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Torre D, Fstkchyan YS, Ho JSY, Cheon Y, Patel RS, Degrace EJ, Mzoughi S, Schwarz M, Mohammed K, Seo JS, Romero-Bueno R, Demircioglu D, Hasson D, Tang W, Mahajani SU, Campisi L, Zheng S, Song WS, Wang YC, Shah H, Francoeur N, Soto J, Salfati Z, Weirauch MT, Warburton P, Beaumont K, Smith ML, Mulder L, Villalta SA, Kessenbrock K, Jang C, Lee D, De Rubeis S, Cobos I, Tam O, Hammell MG, Seldin M, Shi Y, Basu U, Sebastiano V, Byun M, Sebra R, Rosenberg BR, Benner C, Guccione E, Marazzi I. Nuclear RNA catabolism controls endogenous retroviruses, gene expression asymmetry, and dedifferentiation. Mol Cell 2023; 83:4255-4271.e9. [PMID: 37995687 PMCID: PMC10842741 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are remnants of ancient parasitic infections and comprise sizable portions of most genomes. Although epigenetic mechanisms silence most ERVs by generating a repressive environment that prevents their expression (heterochromatin), little is known about mechanisms silencing ERVs residing in open regions of the genome (euchromatin). This is particularly important during embryonic development, where induction and repression of distinct classes of ERVs occur in short temporal windows. Here, we demonstrate that transcription-associated RNA degradation by the nuclear RNA exosome and Integrator is a regulatory mechanism that controls the productive transcription of most genes and many ERVs involved in preimplantation development. Disrupting nuclear RNA catabolism promotes dedifferentiation to a totipotent-like state characterized by defects in RNAPII elongation and decreased expression of long genes (gene-length asymmetry). Our results indicate that RNA catabolism is a core regulatory module of gene networks that safeguards RNAPII activity, ERV expression, cell identity, and developmental potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Torre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Center for OncoGenomics and Innovative Therapeutics (COGIT), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yesai S Fstkchyan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jessica Sook Yuin Ho
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Youngseo Cheon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Roosheel S Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Emma J Degrace
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Slim Mzoughi
- Center for OncoGenomics and Innovative Therapeutics (COGIT), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Megan Schwarz
- Center for OncoGenomics and Innovative Therapeutics (COGIT), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kevin Mohammed
- Center for OncoGenomics and Innovative Therapeutics (COGIT), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ji-Seon Seo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Raquel Romero-Bueno
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Deniz Demircioglu
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing (BiNGS) Shared Resource Facility, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dan Hasson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing (BiNGS) Shared Resource Facility, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Weijing Tang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sameehan U Mahajani
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Laura Campisi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Simin Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Won-Suk Song
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ying-Chih Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hardik Shah
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nancy Francoeur
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Juan Soto
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zelda Salfati
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Peter Warburton
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kristin Beaumont
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Melissa L Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Lubbertus Mulder
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - S Armando Villalta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kai Kessenbrock
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Daeyoup Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Silvia De Rubeis
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Inma Cobos
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Oliver Tam
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | | | - Marcus Seldin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yongsheng Shi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Uttiya Basu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Vittorio Sebastiano
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Minji Byun
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Brad R Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chris Benner
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Center for OncoGenomics and Innovative Therapeutics (COGIT), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Ivan Marazzi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Zhao N, Ho JSY, Meng F, Zheng S, Kurland AP, Tian L, Rea-Moreno M, Song X, Seo JS, Kaniskan HÜ, Te Velthuis AJW, Tortorella D, Chen YW, Johnson JR, Jin J, Marazzi I. Generation of host-directed and virus-specific antivirals using targeted protein degradation promoted by small molecules and viral RNA mimics. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1154-1169.e10. [PMID: 37339625 PMCID: PMC10528416 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD), as exemplified by proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC), is an emerging drug discovery platform. PROTAC molecules, which typically contain a target protein ligand linked to an E3 ligase ligand, recruit a target protein to the E3 ligase to induce its ubiquitination and degradation. Here, we applied PROTAC approaches to develop broad-spectrum antivirals targeting key host factors for many viruses and virus-specific antivirals targeting unique viral proteins. For host-directed antivirals, we identified a small-molecule degrader, FM-74-103, that elicits selective degradation of human GSPT1, a translation termination factor. FM-74-103-mediated GSPT1 degradation inhibits both RNA and DNA viruses. Among virus-specific antivirals, we developed viral RNA oligonucleotide-based bifunctional molecules (Destroyers). As a proof of principle, RNA mimics of viral promoter sequences were used as heterobifunctional molecules to recruit and target influenza viral polymerase for degradation. This work highlights the broad utility of TPD to rationally design and develop next-generation antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Sook Yuin Ho
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Fanye Meng
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Simin Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrew P Kurland
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lu Tian
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Martha Rea-Moreno
- Department of Otolaryngology, Master of Science in Biomedical Science Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Xiangyang Song
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ji-Seon Seo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - H Ümit Kaniskan
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Aartjan J W Te Velthuis
- Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Domenico Tortorella
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Institute for Airway Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Ivan Marazzi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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3
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Lee SH, Shim CY, Kin DY, Seo JS, Iksung CHO, Ha JW, Hong GR. Determinants of exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension in rheumatic mitral stenosis: a study with exercise stress and speckle tracking echocardiography. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Backgrounds
Exercise stress echocardiography is helpful in assessing hemodynamic consequence of mitral stenosis (MS) and in guiding treatment. Exercised-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) is result of severity of MS, but myocardial function of left ventricle and clinical factors can also have effect.
Purpose
We aimed to evaluate the associated factors with the pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) in exercise stress echocardiography through 2D, Doppler, and speckle tracking imaging in patients with rheumatic MS.
Methods
A total of 164 patients with rheumatic MS underwent a graded, symptom-limited, supine bicycle exercise with echocardiography. After exclusion of patients who had very severe MS (valve area <1.0 cm2), a history of surgery or recent percutaneous mitral valvotomy, combined significant aortic valve dysfunction, left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction <50%, we analyzed 113 patients (77.6% female; mean age, 56±9 years). Echocardiographic parameters at rest, each stage (25 watt increment every 3 minutes), and peak exercise were obtained. Exercised induced PH was defined as present if PASP >60 mmHg at peak exercise. LV global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) and left atrial (LA) strain were analyzed by software. The subjects were divided into 4 groups according to mean transmitral pressure gradient (MG) (15 mmHg) and PASP (60 mmHg) at peak exercise (Group 1, MG <15 mmHg and PASP <60 mmHg, n=29; Group 2, MG <15 mmHg and PASP ≥60 mmHg, n=9; Group 3, MG ≥15 mmHg and PASP <60 mmHg, n=23; Group 4, MG ≥15 mmHg and PASP ≥6 0mmHg, n=52).
Results
The mean mitral valve area was 1.30±0.23 cm2. PASP increased from 30.0±8.0 mmHg at rest to 61.0±14.8 mmHg at peak exercise, along with increase MG. 61 (53.9%) subjects had PASP>60 mmHg at peak exercise. Compared to group 1, group 2 had higher incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and significantly elevated PASP at baseline and impaired LV-GLS. However, there was no statical difference in LA strain between the two groups. In subjects with MG above 15 mmHg (Group 3 and 4), a similar trend was observed in occurrence of exercise-induced PH. On logistic multivariate regression, exercised induced PH was independently associated with female (HR: 5.35, 95% CI: 1.51–24.95; p=0.032), DM (HR: 10.05, 95% CI, 1.35–74.45; p=0.024), MG at peak exercise (HR: 1.17, 95% CI, 1.02–1.34; p=0.002), PASP at rest (HR: 1.17, 95% CI, 1.05–1.30; p=0.002), and LV-GLS (HR: 1.45, 95% CI, 1.09–1.91; p=0.009), but not with LA strain. The predictive value for exercised induced PH was highest when adding LV-GLS to the clinical factor (age, sex, DM) and echocardiographic parameters (Figure 1).
