1
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Phillips M, Malone KL, Boyle BW, Montgomery C, Kressy IA, Joseph FM, Bright KM, Boyson SP, Chang S, Nix JC, Young NL, Jeffers V, Frietze S, Glass KC. Impact of Combinatorial Histone Modifications on Acetyllysine Recognition by the ATAD2 and ATAD2B Bromodomains. J Med Chem 2024; 67:8186-8200. [PMID: 38733345 PMCID: PMC11149620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The ATPase family AAA+ domain containing 2 (ATAD2) protein and its paralog ATAD2B have a C-terminal bromodomain (BRD) that functions as a reader of acetylated lysine residues on histone proteins. Using a structure-function approach, we investigated the ability of the ATAD2/B BRDs to select acetylated lysine among multiple histone post-translational modifications. The ATAD2B BRD can bind acetylated histone ligands that also contain adjacent methylation or phosphorylation marks, while the presence of these modifications significantly weakened the acetyllysine binding activity of the ATAD2 BRD. Our structural studies provide mechanistic insights into how ATAD2/B BRD-binding pocket residues coordinate the acetyllysine group in the context of adjacent post-translational modifications. Furthermore, we investigated how sequence changes in amino acids of the histone ligands impact the recognition of an adjacent acetyllysine residue. Our study highlights how the interplay between multiple combinations of histone modifications influences the reader activity of the ATAD2/B BRDs, resulting in distinct binding modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Phillips
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, Vermont 05446, United States
| | - Kiera L Malone
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Brian W Boyle
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Cameron Montgomery
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, Vermont 05446, United States
| | - Isabelle A Kressy
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Faith M Joseph
- Verna & Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Kathleen M Bright
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Samuel P Boyson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, Vermont 05446, United States
| | - Sunsik Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, Vermont 05446, United States
| | - Jay C Nix
- Molecular Biology Consortium, Advanced Light Source, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nicolas L Young
- Verna & Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Victoria Jeffers
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Seth Frietze
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Karen C Glass
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, Vermont 05446, United States
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2
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Gajjela BK, Zhou MM. Bromodomain inhibitors and therapeutic applications. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 75:102323. [PMID: 37207401 PMCID: PMC10524616 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The bromodomain acts to recognize acetylated lysine in histones and transcription proteins and plays a fundamental role in chromatin-based cellular processes including gene transcription and chromatin remodeling. Many bromodomain proteins, particularly the bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) protein BRD4 have been implicated in cancers and inflammatory disorders and recognized as attractive drug targets. Although clinical studies of many BET bromodomain inhibitors have made substantial progress toward harnessing the therapeutic potential of targeting the bromodomain proteins, the development of this new class of epigenetic drugs is met with challenges, especially on-target dose-limiting toxicity. In this review, we highlight the current development of new-generation small molecule inhibitors for the BET and non-BET bromodomain proteins and discuss the research strategies used to target different bromodomain proteins for a wide array of human diseases including cancers and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Kumar Gajjela
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, United States
| | - Ming-Ming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, United States.
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3
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Pan Z, Zhao Y, Wang X, Xie X, Liu M, Zhang K, Wang L, Bai D, Foster LJ, Shu R, He G. Targeting bromodomain-containing proteins: research advances of drug discovery. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:13. [PMID: 37142850 PMCID: PMC10159834 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain (BD) is an evolutionarily conserved protein module found in 46 different BD-containing proteins (BCPs). BD acts as a specific reader for acetylated lysine residues (KAc) and serves an essential role in transcriptional regulation, chromatin remodeling, DNA damage repair, and cell proliferation. On the other hand, BCPs have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, including cancers, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, and viral infections. Over the past decade, researchers have brought new therapeutic strategies to relevant diseases by inhibiting the activity or downregulating the expression of BCPs to interfere with the transcription of pathogenic genes. An increasing number of potent inhibitors and degraders of BCPs have been developed, some of which are already in clinical trials. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of recent advances in the study of drugs that inhibit or down-regulate BCPs, focusing on the development history, molecular structure, biological activity, interaction with BCPs and therapeutic potentials of these drugs. In addition, we discuss current challenges, issues to be addressed and future research directions for the development of BCPs inhibitors. Lessons learned from the successful or unsuccessful development experiences of these inhibitors or degraders will facilitate the further development of efficient, selective and less toxic inhibitors of BCPs and eventually achieve drug application in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoping Pan
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatrics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xin Xie
- College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mingxia Liu
