Sciences Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen−Cilag S.A., C/Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrés A. Trabanco
- Discovery Sciences Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen−Cilag S.A., C/Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
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