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Wang Q, Wu Z, Li C, Qin G, Hu X, Guo P, Ding A, Xu W, Wang W, Xuan L. Haperforatones A-M, thirteen undescribed limonoids from Harrisonia perforata with anti-inflammatory activity. Bioorg Chem 2024; 151:107631. [PMID: 39018800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
UPLC-Q-TOF-MS combined with mass defect filtering strategies were applied for the phytochemical investigation of Harrisonia perforata, leading to the isolation of thirteen undescribed limonoids named haperforatones A-M (1-13) and seventeen known compounds (14-30). Particularly, haperforatones D-E (4-5) have an unprecedented A, B, C, D-seco-6, 7-nor-C-24-limonoid skeleton, structurally stripped of the five-membered lactone ring B and formed a double bond at the C-5 and C-10 positions. Their 2D structures and relative configurations were identified using spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of 1, 4, and 6 were established via X-ray diffraction crystallography. All 30 compounds were evaluated for anti-inflammatory potential in LPS-induced Raw 264.7 cell lines. Among those tested compounds, the most potent activity against LPS-induced NO generation was demonstrated by haperforatone F (6), with the IC50 value of inhibition NO production of 7.2 µM. Additionally, 6 could significantly inhibit IL-1β and IL-6 release and markedly downregulate the protein expression level of iNOS in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells at 10 µM. The possible mechanism of NO inhibition of 6 was also investigated using molecular docking, which revealed the interaction of compound 6 with the iNOS protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Zhitao Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Chenyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Guoqing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xianggang Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Pengju Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Aoxue Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Wenqiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Lijiang Xuan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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2
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Zhao ZX, Zou QY, Ma YH, Morris-Natschke SL, Li XY, Shi LC, Ma GX, Xu XD, Yang MH, Zhao ZJ, Li YX, Xue J, Chen CH, Wu HF. Recent progress on triterpenoid derivatives and their anticancer potential. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 229:114257. [PMID: 39209239 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cancer poses a significant global public health challenge, with commonly used adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy often leading to adverse side effects and drug resistance. Therefore, advancing cancer treatment necessitates the ongoing development of novel anticancer agents with diverse structures and mechanisms of action. Natural products remain crucial in the process of drug discovery, serving as a primary source for pharmaceutical leads and therapeutic advancements. Triterpenoids are particularly compelling due to their complex structures and wide array of biological activities. Recent research has demonstrated that naturally occurring triterpenes and their derivatives have the potential to serve as promising candidates for new drug development. This review aims to comprehensively explore the anticancer properties of triterpenoids and their synthetic analogs, with a focus on recent advancements. Various aspects, such as synthesis, phytochemistry, and molecular simulation for structure-activity relationship analyses, are summarized. It is anticipated that triterpenoid derivatives will emerge as notable anticancer agents following further investigation into their mechanisms of action and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xuan Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiong-Yu Zou
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Hunan Higher Education for Western Hunan Medicinal Plant and Ethnobotany, Hunan Provincial Higher Education Key Laboratory of Intensive Processing Research on Mountain Ecological Food, Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Utilization in Wuling Mountain Area, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418008, China
| | - Ying-Hong Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Susan L Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Xiang-Yuan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lin-Chun Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guo-Xu Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xu-Dong Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mei-Hua Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zi-Jian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Hunan Higher Education for Western Hunan Medicinal Plant and Ethnobotany, Hunan Provincial Higher Education Key Laboratory of Intensive Processing Research on Mountain Ecological Food, Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Utilization in Wuling Mountain Area, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418008, China
| | - Yuan-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Hunan Higher Education for Western Hunan Medicinal Plant and Ethnobotany, Hunan Provincial Higher Education Key Laboratory of Intensive Processing Research on Mountain Ecological Food, Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Utilization in Wuling Mountain Area, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418008, China
| | - Jing Xue
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Chin-Ho Chen
- Antiviral Drug Discovery Laboratory, Surgical Oncology Research Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Hai-Feng Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Hunan Higher Education for Western Hunan Medicinal Plant and Ethnobotany, Hunan Provincial Higher Education Key Laboratory of Intensive Processing Research on Mountain Ecological Food, Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Utilization in Wuling Mountain Area, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418008, China; Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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3
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Wang WH, Yang W, Dong JR, Yang FZ, Chen XT, Xie SD, Yang XQ, Zhao P, Zhu GL. Toonanoronoids A-E, five new limonoids from Toona ciliata var. yunnanensis. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105938. [PMID: 38565379 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Five new B-seco-limonoids, namely toonanoronoids A-E (1-5), in conjunction with three previously reported compounds, were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the twigs and leaves of Toona ciliata var. yunnanensis. Their structures were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analysis. The cytotoxic activities of new compounds against five human tumor cell lines (HL-60, SMMC-7721, A549, MCF-7, and SW480) were screened, Compounds 4 and 5 exerted inhibition toward two tumor cell lines (HL-60, SW-480) with IC50 values between 1.7 and 5.9 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650233, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Gastrodia and Fungi Symbiotic Biology, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong 657000, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650233, PR China
| | - Jin-Run Dong
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650233, PR China
| | - Fa-Zhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650233, PR China
| | - Xiao-Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650233, PR China
| | - Si-Da Xie
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650233, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qin Yang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650233, PR China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650233, PR China.
