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Zhou M, Boulos JC, Klauck SM, Efferth T. The cardiac glycoside ZINC253504760 induces parthanatos-type cell death and G2/M arrest via downregulation of MEK1/2 phosphorylation in leukemia cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:2971-2997. [PMID: 37322258 PMCID: PMC10693532 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-023-09813-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR) represents a major obstacle in cancer chemotherapy. Cardiac glycosides (CGs) are efficient in the treatment of heart failure and recently emerged in a new role in the treatment of cancer. ZINC253504760, a synthetic cardenolide that is structurally similar to well-known GCs, digitoxin and digoxin, has not been investigated yet. This study aims to investigate the cytotoxicity of ZINC253504760 on MDR cell lines and its molecular mode of action for cancer treatment. Four drug-resistant cell lines (P-glycoprotein-, ABCB5-, and EGFR-overexpressing cells, and TP53-knockout cells) did not show cross-resistance to ZINC253504760 except BCRP-overexpressing cells. Transcriptomic profiling indicated that cell death and survival as well as cell cycle (G2/M damage) were the top cellular functions affected by ZINC253504760 in CCRF-CEM cells, while CDK1 was linked with the downregulation of MEK and ERK. With flow cytometry, ZINC253504760 induced G2/M phase arrest. Interestingly, ZINC253504760 induced a novel state-of-the-art mode of cell death (parthanatos) through PARP and PAR overexpression as shown by western blotting, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) translocation by immunofluorescence, DNA damage by comet assay, and mitochondrial membrane potential collapse by flow cytometry. These results were ROS-independent. Furthermore, ZINC253504760 is an ATP-competitive MEK inhibitor evidenced by its interaction with the MEK phosphorylation site as shown by molecular docking in silico and binding to recombinant MEK by microscale thermophoresis in vitro. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to describe a cardenolide that induces parthanatos in leukemia cells, which may help to improve efforts to overcome drug resistance in cancer. A cardiac glycoside compound ZINC253504760 displayed cytotoxicity against different multidrug-resistant cell lines. ZINC253504760 exhibited cytotoxicity in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells by predominantly inducing a new mode of cell death (parthanatos). ZINC253504760 downregulated MEK1/2 phosphorylation and further affected ERK activation, which induced G2/M phase arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University-Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joelle C Boulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University-Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabine M Klauck
- Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), National Center for Tumor Disease (NCT), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University-Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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2
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You HM, Wang L, Meng HW, Huang C, Fang GY, Li J. Pyroptosis: shedding light on the mechanisms and links with cancers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1290885. [PMID: 38016064 PMCID: PMC10651733 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1290885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death (PCD) discovered after apoptosis and necrosis, is characterized by cell swelling, cytomembrane perforation and lysis, chromatin DNA fragmentation, and the release of intracellular proinflammatory contents, such as Interleukin (IL) 8, IL-1β, ATP, IL-1α, and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Our understanding of pyroptosis has increased over time with an increase in research on the subject: gasdermin-mediated lytic PCD usually, but not always, requires cleavage by caspases. Moreover, new evidence suggests that pyroptosis induction in tumor cells results in a strong inflammatory response and significant cancer regression, which has stimulated great interest among scientists for its potential application in clinical cancer therapy. It's worth noting that the side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy can be triggered by pyroptosis. Thus, the intelligent use of pyroptosis, the double-edged sword for tumors, will enable us to understand the genesis and development of cancers and provide potential methods to develop novel anticancer drugs based on pyroptosis. Hence, in this review, we systematically summarize the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis and provide the latest available evidence supporting the antitumor properties of pyroptosis, and provide a summary of the various antitumor medicines targeting pyroptosis signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-mei You
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shangyu People’s Hospital of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, China
