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Luo P, Huang JH, Lv JM, Wang GQ, Hu D, Gao H. Biosynthesis of fungal terpenoids. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:748-783. [PMID: 38265076 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00052d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Covering: up to August 2023Terpenoids, which are widely distributed in animals, plants, and microorganisms, are a large group of natural products with diverse structures and various biological activities. They have made great contributions to human health as therapeutic agents, such as the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel and anti-malarial agent artemisinin. Accordingly, the biosynthesis of this important class of natural products has been extensively studied, which generally involves two major steps: hydrocarbon skeleton construction by terpenoid cyclases and skeleton modification by tailoring enzymes. Additionally, fungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) serve as an important source for the discovery of terpenoids. With the rapid development of sequencing technology and bioinformatics approaches, genome mining has emerged as one of the most effective strategies to discover novel terpenoids from fungi. To date, numerous terpenoid cyclases, including typical class I and class II terpenoid cyclases as well as emerging UbiA-type terpenoid cyclases, have been identified, together with a variety of tailoring enzymes, including cytochrome P450 enzymes, flavin-dependent monooxygenases, and acyltransferases. In this review, our aim is to comprehensively present all fungal terpenoid cyclases identified up to August 2023, with a focus on newly discovered terpenoid cyclases, especially the emerging UbiA-type terpenoid cyclases, and their related tailoring enzymes from 2015 to August 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Luo
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Jia-Hua Huang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Jian-Ming Lv
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Gao-Qian Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Dan Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Sato F, Sonohara T, Fujiki S, Sugawara A, Morishita Y, Ozaki T, Asai T. Genome mining of labdane-related diterpenoids: Discovery of the two-enzyme pathway leading to (-)-sandaracopimaradiene in the fungus Arthrinium sacchari. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:714-720. [PMID: 38590534 PMCID: PMC10999977 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Labdane-related diterpenoids (LRDs) in fungi are a pharmaceutically important, but underexplored family of natural products. In the biosynthesis of fungal LRDs, bifunctional terpene cyclases (TCs) consisting of αβγ domains are generally used to synthesize the polycyclic skeletones of LRDs. Herein, we conducted genome mining of LRDs in our fungal genome database and identified a unique pair of TCs, AsPS and AsCPS, in the fungus Arthrinium sacchari. AsPS consists of catalytically active α and inactive β domains, whereas AsCPS contains βγ domains and a truncated α domain. Heterologous expression in Aspergillus oryzae and biochemical characterization of recombinant proteins demonstrated that AsCPS synthesized copalyl diphosphate and that AsPS then converted it to (-)-sandaracopimaradiene. Since AsPS and AsCPS have distinct domain organizations from those of known fungal TCs and are likely generated through fusion or loss of catalytic domains, our findings provide insight into the evolution of TCs in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumito Sato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Terutaka Sonohara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shunta Fujiki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sugawara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yohei Morishita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Taro Ozaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Teigo Asai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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3
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Shahi A, Yu H, Mafu S. Diterpene Biosynthesis in Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2022; 3:869823. [PMID: 37746177 PMCID: PMC10512213 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.869823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant-pathogenic fungi harbor various specialized metabolites including diterpenoids that function as hormones and virulence factors. The fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is the causal agent of rice blast disease and can infect over fifty grass species. We demonstrate that rice blast fungi encode two diterpene synthases that produce normal pimara-8,15-diene and manoyl oxide scaffolds. Phylogenetic analysis of diterpene synthases among rice blast pathotypes showed functional conservation of these two core diterpene synthases amongst all pathotypes and suggests further expansion in those infecting select grass species. These insights into the blast fungal terpenome may inform efforts to counteract deleterious phytopathogens in crucial food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayousha Shahi