Conclusions
Exercised induced PH is affected by not only hemodynamic consequence of MS, but also myocardial function of left ventricle and clinical factors. Therefore, when determining the optimal timing of intervention based on exercise-induced PH in rheumatic MS patients, LV-GLS should be evaluated comprehensively along with MS characteristics.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Yonsei University College of Medicine
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - C Y Shim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - D Y Kin
- Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - J S Seo
- Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - C H O Iksung
- Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - J W Ha
- Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - G R Hong
- Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
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Seo JS, Svenningsson P. Modulation of Ion Channels and Receptors by p11 (S100A10). Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:487-497. [PMID: 32418644 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
p11 (S100A10, annexin II light chain, calpactin I light chain) is a multifunctional protein that forms a heterotetrameric complex with Annexin A2, particularly at cell membranes. p11, alone or together with Annexin A2, interacts with several ion channels and receptors and regulates their cellular localization and function. Altered levels of p11 are implicated in the pathophysiology of several forms of cancer, psychiatric disorders, and neurodegeneration. Via interactions with ion channels and receptors, p11 modulates therapeutic actions of drugs targeting brain disorders. By serving as a plasminogen receptor, p11 plays an important role in plasmin generation, fibrinolysis, angiogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Here, we review mechanisms whereby p11 regulates functions of ion channels and receptors in health and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Seon Seo
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Park SJ, Park J, Lee MJ, Seo JS, Ahn JY, Cho JW. Time series analysis of delta neutrophil index as the predictor of sepsis in patients with acute poisoning. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:86-94. [PMID: 31558056 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119878244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Delta neutrophil index (DNI), which reflects the fraction of immature granulocytes, is used to detect infection and sepsis from noninfectious conditions, but few studies have evaluated in the early stage of acute poisoning. This retrospective observational study was performed on acute poisoning patients who visited to the emergency department (ED) and were consecutively admitted in intensive care units over 18-month period. The serial DNI, conventional inflammatory biomarkers, and culture results were obtained in the ED and after admission. The outcomes were the identification of sepsis, bacteremia, and 30-day mortality. Of 166 patients (mean age, 56.0 years) in this cohort, 59 (35.5%) had sepsis and 29 (17.5%) had bacteremia. Initial and peak DNI fractions 24 h after ED admission were strong independent predictors of sepsis development. Analysis of the area under the curve according to multiple receiver operating characteristics showed that DNI had a higher capability to predict sepsis than other parameters (0.815 for DNI, 0.700 for procalcitonin, 0.681 for C-reactive protein, and 0.741 for white blood cell). Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, it was found that DNI was an independent predictor of sepsis (95% confidence interval (CI) of odds: 1.03-1.18) and bacteremia (95% CI: 1.01-1.14). Therefore, initial and serial measurement of DNI may serve as useful risk predictor for development of sepsis or bacteremia in acute poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - J Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - M J Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Seo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Ahn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - J W Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Jin J, Kim SN, Liu X, Zhang H, Zhang C, Seo JS, Kim Y, Sun T. miR-17-92 Cluster Regulates Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis, Anxiety, and Depression. Cell Rep 2016; 16:1653-1663. [PMID: 27477270 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that noncoding RNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), contribute to the pathogenesis of mood and anxiety disorders, although the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that altered levels of miR-17-92 in adult hippocampal neural progenitors have a significant impact on neurogenesis and anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in mice. miR-17-92 deletion in adult neural progenitors decreases neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, while its overexpression increases neurogenesis. miR-17-92 affects neurogenesis by regulating genes in the glucocorticoid pathway, especially serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible protein kinase-1 (Sgk1). miR-17-92 knockout mice show anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, whereas miR-17-92 overexpressing mice exhibit anxiolytic and antidepression-like behaviors. Furthermore, we show that miR-17-92 expression in the adult mouse hippocampus responds to chronic stress, and miR-17-92 rescues proliferation defects induced by corticosterone in hippocampal neural progenitors. Our study uncovers a crucial role for miR-17-92 in adult neural progenitors through regulation of neurogenesis and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghee Jin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cornell University Weill Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 60, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Seung-Nam Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cornell University Weill Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 60, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xuqing Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cornell University Weill Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 60, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Cornell University Weill Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ji-Seon Seo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cornell University Weill Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 60, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Seo JS, Choi J, Leem YH, Han PL. Rosmarinic Acid Alleviates Neurological Symptoms in the G93A-SOD1 Transgenic Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Exp Neurobiol 2015; 24:341-50. [PMID: 26713081 PMCID: PMC4688333 DOI: 10.5607/en.2015.24.4.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, resulting in paralysis of voluntary skeletal muscles and eventually death, usually within 2~3 years of symptom onset. The pathophysiology mechanism underlying ALS is not yet clearly understood. Moreover the available medication for treating ALS, riluzole, only modestly improves neurological symptoms and increases survival by a few months. Therefore, improved therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. In the present study, we investigated whether rosmarinic acid has a therapeutic potential to alleviate neurological deterioration in the G93A-SOD1 transgenic mouse model of ALS. Treatment of G93A-SOD1 transgenic mice with rosmarinic acid from 7 weeks of age at the dose of 400 mg/kg/day significantly extended survival, and relieved motor function deficits. Specifically, disease onset and symptom progression were delayed by more than one month. These symptomatic improvements were correlated with decreased oxidative stress and reduced neuronal loss in the ventral horns of G93A-SOD1 mice. These results support that rosmarinic acid is a potentially useful supplement for relieving ALS symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Seon Seo
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Juli Choi
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yea-Hyun Leem
- Department of Chemistry & Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea. ; Brain Disease Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Pyung-Lim Han
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea. ; Department of Chemistry & Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea. ; Brain Disease Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Kwak S, Huh N, Seo JS, Lee JE, Han PL, Jung MW. Role of dopamine D2 receptors in optimizing choice strategy in a dynamic and uncertain environment. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:368. [PMID: 25389395 PMCID: PMC4211411 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate roles of dopamine receptor subtypes in reward-based learning, we examined choice behavior of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-knockout (D1R-KO and D2R-KO, respectively) mice in an instrumental learning task with progressively increasing reversal frequency and a dynamic two-armed bandit task. Performance of D2R-KO mice was progressively impaired in the former as the frequency of reversal increased and profoundly impaired in the latter even with prolonged training, whereas D1R-KO mice showed relatively minor performance deficits. Choice behavior in the dynamic two-armed bandit task was well explained by a hybrid model including win-stay-lose-switch and reinforcement learning terms. A model-based analysis revealed increased win-stay, but impaired value updating and decreased value-dependent action selection in D2R-KO mice, which were detrimental to maximizing rewards in the dynamic two-armed bandit task. These results suggest an important role of dopamine D2 receptors in learning from past choice outcomes for rapid adjustment of choice behavior in a dynamic and uncertain environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinae Kwak
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science Daejeon, Korea ; Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute for Medical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon, Korea ; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon, Korea
| | - Namjung Huh
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science Daejeon, Korea ; Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute for Medical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Seo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University Seoul, Korea
| | - Pyung-Lim Han
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University Seoul, Korea
| | - Min W Jung
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science Daejeon, Korea ; Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute for Medical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon, Korea ; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon, Korea ; Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon, Korea
