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Honda S, Hatamura M, Kunimoto Y, Ikeda S, Minami N. Chimeric PRMT6 protein produced by an endogenous retrovirus promoter regulates cell fate decision in mouse preimplantation embryos†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:698-710. [PMID: 38196172 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Murine endogenous retrovirus with leucine tRNA primer, also known as MERVL, is expressed during zygotic genome activation in mammalian embryos. Here we show that protein arginine N-methyltransferase 6 (Prmt6) forms a chimeric transcript with MT2B2, one of the long terminal repeat sequences of murine endogenous retrovirus with leucine tRNA primer, and is translated into an elongated chimeric protein (PRMT6MT2B2) whose function differs from that of the canonical PRMT6 protein (PRMT6CAN) in mouse preimplantation embryos. Overexpression of PRMT6CAN in fibroblast cells increased asymmetric dimethylation of the third arginine residue of both histone H2A (H2AR3me2a) and histone H4 (H4R3me2a), while overexpression of PRMT6MT2B2 increased only H2AR3me2a. In addition, overexpression of PRMT6MT2B2 in one blastomere of mouse two-cell embryos promoted cell proliferation and differentiation of the blastomere into epiblast cells at the blastocyst stage, while overexpression of PRMT6CAN repressed cell proliferation. This is the first report of the translation of a chimeric protein (PRMT6MT2B2) in mouse preimplantation embryos. Our results suggest that analyzing chimeric transcripts with murine endogenous retrovirus with leucine tRNA primer will provide insight into the relationship between zygotic genome activation and subsequent intra- and extra-cellular lineage determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Honda
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maho Hatamura
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuri Kunimoto
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ikeda
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naojiro Minami
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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2
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Ye Y, Homer HA. A surge in cytoplasmic viscosity triggers nuclear remodeling required for Dux silencing and pre-implantation embryo development. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113917. [PMID: 38446665 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Embryonic genome activation (EGA) marks the transition from dependence on maternal transcripts to an embryonic transcriptional program. The precise temporal regulation of gene expression, specifically the silencing of the Dux/murine endogenous retrovirus type L (MERVL) program during late 2-cell interphase, is crucial for developmental progression in mouse embryos. How this finely tuned regulation is achieved within this specific window is poorly understood. Here, using particle-tracking microrheology throughout the mouse oocyte-to-embryo transition, we identify a surge in cytoplasmic viscosity specific to late 2-cell interphase brought about by high microtubule and endomembrane density. Importantly, preventing the rise in 2-cell viscosity severely impairs nuclear reorganization, resulting in a persistently open chromatin configuration and failure to silence Dux/MERVL. This, in turn, derails embryo development beyond the 2- and 4-cell stages. Our findings reveal a mechanical role of the cytoplasm in regulating Dux/MERVL repression via nuclear remodeling during a temporally confined period in late 2-cell interphase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Ye
- The Christopher Chen Oocyte Biology Research Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Hayden Anthony Homer
- The Christopher Chen Oocyte Biology Research Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia.
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3
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Yang J, Cook L, Chen Z. Systematic evaluation of retroviral LTRs as cis-regulatory elements in mouse embryos. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113775. [PMID: 38381606 PMCID: PMC11024894 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In mammals, many retrotransposons are de-repressed during zygotic genome activation (ZGA). However, their functions in early development remain elusive largely due to the challenge to simultaneously manipulate thousands of retrotransposon insertions in embryos. Here, we applied CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) to perturb the long terminal repeat (LTR) MT2_Mm, a well-known ZGA and totipotency marker that exists in ∼2,667 insertions throughout the mouse genome. CRISPRi robustly perturbed 2,485 (∼93%) MT2_Mm insertions and 1,090 (∼55%) insertions of the closely related MT2C_Mm in 2-cell embryos. Remarkably, such perturbation caused downregulation of hundreds of ZGA genes and embryonic arrest mostly at the morula stage. Mechanistically, MT2 LTRs are globally enriched for open chromatin and H3K27ac and function as promoters/enhancers downstream of OBOX/DUX proteins. Thus, we not only provide direct evidence to support the functional importance of MT2 activation in development but also systematically define cis-regulatory function of MT2 in embryos by integrating functional perturbation and multi-omic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Lauryn Cook