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Houlin Yu
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Sibongile Mafu
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
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4
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Abstract
As a midsized gene family conserved more by lineage than function, the typical plant terpene synthases (TPSs) could be a valuable tool to examine plant evolution. TPSs are pivotal in biosynthesis of gibberellins and related phytohormones as well as in formation of the extensive arsenal of specialized plant metabolites mediating ecological interactions whose production is often lineage specific. Yet the origin and early evolution of the TPS family is not well understood. Systematic analysis of an array of transcriptomes and sequenced genomes indicated that the TPS family originated after the divergence of land plants from charophytic algae. Phylogenetic and biochemical analyses support the hypothesis that the ancestral TPS gene encoded a bifunctional class I and II diterpene synthase producing the ent-kaurene required for phytohormone production in all extant lineages of land plants. Moreover, the ancestral TPS gene likely underwent duplication at least twice early in land plant evolution. Together these two gave rise to three TPS lineages leading to the extant TPS-c, TPS-e/f, and the remaining TPS (h/d/a/b/g) subfamilies, with the latter dedicated to secondary rather than primary metabolism while the former two contain those genes involved in ent-kaurene production. Nevertheless, parallel evolution from the ent-kaurene–producing class I and class II diterpene synthases has led to roles for TPS-e/f and -c subfamily members in secondary metabolism as well. These results clarify TPS evolutionary history and provide context for the role of these genes in producing the vast diversity of terpenoid natural products observed today in various land plant lineages.
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Lee S, Yu JS, Lee SR, Kim KH. Non-peptide secondary metabolites from poisonous mushrooms: overview of chemistry, bioactivity, and biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:512-559. [PMID: 34608478 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00049g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to June 2021A wide variety of mushrooms have traditionally been recognized as edible fungi with high nutritional value and low calories, and abundantly produce structurally diverse and bioactive secondary metabolites. However, accidental ingestion of poisonous mushrooms can result in serious illnesses and even death. Chemically, mushroom poisoning is associated with secondary metabolites produced in poisonous mushrooms, causing specific toxicity. However, many poisonous mushrooms have not been fully investigated for their secondary metabolites, and the secondary metabolites of poisonous mushrooms have not been systematically summarized for details such as chemical composition and biosynthetic mechanisms. The isolation and identification of secondary metabolites from poisonous mushrooms have great research value since these compounds could be lethal toxins that contribute to the toxicity of mushrooms or could provide lead compounds with remarkable biological activities that can promote advances in other related disciplines, such as biochemistry and pharmacology. In this review, we summarize the structures and biological activities of secondary metabolites identified from poisonous mushrooms and provide an overview of the current information on these metabolites, focusing on their chemistry, bioactivity, and biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulah Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, KIOST, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sik Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seoung Rak Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, New Jersey, 08544, USA
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Xing B, Yu J, Chi C, Ma X, Xu Q, Li A, Ge Y, Wang Z, Liu T, Jia H, Yin F, Guo J, Huang L, Yang D, Ma M. Functional characterization and structural bases of two class I diterpene synthases in pimarane-type diterpene biosynthesis. Commun Chem 2021; 4:140. [PMID: 36697656 PMCID: PMC9814573 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00578-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pimarane-type diterpenoids are widely distributed in all domains of life, but no structures or catalytic mechanisms of pimarane-type diterpene synthases (DTSs) have been characterized. Here, we report that two class I DTSs, Sat1646 and Stt4548, each accept copalyl diphosphate (CPP) as the substrate to produce isopimara-8,15-diene (1). Sat1646 can also accept syn-CPP and produce syn-isopimaradiene/pimaradiene analogues (2-7), among which 2 possesses a previously unreported "6/6/7" ring skeleton. We solve the crystal structures of Sat1646, Sat1646 complexed with magnesium ions, and Stt4548, thereby revealing the active sites of these pimarane-type DTSs. Substrate modeling and subsequent site-directed mutagenesis experiments demonstrate different structural bases of Sat1646 and Stt4548 for 1 production. Comparisons with