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Netzer WJ, Sinha A, Ghias M, Chang E, Gindinova K, Mui E, Seo JS, Sinha SC. Stretching the structural envelope of imatinib to reduce β-amyloid production by modulating both β- and γ-secretase cleavages of APP. Front Chem 2024; 12:1381205. [PMID: 39439934 PMCID: PMC11493595 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1381205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that the anticancer drug imatinib mesylate (IMT, trade name: Gleevec) and a chemically distinct compound, DV2-103 (a kinase-inactive derivative of the potent Abl and Src kinase inhibitor, PD173955) lower Aβ levels at low micromolar concentrations primarily through a lysosome-dependent mechanism that renders APP less susceptible to proteolysis by BACE1 without directly inhibiting BACE1 enzymatic activity, or broadly inhibiting the processing of other BACE1 substrates. Additionally, IMT indirectly inhibits γ-secretase and stimulates autophagy, and thus may decrease Aβ levels through multiple pathways. In two recent studies we demonstrated similar effects on APP metabolism caused by derivatives of IMT and DV2-103. In the present study, we synthesized and tested radically altered IMT isomers (IMTi's) that possess medium structural similarity to IMT. Independent of structural similarity, these isomers manifest widely differing potencies in altering APP metabolism. These will enable us to choose the most potent isomers for further derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Netzer
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anjana Sinha
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mondana Ghias
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Emily Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Katherina Gindinova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Emily Mui
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ji-Seon Seo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Subhash C. Sinha
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
- Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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FDA-Approved Kinase Inhibitors in Preclinical and Clinical Trials for Neurological Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121546. [PMID: 36558997 PMCID: PMC9784968 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers and neurological disorders are two major types of diseases. We previously developed a new concept termed "Aberrant Cell Cycle Diseases" (ACCD), revealing that these two diseases share a common mechanism of aberrant cell cycle re-entry. The aberrant cell cycle re-entry is manifested as kinase/oncogene activation and tumor suppressor inactivation, which are hallmarks of both tumor growth in cancers and neuronal death in neurological disorders. Therefore, some cancer therapies (e.g., kinase inhibition, tumor suppressor elevation) can be leveraged for neurological treatments. The United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) has so far approved 74 kinase inhibitors, with numerous other kinase inhibitors in clinical trials, mostly for the treatment of cancers. In contrast, there are dire unmet needs of FDA-approved drugs for neurological treatments, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), ischemic stroke (IS), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and others. In this review, we list these 74 FDA-approved kinase-targeted drugs and identify those that have been reported in preclinical and/or clinical trials for neurological disorders, with a purpose of discussing the feasibility and applicability of leveraging these cancer drugs (FDA-approved kinase inhibitors) for neurological treatments.
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Saka R, Chella N, Khan W. Development of Imatinib Mesylate-Loaded Liposomes for Nose to Brain Delivery: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:192. [PMID: 34184160 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease require treatment where it is essential for drug to reach brain. Nose to brain delivery of drugs enables direct transport to brain bypassing blood brain barrier. Imatinib mesylate, an anti-cancer agent, was found to have potential anti-Alzheimer's activity and thus repurposed for the same. However, the drug has severe side effects, poor brain bioavailability which may hinder effective treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In the current work, imatinib mesylate-loaded liposomes were prepared with particle size below 150 nm with sustained drug release up to 96 h. The liposomal drug formulation was compared with plain drug solution for cytotoxicity on N2a cells and did not show any kind of toxicity at concentrations up to 25 μg/mL. The nanocarrier formulation was then evaluated for brain deposition by nose to brain administration in comparison with drug solution in rats. The liposomes effectively improved the brain deposition of drug in brain from formulation compared to pure drug solution as indicated by AUC from in vivo experiments. These results indicate that the nose to brain delivery of liposomal imatinib mesylate improved the drug deposition and residence time in brain compared to drug solution administered through oral and intranasal routes.
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Sinha A, Chang JC, Xu P, Gindinova K, Cho Y, Sun W, Wu X, Li YM, Greengard P, Kelly JW, Sinha SC. Brain Permeable Tafamidis Amide Analogs for Stabilizing TTR and Reducing APP Cleavage. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1973-1979. [PMID: 33062181 PMCID: PMC7549266 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tafamidis, 1, a potent transthyretin kinetic stabilizer, weakly inhibits the γ-secretase enzyme in vitro. We have synthesized four amide derivatives of 1. These compounds reduce production of the Aβ peptide in N2a695 cells but do not inhibit the γ-secretase enzyme in cell-free assays. By performing fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, we have shown that TTR inhibits Aβ oligomerization and that addition of tafamidis or its amide derivative does not affect TTR's ability to inhibit Aβ oligomerization. The piperazine amide derivative of tafamidis (1a) efficiently penetrates and accumulates in mouse brain and undergoes proteolysis under physiological conditions in mice to produce tafamidis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Sinha
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jerry C Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Peng Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Katherina Gindinova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Younhee Cho
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Weilin Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Xianzhong Wu
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Yue Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Paul Greengard
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Subhash C Sinha
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
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Sinha A, Gindinova K, Mui E, Netzer WJ, Sinha SC. Development of Kinase Inactive PD173955 Analogues for Reducing Production of Aβ Peptides. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1430-1435. [PMID: 31620229 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Compound 3a, DV2-103, is a kinase inactive analogue of a potent Abl1/Src kinase inhibitor, PD173955, 2. Both compounds, 2 and 3a, are known to reduce production of beta amyloid (Aβ) peptide in cells and animal models. We have now prepared and evaluated a series of PD-173955 analogues, several of which reduced Aβ production potently. This occurs in cells expressing human full-length amyloid precursor protein (APP) and not in cells expressing APP β-C terminal fragment (APP-C99), suggesting that the kinase inactive analogues strongly affect β-secretase (BACE1) cleavage of APP, similarly to Gleevec. A combination of the kinase inactive analogues of PD173955 with a BACE1 inhibitor (BACEi), namely, BACE IV, strongly reduced Aβ levels in cells, as noted previously with Gleevec and analogues. Several potent compounds also penetrated and accumulated in mouse brain in high nanomolar to low micromolar concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Sinha
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Katherina Gindinova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Emily Mui
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - William J. Netzer
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Subhash C. Sinha
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
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