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Wei Z, Chen F, Ding H, Liu W, Yang B, Geng J, Chen S, Guo S. Comparative Analysis of Six Chloroplast Genomes in Chenopodium and Its Related Genera ( Amaranthaceae): New Insights into Phylogenetic Relationships and the Development of Species-Specific Molecular Markers. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2183. [PMID: 38137004 PMCID: PMC10743295 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Species within the genus Chenopodium hold significant research interest due to their nutritional richness and salt tolerance. However, the morphological similarities among closely related species and a dearth of genomic resources have impeded their comprehensive study and utilization. In the present research, we conduct the sequencing and assembly of chloroplast (cp) genomes from six Chenopodium and related species, five of which were sequenced for the first time. These genomes ranged in length from 151,850 to 152,215 base pairs, showcased typical quadripartite structures, and encoded 85 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 1 pseudogene, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Compared with the previously published sequences of related species, these cp genomes are relatively conservative, but there are also some interspecific differences, such as inversion and IR region contraction. We discerned 929 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and a series of highly variable regions across 16 related species, predominantly situated in the intergenic spacer (IGS) region and introns. The phylogenetic evaluations revealed that Chenopodium is more closely related to genera such as Atriplex, Beta, Dysphania, and Oxybase than to other members of the Amaranthaceae family. These lineages shared a common ancestor approximately 60.80 million years ago, after which they diverged into distinct genera. Based on InDels and SNPs between species, we designed 12 pairs of primers for species identification, and experiments confirmed that they could completely distinguish 10 related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.W.); (F.C.); (H.D.); (W.L.); (B.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Fangjun Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.W.); (F.C.); (H.D.); (W.L.); (B.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Hongxia Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.W.); (F.C.); (H.D.); (W.L.); (B.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Wenli Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.W.); (F.C.); (H.D.); (W.L.); (B.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.W.); (F.C.); (H.D.); (W.L.); (B.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Jiahui Geng
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.W.); (F.C.); (H.D.); (W.L.); (B.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Shihua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.W.); (F.C.); (H.D.); (W.L.); (B.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Shanli Guo
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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Antihyaluronidase and Antioxidant Potential of Atriplex sagittata Borkh. in Relation to Phenolic Compounds and Triterpene Saponins. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030982. [PMID: 36770647 PMCID: PMC9921161 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Atriplex provides species that are used as food and natural remedies. In this work, the levels of soluble phenolic acids (free and conjugated) and flavonoids in extracts from roots, stems, leaves and flowers of the unexplored Atriplex sagittata Borkh were investigated by LC-ESI-MS/MS, together with their antioxidant and antihyaluronidase activity. Phenolic acids were present in all parts of A. sagittata; and were most abundant in the leaves (225.24 μg/g dw.), whereas the highest content of flavonoids were found in the flowers (242.71 μg/g dw.). The most common phenolics were 4-hydroxybenzoic and salicylic acids, kaempferol-3-glucoside-7-rhamnoside, kaempferol-3-rutinoside and the rare narcissoside, which was present in almost all morphotic parts. The stem extract had the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content (611.86 mg/100 g dw.), whereas flower extract exerted the most potent antihyaluronidase effect (IC50 = 84.67 µg/mL; control-quercetin: IC50 = 514.28 μg/mL). Phytochemical analysis of the flower extract led to the isolation of two triterpene saponins that were shown to be strong hyaluronidase inhibitors (IC50 = 33.77 and 168.15 µg/mL; control-escin: IC50 = 307.38 µg/mL). This is the first report on the presence of phenolics and saponins in A. sagittata. The results suggest that both groups of metabolites may contribute to the overall activity of this plant species.
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Nahar L, Al-Groshi A, Kumar A, Sarker SD. Arbutin: Occurrence in Plants, and Its Potential as an Anticancer Agent. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248786. [PMID: 36557918 PMCID: PMC9787540 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arbutin, a hydroquinone glucoside, has been detected in ca. 50 plant families, especially in the plants of the Asteraceae, Ericaceae, Proteaceae and Rosaceae families. It is one of the most widely used natural skin-whitening agents. In addition to its skin whitening property, arbutin possesses other therapeutically relevant biological properties, e.g., antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory, as well as anticancer potential. This review presents, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of the distribution of arbutin in the plant kingdom and critically appraises its therapeutic potential as an anticancer agent based on the literature published until the end of August 2022, accessed via several databases, e.g., Web of Science, Science Direct, Dictionary of Natural Products, PubMed and Google Scholar. The keywords used in the search were arbutin, cancer, anticancer, distribution and hydroquinone. Published outputs suggest that arbutin has potential anticancer properties against bladder, bone, brain, breast, cervix, colon, liver, prostate and skin cancers and a low level of acute or chronic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutfun Nahar
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: or (L.N.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Afaf Al-Groshi
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tripoli University, Tripoli 42300, Libya
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Government V. Y. T. PG Autonomous College, Durg 491001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Satyajit D. Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
- Correspondence: or (L.N.); (S.D.S.)