previously reported DTSs reveal their distinct carbocation intermediate stabilization mechanisms, which control the conversion of a single substrate CPP into structurally diverse diterpene products. These results illustrate the structural bases for enzymatic catalyses of pimarane-type DTSs, potentially facilitating future DTS engineering and combinatorial biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiying Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Changbiao Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xueyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qingxia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Annan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuanjie Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhengdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongli Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fuling Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Donghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Ming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
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7
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Li W, Zhao L, Sun LT, Xie ZP, Zhang SM, Yue XD, Dai SJ. Trinorlabdane diterpenoid alkaloids featuring an unprecedented skeleton with anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities from Forsythia suspensa. RSC Adv 2021; 11:29684-29689. [PMID: 35479562 PMCID: PMC9040924 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05760j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Two unique trinorlabdane diterpenoid alkaloids, forsyqinlingines A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the ripe fruits of Forsythia suspensa. Their structures, including absolute stereochemical configurations, were fully elucidated from extensive spectroscopy experiments, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD). In addition, a plausible biosynthetic pathway for the formation of compounds 1 and 2 in Forsythia suspensa was also proposed. In vitro, the two C17-labdane diterpenoid alkaloids exhibited anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting the release of β-glucuronidase in rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), and antiviral activities against influenza A (H1N1) virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Two unique trinorlabdane diterpenoid alkaloids, forsyqinlingines A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the ripe fruits of Forsythia suspensa, and found to show significant anti-inflammatory activities and anti-viral activities.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Yantai University Yantai 264005 P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Yantai University Yantai 264005 P. R. China
| | - Li-Tong Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Yantai University Yantai 264005 P. R. China
| | - Ze-Ping Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Binzhou Medical University Yantai 264003 P. R. China
| | - Shu-Min Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Binzhou Medical University Yantai 264003 P. R. China
| | - Xi-Dian Yue
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University Yantai 264005 P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Jun Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Yantai University Yantai 264005 P. R. China
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Tasnim S, Gries R, Mattsson J. Identification of Three Monofunctional Diterpene Synthases with Specific Enzyme Activities Expressed during Heartwood Formation in Western Redcedar ( Thuja plicata) Trees. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1018. [PMID: 32806789 PMCID: PMC7464036 DOI: 10.3390/plants9081018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Upon harvest, Western redcedar (WRC; Thuja plicata) trees have a high incidence and extent of heartwood rot. While monoterpenoids and lignans have been linked to rot resistance in this species, other specialized metabolites, such as diterpenes, are likely to contribute to rot resistance. Here we report the cloning and functional assessment of three putative diterpene synthase (TpdiTPS) genes expressed during heartwood formation in WRC. The predicted proteins of the three genes lack either of the two catalytically independent active sites typical of most diTPS, indicating monofunctional rather than bifunctional activity. To identify potential catalytic activities of these proteins, we expressed them in genetically engineered Escherichia coli strains that produce four potential substrates, geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP), ent, syn, and normal stereoisomers of copalyl diphosphate (CDP). We found that TpdiTPS3 used GGDP to produce CDP. TpdiTPS2 used normal CDP to produce levopimaradiene. TpdiTPS1 showed stereoselectivity as it used normal CDP to produce sandaracopimaradiene and syn-CDP to produce syn-stemod-13(17)-ene. These genes and protein enzymatic activities have not been previously reported in WRC and provide an opportunity to assess their potential roles in heartwood rot resistance in this economically important species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jim Mattsson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; (S.T.); (R.G.)
