1
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Buffa V, Meyners C, Sugiarto WO, Bauder M, Gaali S, Hausch F. 1,4-Pyrazolyl-Containing SAFit-Analogues are Selective FKBP51 Inhibitors With Improved Ligand Efficiency and Drug-Like Profile. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400264. [PMID: 38818693 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP51) is an appealing drug target due to its role in several diseases such as depression, anxiety, chronic pain and obesity. Towards this, selectivity versus the close homolog FKBP52 is essential. However, currently available FKBP51-selective ligands such as SAFit2 are too large and lack drug-like properties. Here, we present a structure activity relationship (SAR) analysis of the pipecolic ester moiety of SAFit1 and SAFit2, which culminated in the discovery of the 1,4-pyrazolyl derivative 23 d, displaying a binding affinity of 0.077 μM for FKBP51, reduced molecular weight (541.7 g/mol), lower hydrophobicity (cLogP=3.72) and higher ligand efficiency (LE=0.25). Cocrystal structures revealed the importance of the 1,4- and 1,3,4- substitution patterns of the pyrazole ring versus the 1,4,5 arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Buffa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- InfectoPharm Arzneimittel und Consilium GmbH, Von-Humboldt-Str.1, 64646, Heppenheim, Germany
| | - Christian Meyners
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- InfectoPharm Arzneimittel und Consilium GmbH, Von-Humboldt-Str.1, 64646, Heppenheim, Germany
| | - Wisely Oki Sugiarto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- InfectoPharm Arzneimittel und Consilium GmbH, Von-Humboldt-Str.1, 64646, Heppenheim, Germany
| | - Michael Bauder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- InfectoPharm Arzneimittel und Consilium GmbH, Von-Humboldt-Str.1, 64646, Heppenheim, Germany
| | - Steffen Gaali
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg
| | - Felix Hausch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- InfectoPharm Arzneimittel und Consilium GmbH, Von-Humboldt-Str.1, 64646, Heppenheim, Germany
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Technical University Darmstadt, Germany
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2
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Wang L, Kumar R, Winblad B, Pavlov PF. Structure-based discovery of small molecule inhibitors of FKBP51-Hsp90 protein-protein interaction. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 270:116356. [PMID: 38579621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The heat shock protein 90 kDa (Hsp90) molecular chaperone machinery is responsible for the folding and activation of hundreds of important clients such as kinases, steroid hormone receptors, transcription factors, etc. This process is dynamically regulated in an ATP-dependent manner by Hsp90 co-chaperones including a group of tetratricopeptide (TPR) motif proteins that bind to the C-terminus of Hsp90. Among these TPR containing co-chaperones, FK506-binding protein 51 kDa (FKBP51) is reported to play an important role in stress-related pathologies, psychiatric disorders, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer, making FKBP51-Hsp90 interaction a potential therapeutic target. In this study, we report identification of potent and selective inhibitors of FKBP51-Hsp90 protein-protein interaction using a structure-based virtual screening approach. Upon in vitro evaluation, the identified hits show a considerable degree of selectivity towards FKBP51 over other TPR proteins, particularly for highly homologous FKBP52. Tyr355 of FKBP51 emerged as an important contributor to inhibitor's specificity. Additionally, we demonstrate the impact of these inhibitors on cellular energy metabolism, and neurite outgrowth, which are subjects of FKBP51 regulation. Overall, the results from this study highlight a novel pharmacological approach towards regulation of FKBP51 function and more generally, Hsp90 function via its interaction with TPR co-chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Solna, Sweden; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), 221005, Varanasi, India.