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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Torre D, Fstkchyan YS, Ho JSY, Cheon Y, Patel RS, Degrace EJ, Mzoughi S, Schwarz M, Mohammed K, Seo JS, Romero-Bueno R, Demircioglu D, Hasson D, Tang W, Mahajani SU, Campisi L, Zheng S, Song WS, Wang YC, Shah H, Francoeur N, Soto J, Salfati Z, Weirauch MT, Warburton P, Beaumont K, Smith ML, Mulder L, Villalta SA, Kessenbrock K, Jang C, Lee D, De Rubeis S, Cobos I, Tam O, Hammell MG, Seldin M, Shi Y, Basu U, Sebastiano V, Byun M, Sebra R, Rosenberg BR, Benner C, Guccione E, Marazzi I. Nuclear RNA catabolism controls endogenous retroviruses, gene expression asymmetry, and dedifferentiation. Mol Cell 2023; 83:4255-4271.e9. [PMID: 37995687 PMCID: PMC10842741 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are remnants of ancient parasitic infections and comprise sizable portions of most genomes. Although epigenetic mechanisms silence most ERVs by generating a repressive environment that prevents their expression (heterochromatin), little is known about mechanisms silencing ERVs residing in open regions of the genome (euchromatin). This is particularly important during embryonic development, where induction and repression of distinct classes of ERVs occur in short temporal windows. Here, we demonstrate that transcription-associated RNA degradation by the nuclear RNA exosome and Integrator is a regulatory mechanism that controls the productive transcription of most genes and many ERVs involved in preimplantation development. Disrupting nuclear RNA catabolism promotes dedifferentiation to a totipotent-like state characterized by defects in RNAPII elongation and decreased expression of long genes (gene-length asymmetry). Our results indicate that RNA catabolism is a core regulatory module of gene networks that safeguards RNAPII activity, ERV expression, cell identity, and developmental potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Torre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Center for OncoGenomics and Innovative Therapeutics (COGIT), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yesai S Fstkchyan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jessica Sook Yuin Ho
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Youngseo Cheon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Roosheel S Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Emma J Degrace
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Slim Mzoughi
- Center for OncoGenomics and Innovative Therapeutics (COGIT), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Megan Schwarz
- Center for OncoGenomics and Innovative Therapeutics (COGIT), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kevin Mohammed
- Center for OncoGenomics and Innovative Therapeutics (COGIT), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ji-Seon Seo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Raquel Romero-Bueno
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Deniz Demircioglu
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing (BiNGS) Shared Resource Facility, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dan Hasson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing (BiNGS) Shared Resource Facility, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Weijing Tang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sameehan U Mahajani
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Laura Campisi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Simin Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Won-Suk Song
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ying-Chih Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hardik Shah
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nancy Francoeur
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Juan Soto
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zelda Salfati
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Peter Warburton
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kristin Beaumont
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Melissa L Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Lubbertus Mulder
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - S Armando Villalta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kai Kessenbrock
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Daeyoup Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Silvia De Rubeis
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Inma Cobos
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Oliver Tam
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | | | - Marcus Seldin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yongsheng Shi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Uttiya Basu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Vittorio Sebastiano
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Minji Byun
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Brad R Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chris Benner
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Center for OncoGenomics and Innovative Therapeutics (COGIT), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Ivan Marazzi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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5
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Abstract
In mammals, many retrotransposons are de-repressed during zygotic genome activation (ZGA). However, their functions in early development remain elusive largely due to the challenge to simultaneously manipulate thousands of retrotransposon insertions in embryos. Here, we employed epigenome editing to perturb the long terminal repeat (LTR) MT2_Mm, a well-known ZGA and totipotency marker that exists in ~2667 insertions throughout the mouse genome. CRISPRi robustly repressed 2485 (~93%) MT2_Mm insertions and 1090 (~55%) insertions of the closely related MT2C_Mm in 2-cell embryos. Remarkably, such perturbation caused down-regulation of hundreds of ZGA genes at the 2-cell stage and embryonic arrest mostly at the morula stage. Mechanistically, MT2_Mm/MT2C_Mm primarily served as alternative ZGA promoters activated by OBOX proteins. Thus, through unprecedented large-scale epigenome editing, we addressed to what extent MT2_Mm/MT2C_Mm regulates ZGA and preimplantation development. Our approach could be adapted to systematically perturb retrotransposons in other mammalian embryos as it doesn't require transgenic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, 45229, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, 45229, Ohio, USA
