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Xing H, Song Z, Guo R, Liu F, An L, Hu P, Guo Y. Secotrijugins A-D, four highly oxidized and rearranged limonoids from Trichilia sinensis and their anti-inflammatory activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 205:113502. [PMID: 36356672 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Four undescribed highly oxidized and rearranged limonoids, secotrijugins A-D, were purified from the leaves and twigs of Trichilia sinensis. Within them, secotrijugin A was characterized as a rare 30-nortrijugin-type limonoid with an unusual cleavage of 1,14-ether bond, secotrijugins B and C represented new examples with the cleavage of δ-lactone ring D, and secotrijugin D was a rare trijugin-type limonoid with an unusual 2,6-oxygen bridge. The structures of limonoids were characterized by means of spectroscopic analysis and ECD calculations. The cellular screening revealed that secotrijugin B was the most active against LPS-stimulated NO production in BV-2 cells, which played an anti-inflammatory role by downregulating COX-2 and iNOS protein expression. The further in vivo experiments confirmed that secotrijugin B had strong in vivo anti-inflammatory effect via suppressing NO and ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ziteng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ruichen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Lijun An
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Research on Pathogenesis of Allergen Provoked Allergic Disease in Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China.
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Luo J, Sun Y, Li Q, Kong L. Research progress of meliaceous limonoids from 2011 to 2021. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1325-1365. [PMID: 35608367 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00015f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Covering: July 2010 to December 2021Limonoids, a kind of natural tetranortriterpenoids with diverse skeletons and valuable insecticidal and medicinal bioactivities, are the characteristic metabolites of most plants of the Meliaceae family. The chemistry and bioactivities of meliaceous limonoids are a continuing hot area of natural products research; to date, about 2700 meliaceous limonoids have been identified. In particular, more than 1600, including thirty kinds of novel rearranged skeletons, have been isolated and identified in the past decade due to their wide distribution and abundant content in Meliaceae plants and active biosynthetic pathways. In addition to the discovery of new structures, many positive medicinal bioactivities of meliaceous limonoids have been investigated, and extensive achievements regarding the chemical and biological synthesis have been made. This review summarizes the recent research progress in the discovery of new structures, medicinal and agricultural bioactivities, and chem/biosynthesis of limonoids from the plants of the Meliaceae family during the past decade, with an emphasis on the discovery of limonoids with novel skeletons, the medicinal bioactivities and mechanisms, and chemical synthesis. The structures, origins, and bioactivities of other new limonoids were provided as ESI. Studies published from July 2010 to December 2021 are reviewed, and 482 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunpeng Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiurong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Dileep Kumar G, Siva B, Ashwini K, Vinod Kumar J, Ramalingam V, Sai Balaji A, Suresh Babu K. Design, synthesis, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities of some novel analogues of aloe-emodin isolated from the rhizomes of Rheum emodi. Nat Prod Res 2022; 37:1511-1517. [PMID: 35021945 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.2024531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In connection with our continuous efforts in the synthesis of derivatives from major compounds isolated from traditional medicinal plants, in the present study we have attempted to synthesize the furan-conjugated aloe-emodin derivatives (5a-j) using a three-component reaction. The synthesized derivatives were assessed for anticancer activity against five different cancer cell lines using the in vitro MTT assay and the results showed that most of the derivatives are potent against cancer cells comparing with the control. Compounds 5a and 5e showed excellent activity against all the cancer cells with less than 12.5 µM and arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase in both CAL27 and SCC9 cells. Compound 5e induces the early apoptosis in CAL27 cells and compounds 5a and 5e induce early and late apoptosis, respectively, in SCC9 cells. Moreover, compounds 5b, 5c, 5i, and 5j showed excellent anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting IL-6 production. The molecular docking studies revealed that compound 5e has strong interaction with the CLK kinase and protein kinase II through hydrogen binding Asp325 and Lys290.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dileep Kumar
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Bandi Siva
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - K Ashwini
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - J Vinod Kumar
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - V Ramalingam
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - A Sai Balaji
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - K Suresh Babu