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Solna, Sweden; Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Pavel F Pavlov
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Solna, Sweden
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3
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Charalampidou A, Nehls T, Meyners C, Gandhesiri S, Pomplun S, Pentelute BL, Lermyte F, Hausch F. Automated Flow Peptide Synthesis Enables Engineering of Proteins with Stabilized Transient Binding Pockets. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:649-657. [PMID: 38559286 PMCID: PMC10979424 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Engineering at the amino acid level is key to enhancing the properties of existing proteins in a desired manner. So far, protein engineering has been dominated by genetic approaches, which have been extremely powerful but only allow for minimal variations beyond the canonical amino acids. Chemical peptide synthesis allows the unrestricted incorporation of a vast set of unnatural amino acids with much broader functionalities, including the incorporation of post-translational modifications or labels. Here we demonstrate the potential of chemical synthesis to generate proteins in a specific conformation, which would have been unattainable by recombinant protein expression. We use recently established rapid automated flow peptide synthesis combined with solid-phase late-stage modifications to rapidly generate a set of FK506-binding protein 51 constructs bearing defined intramolecular lactam bridges. This trapped an otherwise rarely populated transient pocket-as confirmed by crystal structures-which led to an up to 39-fold improved binding affinity for conformation-selective ligands and represents a unique system for the development of ligands for this rare conformation. Overall, our results show how rapid automated flow peptide synthesis can be applied to precision protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Charalampidou
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute,
Department of Chemistry, Technical University
of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Nehls
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute,
Department of Chemistry, Technical University
of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Meyners
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute,
Department of Chemistry, Technical University
of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Satish Gandhesiri
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sebastian Pomplun
- Leiden
Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg
55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bradley L. Pentelute
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Frederik Lermyte
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute,
Department of Chemistry, Technical University
of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Department
of Synthetic Biology, Technical University
of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Felix Hausch
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute,
Department of Chemistry, Technical University
of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Department
of Synthetic Biology, Technical University
of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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4
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Deutscher RCE, Safa Karagöz M, Purder PL, Kolos JM, Meyners C, Oki Sugiarto W, Krajczy P, Tebbe F, Geiger TM, Ünal C, Hellmich UA, Steinert M, Hausch F. [4.3.1]Bicyclic FKBP Ligands Inhibit Legionella Pneumophila Infection by LpMip-Dependent and LpMip-Independent Mechanisms. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300442. [PMID: 37489700 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, a serious form of pneumonia. Its macrophage infectivity potentiator (Mip), a member of a highly conserved family of FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs), plays a major role in the proliferation of the gram-negative bacterium in host organisms. In this work, we test our library of >1000 FKBP-focused ligands for inhibition of LpMip. The [4.3.1]-bicyclic sulfonamide turned out as a highly preferred scaffold and provided the most potent LpMip inhibitors known so far. Selected compounds were non-toxic to human cells, displayed antibacterial activity and block bacterial proliferation in cellular infection-assays as well as infectivity in human lung tissue explants. The results confirm [4.3.1]-bicyclic sulfonamides as anti-legionellal agents, although their anti-infective properties cannot be explained by inhibition of LpMip alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin C E Deutscher
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Safa Karagöz
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Patrick L Purder
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jürgen M Kolos
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Meyners
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wisely Oki Sugiarto
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Patryk Krajczy
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Frederike Tebbe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Germany, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas M Geiger
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Can Ünal
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ute A Hellmich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Germany, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankurt/Main, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Steinert
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Felix Hausch
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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5
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Buffa V, Knaup FH, Heymann T, Springer M, Schmidt MV, Hausch F. Analysis of the Selective Antagonist SAFit2 as a Chemical Probe for the FK506-Binding Protein 51. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:361-371. [PMID: 36926456 PMCID: PMC10012253 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51) has emerged as an important regulator of the mammalian stress response and is involved in persistent pain states and metabolic pathways. The FK506 analog SAFit2 (short for selective antagonist of FKBP51 by induced fit) was the first potent and selective FKBP51 ligand with an acceptable pharmacokinetic profile. At present, SAFit2 represents the gold standard for FKBP51 pharmacology and has been extensively used in numerous biological studies. Here we review the current knowledge on SAFit2 as well as guidelines for its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Buffa
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Fabian H. Knaup
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tim Heymann
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Margherita Springer
- Research
Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias V. Schmidt
- Research
Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Hausch
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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6
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Lerma Romero JA, Meyners C, Christmann A, Reinbold LM, Charalampidou A, Hausch F, Kolmar H. Binding pocket stabilization by high-throughput screening of yeast display libraries. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1023131. [DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1023131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein dynamics have a great influence on the binding pockets of some therapeutic targets. Flexible protein binding sites can result in transient binding pocket formation which might have a negative impact on drug screening efforts. Here, we describe a protein engineering strategy with FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51) as a model protein, which is a promising target for stress-related disorders. High-throughput screening of yeast display libraries of FKBP51 resulted in the identification of variants exhibiting higher affinity binding of conformation-specific FKBP51 selective inhibitors. The gene libraries of a random mutagenesis and site saturation mutagenesis of the FK1 domain of FKBP51 encoding sequence were used to create a yeast surface display library. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting for FKBP51 variants that bind conformation-specific fluorescently labeled ligands with high affinity allowed for the identification of 15 different protein variants with improved binding to either, or both FKBP51-specific ligands used in the screening, with improved affinities up to 34-fold compared to the wild type. These variants will pave the way to a better understanding of the conformational flexibility of the FKBP51 binding pocket and may enable the isolation of new selective ligands that preferably and selectively bind the active site of the protein in its open conformation state.