| | - Hong-wu Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guo-ying Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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3
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Hu X, Gao X, Gao G, Wang Y, Cao H, Li D, Hua H. Discovery of β-carboline-(phenylsulfonyl)furoxan hybrids as potential anti-breast cancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 40:127952. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hossan MS, Break MKB, Bradshaw TD, Collins HM, Wiart C, Khoo TJ, Alafnan A. Novel Semi-Synthetic Cu (II)-Cardamonin Complex Exerts Potent Anticancer Activity against Triple-Negative Breast and Pancreatic Cancer Cells via Inhibition of the Akt Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082166. [PMID: 33918814 PMCID: PMC8069646 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardamonin is a polyphenolic natural product that has been shown to possess cytotoxic activity against a variety of cancer cell lines. We previously reported the semi-synthesis of a novel Cu (II)–cardamonin complex (19) that demonstrated potent antitumour activity. In this study, we further investigated the bioactivity of 19 against MDA-MB-468 and PANC-1 cancer cells in an attempt to discover an effective treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and pancreatic cancer, respectively. Results revealed that 19 abolished the formation of MDA-MB-468 and PANC-1 colonies, exerted growth-inhibitory activity, and inhibited cancer cell migration. Further mechanistic studies showed that 19 induced DNA damage resulting in gap 2 (G2)/mitosis (M) phase arrest and microtubule network disruption. Moreover, 19 generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may contribute to induction of apoptosis, corroborated by activation of caspase-3/7, PARP cleavage, and downregulation of Mcl-1. Complex 19 also decreased the expression levels of p-Akt and p-4EBP1, which indicates that the compound exerts its activity, at least in part, via inhibition of Akt signalling. Furthermore, 19 decreased the expression of c-Myc in PANC-1 cells only, which suggests that it may exert its bioactivity via multiple mechanisms of action. These results demonstrate the potential of 19 as a therapeutic agent for TNBC and pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahadat Hossan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
- Correspondence: (M.S.H.); (M.K.B.B.); (T.D.B.); Tel.: +44-115-823-2017 (M.S.H.); +96-692-000-5995 (ext. 1668) (M.K.B.B.); +44-115-951-5033 (T.D.B.)
| | - Mohammed Khaled Bin Break
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81411, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.S.H.); (M.K.B.B.); (T.D.B.); Tel.: +44-115-823-2017 (M.S.H.); +96-692-000-5995 (ext. 1668) (M.K.B.B.); +44-115-951-5033 (T.D.B.)
| | - Tracey D. Bradshaw
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
- Correspondence: (M.S.H.); (M.K.B.B.); (T.D.B.); Tel.: +44-115-823-2017 (M.S.H.); +96-692-000-5995 (ext. 1668) (M.K.B.B.); +44-115-951-5033 (T.D.B.)
| | - Hilary M. Collins
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Christophe Wiart
- Centre for Natural and Medicinal Product Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia; (C.W.); (T.-J.K.)
| | - Teng-Jin Khoo
- Centre for Natural and Medicinal Product Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia; (C.W.); (T.-J.K.)
| | - Ahmed Alafnan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81411, Saudi Arabia;
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Miltirone induces cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma cell through GSDME-dependent pyroptosis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1397-1413. [PMID: 32963939 PMCID: PMC7488361 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death, and recently described as a new molecular mechanism of chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of tumors. Miltirone, a derivative of phenanthrene-quinone isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has been shown to possess anti-cancer activities. Here, we found that miltirone inhibited the cell viability of either HepG2 or Hepa1-6 cells, and induced the proteolytic cleavage of gasdermin E (GSDME) in each hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line, with concomitant cleavage of caspase 3. Knocking out GSDME switched miltirone-induced cell death from pyroptosis to apoptosis. Additionally, the induction effects of miltirone on GSDME-dependent pyroptosis were attenuated by siRNA-mediated caspase three silencing and the specific caspase three inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK, respectively. Miltirone effectively elicited intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and suppressed phosphorylation of mitogen-activated and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) and extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) for pyroptosis induction. Moreover, miltirone significantly inhibited tumor growth and induced pyroptosis in the Hepa1-6 mouse HCC syngeneic model. These results provide a new insight that miltirone is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of HCC via GSDME-dependent pyroptosis.