| | - Guo-Lei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650233, PR China.
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4
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Hilmayanti E, Huang X, Salam S, Nurlelasari, Supratman U, Kabayama K, Fukase K. In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Study of Limonoids Isolated from Chisocheton Plants. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:909-922. [PMID: 38275672 PMCID: PMC10814725 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Chisocheton plants from the family Meliaceae have traditionally been used to treat several diseases; however, scientific evidence is limited. The most abundant chemical constituents of this plant are the limonoids, which are known for their various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory effects. However, the anti-inflammatory effects and underlying mechanisms of action of the constituents of Chisocheton plants have not been fully explored. In this report, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of 17 limonoid compounds from Chisocheton plant primarily by measuring their inhibitory effects on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1, in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells using an ELISA assay. Compounds 3, 5, 9, and 14-17 exhibited significant activity in inhibiting the evaluated pro-inflammatory markers, with IC50 values less than 20 µM and a high selectivity index (SI) range. Compounds 3, 5, 9, and 15 significantly suppressed the expression of phosphorylated p38 MAPK in THP-1 cells stimulated with LPS. These findings support the use of limonoids from Chisocheton plants as promising candidates for anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Hilmayanti
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Xuhao Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Supriatno Salam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda 75123, Indonesia
| | - Nurlelasari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Kazuya Kabayama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
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5
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Zhang DY, Liu HF, Jiang TB, Chen C, Lou HY, Pan WD, Li JY. Unusual triterpenoids and steroids from Cipadessa baccifera and their biological activities. Fitoterapia 2023; 171:105708. [PMID: 37866424 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Five undescribed triterpenoids and steroids (1-5), as well as ten known compounds, were purified from the branches and leaves of Cipadessa baccifera. Notably, 1 and 2 are rare cipadesin-type limonoids with an unusual 8,30-epoxide ring and 1,8-ether linkage, respectively. Compound 5 possessed pregnane steroid skeleton with an uncommon 5/6/6/6/5-fused ring system. Their structures were constructed by extensive spectroscopic analysis (NMR, IR, UV, and HRESIMS), and their absolute configurations were confirmed by ECD calculations and quantum chemical calculations. All the isolates were in vitro assayed for their antimicrobial potentials against 6 pathogenic microorganisms and antiproliferation activities against five human cancer cell lines. As a result, compounds 5, 12, 13, and 14 exhibited moderate antibacterial activities (MIC: 25-50 μg/mL). Moreover, 5 showed cytotoxicity against five cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 8.0 to 19.9 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, PR China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, PR China
| | - Han-Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, PR China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, PR China
| | - Tai-Bai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, PR China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, PR China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, PR China
| | - Hua-Yong Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, PR China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, PR China.
| | - Wei-Dong Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Jin-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, PR China; Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, PR China.