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Kaiyao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ding Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatrics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Rui Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatrics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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4
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Dutta M, Mohapatra D, Mohapatra AP, Senapati S, Roychowdhury A. ATAD2 suppression enhances the combinatorial effect of gemcitabine and radiation in pancreatic cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 635:179-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Winter-Holt JJ, Bardelle C, Chiarparin E, Dale IL, Davey PRJ, Davies NL, Denz C, Fillery SM, Guérot CM, Han F, Hughes SJ, Kulkarni M, Liu Z, Milbradt A, Moss TA, Niu H, Patel J, Rabow AA, Schimpl M, Shi J, Sun D, Yang D, Guichard S. Discovery of a Potent and Selective ATAD2 Bromodomain Inhibitor with Antiproliferative Activity in Breast Cancer Models. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3306-3331. [PMID: 35133824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
ATAD2 is an epigenetic bromodomain-containing target which is overexpressed in many cancers and has been suggested as a potential oncology target. While several small molecule inhibitors have been described in the literature, their cellular activity has proved to be underwhelming. In this work, we describe the identification of a novel series of ATAD2 inhibitors by high throughput screening, confirmation of the bromodomain region as the site of action, and the optimization campaign undertaken to improve the potency, selectivity, and permeability of the initial hit. The result is compound 5 (AZ13824374), a highly potent and selective ATAD2 inhibitor which shows cellular target engagement and antiproliferative activity in a range of breast cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Bardelle
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Christopher Denz
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | | | | | - Fujin Han
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | | | - Meghana Kulkarni
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Zhaoqun Liu
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Huijun Niu
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | - Junjie Shi
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Dongqing Sun
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Dejian Yang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Sylvie Guichard
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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6
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Zhang G, Li S, Cheng KW, Chou TF. AAA ATPases as therapeutic targets: Structure, functions, and small-molecule inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 219:113446. [PMID: 33873056 PMCID: PMC8165034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activity (AAA ATPase) are essential enzymes found in all organisms. They are involved in various processes such as DNA replication, protein degradation, membrane fusion, microtubule serving, peroxisome biogenesis, signal transduction, and the regulation of gene expression. Due to the importance of AAA ATPases, several researchers identified and developed small-molecule inhibitors against these enzymes. We discuss six AAA ATPases that are potential drug targets and have well-developed inhibitors. We compare available structures that suggest significant differences of the ATP binding pockets among the AAA ATPases with or without ligand. The distances from ADP to the His20 in the His-Ser-His motif and the Arg finger (Arg353 or Arg378) in both RUVBL1/2 complex structures bound with or without ADP have significant differences, suggesting dramatically different interactions of the binding site with ADP. Taken together, the inhibitors of six well-studied AAA ATPases and their structural information suggest further development of specific AAA ATPase inhibitors due to difference in their structures. Future chemical biology coupled with proteomic approaches could be employed to develop variant specific, complex specific, and pathway specific inhibitors or activators for AAA ATPase proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States.
| | - Shan Li
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States
| | - Kai-Wen Cheng
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States
| | - Tsui-Fen Chou
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States.
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7
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Shaikh F, Tai HK, Desai N, Siu SWI. LigTMap: ligand and structure-based target identification and activity prediction for small molecular compounds. J Cheminform 2021; 13:44. [PMID: 34112240 PMCID: PMC8194164 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-021-00523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Target prediction is a crucial step in modern drug discovery. However, existing experimental approaches to target prediction are time-consuming and costly. Here, we introduce LigTMap, an online server with a fully automated workflow that can identify protein targets of chemical compounds among 17 classes of therapeutic proteins extracted from the PDBbind database. It combines ligand similarity search with docking and binding similarity analysis to predict putative targets. In the validation experiment of 1251 compounds, targets were successfully predicted for more than 70% of the compounds within the top-10 list. The performance of LigTMap is comparable to the current best servers SwissTargetPrediction and SEA. When testing with our newly compiled compounds from recent literature, we get improved top 10 success rate (66% ours vs. 60% SwissTargetPrediction and 64% SEA) and similar top 1 success rate (45% ours vs. 51% SwissTargetPrediction and 41% SEA). LigTMap directly provides ligand docking structures in PDB format, so that the results are ready for further structural studies in computer-aided drug design and drug repurposing projects. The LigTMap web server is freely accessible at https://cbbio.online/LigTMap. The source code is released on GitHub (https://github.com/ShirleyWISiu/LigTMap) under the BSD 3-Clause License to encourage re-use and further developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Shaikh
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Hio Kuan Tai
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Nirali Desai
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China.,Division of Biological and Life Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Shirley W I Siu
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China.