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Key Words
- 7-AAD, 7-aminoactinomycin D
- AKT, AKT serine/threonine kinase, also known as protein kinase B
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- BAX, BCL2-associated X
- CCK-8, cell counting kit-8
- CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
- Cas9, caspase 9
- Cell death
- DCFH-DA, dye 2,7-dichlorofluoresce diacetate
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- ECL, enhanced chemiluminescence
- ERK1/2, extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GSDMD, gasdermin D
- GSDME
- GSDME, gasdermin E
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- HepG2
- Hepa1-6
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- IC50, the half maximal inhibitory concentration
- IgG (H + L), immunoglobulin G (heavy chain + light chain)
- KO, knockout
- LDH, lactic dehydrogenase
- MEK, mitogen-activated and extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- MEM, minimum essential medium
- MMP, mitochondrial membrane potential
- MS, mass spectrum
- Miltirone
- N-GSDME, N-terminal GSDME
- NAC, N-acetyl cysteine
- NC, negative control
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- NS, no significance
- PARP, poly ADP-ribose polymerase
- PBS, phosphate-based buffer
- PI, propidium iodide
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- Pyroptosis
- RIPA, radioimmunoprecipitation assay
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SD, standard deviation
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- TBST, Tris-buffered saline with Tween solution
- TCGA, the Cancer Genome Atlas
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- gRNA, guide RNA
- i.p., intraperitoneal
- i.v., intravenous
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- p-AKT, phosphorylated-AKT
- p-ERK1/2, phosphorylated-ERK1/2
- p-MEK, phosphorylated-MEK
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Efferth T, Saeed ME, Kadioglu O, Seo EJ, Shirooie S, Mbaveng AT, Nabavi SM, Kuete V. Collateral sensitivity of natural products in drug-resistant cancer cells. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 38:107342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Yang H, Li H, Xu D. High-density micro-well array with aptamer-silver conjugates for cell sorting and imaging at single cells. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1063:127-135. [PMID: 30967176 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing cell behavior is important to modern medical diagnoses as the changes of cell behavior are often indicators of huge diseases. In order to gain enough information about cells, developing novel methods of cell sorting and imaging is an important task. With development of micro-fabrication technologies, more advanced miniaturized devices are applied to cell research. Here, a portable and easy-to-use chip with high-density periodic micro-well array is designed and fabricated to capture target cells specifically. Combining with aptamer-silver conjugates and FAM functioned report probes, the sandwich assay was successfully applied for imaging cells. Any well of the chip is carefully designed to provide abundant information on single cells. Since there are 19,200 microwells in a single chip, more information is available. Compared to other cells, such as HEK-293, MCF-7, U2OS and Ramos cells, the sandwich assay shows high specificity towards target cell CCRF-CEM. What's more, the applications of the chip can be further expanded to other cells imaging if suitable aptamers were selected. This high-density micro-well array of aptamer-silver conjugates is hopeful to play an important role in medical diagnosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, No 163, Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, No 163, Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Danke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, No 163, Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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8
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Zhang MF, Liu YX, Jiang KY, Niu HM, Jiang JL, Dong ST, Wang X, Wang DF, Meng SN. Alteration of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1a1, 1a7 and P-glycoprotein expression in hepatic fibrosis rats and the impact on pharmacokinetics of puerarin. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:264-271. [PMID: 30599907 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Puerarin, derived from a traditional Chinese herb Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi which was distributed globally and planted in most parts of China, has been extensively applied in patients with cardiovascular diseases in China. Yet a considerable proportion of the patients were accompanied with liver illnesses simultaneously because of all sorts of reasons. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE It had been implied by some previous research that the absorption and the metabolism of puerarin were susceptible to liver issues due to changed P-gp and Ugt1a level, but pharmacokinetics of puerarin under such conditions were few concerned. Our study aimed to make sure whether and how much the behavior of puerarin in vivo was affected by hepatic diseases, and to explore the potential mechanisms. METHODS A CCl4 induced rat model of hepatic fibrosis (HF) was prepared and verified. Single low/high doses of oral and intravenous administration of puerarin to HF and normal rats were performed. Pharmacokinetics of puerarin were determined by a validated HPLC method. The expression of P-gp, Ugt1a1, and Ugt1a7 in both liver and intestines were determined by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis respectively. RESULTS The systemic exposure of puerarin in HF rats of experimental groups were found decreased remarkably except for that of the high dose intravenous group. Moreover, the expression of P-gp, Ugt1a1, and Ugt1a7 in liver and intestines of HF rats were figured out increased. CONCLUSION The results indicated that the HF originated overexpression of Ugt1a1, Ugt1a7, and P-gp level played important roles in pharmacokinetics of puerarin, suggested the clinical regimen of puerarin based on normal populations might be inappropriate for patients with chronic liver diseases. It was implied drugs whose absorption or elimination were related to P-gp, Ugt1a1, or Ugt1a7 might also be affected by hepatic illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Kun-Yu Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui-Min Niu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jia-Lei Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Song-Tao Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Di-Fei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Sheng-Nan Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Wu Q, Zheng K, Huang X, Li L, Mei W. Tanshinone-IIA-Based Analogues of Imidazole Alkaloid Act as Potent Inhibitors To Block Breast Cancer Invasion and Metastasis in Vivo. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10488-10501. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Gaungzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kangdi Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Gaungzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoting Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Gaungzhou, 510006, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Gaungzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenjie Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Gaungzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Centre for molecular Probe & Bio-medicine Imaging, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou key laboratory of construction and application of new drug screening model systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Ochwang'i DO, Kimwele CN, Oduma JA, Gathumbi PK, Kiama SG, Efferth T. Cytotoxic activity of medicinal plants of the Kakamega County (Kenya) against drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 215:233-240. [PMID: 29309859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The geographical location of Kakamega County proximal to the Kakamega Rain Forest in Kenya and its rich flora represents an interesting resource of traditional medicinal plants. The medicinal plants in the present study are traditionally used to treat cancer in Kakamega County as recorded in published literature. AIM OF THE STUDY Due to multidrug resistance (MDR) and severe side effects of currently used drugs in clinical oncology, new candidate compounds are urgently required to improve treatment outcome. The present study explored the in vitro cytotoxic potential of 34 organic and 19 aqueous extracts of Kakamega medicinal plants towards sensitive and multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines. METHODS AND RESULTS The cytotoxicity was determined using the resazurin assay. Eight organic and two aqueous plant extracts inhibited the growth of CCRF-CEM leukemia cells by more than 50%. The organic extracts were Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex poir (6.6% of untreated control), Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman (19.4%), Entada abyssinica Steud. ex A. Rich (38.6%), Phyllanthus fischeri Pax (40.7%), Shirakiopsis elliptica (Hochst.) Esser Synonym: Sapium ellipticum (Hochst. kraus) Pax (41.8%), Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Baill (45.4%) and Futumia africana Benth. (45.8%) and Microglossa pyrifolia (Lam.) Kuntze (48%). The aqueous extracts were Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Baill (31.3%) and Shirakiopsis elliptica (Hochst.) Esser Synonym: Sapium ellipticum (Hochst. Kraus) Pax (48.2%). In addition to P-glycoprotein-expressing tumor cells, we also investigated other mechanisms of drug resistance, i.e. BCRP- or EGFR-transfected and TP53-knockout tumor cells. Some extracts also showed considerable cytotoxic activity against these drug-resistant cell lines. As demonstrated for selected examples, some extracts exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity towards cancer cells, if applied in combination with other extracts. DISCUSSION The panel of medicinal plants used in the Kakamega County for cancer treatment revealed indeed cytotoxicity to various extent towards cancer cells in vitro. Hence, our results may at least in part substantiate the traditional use of these compounds to treat cancer. Even more interesting, several extracts inhibited otherwise drug-resistant tumor cell lines with similar or even better efficacy than their drug-sensitive counterparts. This provides an attractive perspective for further exploration of their anticancer potential to combat drug resistance of refractory tumors.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Medicine, African Traditional
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Oxazines/metabolism
- Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
- Xanthenes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic O Ochwang'i
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
| | - Charles N Kimwele
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
| | - Jemimah A Oduma
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
| | - Peter K Gathumbi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Parasitology and Microbiology, University of Nairobi, P.O. BOX 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Stephen G Kiama
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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11
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Zhu Z. Miltirone-induced apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cells through upregulation of p53 signaling pathways. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8841-8846. [PMID: 29928326 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The active ingredients of natural plants are important sources of antitumor agents. Miltirone is a major effective ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine and it is considered to have anti-infection and immunosuppressive activities. Clinically, it is often used for the treatment of arthritis and immune diseases. The effect of miltirone on cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cells has not been investigated to date. The present study aimed to examine the anticancer effect of miltirone in cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cells. Treatment with miltirone suppressed cell viability and induced apoptosis in HCC827 and A549 platinum-resistant lung cancer cells. It was also revealed that miltirone increased caspase-3/8 activity as well as B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X-protein, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), p53 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein expression, whereas it inhibited mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/9 protein expression in HCC827 and A549 platinum-resistant lung cancer cells. The results of the present study demonstrated that miltirone induces apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cells through ROS-p53, AIF, PARP and MMP2/9 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongcheng Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
