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Ren W, Deng Y, Ward JD, Vairin R, Bai R, Wanniarachchi HI, Hamal KB, Tankoano PE, Tamminga CS, Bueno LMA, Hamel E, Mason RP, Trawick ML, Pinney KG. Synthesis and biological evaluation of structurally diverse 6-aryl-3-aroyl-indole analogues as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 263:115794. [PMID: 37984295 PMCID: PMC11019941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and evaluation of small-molecule inhibitors of tubulin polymerization remains a promising approach for the development of new therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. The natural products colchicine and combretastatin A-4 (CA4) inspired significant drug discovery campaigns targeting the colchicine site located on the beta-subunit of the tubulin heterodimer, but so far these efforts have not yielded an approved drug for cancer treatment in human patients. Interest in the colchicine site was enhanced by the discovery that a subset of colchicine site agents demonstrated dual functionality as both potent antiproliferative agents and effective vascular disrupting agents (VDAs). Our previous studies led to the discovery and development of a 2-aryl-3-aroyl-indole analogue (OXi8006) that inhibited tubulin polymerization and demonstrated low nM IC50 values against a variety of human cancer cell lines. A water-soluble phosphate prodrug salt (OXi8007), synthesized from OXi8006, displayed promising vascular disrupting activity in mouse models of cancer. To further extend structure-activity relationship correlations, a series of 6-aryl-3-aroyl-indole analogues was synthesized and evaluated for their inhibition of tubulin polymerization and cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines. Several structurally diverse molecules in this small library were strong inhibitors of tubulin polymerization and of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. One of the most promising analogues (KGP591) caused significant G2/M arrest of MDA-MB-231 cells, disrupted microtubule structure and cell morphology in MDA-MB-231 cells, and demonstrated significant inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cell migration in a wound healing (scratch) assay. A phosphate prodrug salt, KGP618, synthesized from its parent phenolic precursor, KGP591, demonstrated significant reduction in bioluminescence signal when evaluated in vivo against an orthotopic model of kidney cancer (RENCA-luc) in BALB/c mice, indicative of VDA efficacy. The most active compounds from this series offer promise as anticancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place, No. 97348, Waco, TX, 76798-7348, United States.
| | - Yuling Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place, No. 97348, Waco, TX, 76798-7348, United States.
| | - Jacob D Ward
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place, No. 97348, Waco, TX, 76798-7348, United States.
| | - Rebecca Vairin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place, No. 97348, Waco, TX, 76798-7348, United States.
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States.
| | - Hashini I Wanniarachchi
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9058, United States.
| | - Khagendra B Hamal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place, No. 97348, Waco, TX, 76798-7348, United States.
| | - Pouguiniseli E Tankoano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place, No. 97348, Waco, TX, 76798-7348, United States.
| | - Caleb S Tamminga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place, No. 97348, Waco, TX, 76798-7348, United States.
| | - Lorena M A Bueno
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9058, United States.
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States.
| | - Ralph P Mason
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9058, United States.
| | - Mary Lynn Trawick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place, No. 97348, Waco, TX, 76798-7348, United States.
| | - Kevin G Pinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place, No. 97348, Waco, TX, 76798-7348, United States.
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Guo D, Huang Y, Wang K, Yang C, Ma L, Zhang Y, Yu H, Cui M, Tang Z. Preparation and Characterization Evaluation of Poly(L-Glutamic Acid)- g-Methoxy Poly(Ethylene Glycol)/Combretastatin A4/BLZ945 Nanoparticles for Cervical Cancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:6901-6914. [PMID: 38026524 PMCID: PMC10676729 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s441131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cervical cancer (CC) is a highly vascularized tumor with abundant abnormal blood vessel, which could be targeted by therapeutic strategies. Poly(L-glutamic acid)-g-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)/combretastatin A4 (CA4)/BLZ945 nanoparticles (CB-NPs) have shown great potential as nano vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) in the realm of synergistic cancer therapy. Methods In this study, we investigated the nanocharacteristics of CB-NPs, focusing on active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), as well as lyophilized samples combining API with protective agents (PAs). The in vivo efficacy of final sample (API + PAs) was evaluated. Results The assembled sphere of API with complex core and thin-shell structure was confirmed. PAs were found to significantly influence in vivo efficacy. Collaborative efforts between API and PAs, namely mannitol and lactose, resulted in the most promising lyophilized sample, ie, the final sample (FS2) for CC therapy. Impressively, FS2 demonstrated an exceptional 100% cure rate on the CC U14-bearing mice model. Conclusion FS2 has provided significant insights for cervical cancer therapy. It is also crucial to develop a comprehensive evaluation strategy for the formulation of nanomedicine, which has the potential to serve as a guideline for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Guo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Ma
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manhua Cui
