1
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Thomas JD, Yurkovetskiy AV, Yin M, Bodyak ND, Tang S, Protopopova M, Kelleher E, Jones B, Yang L, Custar D, Catcott KC, Demady DR, Collins SD, Xu L, Bu C, Qin L, Ter-Ovanesyan E, Damelin M, Toader D, Lowinger TB. Development of a Novel DNA Mono-alkylator Platform for Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:541-551. [PMID: 38354416 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Although microtubule inhibitors (MTI) remain a therapeutically valuable payload option for antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), some cancers do not respond to MTI-based ADCs. Efforts to fill this therapeutic gap have led to a recent expansion of the ADC payload "toolbox" to include payloads with novel mechanisms of action such as topoisomerase inhibition and DNA cross-linking. We present here the development of a novel DNA mono-alkylator ADC platform that exhibits sustained tumor growth suppression at single doses in MTI-resistant tumors and is well tolerated in the rat upon repeat dosing. A phosphoramidate prodrug of the payload enables low ADC aggregation even at drug-to-antibody ratios of 5:1 while still delivering a bystander-capable payload that is effective in multidrug resistant (MDR)-overexpressing cell lines. The platform was comparable in xenograft studies to the clinical benchmark DNA mono-alkylator ADC platform DGN459 but with a significantly better tolerability profile in rats. Thus, the activity and tolerability profile of this new platform make it a viable option for the development of ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mao Yin
- Formerly Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Shuyi Tang
- Formerly Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Brian Jones
- Formerly Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Liping Yang
- Formerly Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Custar
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Damon R Demady
- Formerly Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ling Xu
- Formerly Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Charlie Bu
- Formerly Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - LiuLiang Qin
- Formerly Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Marc Damelin
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Dorin Toader
- Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
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2
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Lu N, Wu J, Tian M, Zhang S, Li Z, Shi L. Comprehensive review on the elaboration of payloads derived from natural products for antibody-drug conjugates. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116233. [PMID: 38408390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have arisen as a promising class of biotherapeutics for targeted cancer treatment, combining the specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the cytotoxicity of small-molecule drugs. The choice of an appropriate payload is crucial for the success development of ADCs, as it determines the therapeutic efficacy and safety profile. This review focuses on payloads derived from natural products, including cytotoxic agents, DNA-damaging agents, and immunomodulators. These offer several advantages such as diverse chemical structures, unique mechanism of actions, and potential for improved therapeutic index. Challenges and opportunities associated with their development were highlighted. This review underscores the significance of natural product payloads in the elaboration of ADCs, which serves as a valuable resource for researchers involved in developing and optimizing next-generation ADCs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lu
- XDC Analytical Sciences, WuXi XDC Co., Ltd., 520 Fute North Road, Pilot Free Trade Zone, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- XDC Analytical Sciences, WuXi XDC Co., Ltd., 520 Fute North Road, Pilot Free Trade Zone, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Mengwei Tian
- XDC Analytical Sciences, WuXi XDC Co., Ltd., 520 Fute North Road, Pilot Free Trade Zone, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- XDC Analytical Sciences, WuXi XDC Co., Ltd., 520 Fute North Road, Pilot Free Trade Zone, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200131, China.
| | - Zhiguo Li
- XDC Analytical Sciences, WuXi XDC Co., Ltd., 520 Fute North Road, Pilot Free Trade Zone, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200131, China.
| | - Liming Shi
- XDC Analytical Sciences, WuXi XDC Co., Ltd., 520 Fute North Road, Pilot Free Trade Zone, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200131, China.