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12
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Özenver N, Saeed M, Demirezer LÖ, Efferth T. Aloe-emodin as drug candidate for cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2018; 9:17770-17796. [PMID: 29707146 PMCID: PMC5915154 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As a leading cause of global mortality, cancer frequently cannot be cured due to the development of drug resistance. Therefore, novel drugs are required. Naturally occurring anthraquinones are mostly present in Rumex and Rhamnus species and are of interest because of their structural similarity to anthracyclines as well established anticancer drugs. In the present study, we focused on the structural elucidation of phytochemicals from R. acetosella as well as the investigation of cytotoxicity and modes of action of the main anthraquinone aglycons (emodin, Aloe-emodin, physcion, rhein). Resazurin reduction and protease viability marker assays were conducted to test their cytotoxicity. Microarray-based gene expression profiling was performed to identify cellular pathways affected by the compounds, which was validated by qPCR analyses and functional assays. Flow cytometry was used to measure cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and necrosis, induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). The comet assay was used to detect DNA damage. Aloe-emodin as the most cytotoxic compound revealed IC50 values from 9.872 μM to 22.3 μM in drug-sensitive wild-type cell lines and from 11.19 μM to 33.76 μM in drug-resistant sublines, was selected to investigate its mechanism against cancer. Aloe-emodin-induced S phase arrest, ROS generation, DNA damage and apoptosis. Microarray hybridization revealed a profile of deregulated genes in Aloe-emodin-treated CCRF-CEM cells with diverse functions such as cell death and survival, cellular growth and proliferation, cellular development, gene expression, cellular function and maintenance. Aloe-emodin as well as R. acetosella deserve further investigations as possible antineoplastic drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadire Özenver
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mohamed Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lütfiye Ömur Demirezer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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13
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Break MKB, Hossan MS, Khoo Y, Qazzaz ME, Al-Hayali MZK, Chow SC, Wiart C, Bradshaw TD, Collins H, Khoo TJ. Discovery of a highly active anticancer analogue of cardamonin that acts as an inducer of caspase-dependent apoptosis and modulator of the mTOR pathway. Fitoterapia 2018; 125:161-173. [PMID: 29355749 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardamonin is a natural chalcone that has been shown to exhibit high anticancer activity. In an attempt to discover analogues of cardamonin with enhanced anticancer activity, 19 analogues were synthesized and tested against A549 and HK1 cell lines. Results of the MTS cell viability assay showed that several derivatives possessed cytotoxic activities that were several-fold more potent than cardamonin. SAR analysis showed the importance of the ketone and alkene groups for bioactivity, while substituting cardamonin's phenolic groups with more polar moieties resulted in activity enhancement. As part of the SAR study and further exploration of chemical space, the effect of metal coordination on cytotoxicity was also investigated, but it was only possible to successfully obtain the Cu (II) complex of cardamonin (19). Compound 19 was the most active analogue possessing IC50 values of 13.2μM and 0.7μM against A549 and HK1 cells, corresponding to a 5- and 32-fold increase in activity, respectively. It was also able to significantly inhibit the migration of A549 and HK1 cells. Further mode of action studies have shown that the most active analogue, 19, induced DNA damage resulting in G2/M-phase cell- cycle arrest in both cell lines. These events further led to the induction of apoptosis by the compound via caspase-3/7 and caspase-9 activation, PARP cleavage and downregulation of Mcl-1 expression. Moreover, 19 inhibited the expression levels of p-mTOR and p-4EBP1, which indicated that it exerted its anticancer activity, at least in part, via inhibition of the mTOR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Khaled Bin Break
- Centre for Natural and Medicinal Product Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Md Shahadat Hossan
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Science, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Yivonn Khoo
- Centre for Natural and Medicinal Product Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Mohannad Emad Qazzaz
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Science, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mohammed Z K Al-Hayali
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Science, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sek Chuen Chow
- School of Science, Monash University Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 46150, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Christophe Wiart
- Centre for Natural and Medicinal Product Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Tracey D Bradshaw
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Science, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hilary Collins
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Science, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Teng-Jin Khoo
- Centre for Natural and Medicinal Product Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Malaysia.