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8
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Nayak A, Dutta M, Roychowdhury A. Emerging oncogene ATAD2: Signaling cascades and therapeutic initiatives. Life Sci 2021; 276:119322. [PMID: 33711386 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ATAD2 is a promising oncoprotein with tumor-promoting functions in many cancers. It is a valid cancer drug-target and a potential cancer-biomarker for multiple malignancies. As a cancer/testis antigen (CTA), ATAD2 could also be a probable candidate for immunotherapy. It is a unique CTA that belongs to both AAA+ ATPase and bromodomain family proteins. Since 2007, several research groups have been reported on the pleiotropic oncogenic functions of ATAD2 in diverse signaling pathways, including Rb/E2F-cMyc pathway, steroid hormone signaling pathway, p53 and p38-MAPK-mediated apoptotic pathway, AKT pathway, hedgehog signaling pathway, HIF1α signaling pathway, and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) pathway in various cancers. In all these pathways, ATAD2 participates in chromatin dynamics, DNA replication, and gene transcription, demonstrating its role as an epigenetic reader and transcription factor or coactivator to promote tumorigenesis. However, despite the progress, an overall mechanism of ATAD2-mediated oncogenesis in diverse origin is elusive. In this review, we summarize the accumulated evidence to envision the overall ATAD2 signaling networks during carcinogenesis and highlight the area where missing links await further research. Besides, the structure-function aspect of ATAD2 is also discussed. Since the efforts have already been initiated to explore targeted drug molecules and RNA-based therapeutic alternatives against ATAD2, their potency and prospects have been elucidated. Together, we believe this is a well-rounded review on ATAD2, facilitating a new drift in ATAD2 research, essential for its clinical implication as a biomarker and/or cancer drug-target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Nayak
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Madhuri Dutta
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Anasuya Roychowdhury
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India.
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9
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Yao D, Zhang J, Wang J, Pan D, He Z. Discovery of novel ATAD2 bromodomain inhibitors that trigger apoptosis and autophagy in breast cells by structure-based virtual screening. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:713-725. [PMID: 32174193 PMCID: PMC7144325 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1740924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ATAD2 has been reported to play an important role in the processes of numerous cancers and validated to be a potential therapeutic target. This work is to discover potent ATAD2 inhibitors and elucidate the underlying mechanisms in breast cancer. A novel ATAD2 bromodomain inhibitor (AM879) was discovered by combining structure-based virtual screening with biochemical analyses. AM879 presents potent inhibitory activity towards ATAD2 bromodomain (IC50 = 3565 nM), presenting no inhibitory activity against BRD2-4. Moreover, AM879 inhibited MDA-MB-231 cells proliferation with IC50 value of 2.43 µM, suppressed the expression of c-Myc, and induced significant apoptosis. Additionally, AM978 could induce autophagy via PI3K-AKT-mTOR signalling in MDA-MB-231 cells. This study demonstrates the development of potent ATAD2 inhibitors with novel scaffolds for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahong Yao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Human Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural small molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural small molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Shenzhen Honghui Bio-Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Dabo Pan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhendan He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Human Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural small molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural small molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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10
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Dolbois A, Batiste L, Wiedmer L, Dong J, Brütsch M, Huang D, Deerain NM, Spiliotopoulos D, Cheng-Sánchez I, Laul E, Nevado C, Śledź P, Caflisch A. Hitting a Moving Target: Simulation and Crystallography Study of ATAD2 Bromodomain Blockers. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1573-1580. [PMID: 32832026 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecule ligand binding to the ATAD2 bromodomain is investigated here through the synergistic combination of molecular dynamics and protein crystallography. A previously unexplored conformation of the binding pocket upon rearrangement of the gatekeeper residue Ile1074 has been found. Further, our investigations reveal how minor structural differences in the ligands result in binding with different plasticity of the ZA loop for this difficult-to-drug bromodomain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Dolbois
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Batiste
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lars Wiedmer
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Brütsch
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Danzhi Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas M Deerain
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Spiliotopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Iván Cheng-Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eleen Laul
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paweł Śledź
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amedeo Caflisch
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Schiedel M, Moroglu M, Ascough DMH, Chamberlain AER, Kamps JJAG, Sekirnik AR, Conway SJ. Chemical Epigenetics: The Impact of Chemical and Chemical Biology Techniques on Bromodomain Target Validation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17930-17952. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schiedel
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Mustafa Moroglu