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Fadhel MN, Appak Baskoy S, Wang Y, Hysi E, Kolios MC. Use of photoacoustic imaging for monitoring vascular disrupting cancer treatments. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202000209. [PMID: 32888381 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Vascular disrupting agents disrupt tumor vessels, blocking the nutritional and oxygen supply tumors need to thrive. This is achieved by damaging the endothelium lining of blood vessels, resulting in red blood cells (RBCs) entering the tumor parenchyma. RBCs present in the extracellular matrix are exposed to external stressors resulting in biochemical and physiological changes. The detection of these changes can be used to monitor the efficacy of cancer treatments. Spectroscopic photoacoustic (PA) imaging is an ideal candidate for probing RBCs due to their high optical absorption relative to surrounding tissue. The goal of this work is to use PA imaging to monitor the efficacy of the vascular disrupting agent 5,6-Dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) through quantitative analysis. Then, 4T1 breast cancer cells were injected subcutaneously into the left hind leg of eight BALB/c mice. After 10 days, half of the mice were treated with 15 mg/kg of DMXAA and the other half were injected with saline. All mice were imaged using the VevoLAZR X PA system before treatment, 24 and 72 hours after treatment. The imaging was done at six wavelengths and linear spectral unmixing was applied to the PA images to quantify three forms of hemoglobin (oxy, deoxy and met-hemoglobin). After imaging, tumors were histologically processed and H&E and TUNEL staining were used to detect the tissue damage induced by the DMXAA treatment. The total hemoglobin concentration remained unchanged after treatment for the saline treated mice. For DMXAA treated mice, a 10% increase of deoxyhemoglobin concentration was detected 24 hours after treatment and a 22.6% decrease in total hemoglobin concentration was observed by 72 hours. A decrease in the PA spectral slope parameters was measured 24 hours after treatment. This suggests that DMXAA induces vascular damage, causing red blood cells to extravasate. Furthermore, H&E staining of the tumor showed areas of bleeding with erythrocyte deposition. These observations are further supported by the increase in TUNEL staining in DMXAA treated tumors, revealing increased cell death due to vascular disruption. This study demonstrates the capability of PA imaging to monitor tumor vessel disruption by the vascular disrupting agent DMXAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhannad N Fadhel
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sila Appak Baskoy
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yanjie Wang
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eno Hysi
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael C Kolios
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Hu B, Zhao X, Wang E, Zhou J, Li J, Chen J, Du G. Efficient heterologous expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes in microorganisms for the biosynthesis of natural products. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:227-241. [PMID: 35129020 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2029344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural products, a chemically and structurally diverse class of molecules, possess a wide spectrum of biological activities, have been used therapeutically for millennia, and have provided many lead compounds for the development of synthetic drugs. Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s, CYP) are widespread in nature and are involved in the biosynthesis of many natural products. P450s are heme-containing enzymes that use molecular oxygen and the hydride donor NAD(P)H (coupled via enzymic redox partners) to catalyze the insertion of oxygen into C-H bonds in a regio- and stereo-selective manner, effecting hydroxylation and several other reactions. With the rapid development of systems biology, numerous novel P450s have been identified for the biosynthesis of natural products, but there are still several challenges to the efficient heterologous expression of active P450s. This review covers recent developments in P450 research and development, including the properties and functions of P450s, discovery and mining of novel P450s, modification and screening of P450 mutants, improved heterologous expression of P450s in microbial hosts, efficient whole-cell transformation with P450s, and current applications of P450s for the biosynthesis of natural products. This resource provides a solid foundation for the application of highly active and stable P450s in microbial cell factories to biosynthesize natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baodong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinrui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Endao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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5
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Liu ZL, Ren XT, Huang Y, Sun JL, Wang XS, Zheng MF, Cui LJ, Zhang XF, Tang ZH. A Novel CA4P Polymeric Nanoparticle for Murine Hepatoma Therapy. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-023-2921-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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6
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Liu L, Schuetze R, Gerberich JL, Lopez R, Odutola SO, Tanpure RP, Charlton-Sevcik AK, Tidmore JK, Taylor EAS, Kapur P, Hammers H, Trawick ML, Pinney KG, Mason RP. Demonstrating Tumor Vascular Disrupting Activity of the Small-Molecule Dihydronaphthalene Tubulin-Binding Agent OXi6196 as a Potential Therapeutic for Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174208. [PMID: 36077745 PMCID: PMC9454770 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular disrupting activity of a promising tubulin-binding agent (OXi6196) was demonstrated in mice in MDA-MB-231 human breast tumor xenografts growing orthotopically in mammary fat pad and syngeneic RENCA kidney tumors growing orthotopically in the kidney. To enhance water solubility, OXi6196, was derivatized as its corresponding phosphate prodrug salt OXi6197, facilitating effective delivery. OXi6197 is stable in water, but rapidly releases OXi6196 in the presence of alkaline phosphatase. At low nanomolar concentrations OXi6196 caused G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and monolayers of rapidly growing HUVECs underwent concentration-dependent changes in their morphology. Loss of the microtubule structure and increased bundling of filamentous actin into stress fibers followed by cell