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6
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Nazarski RB. On the Use of Deuterated Organic Solvents without TMS to Report 1H/ 13C NMR Spectral Data of Organic Compounds: Current State of the Method, Its Pitfalls and Benefits, and Related Issues. Molecules 2023; 28:4369. [PMID: 37298845 PMCID: PMC10254718 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The quite popular, simple but imperfect method of referencing NMR spectra to residual 1H and 13C signals of TMS-free deuterated organic solvents (referred to as Method A) is critically discussed for six commonly used NMR solvents with respect to their δH and δC values that exist in the literature. Taking into account the most reliable data, it was possible to recommend 'best' δX values for such secondary internal standards. The position of these reference points on the δ scale strongly depends on the concentration and type of analyte under study and the solvent medium used. For some solvents, chemically induced shifts (CISs) of residual 1H lines were considered, also taking into account the formation of 1:1 molecular complexes (for CDCl3). Typical potential errors that can occur as a result of improper application of Method A are considered in detail. An overview of all found δX values adopted by users of this method revealed a discrepancy of up to 1.9 ppm in δC reported for CDCl3, most likely caused by the CIS mentioned above. The drawbacks of Method A are discussed in relation to the classical use of an internal standard (Method B), two 'instrumental' schemes in which Method A is often implicitly applied, that is, the default Method C using 2H lock frequencies and Method D based on Ξ values, recommended by the IUPAC but only occasionally used for 1H/13C spectra, and external referencing (Method E). Analysis of current needs and opportunities for NMR spectrometers led to the conclusion that, for the most accurate application of Method A, it is necessary to (a) use dilute solutions in a single NMR solvent and (b) to report δX data applied for the reference 1H/13C signals to the nearest 0.001/0.01 ppm to ensure the precise characterization of new synthesized or isolated organic systems, especially those with complex or unexpected structures. However, the use of TMS in Method B is strongly recommended in all such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard B Nazarski
- Theoretical and Structural Chemistry Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 163/165 Pomorska, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
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7
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Xing H, Song Z, Guo R, Liu F, An L, Hu P, Guo Y. Secotrijugins A-D, four highly oxidized and rearranged limonoids from Trichilia sinensis and their anti-inflammatory activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 205:113502. [PMID: 36356672 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Four undescribed highly oxidized and rearranged limonoids, secotrijugins A-D, were purified from the leaves and twigs of Trichilia sinensis. Within them, secotrijugin A was characterized as a rare 30-nortrijugin-type limonoid with an unusual cleavage of 1,14-ether bond, secotrijugins B and C represented new examples with the cleavage of δ-lactone ring D, and secotrijugin D was a rare trijugin-type limonoid with an unusual 2,6-oxygen bridge. The structures of limonoids were characterized by means of spectroscopic analysis and ECD calculations. The cellular screening revealed that secotrijugin B was the most active against LPS-stimulated NO production in BV-2 cells, which played an anti-inflammatory role by downregulating COX-2 and iNOS protein expression. The further in vivo experiments confirmed that secotrijugin B had strong in vivo anti-inflammatory effect via suppressing NO and ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ziteng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ruichen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Lijun An
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Research on Pathogenesis of Allergen Provoked Allergic Disease in Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China.
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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8
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Hilmayanti E, Nurlelasari, Supratman U, Kabayama K, Shimoyama A, Fukase K. Limonoids with anti-inflammatory activity: A review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 204:113469. [PMID: 36228704 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The natural limonoids distributed mainly in the Meliaceae and Rutaceae plants are known for their unique and complex structure with high degree oxidation and cyclic rearrangement. However, these compounds exhibit a broad range of biological activities such as insecticidal, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory. There is still limited report about the biological activity of the anti-inflammatory effect of limonoids isolated from plants. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of intact, deformed and rearranged limonoids as anti-inflammatory agents. The majority of anti-inflammatory investigations were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays of the isolated pure compounds and their derivatives. For the in vitro study, intact and C-ring seco limonoids showed a potent inhibitory effect against NO production. The in vivo analysis of Intact, C-seco, and AD-seco limonoids showed a potent effect based on the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines expression, indicating their potency as anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Hilmayanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Nurlelasari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; Central Laboratory of Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Kazuya Kabayama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
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9