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Seo JS, Jeon EJ, Jung SH, Park MA, Kim NY. Pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin trihydrate in cultured olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 38:86-92. [PMID: 25229401 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The study was aimed at investigating the pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin trihydrate (AMOX) in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) following oral, intramuscular, and intravenous administration, using high-performance liquid chromatography following. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ), following oral administration of 40 and 80 mg/kg body weight (b.w.), AMOX was 1.14 (Tmax , 1.7 h) and 0.76 μg/mL (Tmax , 1.6 h), respectively. Intramuscular administration of 30 and 60 mg/kg of AMOX resulted in Cmax values of 4 and 4.3 μg/mL, respectively, with the corresponding Tmax values of 29 and 38 h. Intravenous administration of 6 mg/kg AMOX resulted in a Cmax of 9 μg/mL 2 h after administration. Following oral administration of 40 and 80 mg/kg AMOX, area under the curve (AUC) values were 52.257 and 41.219 μg/mL·h, respectively. Intramuscular 30 and 60 mg/kg doses resulted in AUC values of 370.274 and 453.655 μg/mL·h, respectively, while the AUC following intravenous administration was 86.274 μg/mL·h. AMOX bioavailability was calculated to be 9% and 3.6% following oral administration of 40 and 80 mg/kg, respectively, and the corresponding values following intramuscular administration were 86% and 53%. In conclusion, this study demonstrated high bioavailability of AMOX following oral administration in olive flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Seo
- Pathology Division, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI), Busan, Korea
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to find out whether the carpal indices measured on lateral radiographs with a slightly malpositioned wrist are the same as those measured in the true neutral position. Lateral radiographic views of 25 wrists were taken with 5° intervals from 20° of flexion to 20° of extension. Most carpal indices measured in the flexed or extended position were significantly different from the wrist in zero flexion-extension, except scapholunate angle at 5° of extension and scaphocapitate angle at 5° and 10° of flexion. Starting from the flexed position, there was an average of -4.0° change in radioscaphoid angle, -1.0° in scapholunate angle, -1.0° in scaphocapitate angle, +3.0° in radiolunate angle, and +2.0° in lunocapitate angle for each 5° of extension with linear trends. The results from this study suggest that even minimal degrees of flexion-extension can affect the measurements of carpal indices on lateral radiographs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Koh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Baek IS, Kim TK, Seo JS, Lee KW, Lee YA, Cho J, Gwag BJ, Han PL. AAD-2004 Attenuates Progressive Neuronal Loss in the Brain of Tg-betaCTF99/B6 Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease. Exp Neurobiol 2013; 22:31-7. [PMID: 23585720 PMCID: PMC3620456 DOI: 10.5607/en.2013.22.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that proceeds with the age-dependent neuronal loss, an irreversible event which causes severe cognitive and psychiatric devastations. In the present study, we investigated whether the compound, AAD-2004 [2-hydroxy-5-[2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-ethylaminobenzoic acid] which has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is beneficial for the brain of Tg-betaCTF99/B6 mice, a murine AD model that was recently developed to display age-dependent neuronal loss and neuritic atrophy in the brain. Administration of AAD-2004 in Tg-betaCTF99/B6 mice from 10 months to 18 months of age completely repressed the accumulation of lipid peroxidation in the brain. AAD-2004 markedly suppressed neuronal loss and neuritic atrophy, and partially reversed depleted expression of calbindin in the brain of Tg-beta-CTF99/B6. These results suggest that AAD-2004 affords neurodegeneration in the brain of AD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sun Baek
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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Kim TK, Lee JE, Park SK, Lee KW, Seo JS, Im JY, Kim ST, Lee JY, Kim YH, Lee JK, Han PL. Analysis of differential plaque depositions in the brains of Tg2576 and Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer disease. Exp Mol Med 2013; 44:492-502. [PMID: 22644036 PMCID: PMC3429813 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2012.44.8.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate assessment of plaque deposition levels in the brain of mouse models of Alzheimer disease (AD) is required in many core issues of studies on AD, including studies on the mechanisms underlying plaque pathogenesis, identification of cellular factors modifying plaque pathology, and developments of anti-AD drugs. The present study was undertaken to quantitatively evaluate plaque deposition patterns in the brains of the two popular AD models, Tg2576 and Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Coronally-cut brain sections of Tg2576 and Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9 mice were prepared and plaque depositions were visualized by staining with anti-amyloid β peptides antibody. Microscopic images of plaque depositions in the prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, piriform cortex and hippocampus were obtained and the number of plaques in each region was determined by a computer-aided image analysis method. A series of optical images representing a gradual increase of plaque deposition levels were selected in the four different brain regions and were assigned in each with a numerical grade of 1-6, where +1 was lowest and +6, highest, so that plaques per unit in mm2 increased "sigmoidally" over the grading scales. Analyzing plaque depositions using the photographic plaque reference panels and a computer-aid image analysis method, it was demonstrated that the brains of Tg2576 mice started to accumulate predominantly small plaques, while the brains of Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9 mice deposited relatively large plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Kyung Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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Seo JS, Jamieson K, Cosgrove V, Gwizdowski IS, Yang H, Sheehan DV, McElroy SL, Suppes T. Characteristics of responders and non-responders to risperidone monotherapy or placebo in co-occurring bipolar disorder and anxiety disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2011; 28:190-6. [PMID: 22130178 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical characteristics predicting response and remission to psychopharmacological treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) and co-occurring anxiety disorders have been understudied. We hypothesized that non-response to risperidone or placebo in individuals with co-occurring BD and anxiety symptoms would be associated with a more severe clinical course of BD, and certain demographic variables. This study was a secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, parallel, 8-week study comparing risperidone monotherapy and placebo in individuals with BD plus current panic disorder, current generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), or lifetime panic disorder (n=111) [31]. We compared clinical characteristics of responders (50% improvement on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale [HAM-A]) and non-responders as well as remitters (HAM-A<7) and non-remitters in risperidone treatment (n=54) and placebo (n=57) groups. For non-responders in the risperidone group, co-occurring lifetime panic disorder was significantly more common than for non-responders in the placebo group. Apart from this, no significant differences in course of illness or demographics were found either between or across groups for patients with BD and co-occurring anxiety symptoms receiving risperidone or placebo in this acute phase study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Seo
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801, Miranda Avenue (151T), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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Lee WJ, Chong S, Seo JS, Shim HJ. Transthoracic fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the lungs using a C-arm cone-beam CT system: diagnostic accuracy and post-procedural complications. Br J Radiol 2011; 85:e217-22. [PMID: 22010033 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/64727750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of transthoracic fine-needle aspiration biopsy (TFNAB) using a C-arm cone-beam CT (CBCT) system and to assess risk factors for immediate post-procedural complications in patients with lung lesions. METHODS From October 2007 to April 2009, 94 TFNAB procedures using a C-arm system were studied in 91 patients with pulmonary lesions a chest CT scans. We retrospectively reviewed the patients' radiological and histopathological findings. We evaluated the lesion size, lesion abutted to pleura and presence or absence of emphysema along the needle path, lesion depth, visibility of target lesion and patient's position. Pneumothorax and pulmonary haemorrhage were assessed after TFNAB. Overall diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were analysed. RESULTS In 94 TFNAB procedures, 58 lesions were malignant and 36 were benign. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and overall diagnostic accuracy rate of TFNAB were 93.1%, 100%, 100%, 90% and 97.9%, respectively. Pneumothorax was developed in 24 procedures. None of the parameters showed significant impact on the frequency of the pneumothorax. Overall haemorrhage occurred in 43 procedures. The incidence of overall haemorrhage was higher in patients with smaller lesions, longer pleural distance and pleural abutted lesions (p<0.05). Differences in visibility at projection radiographs were statistically significant between patients with or without perilesional haemorrhage (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Transthoracic fine-needle aspiration biopsy using a C-arm CBCT system is feasible for imaging guidance of lung lesion and early detection of the procedural-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Lee
- Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University Medical Center, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul Republic of Korea