| | - Lauryn Cook
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, 45229, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, 45229, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, 45229, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, 45229, Ohio, USA
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Ansaloni F, Gustincich S, Sanges R. In silico characterisation of minor wave genes and LINE-1s transcriptional dynamics at murine zygotic genome activation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1124266. [PMID: 37389353 PMCID: PMC10300423 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1124266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In mouse, the zygotic genome activation (ZGA) is coordinated by MERVL elements, a class of LTR retrotransposons. In addition to MERVL, another class of retrotransposons, LINE-1 elements, recently came under the spotlight as key regulators of murine ZGA. In particular, LINE-1 transcripts seem to be required to switch-off the transcriptional program started by MERVL sequences, suggesting an antagonistic interplay between LINE-1 and MERVL pathways. Methods: To better investigate the activities of LINE-1 and MERVL elements at ZGA, we integrated publicly available transcriptomics (RNA-seq), chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq) and Pol-II binding (Stacc-seq) datasets and characterised the transcriptional and epigenetic dynamics of such elements during murine ZGA. Results: We identified two likely distinct transcriptional activities characterising the murine zygotic genome at ZGA onset. On the one hand, our results confirmed that ZGA minor wave genes are preferentially transcribed from MERVL-rich and gene-dense genomic compartments, such as gene clusters. On the other hand, we identified a set of evolutionary young and likely transcriptionally autonomous LINE-1s located in intergenic and gene-poor regions showing, at the same stage, features such as open chromatin and RNA Pol II binding suggesting them to be, at least, poised for transcription. Discussion: These results suggest that, across evolution, transcription of two different classes of transposable elements, MERVLs and LINE-1s, have likely been confined in genic and intergenic regions respectively in order to maintain and regulate two successive transcriptional programs at ZGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ansaloni
- Area of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
- Central RNA Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia—IIT, Genova, Italy
| | - Stefano Gustincich
- Central RNA Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia—IIT, Genova, Italy
| | - Remo Sanges
- Area of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
- Central RNA Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia—IIT, Genova, Italy
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Yi Y, Zeng Y, Sam TW, Hamashima K, Tan RJR, Warrier T, Phua JX, Taneja R, Liou YC, Li H, Xu J, Loh YH. Ribosomal proteins regulate 2-cell-stage transcriptome in mouse embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:463-474. [PMID: 36638791 PMCID: PMC9968990 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A rare sub-population of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), the 2-cell-like cell, is defined by the expression of MERVL and 2-cell-stage-specific transcript (2C transcript). Here, we report that the ribosomal proteins (RPs) RPL14, RPL18, and RPL23 maintain the identity of mESCs and regulate the expression of 2C transcripts. Disregulation of the RPs induces DUX-dependent expression of 2C transcripts and alters the chromatin landscape. Mechanically, knockdown (KD) of RPs triggers the binding of RPL11 to MDM2, an interaction known to prevent P53 protein degradation. Increased P53 protein upon RP KD further activates its downstream pathways, including DUX. Our study delineates the critical roles of RPs in 2C transcript activation, ascribing a novel function to these essential proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yi
- Cell Fate Engineering and Therapeutics Laboratory, Division of Cell Biology and Therapies, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Yingying Zeng
- Cell Fate Engineering and Therapeutics Laboratory, Division of Cell Biology and Therapies, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Tsz Wing Sam
- Cell Fate Engineering and Therapeutics Laboratory, Division of Cell Biology and Therapies, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Kiyofumi Hamashima
- Cell Fate Engineering and Therapeutics Laboratory, Division of Cell Biology and Therapies, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Rachel Jun Rou Tan
- Cell Fate Engineering and Therapeutics Laboratory, Division of Cell Biology and Therapies, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Tushar Warrier
- Cell Fate Engineering and Therapeutics Laboratory, Division of Cell Biology and Therapies, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Jun Xiang Phua
- Cell Fate Engineering and Therapeutics Laboratory, Division of Cell Biology and Therapies, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Reshma Taneja
- Department of Physiology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Yih-Cherng Liou
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Hu Li
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Plant Systems Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Yuin-Han Loh
- Cell Fate Engineering and Therapeutics Laboratory, Division of Cell Biology and Therapies, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore.