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Wang WH, He LF, Li CP, Yang FZ, Yang XQ, Xie SD, Zhao P, Zhu GL. Tociliatonoid A: a Novel Limonoid from Toona ciliata. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Song H, Li Y, Wang Z, Duan Z, Wang Y, Yang E, Que Q, Chen X, Li P. Transcriptome profiling of Toona ciliata young stems in response to Hypsipyla robusta Moore. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:950945. [PMID: 36105698 PMCID: PMC9465623 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.950945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Toona ciliata is a traditional woody plant that can be used as a medicinal material in China. The extracts of its roots, stems, leaves, and flowers all have a wide range of bioactive compounds. However, T. ciliata has been facing an unresolved pest problem caused by Hypsipyla robusta Moore (HRM), which seriously affects its growth and development. In this study, the expression level of TcMYB3 gene reached the maximum (28-fold) at 12 h and transcriptome sequencing of young stems eaten by HRM for 0, 3, 12, and 21 h were performed. A large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified including jointly up-regulated genes (263) and down-regulated genes (378). JA synthesis and signaling transduction, terpene biosynthesis, and MAPKs signaling pathway were analyzed in depth and found that TcOPR3, TcJAR1, TcJAZs, and TcTPS9 genes possessed anti-insect potential. Moreover, MYB and ERF transcription factor (TF) families were significantly strengthened to the point that they may participate in induced defense mechanisms in T. ciliata. These data not only provide insights into the molecular mechanisms in resistance of T. ciliata to HRM but also helps to explore the new biocontrol strategies against insects in eco-friendly woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyun Song
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Duan
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueyang Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Endian Yang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingmin Que
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Li
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Luo J, Sun Y, Li Q, Kong L. Research progress of meliaceous limonoids from 2011 to 2021. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1325-1365. [PMID: 35608367 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00015f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Covering: July 2010 to December 2021Limonoids, a kind of natural tetranortriterpenoids with diverse skeletons and valuable insecticidal and medicinal bioactivities, are the characteristic metabolites of most plants of the Meliaceae family. The chemistry and bioactivities of meliaceous limonoids are a continuing hot area of natural products research; to date, about 2700 meliaceous limonoids have been identified. In particular, more than 1600, including thirty kinds of novel rearranged skeletons, have been isolated and identified in the past decade due to their wide distribution and abundant content in Meliaceae plants and active biosynthetic pathways. In addition to the discovery of new structures, many positive medicinal bioactivities of meliaceous limonoids have been investigated, and extensive achievements regarding the chemical and biological synthesis have been made. This review summarizes the recent research progress in the discovery of new structures, medicinal and agricultural bioactivities, and chem/biosynthesis of limonoids from the plants of the Meliaceae family during the past decade, with an emphasis on the discovery of limonoids with novel skeletons, the medicinal bioactivities and mechanisms, and chemical synthesis. The structures, origins, and bioactivities of other new limonoids were provided as ESI. Studies published from July 2010 to December 2021 are reviewed, and 482 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunpeng Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiurong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Sun Y, Cui L, Li Q, Tang P, Li Y, Xu W, Luo J, Kong L. Mufolinin A, an unprecedented ring A-seco 10-ethyllimonoid from Munronia unifoliolata. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shi QQ, Zhang XJ, Wang TT, Zhang Y, Zeb MA, Zhang RH, Li XL, Xiao WL. Toonaones A-I, limonoids with NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitory activity from Toona ciliata M. Roem. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 184:112661. [PMID: 33454615 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nine undescribed limonoids, 18(13 → 14)-abeo-15β,21-dihydroxy-24,25,26,27-tetranor-3,7-dioxoapotirucalla-1,9(11),13(17),20(22)-tetraen-23,21-olide (Toonaone A), 21-hydroxy-24,25,26,27-tetranor-3,7,15-trioxoapotirucalla-1,9(11),20(22)-trien-23,21-olide (Toonaone B), 7α,21-dihydroxy-12α-isobutyryl-24,25,26,27-tetranor-3,15-dioxoapotirucalla-1,20(22)-dien-23,21-olide (Toonaone C), 7,8-seco-7-methyl ester-11β-acetoxy-14β,15β-epoxy-21-hydroxy-24,25,26,27-tetranor-3-oxoapotirucalla-1,8(30),20(22)-trien-23,21-olide (Toonaone D), 7,8-seco-7-methyl ester-11β-acetoxy-14β,15β-epoxy-23-hydroxy-24,25,26,27-tetranor-3-oxoapotirucalla-1,8(30),20(22)-trien-21,23-olide (Toonaone E), 7,8-seco-7-methyl ester-11β-acetoxy-14β,15β-epoxy-6β,21-dihydroxy-24,25,26,27-tetranor-3-oxoapotirucalla-1,8(30),20(22)-trien-23,21-olide (Toonaone F), 7,8-seco-7-methyl ester-14β,15β-epoxy-8α,21-dihydroxy-24,25,26,27-tetranor-3-oxoapotirucalla-1,20(22)-dien-23,21-olide (Toonaone G), 7,8-seco-7-methyl ester-14β,15β-epoxy-6β,8α,21-trihydroxy-24,25,26,27-tetranor-3-oxoapotirucalla-1,20(22)-dien-23,21-olide (Toonaone H), 7,8-seco-7-methyl ester-14β,15β-epoxy-6β,8α,21-trihydroxy-24,25,26,27-tetranor-3-oxoapotirucalla-1,20(22)-dien-21,23-diimide (Toonaone I), and five known analogues were isolated from the twigs of Toona ciliata M. Roem. (Meliaceae). Toonaone A possesses the first rare 18(13 → 14)-abeo-limonoid skeleton reported from the genus Toona. Their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic data analyses and quantum chemistry calculations. Biological evaluation showed that toonaone C, toonaone D, toonaone G, toonaciliatavarin F, and toonaciliatavarin G exhibited significant anti-NLRP3 inflammasome activity with IC50 values ranging from 3.74 to 18.7 μM. GMDMD, IL-1β, and caspase-1 analyses suggested that toonaone D inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and blocked macrophage pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Qiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Xing-Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Muhammad Aurang Zeb
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Rui-Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China.