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3
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Wang Z, Li H, Gou L, Li W, Wang Y. Antibody-drug conjugates: Recent advances in payloads. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4025-4059. [PMID: 37799390 PMCID: PMC10547921 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs), which combine the advantages of monoclonal antibodies with precise targeting and payloads with efficient killing, show great clinical therapeutic value. The ADCs' payloads play a key role in determining the efficacy of ADC drugs and thus have attracted great attention in the field. An ideal ADC payload should possess sufficient toxicity, low immunogenicity, high stability, and modifiable functional groups. Common ADC payloads include tubulin inhibitors and DNA damaging agents, with tubulin inhibitors accounting for more than half of the ADC drugs in clinical development. However, due to clinical limitations of traditional ADC payloads, such as inadequate efficacy and the development of acquired drug resistance, novel highly efficient payloads with diverse targets and reduced side effects are being developed. This perspective summarizes the recent research advances of traditional and novel ADC payloads with main focuses on the structure-activity relationship studies, co-crystal structures, and designing strategies, and further discusses the future research directions of ADC payloads. This review also aims to provide valuable references and future directions for the development of novel ADC payloads that will have high efficacy, low toxicity, adequate stability, and abilities to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu 610212, China
| | - Hanxuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Lantu Gou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu 610212, China
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4
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Joseph AM, Nahar K, Daw S, Hasan MM, Lo R, Le TBK, Rahman KM, Badrinarayanan A. Mechanistic insight into the repair of C8-linked pyrrolobenzodiazepine monomer-mediated DNA damage. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1621-1633. [PMID: 36561066 PMCID: PMC9749960 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00194b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs) are naturally occurring DNA binding compounds that possess anti-tumor and anti-bacterial activity. Chemical modifications of PBDs can result in improved DNA binding, sequence specificity and enhanced efficacy. More recently, synthetic PBD monomers have shown promise as payloads for antibody drug conjugates and anti-bacterial agents. The precise mechanism of action of these PBD monomers and their role in causing DNA damage remains to be elucidated. Here we characterized the damage-inducing potential of two C8-linked PBD bi-aryl monomers in Caulobacter crescentus and investigated the strategies employed by cells to repair the same. We show that these compounds cause DNA damage and efficiently kill bacteria, in a manner comparable to the extensively used DNA cross-linking agent mitomycin-C (MMC). However, in stark contrast to MMC which employs a mutagenic lesion tolerance pathway, we implicate essential functions for error-free mechanisms in repairing PBD monomer-mediated damage. We find that survival is severely compromised in cells lacking nucleotide excision repair and to a lesser extent, in cells with impaired recombination-based repair. Loss of nucleotide excision repair leads to significant increase in double-strand breaks, underscoring the critical role of this pathway in mediating repair of PBD-induced DNA lesions. Together, our study provides comprehensive insights into how mono-alkylating DNA-targeting therapeutic compounds like PBD monomers challenge cell growth, and identifies the specific mechanisms employed by the cell to counter the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Mary Joseph
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research) Bangalore India
| | - Kazi Nahar
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street London SE1 9NH UK
| | - Saheli Daw
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research) Bangalore India
| | - Md Mahbub Hasan
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street London SE1 9NH UK
| | - Rebecca Lo
- John Innes Centre, Department of Molecular Microbiology Colney Lane Norwich NR4 7UH UK
| | - Tung B K Le
- John Innes Centre, Department of Molecular Microbiology Colney Lane Norwich NR4 7UH UK
| | - Khondaker Miraz Rahman
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street London SE1 9NH UK
| | - Anjana Badrinarayanan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research) Bangalore India
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5
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Covalent DNA Binding Is Essential for Gram-Negative Antibacterial Activity of Broad Spectrum Pyrrolobenzodiazepines. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121770. [PMID: 36551427 PMCID: PMC9774941 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is urgent to find new antibiotic classes against multidrug-resistant bacteria as the rate of discovery of new classes of antibiotics has been very slow in the last 50 years. Recently, pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs) with a C8-linked aliphatic-heterocycle have been identified as a new broad-spectrum antibiotic class with activity against Gram-negative bacteria. The active imine moiety of the reported lead pyrrolobenzodiazepine compounds was replaced with amide to obtain the non-DNA binding and noncytotoxic dilactam analogues to understand the structure-activity relationship further and improve the safety potential of this class. The synthesised compounds were tested against panels of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including WHO priority pathogens. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for the dilactam analogues ranged from 4 to 32 mg/L for MDR Gram-positive bacteria, compared to 0.03 to 2 mg/L for the corresponding imine analogues. At the same time, they were found to be inactive against MDR Gram-negative bacteria, with a MIC > 32 mg/L, compared to a MIC of 0.5 to 32 mg/L for imine analogues. A molecular modelling study suggests that the lack of imine functionality also affects the interaction of PBDs with DNA gyrase. This study suggests that the presence of N10-C11 imine moiety is crucial for the broad-spectrum activity of pyrrolobenzodiazepines.