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8
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Zhang M, Zhao X, Feng X, Hu X, Zhao X, Lu W, Lu X. Histone chaperone HIRA complex regulates retrotransposons in embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:137. [PMID: 35365225 PMCID: PMC8973876 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02814-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone cell cycle regulator (HIRA) complex is an important histone chaperone that mediates the deposition of the H3.3 histone variant onto chromatin independently from DNA synthesis. However, it is still unknown whether it participates in the expression control of retrotransposons and cell fate determination. METHODS We screened the role of HIRA complex members in repressing the expression of retrotransposons by shRNA depletion in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) followed by RT-qPCR. RNA-seq was used to study the expression profiles after depletion of individual HIRA member. RT-qPCR and western blot were used to determine overexpression of HIRA complex members. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR was used to find the binding of H3.3, HIRA members to chromatin. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to identify the interaction between Hira mutant and Ubn2. ChIP-qPCR was used to identify H3.3 deposition change and western blot of chromatin extract was used to validate the epigenetic change. Bioinformatics analysis was applied for the analysis of available ChIP-seq data. RESULTS We revealed that Hira, Ubn2, and Ubn1 were the main repressors of 2-cell marker retrotransposon MERVL among HIRA complex members. Surprisingly, Ubn2 and Hira targeted different groups of retrotransposons and retrotransposon-derived long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), despite that they partially shared target genes. Furthermore, Ubn2 prevented ESCs to gain a 2-cell like state or activate trophectodermal genes upon differentiation. Mechanistically, Ubn2 and Hira suppressed retrotransposons by regulating the deposition of histone H3.3. Decreased H3.3 deposition, that was associated with the loss of Ubn2 or Hira, caused the reduction of H3K9me2 and H3K9me3, which are known repressive marks of retrotransposons. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings shed light on the distinct roles of HIRA complex members in controlling retrotransposons and cell fate conversion in ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Xuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Wange Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Barry RM, Sacco O, Mameri A, Stojaspal M, Kartsonis W, Shah P, De Ioannes P, Hofr C, Côté J, Sfeir A. Rap1 regulates TIP60 function during fate transition between two-cell-like and pluripotent states. Genes Dev 2022; 36:313-330. [PMID: 35210222 PMCID: PMC8973845 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349039.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, the conserved telomere binding protein Rap1 serves a diverse set of nontelomeric functions, including activation of the NF-kB signaling pathway, maintenance of metabolic function in vivo, and transcriptional regulation. Here, we uncover the mechanism by which Rap1 modulates gene expression. Using a separation-of-function allele, we show that Rap1 transcriptional regulation is largely independent of TRF2-mediated binding to telomeres and does not involve direct binding to genomic loci. Instead, Rap1 interacts with the TIP60/p400 complex and modulates its histone acetyltransferase activity. Notably, we show that deletion of Rap1 in mouse embryonic stem cells increases the fraction of two-cell-like cells. Specifically, Rap1 enhances the repressive activity of Tip60/p400 across a subset of two-cell-stage genes, including Zscan4 and the endogenous retrovirus MERVL. Preferential up-regulation of genes proximal to MERVL elements in Rap1-deficient settings implicates these endogenous retroviral elements in the derepression of proximal genes. Altogether, our study reveals an unprecedented link between Rap1 and the TIP60/p400 complex in the regulation of pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Mario Barry
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.,Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Olivia Sacco
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Amel Mameri
- St-Patrick Research Group in Basic Oncology; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center-Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Martin Stojaspal
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.,LifeB, Functional Genomics and Proteomics, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - William Kartsonis
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Pooja Shah
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Pablo De Ioannes
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Ctirad Hofr
- LifeB, Functional Genomics and Proteomics, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Scientific Incubator, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jacques Côté
- St-Patrick Research Group in Basic Oncology; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center-Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Agnel Sfeir
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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10
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Xie SQ, Leeke BJ, Whilding C, Wagner RT, Garcia-Llagostera F, Low Y, Chammas P, Cheung NTF, Dormann D, McManus MT, Percharde M. Nucleolar-based Dux repression is essential for embryonic two-cell stage exit. Genes Dev 2022; 36:331-347. [PMID: 35273077 PMCID: PMC8973846 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349172.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Upon fertilization, the mammalian embryo must switch from dependence on maternal transcripts to transcribing its own genome, and in mice this involves the transient up-regulation of MERVL transposons and MERVL-driven genes at the two-cell stage. The mechanisms and requirement for MERVL and two-cell (2C) gene up-regulation are poorly understood. Moreover, this MERVL-driven transcriptional program must be rapidly shut off to allow two-cell exit and developmental progression. Here, we report that robust ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and nucleolar maturation are essential for exit from the 2C state. 2C-like cells and two-cell embryos show similar immature nucleoli with altered structure and reduced rRNA output. We reveal that nucleolar disruption via blocking RNA polymerase I activity or preventing nucleolar phase separation enhances conversion to a 2C-like state in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) by detachment of the MERVL activator Dux from the nucleolar surface. In embryos, nucleolar disruption prevents proper nucleolar maturation and Dux silencing and leads to two- to four-cell arrest. Our findings reveal an intriguing link between rRNA synthesis, nucleolar maturation, and gene repression during early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Q Xie
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Bryony J Leeke
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Chad Whilding
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan T Wagner
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 91413, USA
| | - Ferran Garcia-Llagostera
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - YiXuan Low
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Chammas
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan T-F Cheung
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Dormann
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Michael T McManus
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 91413, USA
| | - Michelle Percharde
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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11
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Yang M, Yu H, Yu X, Liang S, Hu Y, Luo Y, Izsvák Z, Sun C, Wang J. Chemical-induced chromatin remodeling reprograms mouse ESCs to totipotent-like stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:400-418.e13. [PMID: 35143761 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Totipotent cells have more robust developmental potency than any other cell types, giving rise to both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues. Stable totipotent cell cultures and deciphering the principles of totipotency regulation would be invaluable to understand cell plasticity and lineage segregation in early development. Our approach of remodeling the pericentromeric heterochromatin and re-establishing the totipotency-specific broad H3K4me3 domains promotes the pluri-to-totipotency transition. Our protocol establishes a closer match of mouse 2-cell (2C) embryos than any other 2C-like cells. These totipotent-like stem cells (TLSCs) are stable in culture and possess unique molecular features of the mouse 2C embryo. Functionally, TLSCs are competent for germline transmission and give rise to both embryonic and extraembryonic lineages at high frequency. Therefore, TLSCs represent a highly valuable cell type for studies of totipotency and embryology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Yang
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hanwen Yu
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiu Yu
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shiqi Liang
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuanlang Hu
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuxin Luo
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zsuzsanna Izsvák
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13092, Germany
| | - Chuanbo Sun
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China.