| | - Wei-Lie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China.
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Shi QQ, Zhang XJ, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Amin M, Li Q, Wu XW, Li XL, Zhang RH, Dai XC, Xiao WL. Toonaolides A–X, limonoids from Toona ciliata: Isolation, structural elucidation, and bioactivity against NLRP3 inflammasome. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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15
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Song H, Mao W, Duan Z, Que Q, Zhou W, Chen X, Li P. Selection and validation of reference genes for measuring gene expression in Toona ciliata under different experimental conditions by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:450. [PMID: 33003996 PMCID: PMC7528382 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Before studying gene expression of different organisms, it is important to determine the best reference gene. At present, the most accurate method of detecting gene expression is quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). With this method, reference genes that are stable in different biological systems and under different conditions can be obtained. Toona ciliata Roem (T. ciliata). is a valuable and fast-growing timber specie. In this study, 20 reference genes were identified using RT-qPCR, as a primary prerequisite for future gene expression analysis. Four different methods, geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RankAggreg were used to evaluate the expression stability of the 20 candidate reference genes in various tissues under different conditions. RESULTS The experimental results showed that TUB-α was the most stably expressed reference gene across all samples and UBC17 was the most stable in leaves and young stems under Hypsipyla robusta (H. robusta) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatments. In addition, PP2C59 and UBC5B were the best-performing genes in leaves under H. robusta treatment, while HIS1 and ACT7 were the best reference genes in young stems. The two best reference genes were 60S-18 and TUB-α after treatment at 4 °C. The expression of HIS6 and MUB1 was the most stable under PEG6000 treatment. The accuracy of the selected reference genes was verified using the transcription factor MYB3 (TcMYB3) gene. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report to verify the best reference genes for normalizing gene expression in T. ciliata under different conditions, which will facilitate future elucidation of gene regulations in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyun Song
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- South China Agricultural University, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenmai Mao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- South China Agricultural University, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhihao Duan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- South China Agricultural University, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qingmin Que
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- South China Agricultural University, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- South China Agricultural University, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- South China Agricultural University, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Pei Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- South China Agricultural University, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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16
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Xu WJ, Li JH, Zhou MM, Luo J, Jian KL, Tian XM, Xia YZ, Yang L, Luo J, Kong LY. Toonasindiynes A-F, new polyacetylenes from Toona sinensis with cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104667. [PMID: 32540380 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The plants of genus Toona are well known for diverse limonoid secondary metabolites, while polyacetylenes are rarely found from Toona species. In this work, six new polyacetylenes toonasindiynes A-F (1-6) and six known analogues (7-12) were isolated from the root bark of Toona sinensis. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis, modified Mosher's method, and biosynthetic consideration. These polyacetylenes share the same 4,6-diyne moiety with different side chain length and different oxidation degree. Bioactivity screening revealed the cytotoxic activity of 3, 5, 9, and 11 against U2OS cells, and the inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production of 1, 2, 5, 8, 9, and 11 in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-He Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao-Miao Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Li Jian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Meng Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Zheng Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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