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14
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Hamdoun S, Fleischer E, Klinger A, Efferth T. Lawsone derivatives target the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in multidrug-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 146:63-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Hung YC, Pan TL, Hu WL. Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species in Anticancer Therapy with Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5293284. [PMID: 27579153 PMCID: PMC4989081 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5293284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. We aim to provide a systematic review about the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in anticancer therapy with Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen). Danshen, including its lipophilic and hydrophilic constituents, is potentially beneficial for treating various cancers. The mechanisms of ROS-related anticancer effects of Danshen vary depending on the specific type of cancer cells involved. Danshen may enhance TNF-α-induced apoptosis, upregulate caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, endoplasmic reticulum stress, P21, P53, Bax/Bcl-2, DR5, and AMP-activated protein kinase, or activate the p38/JNK, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and FasL signaling pathways. Conversely, Danshen may downregulate human telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA, telomerase, survivin, vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, CD31, NF-κB, Erk1/2, matrix metalloproteinases, microtubule assembly, and receptor tyrosine kinases including epidermal growth factor receptors, HER2, and P-glycoprotein and inhibit the PI3K/Akt/mTOR or estrogen receptor signaling pathways. Therefore, Danshen may inhibit cancer cells proliferation through antioxidation on tumor initiation and induce apoptosis or autophagy through ROS generation on tumor progression, tumor promotion, and tumor metastasis. Based on the available evidence regarding its anticancer properties, this review provides new insights for further anticancer research or clinical trials with Danshen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chiang Hung
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dapi Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 83342, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Syuecheng Road, Dashu District, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Long Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan 83302, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsush-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Long Hu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dapi Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 83342, Taiwan; Kaohsiung Medical University College of Medicine, No. 100, Shihcyuan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Fooyin University College of Nursing, No. 151, Chinhsueh Road, Ta-Liao District, Kaohsiung 831, Taiwan
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16
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Guo L, Lv G, Qiu L, Yang H, Zhang L, Yu H, Zou M, Lin J. Insights into anticancer activity and mechanism of action of a ruthenium(II) complex in human esophageal squamous carcinoma EC109 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 786:60-71. [PMID: 27262377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
A ruthenium(II) complex [Ru(p-cymene)(NHC)Cl2] (NHC=1,3-bis(4-(tert-butyl)benzylimidazol-2-ylidene), referred to as L-4, has been designed and synthesized recently in order to look for new anticancer drugs with high efficacy and low side effects. The anticancer activity and mechanism of action of L-4 in human esophageal squamous carcinoma EC109 cells were systematically investigated. The results revealed that L-4 exerted strong inhibitory effect on the proliferation of EC109 cells, and it arrested EC109 cells at G2/M phase, accompanied with the up-regulation of p53 and p21 and the down-regulation of cyclin D1. The results also showed that the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent apoptosis of EC109 can be induced by L-4 via inhibiting the activity of glutathione reductase (GR), decreasing the ratio of glutathione to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species. The mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of EC109 induced by L-4 was also observed from the increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, overload of Ca(2+), disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), redistribution of cytochrome c, and activation of caspase-3/-9. However, the effects of L-4 on the cell viability, GR activity, GSH/GSSG ratio, reactive oxygen species level, mitochondria dysfunction and apoptosis induction were remarkably attenuated by adding the reactive oxygen species scavenger, NAC. Therefore, it was concluded that L-4 can inhibit the proliferation of EC109 cells via blocking cell cycle progression and inducing reactive oxygen species-dependent and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. These findings suggested that the ruthenium(II) complex might be a potential effective chemotherapeutic agent for human esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC) and worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Gaochao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Huixin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Meifen Zou
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China.