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7
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Aher RD, Ishikawa A, Yamanaka M, Tanaka F. Catalytic Enantioselective Construction of Decalin Derivatives by Dynamic Kinetic Desymmetrization of C2-Symmetric Derivatives through Aldol-Aldol Annulation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8151-8157. [PMID: 35666096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have developed and investigated a catalytic desymmetrization reaction strategy that affords functionalized decalin derivatives with high enantioselectivities from C2-symmetric derivatives through aldol-aldol annulation. We identified the structural moieties of the catalyst necessary for the formation of the decalin derivative with high enantioselectivity. We elucidated the mechanisms of the catalyzed reactions: the first aldol reaction step was reversible, and the second aldol step was rate-limiting and stereochemistry-determining and was enantioselective. Using theoretical calculations guided by the experimental results, we identified the interactions between the catalyst and the transition state that led to the major enantiomer. The information obtained in this study will be useful for the development of catalysts and chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra D Aher
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nish-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nish-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Fujie Tanaka
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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8
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Voll AM, Meyners C, Taubert MC, Bajaj T, Heymann T, Merz S, Charalampidou A, Kolos J, Purder PL, Geiger TM, Wessig P, Gassen NC, Bracher A, Hausch F. Makrozyklische FKBP51‐Liganden enthüllen einen transienten Bindungsmodus mit erhöhter Selektivität. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M. Voll
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Christian Meyners
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Martha C. Taubert
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Thomas Bajaj
- Research Group Neurohomeostasis Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Bonn Venusberg Campus 1 53127 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Tim Heymann
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Stephanie Merz
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Anna Charalampidou
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Jürgen Kolos
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Patrick L. Purder
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Thomas M. Geiger
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Pablo Wessig
- Universität Potsdam Institut für Chemie Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–25 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Nils C. Gassen
- Research Group Neurohomeostasis Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Bonn Venusberg Campus 1 53127 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Andreas Bracher
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry Am Klopferspitz 18 82152 Martinsried Deutschland
| | - Felix Hausch
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
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9
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Voll AM, Meyners C, Taubert MC, Bajaj T, Heymann T, Merz S, Charalampidou A, Kolos J, Purder PL, Geiger TM, Wessig P, Gassen NC, Bracher A, Hausch F. Macrocyclic FKBP51 Ligands Define a Transient Binding Mode with Enhanced Selectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13257-13263. [PMID: 33843131 PMCID: PMC8252719 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Subtype selectivity represents a challenge in many drug discovery campaigns. A typical example is the FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP51), which has emerged as an attractive drug target. The most advanced FKBP51 ligands of the SAFit class are highly selective vs. FKBP52 but poorly discriminate against the homologs and off-targets FKBP12 and FKBP12.6. During a macrocyclization pilot study, we observed that many of these macrocyclic analogs have unanticipated and unprecedented preference for FKBP51 over FKBP12 and FKBP12.6. Structural studies revealed that these macrocycles bind with a new binding mode featuring a transient conformation, which is disfavored for the small FKBPs. Using a conformation-sensitive assay we show that this binding mode occurs in solution and is characteristic for this new class of compounds. The discovered macrocycles are non-immunosuppressive, engage FKBP51 in cells, and block the cellular effect of FKBP51 on IKKα. Our findings provide a new chemical scaffold for improved FKBP51 ligands and the structural basis for enhanced selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M. Voll
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Christian Meyners
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Martha C. Taubert
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Thomas Bajaj
- Research Group NeurohomeostasisDepartment of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of BonnVenusberg Campus 153127BonnGermany
| | - Tim Heymann
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Stephanie Merz
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Anna Charalampidou
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Jürgen Kolos
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Patrick L. Purder
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Thomas M. Geiger
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Pablo Wessig
- Universität PotsdamInstitut für ChemieKarl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24–2514476PotsdamGermany
| | - Nils C. Gassen
- Research Group NeurohomeostasisDepartment of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of BonnVenusberg Campus 153127BonnGermany
| | - Andreas Bracher
- Max-Planck-Institute of BiochemistryAm Klopferspitz 1882152MartinsriedGermany
| | - Felix Hausch
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
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10
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Bauder M, Meyners C, Purder PL, Merz S, Sugiarto WO, Voll AM, Heymann T, Hausch F. Structure-Based Design of High-Affinity Macrocyclic FKBP51 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3320-3349. [PMID: 33666419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51) emerged as a key player in several diseases like stress-related disorders, chronic pain, and obesity. Linear analogues of FK506 called SAFit were shown to be highly selective for FKBP51 over its closest homologue FKBP52, allowing the proof-of-concept studies in animal models. Here, we designed and synthesized the first macrocyclic FKBP51-selective ligands to stabilize the active conformation. All macrocycles retained full FKBP51 affinity and selectivity over FKBP52 and the incorporation of polar functionalities further enhanced affinity. Six high-resolution crystal structures of macrocyclic inhibitors in complex with FKBP51 confirmed the desired selectivity-enabling binding mode. Our results show that macrocyclization is a viable strategy to target the shallow FKBP51 binding site selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bauder
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Meyners
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Patrick L Purder
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stephanie Merz
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wisely Oki Sugiarto
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas M Voll
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tim Heymann
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Felix Hausch
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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