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Seo JS, Lee KW, Kim TK, Baek IS, Im JY, Han PL. Behavioral stress causes mitochondrial dysfunction via ABAD up-regulation and aggravates plaque pathology in the brain of a mouse model of Alzheimer disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:1526-35. [PMID: 21382475 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Basic and clinical studies have reported that behavioral stress worsens the pathology of Alzheimer disease (AD), but the underlying mechanism has not been clearly understood. In this study, we determined the mechanism by which behavioral stress affects the pathogenesis of AD using Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9 mice, a murine model of AD. Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9 mice that were restrained for 2h daily for 16 consecutive days (2-h/16-day stress) from 6.5months of age had significantly increased Aβ(1-42) levels and plaque deposition in the brain. The 2-h/16-day stress increased oxidative stress and induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain. Treatment with glucocorticoid (corticosterone) and Aβ in SH-SY5Y cells increased the expression of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (ABAD), mitochondrial dysfunction, and levels of ROS, whereas blockade of ABAD expression by siRNA-ABAD in SH-SY5Y cells suppressed glucocorticoid-enhanced mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS accumulation. The 2-h/16-day stress up-regulated ABAD expression in mitochondria in the brain of Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Moreover, all visible Aβ plaques were costained with anti-ABAD in the brains of Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Together, these results suggest that behavioral stress aggravates plaque pathology and mitochondrial dysfunction via up-regulation of ABAD in the brain of a mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Seon Seo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Women's University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
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Seo JS, Leem YH, Lee KW, Kim SW, Lee JK, Han PL. Severe motor neuron degeneration in the spinal cord of the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2010; 21:263-76. [PMID: 20421695 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2010-091528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The transgenic mouse Tg2576 is widely used as a murine model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and exhibits plaque pathogenesis in the brain and progressive memory impairments. Here we report that Tg2576 mice also have severe spinal cord deficits. At 10 months of age, Tg2576 mice showed a severe defect in the hindlimb extension reflex test and abnormal body trembling and hindlimb tremors when suspended by the tail. The frequency and severity of these abnormalities were overt at 10 months of age and became gradually worsened. On the foot-printing analysis, Tg2576 mice had shorter and narrower strides than the non-transgenic control. Histological analyses showed that neuronal cells including cholinergic neurons in the lumbar cord of Tg2576 mice were severely reduced in number. At 16 months of age, Tg2576 mice showed high levels of amyloid-beta accumulation in the spinal cord. Consistent with this, Tg2576 mice showed that lipid peroxidation levels were increased and mitochondrial metabolic activity were significantly reduced in the spinal cord. Administration of curcumin, a natural compound that has antioxidant properties, notably reversed motor function deficits of Tg2576 mice. The enhanced lipid peroxidation and neuronal loss in the lumbar cord was also partially suppressed by curcumin. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that the sciatic nerve fibers were severely reduced in number and were demyelinated in Tg2576 mice, which were partially rescued by curcumin. These results showed that Tg2576 mice display severe degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord and associated motor function deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Seon Seo
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Seo JS, Baek IS, Leem YH, Kim TK, Cho Y, Lee SM, Park YH, Han PL. SK-PC-B70M alleviates neurologic symptoms in G93A-SOD1 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice. Brain Res 2010; 1368:299-307. [PMID: 20971081 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 10/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SK-PC-B70M, an oleanolic-glycoside saponins fraction extracted from the root of Pulsatilla koreana, carries active ingredient(s) that protects the cytotoxicity induced by Aβ(1-42) in SK-N-SH cells. It was recently demonstrated that SK-PC-B70M improved scopolamine-induced deficits of memory consolidation and spatial working memory in rats, and reduced Aβ levels and plaque deposition in the brains of the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer disease. In the present study, we investigated whether SK-PC-B70M produces helpful effects on the pathology of the G93A-SOD1 transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Administration of SK-PC-B70M (100 or 400 mg/kg/day) from 8 weeks to 16 weeks of age attenuated neurological deficits of G93A-SOD1 mice in several motor-function-related behavioral tests. SK-PC-B70M treatment significantly suppressed the accumulation of the by-products of lipid peroxidation, malonedialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), in the spinal cord of G93A-SOD1 mice. Moreover, histologic analysis stained with cresyl violet or anti-choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) revealed that SK-PC-B70M suppressed neuronal loss in the ventral horn of the spinal cords of G93A-SOD1 mice. These results suggest that SK-PC-B70M affords a beneficial effect on neurologic deficits of G93A-SOD1 ALS mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Seon Seo
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
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Seo JS, Jung EY, Kim JH, Lyu YS, Han PL, Kang HW. A modified preparation (LMK03) of the oriental medicine Jangwonhwan reduces Abeta(1-42) level in the brain of Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model of Alzheimer disease. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 130:578-585. [PMID: 20669372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The oriental medicine Jangwonhwan, which is a boiled extract of 12 medicinal herbs/mushroom, has been prescribed for patients with cognitive dysfunction. Recently, a modified recipe of Jangwonhwan (LMK02-Jangwonhwan) consisting of seven medicinal plants/mushroom, was shown to have a therapeutic potential to ameliorate AD-like pathology. AIM OF THE STUDY It was investigated whether a further reduction of Jangwonhwan (LMK03-Jangwonhwan) retains the potency to suppress the AD-like pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS The transgenic mice of Alzheimer disease, Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9, were fed LMK03-Jangwonhwan consisting of two of the herbs, white Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf and Angelica gigas Nakai, which could protect the AD-like pathology at 300 mg/kg/day of dose for 3 months. In vitro cell biological study, immunohistological and ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) analyses were used to assess its neuroprotective effects against Abeta-induced cell death, and the Abeta accumulation and plaque deposition in the brain. RESULTS In vitro study with SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells showed that LMK03-Jangwonhwan could protect from cytotoxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide or oligomeric Abeta(1-42). Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9 mice were administered LMK03-Jangwonhwan at 300 mg/kg/day for 3 months from 4.5 months of age. Immunohistological and ELISA analyses showed that LMK03-Jangwonhwan partially reduced Abeta(1-42)and Abeta(1-40) levels and beta-amyloid plaque deposition in the brain of Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. However, LMK03-Jangwonhwan poorly suppressed accumulation of reactive oxidative stress in the hippocampus of Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9 mice and inefficiently improved the expression of phospho-CREB and calbindin, the cellular factors that were down-regulated in AD-like brains. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that LMK03-Jangwonhwan has a potency to inhibit AD-like pathology at a detectable level, but LMK03 is not likely to retain the major ability of LMK02-Jangwonhwan to modify AD pathology in several AD-related molecular parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Seon Seo
- Department of Chemistry & Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Seo JS, Yun JH, Baek IS, Leem YH, Kang HW, Cho HK, Lyu YS, Son HJ, Han PL. Oriental medicine Jangwonhwan reduces Abeta(1-42) level and beta-amyloid deposition in the brain of Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model of Alzheimer disease. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 128:206-212. [PMID: 20079417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Revised: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jangwonhwan, a boiled extract of 12 medicinal plants/mushroom including Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), has been prescribed for patients with cognitive dysfunction and are believed to induce brain activity enhancement, provide light sedation, and facilitate sound sleep. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was carried out to investigate whether Jangwonhwan has a beneficial effect on the brain of Alzheimer disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS The transgenic mice of Alzheimer disease, Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9, were fed a modified recipe of Jangwonhwan consisting of a boiled extract of 7 herbs/mushroom (called LMK02-Jangwonhwan) at 400mg/kg/day of dose for 3 months from 4.5 months of age. Immunohistological and ELISA analyses were used to assess the Abeta accumulation and plaque deposition in the brain. Other in vitro and in vivo works were performed to understand the underlying mechanism. RESULTS LMK02-Jangwonhwan notably reduced Abeta(1-42) and Abeta(1-40) levels, concomitantly with a reduction of plaque deposition, in the brain of Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. LMK02-Jangwonhwan partially suppressed oxidative stress accumulation, and prevented the down-regulation of phospho-CREB and calbindin typically seen in the hippocampus of AD-like brains. In vitro study with SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells showed that LMK02-Jangwonhwan inhibited oxidative stress and Abeta-induced neurotoxicity. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that LMK02-Jangwonhwan confers a therapeutic potential to ameliorate AD-like pathology in the brain of Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Seon Seo