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - David M. H. Ascough
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Anna E. R. Chamberlain
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Jos J. A. G. Kamps
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Angelina R. Sekirnik
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Stuart J. Conway
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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12
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Schiedel M, Moroglu M, Ascough DMH, Chamberlain AER, Kamps JJAG, Sekirnik AR, Conway SJ. Chemische Epigenetik: der Einfluss chemischer und chemo‐biologischer Techniken auf die Zielstruktur‐Validierung von Bromodomänen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schiedel
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - Mustafa Moroglu
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - David M. H. Ascough
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - Anna E. R. Chamberlain
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - Jos J. A. G. Kamps
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - Angelina R. Sekirnik
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - Stuart J. Conway
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
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Jarvis A, Ouvry G. Essential ingredients for rational drug design. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126674. [PMID: 31521476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This short review focuses on three aspects of rational drug design that we consider of utmost importance: the conformation of small molecules in solid form, the conformation of small molecules in solution and lesser studied interactions in protein-ligand complexes. Using examples from recent literature, we will illustrate these different aspects and how they have contributed to the discovery of potent modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Jarvis
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd., 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, United Kingdom
| | - Gilles Ouvry
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd., 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, United Kingdom.
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14
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Bamborough P, Chung CW, Demont EH, Bridges AM, Craggs PD, Dixon DP, Francis P, Furze RC, Grandi P, Jones EJ, Karamshi B, Locke K, Lucas SCC, Michon AM, Mitchell DJ, Pogány P, Prinjha RK, Rau C, Roa AM, Roberts AD, Sheppard RJ, Watson RJ. A Qualified Success: Discovery of a New Series of ATAD2 Bromodomain Inhibitors with a Novel Binding Mode Using High-Throughput Screening and Hit Qualification. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7506-7525. [PMID: 31398032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The bromodomain of ATAD2 has proved to be one of the least-tractable proteins within this target class. Here, we describe the discovery of a new class of inhibitors by high-throughput screening and show how the difficulties encountered in establishing a screening triage capable of finding progressible hits were overcome by data-driven optimization. Despite the prevalence of nonspecific hits and an exceptionally low progressible hit rate (0.001%), our optimized hit qualification strategy employing orthogonal biophysical methods enabled us to identify a single active series. The compounds have a novel ATAD2 binding mode with noncanonical features including the displacement of all conserved water molecules within the active site and a halogen-bonding interaction. In addition to reporting this new series and preliminary structure-activity relationship, we demonstrate the value of diversity screening to complement the knowledge-based approach used in our previous ATAD2 work. We also exemplify tactics that can increase the chance of success when seeking new chemical starting points for novel and less-tractable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paola Grandi
- Cellzome , Meyerhofstrasse 1 , Heidelberg 69117 , Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christina Rau
- Cellzome , Meyerhofstrasse 1 , Heidelberg 69117 , Germany
| | - Ana Maria Roa
- GlaxoSmithKline Tres Cantos , 28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid , Spain
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15
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Clegg MA, Tomkinson NCO, Prinjha RK, Humphreys PG. Advancements in the Development of non-BET Bromodomain Chemical Probes. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:362-385. [PMID: 30624862 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The bromodomain and extra terminal (BET) family of bromodomain-containing proteins (BCPs) have been the subject of extensive research over the past decade, resulting in a plethora of high-quality chemical probes for their tandem bromodomains. In turn, these chemical probes have helped reveal the profound biological role of the BET bromodomains and their role in disease, ultimately leading to a number of molecules in active clinical development. However, the BET subfamily represents just 8/61 of the known human bromodomains, and attention has now expanded to the biological role of the remaining 53 non-BET bromodomains. Rapid growth of this research area has been accompanied by a greater understanding of the requirements for an effective bromodomain chemical probe and has led to a number of new non-BET bromodomain chemical probes being developed. Advances since December 2015 are discussed, highlighting the strengths/caveats of each molecule, and the value they add toward validating the non-BET bromodomains as tractable therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Clegg
- Epigenetics Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK.,WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Thomas Graham Building, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Nicholas C O Tomkinson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Thomas Graham Building, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Rab K Prinjha
- Epigenetics Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Philip G Humphreys
- Epigenetics Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
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