| | - Jichang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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12
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Puri D, Koschorz B, Engist B, Onishi-Seebacher M, Ryan D, Soujanya M, Montavon T. Foxd3 controls heterochromatin-mediated repression of repeat elements and 2-cell state transcription. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e53180. [PMID: 34605600 PMCID: PMC8647145 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeat element transcription plays a vital role in early embryonic development. The expression of repeats such as MERVL characterises mouse embryos at the 2‐cell stage and defines a 2‐cell‐like cell (2CLC) population in a mouse embryonic stem cell culture. Repeat element sequences contain binding sites for numerous transcription factors. We identify the forkhead domain transcription factor FOXD3 as a regulator of major satellite repeats and MERVL transcription in mouse embryonic stem cells. FOXD3 binds to and recruits the histone methyltransferase SUV39H1 to MERVL and major satellite repeats, consequentially repressing the transcription of these repeats by the establishment of the H3K9me3 heterochromatin modification. Notably, depletion of FOXD3 leads to the de‐repression of MERVL and major satellite repeats as well as a subset of genes expressed in the 2‐cell state, shifting the balance between the stem cell and 2‐cell‐like population in culture. Thus, FOXD3 acts as a negative regulator of repeat transcription, ascribing a novel function to this transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Puri
- Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Birgit Koschorz
- Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Engist
- Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Megumi Onishi-Seebacher
- Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Devon Ryan
- Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Montavon
- Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
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13
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Kinisu M, Choi YJ, Cattoglio C, Liu K, Roux de Bezieux H, Valbuena R, Pum N, Dudoit S, Huang H, Xuan Z, Kim SY, He L. Klf5 establishes bi-potential cell fate by dual regulation of ICM and TE specification genes. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109982. [PMID: 34758315 PMCID: PMC8711565 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Early blastomeres of mouse preimplantation embryos exhibit bi-potential cell fate, capable of generating both embryonic and extra-embryonic lineages in blastocysts. Here we identify three major two-cell-stage (2C)-specific endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) as the molecular hallmark of this bi-potential plasticity. Using the long terminal repeats (LTRs) of all three 2C-specific ERVs, we identify Krüppel-like factor 5 (Klf5) as their major upstream regulator. Klf5 is essential for bi-potential cell fate; a single Klf5-overexpressing embryonic stem cell (ESC) generates terminally differentiated embryonic and extra-embryonic lineages in chimeric embryos, and Klf5 directly induces inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) specification genes. Intriguingly, Klf5 and Klf4 act redundantly during ICM specification, whereas Klf5 deficiency alone impairs TE specification. Klf5 is regulated by multiple 2C-specific transcription factors, particularly Dux, and the Dux/Klf5 axis is evolutionarily conserved. The 2C-specific transcription program converges on Klf5 to establish bi-potential cell fate, enabling a cell state with dual activation of ICM and TE genes. Using multiple 2C-specific ERV cell fate markers, Kinisu et al. identify Klf5 as a key transcription factor that confers a 2C-like developmental potential and activates ICM and TE specification genes. Klf5 and Klf4 act redundantly for ICM and TE specification in mouse preimplantation embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kinisu
- Division of Cellular and Developmental Biology, MCB Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94705, USA
| | - Yong Jin Choi
- Division of Cellular and Developmental Biology, MCB Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94705, USA
| | - Claudia Cattoglio
- Division of Cellular and Developmental Biology, MCB Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94705, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hector Roux de Bezieux
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Raeline Valbuena
- Division of Cellular and Developmental Biology, MCB Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94705, USA
| | - Nicole Pum
- Division of Cellular and Developmental Biology, MCB Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94705, USA
| | - Sandrine Dudoit
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Zhenyu Xuan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Sang Yong Kim
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lin He
- Division of Cellular and Developmental Biology, MCB Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94705, USA.