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6
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Shao R, Zhao H, Ding S, Li L, Chen C, Wang J, Shang Y. Silver-promoted dearomative [3+4] cycloaddition of anthranils with α-isocyanoacetates: access to benzodiazepines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4771-4774. [PMID: 35343523 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00807f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first example of silver-promoted [3+4] cycloaddition of α-isocyanoacetates with anthranils as aromatic Michael accepters, offering access to benzo[d][1,3]diazepinones, has been developed. Mechanistic studies revealed that an "oxygen migration" rearrangement process was involved in this dearomative cycloaddition reaction. Additionally, benzo[d][1,3]diazepinones were obtained efficiently as well under catalytic conditions. Broad functional groups were well tolerated under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China.
| | - Haixia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China.
| | - Shumin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China.
| | - Lianjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China.
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China.
| | - Yongjia Shang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China.
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7
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Fang F, Hu S, Li C, Wang Q, Wang R, Han X, Zhou Y, Liu H. Catalytic System‐Controlled Divergent Reaction Strategies for the Construction of Diversified Spiropyrazolone Skeletons from Pyrazolidinones and Diazopyrazolones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tong Jia Xiang Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Shulei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tong Jia Xiang Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Chunpu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Run Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Xu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tong Jia Xiang Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou 310024 China
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8
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Fang F, Hu S, Li C, Wang Q, Wang R, Han X, Zhou Y, Liu H. Catalytic System-Controlled Divergent Reaction Strategies for the Construction of Diversified Spiropyrazolone Skeletons from Pyrazolidinones and Diazopyrazolones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21327-21333. [PMID: 34180572 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic system-controlled divergent reaction strategy was here reported to construct four types of intriguing spiroheterocyclic skeletons from simple and readily available starting materials via a precise chemical bond activation/[n+1] annulation cascade. The tetraazaspiroheterocyclic and trizazspiroheterocyclic scaffolds could be independently constructed by a selective N-N bond activation/[n+1] annulation cascade, a C(sp2 )-H activation/[4+1] annulation and a novel tandem C(sp2 )-H/C(sp3 )-H bond activation/[4+1] annulation strategy, along with a broad scope of substrates, moderate to excellent yields and valuable transformations. More importantly, in these transformations, we are the first time to capture a N-N bond activation and a C(sp3 )-H bond activation of pyrazolidinones under different catalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Shulei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Chunpu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Run Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Xu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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9
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Slusarczyk M, Serpi M, Ghazaly E, Kariuki BM, McGuigan C, Pepper C. Single Diastereomers of the Clinical Anticancer ProTide Agents NUC-1031 and NUC-3373 Preferentially Target Cancer Stem Cells In Vitro. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8179-8193. [PMID: 34085825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 3'-protected route toward the synthesis of the diastereomers of clinically active ProTides, NUC-1031 and NUC-3373, is described. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of the individual diastereomers were found to be similar to their diastereomeric mixtures. In the KG1a cell line, NUC-1031 and NUC-3373 have preferential cytotoxic effects on leukemic stem cells (LSCs). These effects were not diastereomer-specific and were not observed with the parental nucleoside analogues gemcitabine and FUDR, respectively. In addition, NUC-1031 preferentially targeted LSCs in primary AML samples and cancer stem cells in the prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP. Although the mechanism for this remains incompletely resolved, NUC-1031-treated cells showed increased levels of triphosphate in both LSC and bulk tumor fractions. As ProTides are not dependent on nucleoside transporters, it seems possible that the LSC targeting observed with ProTides may be caused, at least in part, by preferential accumulation of metabolized nucleos(t)ide analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Slusarczyk
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Redwood Building, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Michaela Serpi
- Cardiff University, School of Chemistry, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Essam Ghazaly
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, U.K
| | - Benson M Kariuki
- Cardiff University, School of Chemistry, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Christopher McGuigan
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Redwood Building, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Chris Pepper
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Medical Teaching Building, Brighton BN1 9PX, U.K
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10
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Baah S, Laws M, Rahman KM. Antibody-Drug Conjugates-A Tutorial Review. Molecules 2021; 26:2943. [PMID: 34063364 PMCID: PMC8156828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a family of targeted therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. ADC development is a rapidly expanding field of research, with over 80 ADCs currently in clinical development and eleven ADCs (nine containing small-molecule payloads and two with biological toxins) approved for use by the FDA. Compared to traditional small-molecule approaches, ADCs offer enhanced targeting of cancer cells along with reduced toxic side effects, making them an attractive prospect in the field of oncology. To this end, this tutorial review aims to serve as a reference material for ADCs and give readers a comprehensive understanding of ADCs; it explores and explains each ADC component (monoclonal antibody, linker moiety and cytotoxic payload) individually, highlights several EMA- and FDA-approved ADCs by way of case studies and offers a brief future perspective on the field of ADC research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Khondaker Miraz Rahman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; (S.B.); (M.L.)