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Todorović M, Zlatić N, Bojović B, Kanjevac M. Biological properties of selected Amaranthaceae halophytic species: A review. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e21229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Nurbek S, Murata T, Suganuma K, Ishikawa Y, Buyankhishig B, Kikuchi T, Byambajav T, Davaapurev BO, Sasaki K, Batkhuu J. Isolation and evaluation of trypanocidal activity of sesquiterpenoids, flavonoids, and lignans in Artemisia sieversiana collected in Mongolia. J Nat Med 2020; 74:750-757. [PMID: 32621255 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-020-01429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia sieversiana is an annual herbaceous plant distributed throughout Central and East Eurasia and is regarded as an undesirable forage plant in Mongolia. It affects livestock, so information about its chemical composition is needed. We isolated three new sesquiterpenoids (1-3) and known compounds from A. sieversiana and investigated their activities. The absolute configuration of 1 was established using single-crystal X-ray diffraction crystallography, and its configuration differed from those of reported compounds with similar structures. Two additional new sesquiterpenoids (2 and 3) with similar structures were identified, and their configurations were determined. The trypanocidal activities of the isolated compounds (1-18) against Trypanosoma congolense and the pathogen responsible for fatal trypanosomosis in animals were estimated. Flavonoids and lignans were identified as active compounds with IC50 values ranging from 2.9 to 90.2 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stipan Nurbek
- National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Toshihiro Murata
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-1 Komatsushima 4-chome, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Suganuma
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | | | - Buyanmandakh Buyankhishig
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-1 Komatsushima 4-chome, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan
| | | | - Tseesuren Byambajav
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | - Kenroh Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-1 Komatsushima 4-chome, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan
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Kokanova-Nedialkova Z, Nedialkov PT. UHPLC-HRMS based flavonoid profiling of the aerial parts of Chenopodium foliosum Asch. (Amaranthaceae). Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:3336-3340. [PMID: 31711317 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1689502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chenopodium foliosum Asch. has been recognised by Bulgarian legislation as a medicinal plant. The decoction of its aerial parts has been used for treatment of cancer, as an immunostimulant and antioxidant drug. An UHPLC-HRMS profiling method was used for a comprehensive study of flavonoid composition of C. foliosum. Fourty flavonoid glycosides with nine aglycones (patuletin, gomphrenol, spinacetin, 6-methoxykaempferol, kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, 3,5,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavone and 3,5,4'-trihydroxy-3'-methoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavone) were detected. Kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin glycosides were identified as minor components. A pseudo MS3 experiment aided at discriminating 6-methoxykaempferol and isorhamnetin glycosides. Flavonoid composition dominated by di-, triglycosides and acylated flavonoids. Acid hydrolysis and GS-MS analysis confirmed the presence of D-glucose, D-apiose and L-rhamnose. Ten flavonoids were reported here for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paraskev T Nedialkov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Keman D, Soyer F. Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Does Not Develop Resistance to Vanillic Acid and 2-Hydroxycinnamic Acid after Continuous Exposure in Vitro. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:15393-15400. [PMID: 31572838 PMCID: PMC6761616 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Development of resistance to antibiotics is one of the major reasons of difficulties in treatments of diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and this resistance makes the investigation of alternative antimicrobials a key priority. Phenolic acids are plant- and fungi-originating natural antimicrobial products, and there is no known bacterial resistance after exposure to them. The purpose of this study was to investigate the resistance ability of bacteria against phenolic acids. Therefore, the ability of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus to gain resistance against two phenolic acids and an antibiotic upon exposure to subinhibitory concentrations was tested. Herein, we evaluated the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of vanillic acid (VA), 2-hydroxycinnamic acid (2-HCA), and vancomycin in the beginning of the experiment and the MICs were found to be 2.5 mg/mL VA, 1.6 mg/mL 2-HCA, and 0.01 mg/mL vancomycin for both bacteria. Following continuous treatments with increasing subinhibitory concentrations, MICs were evaluated once more. Exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of vancomycin induced the development of resistance immediately; however, resistance to both phenolic acids could not be induced. These data indicated the potential of phenolic acids to be used as effective antimicrobials in the inhibition of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria.