- Department of Chemistry & Nano Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jin Y, Lim CM, Kim SW, Park JY, Seo JS, Han PL, Yoon SH, Lee JK. Fluoxetine attenuates kainic acid-induced neuronal cell death in the mouse hippocampus. Brain Res 2009; 1281:108-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Seo JS, Kim TK, Leem YH, Lee KW, Park SK, Baek IS, Kim KS, Im GJ, Lee SM, Park YH, Han PL. SK-PC-B70M confers anti-oxidant activity and reduces Aβ levels in the brain of Tg2576 mice. Brain Res 2009; 1261:100-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Revised: 01/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lee KW, Kim JB, Seo JS, Kim TK, Im JY, Baek IS, Kim KS, Lee JK, Han PL. Behavioral stress accelerates plaque pathogenesis in the brain of Tg2576 mice via generation of metabolic oxidative stress. J Neurochem 2009; 108:165-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Park JH, Chang BU, Kim YJ, Seo JS, Choi SW, Yun JY. Determination of low (137)Cs concentration in seawater using ammonium 12-molybdophosphate adsorption and chemical separation method. J Environ Radioact 2008; 99:1815-1818. [PMID: 18799246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2007] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A new method has been developed for analyzing (137)Cs in a small volume of seawater. Ammonium 12-molybdophosphate (AMP) was used two times during pretreatment procedure. The first step was to adsorb (137)Cs in seawater samples into AMP in order to reduce sample volume, and the second was to remove (87)Rb, interference nuclide for beta counting. The AMP adsorbing (137)Cs was dissolved by sodium hydroxide solution, and then (137)Cs was finally formed to be cesium chloroplatinate precipitate by adding 10% hexachloroplatinic acid. The beta rays emitted from (137)Cs were measured with a low background gas-proportional alpha/beta counter. This method was applied to several seawater samples taken in the East Sea of Korea. Compared to the routinely used gamma-spectrometry method, this new AMP method was reliable and suitable for analyzing (137)Cs in deep seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Park
- Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Chang BU, Koh SM, Kim YJ, Seo JS, Yoon YY, Row JW, Lee DM. Nationwide survey on the natural radionuclides in industrial raw minerals in South Korea. J Environ Radioact 2008; 99:455-60. [PMID: 17904704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2006] [Revised: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A Nationwide survey on the natural radioactivity in industrial raw mineral commodities (17 kinds of domestic and 18 kinds of imported) that are representative minerals used in production and consumption in South Korea was conducted. The target industrial minerals can be categorized into two groups. The first group covers non-metallic and metallic raw minerals with low levels of radioactivity such as clay, silica sand, carbonates, bituminous and anthracite coal, iron ores, ilmenite, rutile, and phosphate ore. The other group comprises minerals with high levels of radioactivity including zircon and monazite. One hundred and sixty-four domestic and imported samples were analysed by gamma-ray spectroscopy using an HPGe detector. The (40)K content ranges from <0.00131 to 2.69Bq g(-1), and (226)Ra and (232)Th range over <0.0006 to 0.630 and <0.0008 to 0.474Bq g(-1), respectively. There was no anthropogenic radioactive signal in any of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- B U Chang
- Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, Guseong-dong 19, Yuseong-gu, 305-338 Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Seo JS, Cho NY, Kim HR, Tsurumi T, Jang YS, Lee WK, Lee SK. Cell cycle arrest and lytic induction of EBV-transformed B lymphoblastoid cells by a histone deacetylase inhibitor, Trichostatin A. Oncol Rep 2008; 19:93-98. [PMID: 18097580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Latent infection of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of several human tumor types. The restricted expression of the latent EBV antigens is critical for EBV-associated tumors to escape from immune surveillance. EBV lytic replication can be triggered by various treatments and the induced lytic genes cause strong cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Histone acetylation or deacetylation is associated with chromatin remodeling and regulates gene expression. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors affect cell cycle progression as well as gene expression in a wide variety of transformed cells. We examined whether an HDAC inhibitor, TSA, can affect cell cycle progression and induce EBV lytic replication in EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). TSA caused cell cycle arrest at low concentrations and induced apoptosis at higher (>300 nM) concentrations in the LCLs and EBV negative BJAB cells. To clarify the underlying mechanism of TSA-induced cell cycle arrest, expression of cell cycle regulatory factors was examined by RNase protection assay and Western blot analysis. Following TSA treatment, a reduced expression of cyclin D2 and an induction of p21 may have played an essential role for G1 arrest in LCLs, while p21 induction might have arrested BJAB cells in G1 phase. A Cdk inhibitor, p57, was increased by 300 nM TSA in both LCLs and BJAB cells, indicating its role in apoptosis. Moreover, immunofluorescene assay and Western blotting showed that TSA induced EBV lytic replication in LCL cells. These results suggest that TSA may exert an enhanced anti-tumor effect for EBV-associated tumors not only by inducing a cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, but also by triggering an EBV lytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Seo
- Research Institute of Immunobiology, Catholic University, Seoul 137-701, Japan
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Seo JS, Park TJ, Lee YM, Park HG, Yoon YD, Lee JS. Small heat shock protein 20 gene (Hsp20) of the intertidal copepod Tigriopus japonicus as a possible biomarker for exposure to endocrine disruptors. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2006; 76:566-72. [PMID: 16688536 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-006-0957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2005] [Accepted: 02/17/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J S Seo
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Bioscience, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Seo JS, Lee SS, Kim SI, Ryu WH, Sa KH, Kim SU, Han SW, Nam EJ, Park JY, Lee WK, Kim SY, Kang YM. Influence of VEGF gene polymorphisms on the severity of ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005; 44:1299-302. [PMID: 16014410 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kei013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of polymorphisms of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene in susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and their relationship to clinical features and radiographic severity. METHODS This study included 157 patients with AS and 140 healthy unrelated controls. Polymorphisms of the VEGF gene were analysed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay and amplification refractory mutation system-PCR. Haplotypes were reconstructed using the Bayesian algorithm. Radiographic severity was assessed by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiological Index (BASRI). RESULTS The genotype frequencies of the polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The distributions of genotypes and alleles did not differ between AS patients and controls. Among the six haplotypes reconstructed based on the tight linkage disequilibrium at positions -2578, -1154 and -634 (pairwise linkage disequilibrium coefficient, r = 0.361-0.706), no haplotype was associated with susceptibility to AS. Clinical features were analysed for the four haplotypes (CGC, CGG, AAG, AGG) which were prevalent. In carriers of the AGG haplotype, the frequency of cervical spine involvement was significantly higher (P = 0.002, P(corr) = 0.036) and that of patients showing a BASRI score >6 was also higher (P = 0.025, P(corr) = 0.45). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that polymorphisms of the VEGF gene may contribute to disease severity in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Samduk 2-Ga, Junggu, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
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Han SW, Kim GW, Seo JS, Kim SJ, Sa KH, Park JY, Lee J, Kim SY, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM, Kang YM. VEGF gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2004; 43:1173-7. [PMID: 15213335 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keh281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate polymorphisms of the VEGF gene in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), their relationship to clinical features and the radiographic progression of joint disease. METHODS One hundred and forty patients with RA and 149 healthy unrelated controls were recruited. We examined four polymorphisms of the VEGF gene which are reported to be associated with production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism assay and amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) PCR. Haplotypes were predicted by Bayesian algorithm using the Phase program. RESULTS All four polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both patients and controls. The frequency of the 936 T allele, which has been associated with lower production of VEGF, was significantly increased in RA patients compared with controls (22.7 vs 13.4%, P = 0.002). The frequencies of two haplotypes (CGCT and AAGT) which were predicted using the Phase program were significantly increased in RA patients compared with controls [33 vs 14%, odds ratio (OR) 2.636, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.38-5.04 for CGCT; 17 vs 6%, OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.20-7.92 for AAGT]. The carriers of the susceptible haplotypes in RA patients had a younger age at disease onset but did not show a difference in the progression rate of radiographic joint destruction. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the VEGF gene may play a role in the development of RA
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Keum YS, Liu KH, Seo JS, Kim JH, Kim K, Kim YH, Kim PJ. Dissipation of foliar residues of diafenthiuron and its metabolites. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2002; 68:845-851. [PMID: 12012060 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-002-0032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Keum
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seodundong 103, Suwon 441-744, Korea
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30
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Seo JS, Liu KH, Chung KH, Shin JS, Kim JH. Bioconcentration and depuration of pyribenzoxim in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2002; 68:617-622. [PMID: 12068925 DOI: 10.1007/s001280299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J S Seo
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea