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Hou X, Xu Y, Zhu S, Zhang Y, Guo L, Qiu F, Che Y. Sarcosenones A–C, highly oxygenated pimarane diterpenoids from an endolichenic fungus Sarcosomataceae sp. RSC Adv 2020; 10:15622-15628. [PMID: 35495431 PMCID: PMC9052384 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02485f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new highly oxygenated pimarane diterpenoids, sarcosenones A–C (1–3), and the known 9α-hydroxy-1,8(14),15-isopimaratrien-3,7,11-trione (4), were isolated from cultures of an endolichenic fungus Sarcosomataceae sp. Their structures were elucidated based on NMR spectroscopic data and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compound 1 showed moderate cytotoxicity against a small panel of four human tumor cell lines, with IC50 values of 7.5–26.4 μM. The new highly oxygenated pimarane diterpenoids sarcosenones A–C (1–3) were isolated from an endolichenic fungus Sarcosomataceae sp. Compound 1 showed moderate cytotoxicity towards human tumor cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Hou
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Tianjin 300193
- People's Republic of China
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Yang Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100050
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaiming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology & Medical Countermeasures
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology
- Beijing 100850
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology & Medical Countermeasures
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology
- Beijing 100850
- People's Republic of China
| | - Liangdong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology
- Institute of Microbiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100101
- People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Tianjin 300193
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Che
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Tianjin 300193
- People's Republic of China
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
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Elshamy AI, Mohamed TA, Essa AF, Abd-ElGawad AM, Alqahtani AS, Shahat AA, Yoneyama T, Farrag ARH, Noji M, El-Seedi HR, Umeyama A, Paré PW, Hegazy MEF. Recent Advances in Kaempferia Phytochemistry and Biological Activity: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102396. [PMID: 31591364 PMCID: PMC6836233 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Plants belonging to the genus Kaempferia (family: Zingiberaceae) are distributed in Asia, especially in the southeast region, and Thailand. They have been widely used in traditional medicines to cure metabolic disorders, inflammation, urinary tract infections, fevers, coughs, hypertension, erectile dysfunction, abdominal and gastrointestinal ailments, asthma, wounds, rheumatism, epilepsy, and skin diseases. Objective: Herein, we reported a comprehensive review, including the traditional applications, biological and pharmacological advances, and phytochemical constituents of Kaempheria species from 1972 up to early 2019. Materials and methods: All the information and reported studies concerning Kaempheria plants were summarized from library and digital databases (e.g., Google Scholar, Sci-finder, PubMed, Springer, Elsevier, MDPI, Web of Science, etc.). The correlation between the Kaempheria species was evaluated via principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC), based on the main chemical classes of compounds. Results: Approximately 141 chemical constituents have been isolated and reported from Kaempferia species, such as isopimarane, abietane, labdane and clerodane diterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, phenyl-heptanoids, curcuminoids, tetrahydropyrano-phenolic, and steroids. A probable biosynthesis pathway for the isopimaradiene skeleton is illustrated. In addition, 15 main documented components of volatile oils of Kaempheria were summarized. Biological activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticholinesterase, antioxidant, anti-obesity-induced dermatopathy, wound healing, neuroprotective, anti-allergenic, and anti-nociceptive were demonstrated. Conclusions: Up to date, significant advances in phytochemical and pharmacological studies of different Kaempheria species have been witnessed. So, the traditional uses of these plants have been clarified via modern in vitro and in vivo biological studies. In addition, these traditional uses and reported biological results could be correlated via the chemical characterization of these plants. All these data will support the biologists in the elucidation of the biological mechanisms of these plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelsamed I Elshamy
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Tarik A Mohamed
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed F Essa
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Abd-ElGawad
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali S Alqahtani
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdelaaty A Shahat
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tatsuro Yoneyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
| | | | - Masaaki Noji
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-75 123 Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt.