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11
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Song X, Zhou Q, Zhao J, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Zhang X, Fan X. Synthesis of 1,3-Benzodiazepines through [5 + 2] Annulation of N-Aryl Amidines with Propargylic Esters. Org Lett 2020; 22:9506-9512. [PMID: 33258365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, an efficient synthesis of functionalized 1,3-benzodiazepines through an unprecedented [5 + 2] annulation of N-aryl amidines with propargylic esters is presented. The reactions proceed through Rh(III)-catalyzed C(sp2)-H alkenylation followed by annulation and deacetoxylation along with cascade C-H/N-H/C-O bond cleavage and C-C/C-N bond formation. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of selected products against several human cancer cell lines was tested, which demonstrated their good potential for pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Song
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control and Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Qianting Zhou
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control and Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control and Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yuqin Jiang
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control and Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control and Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control and Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control and Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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12
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Picconi P, Hind CK, Nahar KS, Jamshidi S, Di Maggio L, Saeed N, Evans B, Solomons J, Wand ME, Sutton JM, Rahman KM. New Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics Containing a Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Ring with Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6941-6958. [PMID: 32515951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is urgent to find new antibiotic classes with activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens as the pipeline of antibiotics is essentially empty. Modified pyrrolobenzodiazepines with a C8-linked aliphatic heterocycle provide a new class of broad-spectrum antibacterial agents with activity against MDR Gram-negative bacteria, including WHO priority pathogens. The structure-activity relationship established that the third ring was particularly important for Gram-negative activity. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for the lead compounds ranged from 0.125 to 2 mg/L for MDR Gram-negative, excluding Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and between 0.03 and 1 mg/L for MDR Gram-positive species. The lead compounds were rapidly bactericidal with >5 log reduction in viable count within 4 h for Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The lead compound inhibited DNA gyrase in gel-based assays, with an IC50 of 3.16 ± 1.36 mg/L. This study provides a new chemical scaffold for developing novel broad-spectrum antibiotics which can help replenish the pipeline of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Picconi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Charlotte K Hind
- National Infections Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, U.K
| | - Kazi S Nahar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Shirin Jamshidi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Lucia Di Maggio
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Naima Saeed
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Bonnie Evans
- National Infections Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, U.K
| | - Jessica Solomons
- National Infections Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, U.K
| | - Matthew E Wand
- National Infections Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, U.K
| | - J Mark Sutton
- National Infections Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, U.K
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13
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Chen L, He J. DABCO-Catalyzed Michael/Alkylation Cascade Reactions Involving α-Substituted Ammonium Ylides for the Construction of Spirocyclopropyl Oxindoles: Access to the Powerful Chemical Leads against HIV-1. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5203-5219. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Jin He
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
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14