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14
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Pérez-Palacios R, Climent M, Santiago-Arcos J, Macías-Redondo S, Klar M, Muniesa P, Schoorlemmer J. YY2 in Mouse Preimplantation Embryos and in Embryonic Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051123. [PMID: 34066930 PMCID: PMC8148602 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Yin Yang 2 encodes a mammalian-specific transcription factor (YY2) that shares high homology in the zinc finger region with both YY1 and REX1/ZFP42, encoded by the Yin Yang 1 and Reduced Expression Protein 1/Zinc Finger Protein 42 gene, respectively. In contrast to the well-established roles of the latter two in gene regulation, X chromosome inactivation and binding to specific transposable elements (TEs), much less is known about YY2, and its presence during mouse preimplantation development has not been described. As it has been reported that mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) cannot be propagated in the absence of Yy2, the mechanistic understanding of how Yy2 contributes to mESC maintenance remains only very partially characterized. We describe Yy2 expression studies using RT-PCR and staining with a high-affinity polyclonal serum in mouse embryos and mESC. Although YY2 is expressed during preimplantation development, its presence appears dispensable for developmental progress in vitro until formation of the blastocyst. Attenuation of Yy2 levels failed to alter either Zscan4 levels in two-cell embryos or IAP and MERVL levels at later preimplantation stages. In contrast to previous claims that constitutively expressed shRNA against Yy2 in mESC prohibited the propagation of mESC in culture, we obtained colonies generated from mESC with attenuated Yy2 levels. Concomitant with a decreased number of undifferentiated colonies, Yy2-depleted mESC expressed higher levels of Zscan4 but no differences in the expression of TEs or other pluripotency markers including Sox2, Oct4, Nanog and Esrrb were observed. These results confirm the contribution of Yy2 to the maintenance of mouse embryonic stem cells and show the preimplantation expression of YY2. These functions are discussed in relation to mammalian-specific functions of YY1 and REX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pérez-Palacios
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, CIBA, Avenida San Juan Bosco 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.P.-P.); (S.M.-R.)
- Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.C.); (J.S.-A.); (P.M.)
| | - María Climent
- Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.C.); (J.S.-A.); (P.M.)
- Placental Pathophysiology and Fetal Programming Group, Fundación IISA, Avenida San Juan Bosco 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Santiago-Arcos
- Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.C.); (J.S.-A.); (P.M.)
| | - Sofía Macías-Redondo
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, CIBA, Avenida San Juan Bosco 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.P.-P.); (S.M.-R.)
| | - Martin Klar
- Department of Neonatology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Pedro Muniesa
- Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.C.); (J.S.-A.); (P.M.)
- Placental Pathophysiology and Fetal Programming Group, Fundación IISA, Avenida San Juan Bosco 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jon Schoorlemmer
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, CIBA, Avenida San Juan Bosco 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.P.-P.); (S.M.-R.)
- Placental Pathophysiology and Fetal Programming Group, Fundación IISA, Avenida San Juan Bosco 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación “Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo” (ARAID), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-976-715-412 or +34-672-022-215
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15
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Yang F, Huang X, Zang R, Chen J, Fidalgo M, Sanchez-Priego C, Yang J, Caichen A, Ma F, Macfarlan T, Wang H, Gao S, Zhou H, Wang J. DUX-miR-344-ZMYM2-Mediated Activation of MERVL LTRs Induces a Totipotent 2C-like State. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 26:234-250.e7. [PMID: 32032525 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) sporadically express preimplantation two-cell-stage (2C) transcripts, including MERVL endogenous retrovirus and Zscan4 cluster genes. Such 2C-like cells (2CLCs) can contribute to both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues when reintroduced into early embryos, although the molecular mechanism underlying such an expanded 2CLC potency remains elusive. We examine global nucleosome occupancy and gene expression in 2CLCs and identified miR-344 as the noncoding molecule that positively controls 2CLC potency. We find that activation of endogenous MERVL or miR-344-2 alone is sufficient to induce 2CLCs with activation of 2C genes and an expanded potency. Mechanistically, miR-344 is activated by DUX and post-transcriptionally represses ZMYM2 and its partner LSD1, and ZMYM2 recruits LSD1/HDAC corepressor complex to MERVL LTR for transcriptional repression. Consistently, zygotic depletion of Zmym2 compromises the totipotency-to-pluripotency transition during early development. Our studies establish the previously unappreciated DUX-miR-344-Zmym2/Lsd1 axis that controls MERVL for expanded stem cell potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute and Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Huang
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute and Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ruge Zang
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute and Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Miguel Fidalgo
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute and Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; CiMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Carlos Sanchez-Priego
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute and Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jihong Yang
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute and Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alexander Caichen
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute and Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Fanglin Ma
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute and Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Todd Macfarlan