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Akemi Umeyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Paul W Paré
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Mohamed-Elamir F Hegazy
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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11
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Hanson JR, Nichols T, Mukhrish Y, Bagley MC. Diterpenoids of terrestrial origin. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:1499-1512. [DOI: 10.1039/c8np00079d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the isolation and chemistry of diterpenoids from terrestrial sources from 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Life Sciences
- University of Sussex
- East Sussex
- UK
| | - Tyler Nichols
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Life Sciences
- University of Sussex
- East Sussex
- UK
| | - Yousef Mukhrish
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Life Sciences
- University of Sussex
- East Sussex
- UK
| | - Mark C. Bagley
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Life Sciences
- University of Sussex
- East Sussex
- UK
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Zhao D, Shen Y, Shi Y, Shi X, Qiao Q, Zi S, Zhao E, Yu D, Kennelly EJ. Probing the transcriptome of Aconitum carmichaelii reveals the candidate genes associated with the biosynthesis of the toxic aconitine-type C 19-diterpenoid alkaloids. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 152:113-124. [PMID: 29758520 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aconitum carmichaelii has long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine, and its processed lateral roots are known commonly as fuzi. Aconitine-type C19-diterpenoid alkaloids accumulating in the lateral roots are some of the main toxicants of this species, yet their biosynthesis remains largely unresolved. As a first step towards understanding the biosynthesis of aconitine-type C19-diterpenoid alkaloids, we performed de novo transcriptome assembly and analysis of rootstocks and leaf tissues of Aconitum carmichaelii by next-generation sequencing. A total of 525 unigene candidates were identified as involved in the formation of C19-diterpenoid alkaloids, including those encoding enzymes in the early steps of diterpenoid alkaloids scaffold biosynthetic pathway, such as ent-copalyl diphosphate synthases, ent-kaurene synthases, kaurene oxidases, cyclases, and key aminotransferases. Furthermore, candidates responsible for decorating of diterpenoid alkaloid skeletons were discovered from transcriptome sequencing of fuzi, such as monooxygenases, methyltransferase, and BAHD acyltransferases. In addition, 645 differentially expressed genes encoding transcription factors potentially related to diterpenoid alkaloids accumulation underground were documented. Subsequent modular domain structure phylogenetics and differential expression analysis led to the identification of BAHD acyltransferases possibly involved in the formation of acetyl and benzoyl esters of diterpenoid alkaloids, associated with the acute toxicity of fuzi. The transcriptome data provide the foundation for future research into the molecular basis for aconitine-type C19-diterpenoid alkaloids biosynthesis in A. carmichaelii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dake Zhao
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Institute of Materia Medica, Yunnan Baiyao Group Company Limited, Kunming, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yong Shen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yana Shi
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xingqiao Shi
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Qin Qiao
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuhui Zi
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Erqiang Zhao
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Diqiu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
| | - Edward J Kennelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, United States; Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry, Biology, and Chemistry, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, United States.
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Swapana N, Tominaga T, Elshamy AI, Ibrahim MAA, Hegazy MEF, Brajakishor Singh C, Suenaga M, Imagawa H, Noji M, Umeyama A. Kaemgalangol A: Unusual seco-isopimarane diterpenoid from aromatic ginger Kaempferia galanga. Fitoterapia 2018; 129:47-53. [PMID: 29913194 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new unusual seco-isopimarane, kaemgalangol A (1) and 12 usual analogs (2-13) were isolated from the rhizomes of Kaempferia galanga (Family: Zingiberaceae). KaemgalangolA (1) represented a rarely isolated 9,10-seco-isopimarane skeleton. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were mainlyinvestigated by spectroscopic techniques such as 1D, 2D NMR, and HRMS. The absolute configuration of 1-3 was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis as well as experimental and TDDFT-calculated electronic circular dichroism. Among the isolated diterpenoids, 5, 6 and 9 exhibited cytotoxic activity against HeLa (IC50 75.1, 74.2 and 76.5 μM, respectively) and HSC-2 (IC50 69.9, 53.3 and 58.2 μM, respectively) cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningombam Swapana
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan; S. Kula Women's College, India
| | - Takehiro Tominaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Abdelsamed I Elshamy
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan; Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed-Elamir F Hegazy
- Phytochemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Midori Suenaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imagawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Masaaki Noji
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Akemi Umeyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
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14
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Rozimamat R, Hu R, Aisa HA. New isopimarane diterpenes and nortriterpene with cytotoxic activity from Ephorbia alatavica Boiss. Fitoterapia 2018; 127:328-333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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15
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Xu M, Jia M, Hong YJ, Yin X, Tantillo DJ, Proteau PJ, Peters RJ. Premutilin Synthase: Ring Rearrangement by a Class II Diterpene Cyclase. Org Lett 2018; 20:1200-1202. [PMID: 29388775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of the complex diterpenoid antibiotic pleuromutilin relies on a bifunctional (di)terpene synthase, and here site-directed mutagenesis was used to knockout either of the two active sites. This enabled characterization of the novel ring contracted intermediate produced by the initiating class II diterpene cyclase active site. Quantum chemical calculations further indicate the importance of reactant configuration for this intriguing ring rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Xu
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Meirong Jia
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Young J Hong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Xihou Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Philip J Proteau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Reuben J Peters
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Abstract
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The
year 2017 marks the twentieth anniversary of terpenoid cyclase
structural biology: a trio of terpenoid cyclase structures reported
together in 1997 were the first to set the foundation for understanding
the enzymes largely responsible for the exquisite chemodiversity of
more than 80000 terpenoid natural products. Terpenoid cyclases catalyze
the most complex chemical reactions in biology, in that more than
half of the substrate carbon atoms undergo changes in bonding and
hybridization during a single enzyme-catalyzed cyclization reaction.