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Lee SH, Kim M, Yoon BW, Kim YJ, Ma SJ, Roh JK, Lee JS, Seo JS. Targeted hsp70.1 disruption increases infarction volume after focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Stroke 2001; 32:2905-12. [PMID: 11739994 DOI: 10.1161/hs1201.099604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are highly conserved proteins that are induced by a variety of stresses. HSP70 is a 70-kDa HSP family known to have cytoprotective effects against various insults. The role of HSP70 in cerebral ischemia remains to be elucidated in vivo. METHODS To investigate the effect of reduced HSP70 levels on cerebral ischemia, focal cerebral ischemia by intraluminal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery was induced in hsp70.1 knockout mice. The expressions of hsp70.1 and hsp70.3 mRNAs and HSP70 protein were determined, and infarction volumes were measured and compared. RESULTS Northern blots confirmed the absence of hsp70.1 mRNA expression in the knockout mice. The mean infarction volume was significantly larger in hsp70.1 knockout mice (92.5+/-8.3 mm(3)) than in the wild-type mice (59.3+/-8.9 mm,(3) P<0.001). Western blots showed increased HSP70 expression in the ischemic hemisphere in both knockout and wild-type mice, but HSP70 expression levels in knockout mice were significantly lower than those in their wild-type littermates. Immunohistochemistry did not show any significant differences between the knockout and wild-type animals and showed increased HSP70 immunoreactivity in the ischemic hemisphere, with predominance in the cerebral cortex, especially in the penumbra. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that hsp70.1 plays an important role in the early protection of the brain, at least after acute focal cerebral ischemia in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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Yu YS, Heo JH, Hwang SW, Kim JH, Seo JS, Khwarg SI, Chung H. Effect of the absence of heat shock protein 70.1 (hsp70.1) on retinal photoreceptors in normal and rd mice. Korean J Ophthalmol 2001; 15:67-73. [PMID: 11811585 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2001.15.2.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purposes of this study are to elucidate the retinal changes of heat shock protein 70.1 (hsp70.1) knockout mice and to compare them between in normal and in retinal degeneration (rd) mice. Eyes of hsp70.1 wild type (+/+) and knockout (-/-) mice in the C57BL/6 or FVB genetic backgrounds respectively, which were reared in the normal environment, were examined by fundus photography, electroretinography, light microscopy, terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) stain, and immunohistochemistry. In C57BL/6 mice, fundus photography showed no changes between hsp70.1+/+ and -/- mice at 1 and 6 months of age. Electroretinographic examination showed a tendency of decreased amplitude of a- and b-wave with aging in both genotype, but there were not different statistically. The ratios of the thickness of inner nuclear and outer nuclear layer to the retinal thickness were respectively decreased with aging in both genotype, but there were not different statstically. TUNEL assay showed a few positively labeled cells in the ganglion cell, inner nuclear and outer nuclear layers and the immunohistochemistry showed no immunopositivity of hsp70 in the inner segments of photoreceptor cell layer in both genotype. In rd mice, fundus photography showed a narrowing of the retinal vessels at the age of 4 weeks, however, there were no differences of retinal changes including pigment epithelial layer in both genotype. Electroretinographic examination at the postnatal 2, 3 and 4 weeks showed no differences between them. Loss of photoreceptor cell and outer nuclear layers showed no differences in both genotype. In conclusion, there were no differences of the retinal changes at least under the normal environmental condition in hsp70.1+/+ and -/- mice. These results show that hsp70.1-/- mice can be used to study the role of hsp70.1 to the external stress to the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
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Park WY, Hwang CI, Kang MJ, Seo JY, Chung JH, Kim YS, Lee JH, Kim H, Kim KA, Yoo HJ, Seo JS. Gene profile of replicative senescence is different from progeria or elderly donor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 282:934-9. [PMID: 11352641 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In vitro cellular senescence of human diploid fibroblast has been a good model for aging research, which shows similar phenotypes to in vivo aging. Gene expression profiling would provide an insight to understand the mechanism of senescence. Using cDNA microarray containing 384 known genes, we compared the expression profiles of three different types of aging models: replicative senescence, fibroblasts from progeria or from elderly donor. Although all of them showed senescence phenotypes, distinct sets of genes were altered in each group. Pairwise plots or cluster analysis of activation fold of gene expression revealed closer relationships between fibroblasts from progeria or from old individual, but not between replicative senescence fibroblasts and either models. Differential expression pattern of several genes were confirmed by RT-PCR. We suggest that the replicative senescence model might behave differently to other types of aging models due to the distinct gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Choi MY, Yu YS, Kim SK, Kim YJ, Seo JS. The effect of oxygen on retinal degeneration in wild-type and hsp70.1 knockout neonatal retinal degeneration mice. Korean J Ophthalmol 2001; 15:1-7. [PMID: 11530815 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2001.15.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the effect of oxygen on photoreceptor degeneration in the retina of heat shock protein 70.1 (hsp70.1) knockout type and wild-type retinal degeneration (rd) mice. All the neonatal rd mice were exposed to hyperoixa for 5 days after birth, and then were returned to room air before being sacrificed. At the postnatal 10, 14, 18, and 21 days, the ratio of outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness to total retinal thickness was compared between hsp70.1 knockout type and wild type. The retina was also examined for DNA fragmentation by TdT-mediated biotin-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). In hsp70.1 knockout type, the ratio of ONL to total retinal thickness was higher than that in the wild type at each time. There was the remarkable difference in the number and distribution of TUNEL-positive cells between hsp70.1 knockout type and wild type rd mice. In conclusion, an oxygen-induced modulation of the rate of photoreceptor degeneration was more marked in the hsp70.1 knockout type than wild type rd mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University & Chungbuk National University Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Korea
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Oh SC, Nam SY, Kwon HC, Kim CM, Seo JS, Seong RH, Jang YJ, Chung YH, Chung HY. Generation of fusion genes carrying drug resistance, green fluorescent protein, and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase genes in a single cistron. Mol Cells 2001; 11:192-7. [PMID: 11355700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We generated new fusion genes carrying positive- and negative-selection markers, and a reporter gene in a single reading frame. The new genes were constructed by sequentially linking the coding sequences of drug-resistance genes (hygro, or puro), a green fluorescence protein (GFP) gene (gfp), and the thymidine kinase gene (tk). The new synthetic genes (hygro/gfp/tk and puro/ gfp/tk) were inserted into retroviral vectors to test their usefulness as selective markers and reporters. The genes were functional in a positive selection in the presence of hygromycin (hygro/gfp/tk) or puromycin (puro/gfp/ tk). In addition, cells expressing the new fusion genes were clearly identifiable by their green fluorescence emitted from GFP. At the same time, these cells were sensitive to a gancyclovir treatment, allowing efficient removal of the transduced cells. The presently described synthetic genes will be valuable tools in both gene therapy and basic gene transfer studies, where positive selection of the transduced cells, monitoring gene expression, and negative selection of the transduced cells are simultaneously required.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Oh
- Department of Microbiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
We provided a curve-fit equation to predict the normal heart weight (g) in Koreans by examining 422 autopsies (215 males and 207 females, from newborn to age 77 yr) who were relatively in good general condition. Heart weight was well correlated with body surface area (m2), body weight (kg), and body height (cm) but poorly with age in both sex. Heart weight progressively increased from birth to the earlier 3rd and 4th decades in male and female, respectively, and then gradually decreased; mean heart weight of all age group was greater in male than in female and significantly different from birth to 4th decade. In both sex, heart weight exponentially increased in accordance with the increase of body height, body weight, and body surface (in male, heart weight=0.00312 x body height(2.239), r2=0.750, p<0.0001; in female, heart weight=0.00443 x body height(2170), r2=0.781, p<0.0001; in male, heart weight=9.22 x body weight(0.853), r2=0.770, p<0.0001; in female, heart weight=9.00 x body weight0.855, r2=0.820, p<0.0001; in male, heart weight=155.18 x body surface area1.290, r=0.808, p<0.0001; in female, heart weight=124.13 x body surface area1.242, r=0.834, p<0.0001). These results indicate that heart weight is better correlated with body surface area than with body weight; however, body weight should be a better determinant of a predicted heart weight, since body surface area is entirely dependent on body height and body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Seo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Korea National Institute of Scientific Investigation, Seoul
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Kang JK, Kim JH, Lee SH, Kim DH, Kim HS, Lee JE, Seo JS. Development of spontaneous hyperplastic skin lesions and chemically induced skin papillomas in transgenic mice expressing human papillomavirus type 16 E6/E7 genes. Cancer Lett 2000; 160:177-83. [PMID: 11053647 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(00)00575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) has been known to be the major factor for the development of uterine cervical carcinomas. We have developed a line of transgenic mice that express the HPV16 E6 and E7 genes in certain organs using a fusion gene which consists of the tyrosinase promoter and E6/E7 of HPV16, and have chosen the tyrosinase minigene as a co-injected visual marker for the identification of transgenic mice. Our transgenic mice (1) expressed E6/E7 transgene mainly in skin and heart, and (2) showed skin and eye pigmentation profiles, and (3) raised incidence of hyperplastic skin lesions. We had performed two-stage skin carcinogenesis experiment to detect the susceptibility of skin papilloma development in our transgenic mice, using dimethylbenz-anthracene (DMBA) as a initiating agent and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). After 1 week of DMBA treatment (25 microg dissolved in 0.2 ml acetone) and 15 consecutive weeks of TPA treatment (2.5 microg dissolved in 0.2 ml acetone) on the back of transgenic and non-transgenic control mice (Fv-1(b) strain mice which are Friend virus B-type susceptible (FVB)/N), papilloma incidence was increased in our transgenic mice approximately 2-fold higher than in control (in female mice, 69.2 vs. 30%, respectively). Thus our transgenic mice may be useful for the development of immunological or other therapies for HPV-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Kang
- Institute of Science and Technology, Cheiljedang Corp., 522-1 Dokpyong-Ri, Majang-Myon, Ichon-Si, -Do 467-810, Kyonggi, South Korea