- The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Huayan Wang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute and Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jianlong Wang
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute and Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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16
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Le R, Huang Y, Zhao A, Gao S. Lessons from expanded potential of embryonic stem cells: Moving toward totipotency. J Genet Genomics 2020; 47:123-130. [PMID: 32305172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells possess fascinating capacity of self-renewal and developmental potential, leading to significant progress in understanding the molecular basis of pluripotency, disease modeling, and reprogramming technology. Recently, 2-cell-like embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and expanded potential stem cells or extended pluripotent stem cells (EPSCs) generated from early-cleavage embryos display some features of totipotent embryos. These cell lines provide valuable in vitro models to study underlying principles of totipotency, cell plasticity, and lineage segregation. In this review, we summarize the current progress in this filed and highlight the application potentials of these cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Le
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yixin Huang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Anqi Zhao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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17
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Abstract
Our perception of the role of the previously considered 'selfish' or 'junk' DNA has been dramatically altered in the past 20 years or so. A large proportion of this non-coding part of mammalian genomes is repetitive in nature, classified as either satellites or transposons. While repetitive elements can be termed selfish in terms of their amplification, such events have surely been co-opted by the host, suggesting by itself a likely altruistic function for the organism at the subject of such natural selection. Indeed numerous examples of transposons regulating the functional output of the host genome have been documented. Transposons provide a powerful framework for large-scale relatively rapid concerted regulatory activities with the ability to drive evolution. Mammalian totipotency has emerged as one key stage of development in which transposon-mediated regulation of gene expression has taken centre stage in the past few years. During this period, large-scale (epigenetic) reprogramming must be accomplished in order to activate the host genome. In mice and men, one particular element murine endogenous retrovirus with leucine tRNA primer (MERVL) (and its counterpart human ERVL (HERVL)) appears to have acquired roles as a key driving force in this process. Here, I will discuss and interpret the current knowledge and its implications regarding the role of transposons, particularly of long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1s) and endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), in the regulation of totipotency. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Crossroads between transposons and gene regulation'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81377 München, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, 82152 München, Germany
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18
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Yang L, Song L, Liu X, Bai L, Li G. KDM6A and KDM6B play contrasting roles in nuclear transfer embryos revealed by MERVL reporter system. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201846240. [PMID: 30389724 PMCID: PMC6280793 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of animal cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in many species, the method is limited by its low efficiency. After zygotic genome activation (ZGA) during mouse development, a large number of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are expressed, including the murine endogenous retrovirus‐L (MuERVL/MERVL). In this study, we generate a series of MERVL reporter mouse strains to detect the ZGA event in embryos. We show that the majority of SCNT embryos do not undergo ZGA, and H3K27me3 prevents SCNT reprogramming. Overexpression of the H3K27me3‐specific demethylase KDM6A, but not of KDM6B, improves the efficiency of SCNT. Conversely, knockdown of KDM6B not only facilitates ZGA, but also impedes ectopic Xist expression in SCNT reprogramming. Furthermore, knockdown of KDM6B increases the rate of SCNT‐derived embryonic stem cells from Duchenne muscular dystrophy embryos. These results not only provide insight into the mechanisms underlying failures of SCNT, but also may extend the applications of SCNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lishuang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Research Center for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xuefei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lige Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Research Center for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guangpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China .,Research Center for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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19
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Percharde M, Lin CJ, Yin Y, Guan J, Peixoto GA, Bulut-Karslioglu A, Biechele S, Huang B, Shen X, Ramalho-Santos M. A LINE1-Nucleolin Partnership Regulates Early Development and ESC Identity. Cell 2018; 174:391-405.e19. [PMID: 29937225 PMCID: PMC6046266 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Transposable elements represent nearly half of mammalian genomes and are generally described as parasites, or "junk DNA." The LINE1 retrotransposon is the most abundant class and is thought to be deleterious for cells, yet it is paradoxically highly expressed during early development. Here, we report that LINE1 plays essential roles in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and pre-implantation embryos. In ESCs, LINE1 acts as a nuclear RNA scaffold that recruits Nucleolin and Kap1/Trim28 to repress Dux, the master activator of a transcriptional program specific to the 2-cell embryo. In parallel, LINE1 RNA mediates binding of Nucleolin and Kap1 to rDNA, promoting rRNA synthesis and ESC self-renewal. In embryos, LINE1 RNA is required for Dux silencing, synthesis of rRNA, and exit from the 2-cell stage. The results reveal an essential partnership between LINE1 RNA, Nucleolin, Kap1, and peri-nucleolar chromatin in the regulation of transcription, developmental potency, and ESC self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Percharde