The past two decades have witnessed structural, functional, and computational
studies illuminating the modes of substrate activation that initiate
the cyclization cascade, the management and manipulation of high-energy
carbocation intermediates that propagate the cyclization cascade,
and the chemical strategies that terminate the cyclization cascade.
The role of the terpenoid cyclase as a template for catalysis is paramount
to its function, and protein engineering can be used to reprogram
the cyclization cascade to generate alternative and commercially important
products. Here, I review key advances in terpenoid cyclase structural
and chemical biology, focusing mainly on terpenoid cyclases and related
prenyltransferases for which X-ray crystal structures have informed
and advanced our understanding of enzyme structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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Pelot KA, Hagelthorn LM, Addison JB, Zerbe P. Biosynthesis of the oxygenated diterpene nezukol in the medicinal plant Isodon rubescens is catalyzed by a pair of diterpene synthases. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176507. [PMID: 28445526 PMCID: PMC5405970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants produce an immense diversity of natural products (i.e. secondary or specialized metabolites) that offer a rich source of known and potentially new pharmaceuticals and other desirable bioproducts. The Traditional Chinese Medicinal plant Isodon rubescens (Lamiaceae) contains an array of bioactive labdane-related diterpenoid natural products. Of these, the ent-kauranoid oridonin is the most prominent specialized metabolite that has been extensively studied for its potent antimicrobial and anticancer efficacy. Mining of a previously established transcriptome of I. rubescens leaf tissue identified seven diterpene synthase (diTPSs) candidates. Here we report the functional characterization of four I. rubescens diTPSs. IrTPS5 and IrTPS3 were identified as an ent-copalyl diphosphate (CPP) synthase and a (+)-CPP synthase, respectively. Distinct transcript abundance of IrTPS5 and the predicted ent-CPP synthase IrTPS1 suggested a role of IrTPS5 in specialized ent-kaurene metabolism possibly en route to oridonin. Nicotiana benthamiana co-expression assays demonstrated that IrTPS4 functions sequentially with IrTPS3 to form miltiradiene. In addition, IrTPS2 converted the IrTPS3 product (+)-CPP into the hydroxylated tricyclic diterpene nezukol not previously identified in I. rubescens. Metabolite profiling verified the presence of nezukol in I. rubescens leaf tissue. The proposed IrTPS2-catalyzed reaction mechanism proceeds via the common ionization of the diphosphate group of (+)-CPP, followed by formation of an intermediary pimar-15-en-8-yl+ carbocation and neutralization of the carbocation by water capture at C-8 to yield nezukol, as confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Oxygenation activity is rare for the family of class I diTPSs and offers new catalysts for developing metabolic engineering platforms to produce a broader spectrum of bioactive diterpenoid natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A. Pelot
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Lynne M. Hagelthorn
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - J. Bennett Addison
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Philipp Zerbe
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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