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Ferguson L, Bhakta S, Fox KR, Wells G, Brucoli F. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Novel C8-Pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) Adenosine Conjugate. A Study on the Role of the PBD Ring in the Biological Activity of PBD-Conjugates. Molecules 2020; 25:E1243. [PMID: 32164166 PMCID: PMC7179398 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we sought to evaluate the contribution of the PBD unit to the biological activity of PBD-conjugates and, to this end, an adenosine nucleoside was attached to the PBD A-ring C8 position. A convergent approach was successfully adopted for the synthesis of a novel C8-linked pyrrolo(2,1-c)(1,4)benzodiazepine(PBD)-adenosine(ADN) hybrid. The PBD and adenosine (ADN) moieties were synthesized separately and then linked through a pentynyl linker. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a PBD connected to a nucleoside. Surprisingly, the compound showed no cytotoxicity against murine cells and was inactive against Mycobacterium aurum and M. bovis strains and did not bind to guanine-containing DNA sequences, as shown by DNase I footprinting experiments. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the PBD-ADN conjugate was poorly accommodated in the DNA minor groove of two DNA sequences containing the AGA-PBD binding motif, with the adenosine moiety of the ligand preventing the covalent binding of the PBD unit to the guanine amino group of the DNA duplex. These interesting findings shed further light on the ability of the substituents attached at the C8 position of PBDs to affect and modulate the biological and biophysical properties of PBD hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Ferguson
- School of Science, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland PA1 2BE, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Sanjib Bhakta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Keith R. Fox
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Geoff Wells
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Federico Brucoli
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
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15
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Sequential decarboxylative [3+2] cycloaddition and Staudinger/aza-Wittig reactions for diastereoselective synthesis of tetrahydro-pyrroloquinazolines and tetrahedro-pyrrolobenzodiazepines. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Zhang L, Xu Y, Zhang X, Zhang X, Fan X. Synthesis of pyrazolone fused benzodiazepines via Rh(iii)-catalyzed [4 + 3] annulation of 1-phenylpyrazolidinones with propargyl alcohols. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00657b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of pyrazolone fused benzodiazepines through an unprecedented regioselective [4 + 3] annulation of 1-phenylpyrazolidinones with propargyl alcohols via Rh(iii)-catalyzed redox-neutral C–H/N–H/C–O bond activation is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghua Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Yuanshuang Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Xuesen Fan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
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17
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Picconi P, Jeeves R, Moon CW, Jamshidi S, Nahar KS, Laws M, Bacon J, Rahman KM. Noncytotoxic Pyrrolobenzodiazepine-Ciprofloxacin Conjugate with Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:20873-20881. [PMID: 31867477 PMCID: PMC6921268 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of new antitubercular agents for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an urgent priority. Pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs) are a promising class of antibacterial agents that were initially discovered and isolated from a range of Streptomyces species. Recently, C8-linked PBD monomers have been shown to work by inhibiting DNA gyrase and have demonstrated activity against M. tuberculosis. However, both PBD monomers and dimers are toxic to eukaryotic cells, limiting their development as antibacterial agents. To eliminate the toxicity associated with PBDs and explore the effect of C8-modification with a known antibacterial agent with the same mechanism of action (i.e., ciprofloxacin, a gyrase inhibitor), we synthesized a C8-linked PBD-ciprofloxacin (PBD-CIP, 3) hybrid. The hybrid compound displayed minimum inhibitory concentration values of 0.4 or 2.1 μg/mL against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains, respectively. A molecular modeling study showed good interaction of compound 3 with wild-type M. tuberculosis DNA gyrase, suggesting gyrase inhibition as a possible mechanism of action. Compound 3 is a nontoxic combination hybrid that can be utilized as a new scaffold and further optimized to develop new antitubercular agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Picconi
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - Rose Jeeves
- TB
Research Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, U.K.
| | - Christopher William Moon
- TB
Research Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, U.K.
| | - Shirin Jamshidi
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - Kazi S. Nahar
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - Mark Laws
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - Joanna Bacon
- TB
Research Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, U.K.
- E-mail: . Tel: +44 (0) 1980 612100 (J.B.)
| | - Khondaker Miraz Rahman
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
- E-mail: . Tel: +44 (0) 207 848 1891 (K.M.R.)
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