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17
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Two novel phenanthraquinones with anti-cancer activity isolated from Bletilla striata. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2375-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Wang L, Hu T, Shen J, Zhang L, Li LF, Chan RLY, Li MX, Wu WKK, Cho CH. Miltirone induced mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS-dependent apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Life Sci 2016; 151:224-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Pan XW, Chen L, Hong Y, Xu DF, Liu X, Li L, Huang Y, Cui LM, Gan SS, Yang QW, Huang H, Qu FJ, Ye JQ, Wang LH, Cui XG. EIF3D silencing suppresses renal cell carcinoma tumorigenesis via inducing G2/M arrest through downregulation of Cyclin B1/CDK1 signaling. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2580-90. [PMID: 27035563 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no effective therapies for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), except for VEGFR inhibitors with only ~50% response rate. To identify novel targets and biomarkers for RCC is of great importance in treating RCC. In this study, we observed that eukaryotic initiation factor 3d (EIF3D) expression was significantly increased in RCC compared with paracarcinoma tissue using immunohistochemistry staining and western blot analysis. Furthermore, bioinformatics meta-analysis using ONCOMINE microarray datasets showed that EIF3D mRNA expressions in CCRCC tissue specimens were significantly higher than that in normal tissue specimens. In addition, RCC tissue microarray demonstrated that elevated EIF3D expression was positively correlated with TNM stage and tumor size. EIF3D silencing in human 786-O and ACHN CCRCC cell lines by RNA interference demonstrated that EIF3D knockdown obviously inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation, caused G2/M arrest through downregulation of Cyclin B1 and Cdk1 and upregulation of p21, and induced apoptosis shown by sub-G1 accumulation and RARP cleavage. Moreover, correlation analysis using ONCOMINE microarray datasets indicated that increased EIF3D mRNA expression was positively correlated to PCNA, Cyclin B1 and CDK1 mRNA expression in RCC. Collectively, these results provide reasonable evidences that EIF3D may function as a potential proto-oncogene that participates in the occurrence and progression of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Wu Pan
- Department of Urinary Surgery of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Urinary Surgery of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Yi Hong
- Duruo Biotechnologies Inc., Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Feng Xu
- Department of Urinary Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Urinary Surgery of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Urinary Surgery of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Urinary Surgery of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ming Cui
- Department of Urinary Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Si-Shun Gan
- Department of Urinary Surgery of Third Affiliated Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Wei Yang
- Department of Urinary Surgery of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Urinary Surgery of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Fa-Jun Qu
- Department of Urinary Surgery of Third Affiliated Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Qing Ye
- Department of Urinary Surgery of Third Affiliated Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Hui Wang
- Department of Urinary Surgery of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Gang Cui
- Department of Urinary Surgery of Third Affiliated Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China
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20
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Miltirone exhibits antileukemic activity by ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction pathways. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20585. [PMID: 26848099 PMCID: PMC4742825 DOI: 10.1038/srep20585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of miltirone in human leukemia cell lines, primary leukemia cells, and nude mice U937 xenograft. Treatment of cells with miltirone resulted in apoptosis, mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) collapses, increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and cytochrome c release. Miltirone triggered the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress identified through several key molecules of the unfolded protein response, including phosphorylated PERK, eIF2a, GRP78, GRP94, and caspase-12. Miltrone treatment also resulted in the release of Ca2+ from the ER stores and mitochondrial Ca2+ loading in the cells. Further research revealed that miltirone resulted in dose-dependent decrease in complex III activity and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in these cells. Miltirone-induced apoptosis, dissipation of MMP and ER stress were dramatically blocked by pretreatment with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). In contrast, treatment with ER stress inhibitor TUDCA significantly attenuated miltirone-induced ROS and apoptosis in leukemia cells. Moreover, our in vivo findings showed that administration of miltirone markedly inhibited tumor growth and induced apoptosis in U937 xenograft model with low systemic toxicity. Taken together, these findings indicate that miltirone may exert its antileukemic activity by inducing apoptosis through a ROS-dependent destructive cycle involving ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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21