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Kim DJ, Chung JH, Lee JS, Moon YI, Seo JS, Chung HK. Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody specific to the human 70-kDa heat shock protein. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2000; 19:369-74. [PMID: 11128026 DOI: 10.1089/02724570050198884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (hsp 70) plays major roles in apoptosis prevention and thermotolerance as well as molecular chaperoning. It is also expressed on the surface of human tumor cells, but not on normal cells, suggesting that hsp70 may be some tumor-associated antigen. To investigate the diverse functions of the protein species, various types of transgenic mice or cell models overexpressing human hsp70 have been made. In these models a monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for the human hsp70 is highly desirable to distinguish the human from the endogenous mouse hsp70. It proved difficult to make this species-specific MAb, because the hsp70 homologues are members of a family of highly conserved, abundant, and ubiquitous proteins expressed in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. In the present study, we prepared four MAbs against human hsp70. Three, HD 5, HD 7 and HD 11, recognize human and mouse hsp70. One, though, HD 8, recognizes human hsp70, but not mouse hsp70. By Western blot analysis of hsp70 deletion mutants, the epitope of the HD 8 MAb was determined as the 585-616 amino acid region of the human hsp70, a region with relatively low homology to mouse hsp70.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Research Institute Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
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Park KC, Kim DS, Choi HO, Kim KH, Chung JH, Eun HC, Lee JS, Seo JS. Overexpression of HSP70 prevents ultraviolet B-induced apoptosis of a human melanoma cell line. Arch Dermatol Res 2000; 292:482-7. [PMID: 11142769 DOI: 10.1007/s004030000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock response is a highly conserved reaction common to all cells and organisms. It has been reported that hyperthermic treatment can induce the expression of the heat shock protein (HSP) and can protect cells from ultraviolet (UV) B radiation. In this study, we evaluated the effects of induced HSP70 on resistance to UV radiation. G361 amelanotic human melanoma cells were irradiated with increasing doses of UVB. UVB irradiation caused apoptotic cell death in these cells. Following transfection with MFG.hsp70.puro plasmid, the expression of HSP70 was determined. Compared to control vector-transfected cells, hsp70-transfected cells showed significantly elevated levels of HSP70 and were highly resistant to UVB irradiation. In order to investigate the effects of HSP70 on the apoptotic pathway, the changes in caspase-3 and PARP were analyzed. Following UVB irradiation, activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP were observed in control vector-transfected cells, and the changes in these molecules were inhibited in the hsp70-transfected cells. These results suggest that UVB-induced apoptosis of melanoma cells is accompanied by caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage, which can be prevented by an overexpression of HSP70.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Li CY, Lee JS, Ko YG, Kim JI, Seo JS. Heat shock protein 70 inhibits apoptosis downstream of cytochrome c release and upstream of caspase-3 activation. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:25665-71. [PMID: 10806214 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m906383199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has been shown to act as an inhibitor of apoptosis. We have also observed an inhibitory effect of HSP70 on apoptotic cell death both in preheated U937 and stably transfected HSP70-overexpressing U937 (U937/HSP70) cells. However, the molecular mechanism whereby HSP70 prevents apoptosis still remains to be solved. To address this issue, we investigated the effect of HSP70 on apoptotic processes in an in vitro system. Caspase-3 cleavage and DNA fragmentation were detected in cytosolic fractions from normal cells upon addition of dATP, but not from preheated U937 or U937/hsp70 cells. Moreover, the addition of purified recombinant HSP70 to normal cytosolic fractions prevented caspase-3 cleavage and DNA fragmentation, suggesting that HSP70 prevents apoptosis upstream of caspase-3 processing. Because cytochrome c was still released from mitochondria into the cytosol by lethal heat shock despite prevention of caspase-3 activation and cell death in both preheated U937 and U937/hsp70 cells, it was evident that HSP70 acts downstream of cytochrome c release. Results obtained in vitro with purified deletion mutants of HSP70 showed that the carboxyl one-third region (from amino acids 438 to 641) including the peptide-binding domain and the carboxyl-terminal EEVD sequence was essential to prevent caspase-3 processing. From these results, we conclude that HSP70 acts as a strong suppressor of apoptosis acting downstream of cytochrome c release and upstream of caspase-3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Ilchun Molecular Medicine Institute Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
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Park WY, Park JS, Cho KA, Kim DI, Ko YG, Seo JS, Park SC. Up-regulation of caveolin attenuates epidermal growth factor signaling in senescent cells. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:20847-52. [PMID: 10781609 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m908162199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescent human diploid fibroblasts do not respond to growth factors like epidermal growth factor (EGF), although they have a normal level of receptors and downstream signaling molecules. To examine the mechanism of signaling attenuation, we investigated Erk activation after EGF stimulation in senescent cells. Senescent cells did not phosphorylate Erk-1/2 after EGF stimulation, whereas young cells did. In those senescent cells, we found an increased level of caveolin proteins and strong interactions between caveolin-1 and EGF receptor. Electron microscopic analysis demonstrated an increased number of caveolae structures in senescent cells. More interestingly, brain, spleen, and lung from 26-month-old rats showed substantial increases of caveolin proteins. However, in the case of p53-induced senescence, caveolin-1 was not induced, and EGF stimulation phosphorylated Erk-1/2 as much as young control cells. Finally, we overexpressed caveolin-1 in young human diploid fibroblasts in which the activation of Erk-1/2 upon EGF stimulation was significantly suppressed. These results suggest that the unresponsiveness of senescent fibroblasts to EGF stimulation may be due to the overexpression of caveolins, which seems to be independent of growth arrest and other aging phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
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42
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Seo JS, Eom HJ, Lee HS. Acoustic scattering from two circular apertures in a thick hard plane. J Acoust Soc Am 2000; 107:2338-2343. [PMID: 10830355 DOI: 10.1121/1.428619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A problem of acoustic wave scattering from two circular apertures in a thick hard plane is solved. The Hankel transform and mode matching is used to represent the scattered field in rapidly convergent series. The reflection coefficient, transmission coefficient, and far-zone field are rigorously derived and presented in numerically efficient forms. Numerical computations are performed to illustrate scattering behaviors in terms of aperture geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- JS Seo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taejon
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Abstract
We investigated the cellular localization of caveolin, a landmark protein of caveolae, by indirect immunofluorescence after heat shock or hyperosmotic shock. Caveolin was internalized to the perinucleus by heat shock (43 degrees C) and relocalized in the plasma membrane after recovery of NIH3T3 cells at 37 degrees C for 4 h. The caveolin internalization was also observed after cells were exposed to hyperosmotic shock. Caveolin disappeared from detergent-insoluble complexes in the heat-shocked cells, but alkaline phosphatase was still there, suggesting that their responses to heat shock are quite different even though both of them were enriched in detergent-insoluble complexes of normal cells. Caveolin was internalized by the actin depolymerizer cytochalasin D, but not by the tubulin depolymerizer nocodazole. In addition, cellular exposure to hydrogen peroxide caused caveolin internalization along with disintegrated microfilaments and intact microtubules. Since cellular exposure to heat shock showed disintegrated microfilaments but intact microtubules, caveolin internalization might be due to depolymerized microfilaments. When cells were exposed to heat shock and allowed to recover for 4 h, actin depolymerization and caveolin internalization were not induced by a second heat shock, suggesting that some heat shock protein(s) might prevent actin depolymerization and caveolin internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Kang
- Ilchun Institute for Molecular Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-799, Korea
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Ko YG, Lee JS, Kang YS, Ahn JH, Seo JS. TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis is initiated in caveolae-like domains. J Immunol 1999; 162:7217-23. [PMID: 10358168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Caveolae-like domains (CLDs) have been hypothesized to mediate apoptosis, since they contain sphingomyelin and initiate the conversion of sphingomyelin to ceramide. To address whether CLDs are directly involved in apoptosis, CLDs from U937 cells were isolated, taking advantage of their detergent insolubility and low density. The CLDs contained alkaline phosphatase as well as many signaling molecules, including Fyn, protein kinase Calpha, Raf-1, phospholipase Cgamma1, and tyrosine phosphoproteins. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescent data showed that TNF receptor 1 colocalized with CD36 in CLDs, suggesting that TNF-alpha-initiated apoptosis occurs in CLDs. When cells were incubated with lipoprotein-deficient medium, the cholesterol concentration was greatly decreased in CLDs but not in other fractions, implying that the CLDs were selectively disrupted. In the CLD-disrupted cells, the surface expression of TNF receptor 1 and CD36 was significantly reduced. Analysis of cellular morphology, percent DNA fragmentation, DNA laddering, and caspase-3 activity showed that TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis was blocked in CLD-disrupted cells, whereas anti-Fas-mediated apoptosis was not. Since Fas was not found in CLDs of Jurkat cells, apoptosis by Fas ligation might not require CLDs. Taken together, these data strongly imply that TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis is initiated in CLDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Ko
- Ilchun Molecular Medicine Institute Medical Research Center, Cancer Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea.