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Cao DH, Yao JN, Sun P, Ji KL, Li XN, Cai Q, Xiao CF, Hu HB, Yu ZY, Xu YK. Structurally diverse limonoids and bio-active evaluation from Trichilia connaroides. Fitoterapia 2021; 153:105001. [PMID: 34329727 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Four new limonoids, named as trichiconlide G (1), 2-hydroxyltrijugin F (2), 23-oxo-21-hydroxyltrijugin F (3), 21-oxo-23-hydroxyltrijugin F (4), along with sixteen known analogues (5-20) were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Trichilia connaroides. Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic analyses, X-ray diffraction analysis, and TD-DFT-ECD calculations. Trichiconlide G (1) is one rare naturally occurring 1,2-seco phragmalin-type limonoid bearing a C-7/28 δ-lactone ring. Additionally, 2-hydroxyltrijugin F (2), 23-oxo-21-hydroxyltrijugin F (3), and 21-oxo-23-hydroxyltrijugin F (4) are three naturally occurring limonoids with a rare C-16/8 δ-lactone ring. All isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities. None of compounds exhibited cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines A-549, HepG2, 5-8F, Siha, and SCC-4 at the concentration of 40 μM. Compounds 16 and 17 showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 values of 28.45 ± 2.51 and 22.66 ± 2.01 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hua Cao
- The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, PR China
| | - Jian-Neng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, PR China
| | - Kai-Long Ji
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, PR China
| | - Xiao-Nian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Qiang Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650021, PR China
| | - Chun-Fen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, PR China
| | - Hua-Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650021, PR China.
| | - You-Kai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, PR China.
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Pavan Kumar P, Siva B, Katragunta K, Beedkar SD, Ramakrishna S, Barua CC, Suresh Babu K. Investigation of Cytotoxic Constituents from Seed Pulp of Entada Phaseoloides and Metabolite Profiling Using UPLC-QTOF-MSE. J AOAC Int 2021; 104:827-835. [PMID: 33259584 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Entada phaseoloides (Linn.) Merr. (Family: Fabaceae) is a well-known, traditional, medicinal plant that has been extensively used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine for centuries to combat a wide range of ailments. OBJECTIVE The goal of this work was to investigate the bioactive constituents from n-butanol extracts of Entada. phaseoloides and develop a method for the comprehensive characterization of saponins using liquid chromatography with an electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS). METHODS A hyphenated technique, ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS), has been proposed to integrate LC and MS together with NMR for structural elucidation. This method allowed comprehensive characterization of saponin glycosides from E. phaseoloides based on their MS/MS fragmentation study. RESULTS The phytochemical study of E. phaseoloides resulted in the isolation and identification of three bio-active constituents. Further, the UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS method led the structure elucidation of saponin constituents directly from crude extracts via comparison of the exact molecular masses from their MS/MS spectra. Identified common fragments m/z 648, 630, 498, 366, and 204 were used for the screening of saponin components. CONCLUSIONS The present study summarizes the isolation and identification of bio-compounds from n-butanol extract and the demonstration of UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis for the characterization of compounds in complex crude extracts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic study in structural characterization on complex saponins and other metabolites from crude extract of E. phaseoloides using UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MSE. HIGHLIGHTS Rapid analysis and characterizations of three new saponins from E. phaseoloides using UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MSE were tentatively identified based on the mass fragmentation study.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pavan Kumar
- Centre for Natural Products and Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Bandi Siva
- Centre for Natural Products and Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Kumar Katragunta
- Centre for Natural Products and Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Supriya D Beedkar
- Centre for Natural Products and Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Sistla Ramakrishna
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Chandana C Barua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, Assam-781022, India
| | - K Suresh Babu
- Centre for Natural Products and Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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Kumar GD, Siva B, Vadlamudi S, Bathula SR, Dutta H, Suresh Babu K. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of pyrazole-linked aloe emodin derivatives as potential anticancer agents. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:791-796. [PMID: 34124677 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00315h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In connection with our continuous efforts to generate new derivatives from lead compounds isolated from traditional medicinal plants, a series of aloe-emodin derivatives (6a-6e) were synthesized and assessed for their potential anticancer activity against a panel of cancer cell lines. The results showed that most of the derivatives are more active than the aloe-emodin and particularly, 6b and 6e manifested potent activity with IC50 values of 1.32 & 1.6 μM and 0.99 & 2.68 μM against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, respectively. Moreover, 6b and 6e induce early and late apoptosis as well as arrest the cell cycle at the G2/M phase in MDA-MB-231 cells. In conclusion, the results confirmed that the aloe-emodin derivatives could be a potential drug candidate for better treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guddeti Dileep Kumar