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Wu CF, Bohnert S, Thines E, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of Salvia miltiorrhizaAgainst Multidrug-Resistant Cancer Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:871-894. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Lamiaceae) is a well-known Chinese herb that possesses numerous therapeutic activities, including anticancer effects. In this study, the cytotoxicity and the biological mechanisms of S. miltiorrhiza (SM) root extract on diverse resistant and sensitive cancer cell lines were investigated. CEM/ADR5000 cells were 1.68-fold resistant to CCRF-CEM cells, while HCT116 (p53[Formula: see text] and U87.MG[Formula: see text]EGFR cells were hypersensitive (collateral sensitive) compared to their parental cells. SM root extract stimulated ROS generation, cell cycle S phase arrest and apoptosis. The induction of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway was validated by increased cleavage of caspase 3, 7, 9 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). MAP kinases including JNK, ERK1/2 and p38 were obviously phosphorylated and nuclear P65 was downregulated upon SM treatment. Transcriptome-wide COMPARE analysis revealed that the expression of encoding genes with diverse functions were associated with the cellular response to cryptotanshinone, one of the main constituents of SM root extract. In conclusion, SM root extract exerted profound cytotoxicity towards various sensitive and resistant cancer cells and induced the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Fen Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Bohnert
- Institute of Biotechnology and Drug Research, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Eckhard Thines
- Institute of Biotechnology and Drug Research, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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22
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Zhou X, Wang Y, Lee WYW, Or PMY, Wan DCC, Kwan YW, Yeung JHK. Miltirone Is a Dual Inhibitor of P-Glycoprotein and Cell Growth in Doxorubicin-Resistant HepG2 Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:2266-2275. [PMID: 26339922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Miltirone (1), an abietane-type diterpene quinone isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, possesses anticancer activity in p-glycoprotein (P-gp)-overexpressing human cancer cells. Results of the current study suggest a dual effect of miltirone on P-gp inhibition and apoptotic induction in a human hepatoma HepG2 cell line and its P-gp-overexpressing doxorubicin-resistant counterpart (R-HepG2). Miltirone (1) elicited a concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, with a similar potency (EC50 ≈ 7-12 μM), in HepG2 and R-HepG2 cells. Miltirone (1) (1.56-6.25 μM) produced synergistic effects on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced growth inhibition of R-HepG2 (synergism: 0.3 < combination index < 0.5). Molecular docking studies illustrated that miltirone (1) interacted with the active site of P-gp with a higher binding affinity than DOX, suggesting that it was a P-gp inhibitor. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed miltirone (1) as a competitive inhibitor of P-gp. At non-necrotic concentrations (1.56-25 μM), miltirone (1) activated caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways and triggered the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways (e.g., p38 MAPK, stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and extracellular regulated kinase 1/2) in both HepG2 and R-HepG2 cells. Thus, we conclude that miltirone (1) is a dual inhibitor of P-gp and cell growth in human drug-resistant hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, ⊥Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, ‡Institute of Chinese Medicine, and §State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, ⊥Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, ‡Institute of Chinese Medicine, and §State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wayne Y W Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, ⊥Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, ‡Institute of Chinese Medicine, and §State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Penelope M Y Or
- School of Biomedical Sciences, ⊥Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, ‡Institute of Chinese Medicine, and §State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - David C C Wan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, ⊥Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, ‡Institute of Chinese Medicine, and §State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiu Wa Kwan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, ⊥Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, ‡Institute of Chinese Medicine, and §State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - John H K Yeung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, ⊥Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, ‡Institute of Chinese Medicine, and §State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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