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Stanković J, Gođevac D, Tešević V, Dajić-Stevanović Z, Ćirić A, Soković M, Novaković M. Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Flavonoid and Saponin Derivatives from Atriplex tatarica against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1487-1495. [PMID: 31181926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new flavonoid glucoside derivative, patuletin 3 -O-(2- O-feruloyl)-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranoside, named atriplexin IV (1), and three new triterpenoid saponin derivatives, two sulfonylated, β-d-glucopyranosyl-3 -O-(2- O-sulfo-β-d-galactopyranosyl)-(1→2)-α-l-arabinopyranoside-30-alolean-12-en-28-oate (2), named atriplexogenin I, β-d-glucopyranosyl-3- O-(2- O-sulfo-β-d-galactopyranosyl)-(1→2)-α-l-arabinopyranoside)-30-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oate (3), named atriplexogenin II, and β-d-glucopyranosyl-3 -O-(β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-l-arabinopyranoside)-30-alolean-12-en-28-oate (4), named atriplexogenin III, were isolated by silica gel column and semipreparative HPLC chromatography from the n-butanol extract of the salt marsh plant Atriplex tatarica. In addition, two known secondary metabolites, patuletin3 -O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1‴→2″)-β-d-glucopyranoside (5) and patuletin 3 -O-5‴- O-feruloyl-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1‴→2″)-β-d-glucopyranoside (6), were isolated for the first time from A. tatarica. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, IR, and UV data. Antibacterial activity by the microdilution method and antibiofilm activity against P. aeruginosa were assessed. Compound 5 possesses significant antibacterial activity, while the most potent antibiofilm agent is compound 2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zora Dajić-Stevanović
- Faculty of Agriculture , University of Belgrade , Nemanjina Street 6 , 11080 Zemun , Serbia
| | - Ana Ćirić
- Department of Plant Physiology , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade , Bulevar Despota Stefana 142 , 11000 Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Marina Soković
- Department of Plant Physiology , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade , Bulevar Despota Stefana 142 , 11000 Belgrade , Serbia
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Atriplex mollis Desf. Aerial Parts: Extraction Procedures, Secondary Metabolites and Color Analysis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081962. [PMID: 30082629 PMCID: PMC6222348 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A method using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector was proposed for the rapid characterization of different phenolic constituents from the extracts of Atriplex mollis aerial parts. Atriplex species are known for their multiple biological activities, but no information is available in the literature about A. mollis. With the aim to firstly characterize the main secondary metabolites of this plant, so as to orient better the biological evaluation, we applied three different extraction procedures and compared the chromatographic results. Microwave-assisted extraction gave the best yield and recovery of important compounds such as gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, p-OH benzoic acid, rutin, sinapinic acid, t-ferulic acid, naringenin and benzoic acid. These constituents belong to three important chemical classes: phenolic acids, flavonoids and monoterpenes. Color evaluation and analysis of chlorophylls (a and b) and carotenoids complete the preliminary profile of this plant. From these analyses, Atriplex mollis is a source of bioactive compounds (especially rutin, t-ferulic acid and gallic acid) and could be recommended as a plant of phyto-pharmaceutical relevance, opening new perspectives on this salt-tolerant plant.
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Parvez MK, Arbab AH, Al-Dosari MS, Al-Rehaily AJ, Alam P, Ibrahim KE, Alsaid MS, Rafatullah S. Protective effect of Atriplex suberecta extract against oxidative and apoptotic hepatotoxicity. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3883-3891. [PMID: 29581744 PMCID: PMC5863606 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atriplex suberecta I. Verd is a known phytomedicinal species of Atriplex; however, studies into its bioactivity remain inconclusive. The in vitro and in vivo antioxidative and hepatoprotective potential of A. suberecta ethanol-extract (ASEE) was assessed in the present study. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and β-carotene bleaching assays revealed that ASEE possesses free radical scavenging and anti-lipid peroxidative activities. These results were supported by the in vitro protection of HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells via abating 2,7-dichlorofluorescein-activated oxidative and apoptotic molecules (caspase-3/-7). In carbon tetrachloride-treated rats, the oral administration of ASEE significantly normalized serum biomarkers of liver function (serum glutamate oxaloacetate, serum pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase and bilirubin) and the lipid profile (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides and malondialdehyde), including tissue non-protein sulfhydryl and total protein levels. These results were also supported by liver histopathology, which demonstrated that the therapeutic effect of ASEE was comparable to silymarin. Furthermore, phytochemical analysis of ASEE revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and saponins. Rutin, an antioxidant flavonoid, was identified using the validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography method. In conclusion, this is the first report on the therapeutic potential of A. suberecta against chemical-induced oxidative stress and liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad K Parvez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H Arbab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Al-Dosari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan J Al-Rehaily
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Perwez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid E Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour S Alsaid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Rafatullah
- Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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