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad - 201002 India
| | - Bandi Siva
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Sravanthi Vadlamudi
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Surendar Reddy Bathula
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Hashnu Dutta
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad-500 007 India
| | - K Suresh Babu
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
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Majhi S, Das D. Chemical derivatization of natural products: Semisynthesis and pharmacological aspects- A decade update. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Solipeta DR, Bandi S, Katragunta K, Mutheneni SR, Katragadda SB. UPLC-MS E Guided Isolation of New Antifeedant Limonoids from Fruits of Trichilia connaroides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6826-6834. [PMID: 32459956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
UPLC-MSE guided isolation of CHCl3 extract from the fruits of Trichilia connaroides yielded two new mexicanolide-type limonoids trichanolide F (1) and trichanolide G (2) along with a known compound carapanolide U (3). The structures of the limonoids were characterized by extensive spectroscopic analysis (MS, IR, 2D NMR). These limonoids (1-3) were evaluated for their antifeedancy against Spodoptera litura F. To further explore and draw the meaningful structure activity relationship studies, secophragmalin-type limonoids, namely, secotrichagmalin B, C (4, 5) and semisynthetic derivatives (5a-5l) were also screened for antifeedancy. The results revealed that trichanolide F (1) displayed highest antifeedant index (AFI) and caused larval mortality at 24 h. Derivative 5b caused larval toxicity, whereas 3, 5a, 5d, and 5g lead to pupal mortality and 2, 5f, 5k, and 5l caused adult deformities. Overall, the study provided new insights into the antifeedant potential of isolated and chemically modified limonoids from T. connaroides for the control of spodopteran pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Reddy Solipeta
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Siva Bandi
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Kumar Katragunta
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Srinivasa Rao Mutheneni
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana India
| | - Suresh Babu Katragadda
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
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Dileep Kumar G, Siva B, Bharathi K, Devi A, Pavan Kumar P, Anusha K, Lambhate S, Karunakar T, Kumar Tiwari A, Suresh Babu K. Synthesis and biological evaluation of Schizandrin derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127354. [PMID: 32631552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of oxime ester-derivatives were prepared by utilizing the schizandrin (1), a major compound isolated from Schisandra grandiflora, which is deployed in different traditional system of medicine. The in vitro antiproliferative activities of the synthesized compounds were assessed against a selected panel of human cancer cell lines (A549, RKO P3, DU145 and Hela) and normal cell (HEK293). Several of these derivatives were found more potent in comparison to parent compound, schizandrin (1). Particularly, 4a and 4b demonstrated potent activity against DU-145 and RKOP3 cell lines with IC50 values of 3.42 µM and 3.35 µM respectively. To characterize the molecular mechanisms involved in antitumoral activity, these two compounds, 4a and 4b were selected for further studies. Cell cycle analysis revealed that both the compounds were able to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. To know the extent of apoptosis in DU145 and RKOP3 cell lines, Annexin V-FITC were performed. Moreover, the tubulin polymerization assay indicated that 4a and 4b exhibits potent inhibitory effect on the tubulin assembly. Molecular docking studies and competitive binding assay also indicated that 4a and 4b effectively bind at the colchicine binding site of the tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dileep Kumar
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academi of Scientific and Innovative Research-Postal staff college Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Utter Pradesh 201002, India
| | - B Siva
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - K Bharathi
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - A Devi
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - P Pavan Kumar
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - K Anusha
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Surbhi Lambhate
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - T Karunakar
- Qstatix Private Limited, Hyderabad 500035, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Tiwari
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - K Suresh Babu
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.
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