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Chih-Jen Lin
- The University of Edinburgh, MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Yafei Yin
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Juan Guan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Gabriel A Peixoto
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Aydan Bulut-Karslioglu
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Steffen Biechele
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Xiaohua Shen
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Miguel Ramalho-Santos
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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20
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Eckersley-Maslin MA, Svensson V, Krueger C, Stubbs TM, Giehr P, Krueger F, Miragaia RJ, Kyriakopoulos C, Berrens RV, Milagre I, Walter J, Teichmann SA, Reik W. MERVL/Zscan4 Network Activation Results in Transient Genome-wide DNA Demethylation of mESCs. Cell Rep 2016; 17:179-92. [PMID: 27681430 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells are dynamic and heterogeneous. For example, rare cells cycle through a state characterized by decondensed chromatin and expression of transcripts, including the Zscan4 cluster and MERVL endogenous retrovirus, which are usually restricted to preimplantation embryos. Here, we further characterize the dynamics and consequences of this transient cell state. Single-cell transcriptomics identified the earliest upregulated transcripts as cells enter the MERVL/Zscan4 state. The MERVL/Zscan4 transcriptional network was also upregulated during induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming. Genome-wide DNA methylation and chromatin analyses revealed global DNA hypomethylation accompanying increased chromatin accessibility. This transient DNA demethylation was driven by a loss of DNA methyltransferase proteins in the cells and occurred genome-wide. While methylation levels were restored once cells exit this state, genomic imprints remained hypomethylated, demonstrating a potential global and enduring influence of endogenous retroviral activation on the epigenome. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals dynamics of MERVL/Zscan4 network activation MERVL-LTR transcriptional network is expressed in iPSC reprogramming events Translation block depletes Dnmt proteins, inducing transient global demethylation Passage through the MERVL/Zscan4 state may cause irreversible imprint erasure
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21
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Eckersley-Maslin MA, Svensson V, Krueger C, Stubbs TM, Giehr P, Krueger F, Miragaia RJ, Kyriakopoulos C, Berrens RV, Milagre I, Walter J, Teichmann SA, Reik W. MERVL/Zscan4 Network Activation Results in Transient Genome-wide DNA Demethylation of mESCs. Cell Rep 2016; 17:179-92. [PMID: 27681430 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells are dynamic and heterogeneous. For example, rare cells cycle through a state characterized by decondensed chromatin and expression of transcripts, including the Zscan4 cluster and MERVL endogenous retrovirus, which are usually restricted to preimplantation embryos. Here, we further characterize the dynamics and consequences of this transient cell state. Single-cell transcriptomics identified the earliest upregulated transcripts as cells enter the MERVL/Zscan4 state. The MERVL/Zscan4 transcriptional network was also upregulated during induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming. Genome-wide DNA methylation and chromatin analyses revealed global DNA hypomethylation accompanying increased chromatin accessibility. This transient DNA demethylation was driven by a loss of DNA methyltransferase proteins in the cells and occurred genome-wide. While methylation levels were restored once cells exit this state, genomic imprints remained hypomethylated, demonstrating a potential global and enduring influence of endogenous retroviral activation on the epigenome.
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22
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Schoorlemmer J, Pérez-Palacios R, Climent M, Guallar D, Muniesa P. Regulation of Mouse Retroelement MuERV-L/ MERVL Expression by REX1 and Epigenetic Control of Stem Cell Potency. Front Oncol 2014; 4:14. [PMID: 24567914 PMCID: PMC3915180 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
About half of the mammalian genome is occupied by DNA sequences that originate from transposable elements. Retrotransposons can modulate gene expression in different ways and, particularly retrotransposon-derived long terminal repeats, profoundly shape expression of both surrounding and distant genomic loci. This is especially important in pre-implantation development, during which extensive reprograming of the genome takes place and cells pass through totipotent and pluripotent states. At this stage, the main mechanism responsible for retrotransposon silencing, i.e., DNA methylation, is inoperative. A particular retrotransposon called muERV-L/MERVL is expressed during pre-implantation stages and contributes to the plasticity of mouse embryonic stem cells. This review will focus on the role of MERVL-derived sequences as controlling elements of gene expression specific for pre-implantation development, two-cell stage-specific gene expression, and stem cell pluripotency, the epigenetic mechanisms that control their expression, and the contributions of the pluripotency marker REX1 and the related Yin Yang 1 family of transcription factors to this regulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Schoorlemmer
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud , Zaragoza , Spain ; ARAID Foundation , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Raquel Pérez-Palacios
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - María Climent
- Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Diana Guallar
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Pedro Muniesa
- Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza , Zaragoza , Spain
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