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Ahn JH, Ko YG, Park WY, Kang YS, Chung HY, Seo JS. Suppression of ceramide-mediated apoptosis by HSP70. Mol Cells 1999; 9:200-6. [PMID: 10340476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramide has been known as an important second messenger in programmed cell death (apoptosis) which is induced by various stimuli such as the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Fas ligand, and environmental stresses such as UV-irradiation and heat shock. Although the precise molecular mechanism of apoptosis is not fully understood, ceramide generated by sphingomyelinase (SMase) mediates the activation of several downstream molecules that are implicated in the regulation of apoptosis. Here, we show that stress-inducible heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) prevents apoptosis induced by increased level of intracellular ceramide. In T-cell hybridoma DO11.10, we examined the effect of Hsp70 on apoptosis mediated by TNF-alpha, Fas ligation, SMase, and C2-ceramide, all of which elevate intracellular ceramide levels. Hsp70 not only markedly reduced internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, but also enhanced cell viability measured by the Trypan blue dye exclusion test. Similarly, the ceramide-induced c-jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK/SAPK) activation is impaired in cells overexpressing Hsp70. These data strongly suggest that hsp70 functions as a regulator of apoptosis downstream of ceramide.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Ahn
- ILCHUN Institute for Molecular Medicine and Department of Biochemistry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
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46
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Abstract
A novel parvovirus was identified in Manchurian chipmunks inhabiting Korea. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected in sera from 4 animals among 62 apparently healthy chipmunks. Electron microscopic examination of the HBsAg-positive sera revealed virus-like spherical particles 20-22 nm in diameter. Extraction of nucleic acid under annealing conditions from the serum samples containing virus-like particles yielded a single species of DNA molecule with the electrophoretic mobility of 5.6-kb double-stranded DNA. Four overlapping clones that encompassed almost the full-length viral genome, except both ends, were obtained. By sequencing these clones, we determined the sequence of 5097 nucleotides of the viral DNA. Two open reading frames were identified, with the left side open reading frame encoding a putative nonstructural protein and the right side open reading frame encoding a putative capsid protein. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences showed significant homology to parvovirus B19 and simian parvovirus, but showed little homology to other mammalian autonomous parvoviruses or adeno-associated viruses. These observations indicate that the virus isolated from Manchurian chipmunks is a novel parvovirus and may be a potentially useful animal model of human B19 infection as a new member of the Erythrovirus genus of the Parvoviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Ang University Hospital, Seoul, 100-272, Korea.
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Lee WH, Park YM, Kim JI, Park WY, Kim SH, Jang JJ, Seo JS. Expression of heat shock protein 70 blocks thymic differentiation of T cells in transgenic mice. Immunology 1998; 95:559-65. [PMID: 9893045 PMCID: PMC1364352 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1998.00633.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is involved not only in protein folding, but also in processes of differentiation and cell-cycle progression. Recently, HSP70 has been implicated in mediation of functions of some immunosuppressive agents. To study the role of HSP70 in differentiation of haematopoietic cells, we generated transgenic mice using the human inducible hsp70 gene fused to the mouse H-2K promoter. These mice develop a T-cell deficiency that is characterized by thymic hypoplasia and a significant reduction in peripheral T cells. The total number of thymocytes is about 100-fold less than that in normal mice. The majority of the thymocytes are immature T cells that express neither CD4 nor CD8 molecules, indicating that T cells are affected at an early stage of thymic differentiation. Expression of the transgenic HSP70 was detected both in bone marrow cells and in thymocytes. Furthermore, injection of normal bone marrow cells into the T-cell deficient mice led to the generation of mature T cells indicating that the T-cell deficiency was caused by the action of HSP70 in T cells. The blockage of differentiation occurred only in T cells, both alphabeta- and gammadelta-T-cell receptor (TCR)-bearing cells, but not in B cells, granulocytes, and monocytes. The observations suggest that HSP70 may inhibit a cellular process that is essential for the differentiation of early stage T cells. Further experiments using this model system will widen our understanding of HSP70 and its function on a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
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Kim NK, Lee SH, Cha KY, Seo JS. Tissue-specific expression and activation of N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase in thymic carcinomas of transgenic mice expressing the SV40 large T-antigen gene. Mol Cells 1998; 8:383-7. [PMID: 9749523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simian virus 40 T-tumor antigen (SV40 T-ag) can induce a wide variety of tumors in hamsters and neonatal mice. These tumorigenic effects are predominantly due to the activity of early viral gene products, large T-antigen and small t-antigen. We have analyzed the expression of a DNA repair gene, N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase (MPG), from different tissues of a non-transgenic (control) and SV40 T-ag expressing transgenic mice at the mRNA level. Expression of the transgene in thymus of adult mice was also detected by the presence of SV40 T-ag mRNA. Non-transgenic mice did not express the SV40 T-ag gene in their thymus, while the mRNA for MPG was found in thymus from both of transgenic and non-transgenic mice. The MPG gene was expressed in various tissues and is regulated in a tissue-specific manner. Northern blot analysis revealed that the transgenic mice showed considerably higher expression of MPG in the thymic carcinomas. The level of MPG mRNA in the thymic carcinoma was elevated about 5.7 fold, as compared with those found in the control thymus. MPG expression was significantly increased, either directly or indirectly, by the SV40 T-ag gene product. These findings provide the first in vivo observations that the SV40 T-ag gene induced thymic carcinomas associated with the activation of the DNA repair gene, MPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Kim
- College of Medicine, Pochon CHA University, Kyonggi-do, Korea.
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Lee JJ, Kim HJ, Kook H, Chung IJ, Seo JS, Seo KS, Hwang TJ. Granulocytic sarcoma as isolated extramedullary relapse after donor lymphocyte infusion in a patient with CML who relapsed after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: a case report. J Korean Med Sci 1998; 13:434-6. [PMID: 9741551 PMCID: PMC3054431 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.1998.13.4.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated granulocytic sarcoma (GS) has rarely been reported in a patient who underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). We report here a patient who developed an isolated GS after achieving hematologic and cytogenetic remission by donor lymphocyte infusion for the relapse of CML following BMT. The size of GS was slightly decreased after local irradiation of 1,500 cGy without further systemic chemotherapy or immunotherapy. He remained in hematologic and cytogenetic remission without systemic relapse of CML for 8 months. Thereafter, he died of sepsis. The appropriate treatment of GS and impact of its occurrence on prognosis following allogeneic BMT has yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, BMT Program, Chonnam University Medical School, Kwangju, Korea
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50
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Kwak HJ, Jun CD, Pae HO, Yoo JC, Park YC, Choi BM, Na YG, Park RK, Chung HT, Chung HY, Park WY, Seo JS. The role of inducible 70-kDa heat shock protein in cell cycle control, differentiation, and apoptotic cell death of the human myeloid leukemic HL-60 cells. Cell Immunol 1998; 187:1-12. [PMID: 9681997 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.1998.1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have suggested a role for heat shock proteins (hsps) during development and differentiation. However, relatively little is known about the role of hsp70 in controlling human hematopoietic cell differentiation and death. Here, we show that constitutive expression of human inducible 70-kDa heat shock protein (hsp70) promotes differentiation of HL-60 cells and prevents apoptosis that occurred after terminal differentiation or directly by apoptotic agents. After treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), hsp70-overexpressing cells (HL-60/hsp70) underwent rapid growth arrest and plastic adherence and expressed more CD14 than parental HL-60 or empty vector-transformed cells (HL-60/puro). HL-60/hsp70 cells also rapidly differentiated into granulocytes by addition of all-trans-retinoic acid, as assessed by phenotypic changes after staining with Wright-Giemsa. After differentiation into monocyte/macrophage-like cells or granulocytes, hsp70-overexpressing cells showed little evidence for apoptosis and had a prolonged survival, indicating that the survival-enhancing properties of hsp70 counteract programmed cell death that accompanies terminal differentiation. HL-60/hsp70 cells also showed more resistance than parental cells against apoptotic agents such as sodium nitroprusside, a NO-generating agent, or Taxol, a microtubule stabilizing agent. Further, heat shock of parental HL-60 cells at 42 degrees C for 3 h increased hsp70 levels, promoted plastic adherence (< 6 h) of the cells in respond to PMA, and protected cells from SNP or Taxol. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that hsp70 plays a crucial role in the differentiation of myeloid cells, participating in cell cycle controls and phenotypic changes, with protecting effects on apoptosis induced by different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Kwak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Chonbuk, Korea
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