collapse, rounding and blebbing was observed. OXi6196 (100 nM) disrupted capillary-like endothelial networks pre-established with HUVECs on Matrigel®. When prodrug OXi6197 was administered to mice bearing orthotopic MDA-MB-231-luc tumors, dynamic bioluminescence imaging (BLI) revealed dose-dependent vascular shutdown with >80% signal loss within 2 h at doses ≥30 mg/kg and >90% shutdown after 6 h for doses ≥35 mg/kg, which remained depressed by at least 70% after 24 h. Twice weekly treatment with prodrug OXi6197 (20 mg/kg) caused a significant tumor growth delay, but no overall survival benefit. Similar efficacy was observed for the first time in orthotopic RENCA-luc tumors, which showed massive hemorrhage and necrosis after 24 h. Twice weekly dosing with prodrug OXi6197 (35 mg/kg) caused tumor growth delay in most orthotopic RENCA tumors. Immunohistochemistry revealed extensive necrosis, though with surviving peripheral tissues. These results demonstrate effective vascular disruption at doses comparable to the most effective vascular-disrupting agents (VDAs) suggesting opportunities for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Regan Schuetze
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jeni L. Gerberich
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ramona Lopez
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Samuel O. Odutola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Rajendra P. Tanpure
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | | | - Justin K. Tidmore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Emily A.-S. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Payal Kapur
- Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hans Hammers
- Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mary Lynn Trawick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Kevin G. Pinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Ralph P. Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-214-648-8926
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Liu Z, Zhang Y, Shen N, Sun J, Tang Z, Chen X. Destruction of tumor vasculature by vascular disrupting agents in overcoming the limitation of EPR effect. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 183:114138. [PMID: 35143895 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine greatly improves the efficiency in the delivery of antitumor drugs into the tumor, but insufficient tumoral penetration impairs the therapeutic efficacy of most nanomedicines. Vascular disrupting agent (VDA) nanomedicines are distributed around the tumor vessels due to the low tissue penetration in solid tumors, and the released drugs can selectively destroy immature tumor vessels and block the supply of oxygen and nutrients, leading to the internal necrosis of the tumors. VDAs can also improve the vascular permeability of the tumor, further increasing the extravasation of VDA nanomedicines in the tumor site, markedly reducing the dependence of nanomedicines on the enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR effect). This review highlights the progress of VDA nanomedicines in recent years and their application in cancer therapy. First, the mechanisms of different VDAs are introduced. Subsequently, different strategies of delivering VDAs are described. Finally, multiple combination strategies with VDA nanomedicines in cancer therapy are described in detail.
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8
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Microtubule Organization Is Essential for Maintaining Cellular Morphology and Function. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1623181. [PMID: 35295719 PMCID: PMC8920689 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1623181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are highly dynamic polymers essential for a wide range of cellular physiologies, such as acting as directional railways for intracellular transport and position, guiding chromosome segregation during cell division, and controlling cell polarity and morphogenesis. Evidence has established that maintaining microtubule (MT) stability in neurons is vital for fundamental cellular and developmental processes, such as neurodevelopment, degeneration, and regeneration. To fulfill these diverse functions, the nervous system employs an arsenal of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to control MT organization and function. Subsequent studies have identified that the disruption of MT function in neurons is one of the most prevalent and important pathological features of traumatic nerve damage and neurodegenerative diseases and that this disruption manifests as a reduction in MT polymerization and concomitant deregulation of the MT cytoskeleton, as well as downregulation of microtubule-associated protein (MAP) expression. A variety of MT-targeting agents that reverse this pathological condition, which is regarded as a therapeutic opportunity to intervene the onset and development of these nervous system abnormalities, is currently under development. Here, we provide an overview of the MT-intrinsic organization process and how MAPs interact with the MT cytoskeleton to promote MT polymerization, stabilization, and bundling. We also highlight recent advances in MT-targeting therapeutic agents applied to various neurological disorders. Together, these findings increase our current understanding of the function and regulation of MT organization in nerve growth and regeneration.
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Nitroaromatic Hypoxia-Activated Prodrugs for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020187. [PMID: 35215299 PMCID: PMC8878295 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of “hypoxic” tissue (with O2 levels of <0.1 mmHg) in solid tumours, resulting in quiescent tumour cells distant from blood vessels, but capable of being reactivated by reoxygenation following conventional therapy (radiation or drugs), have long been known as a limitation to successful cancer chemotherapy. This has resulted in a sustained effort to develop nitroaromatic “hypoxia-activated prodrugs” designed to undergo enzyme-based nitro group reduction selectively in these hypoxic regions, to generate active drugs. Such nitro-based prodrugs can be classified into two major groups; those activated either by electron redistribution or by fragmentation following nitro group reduction, relying on the extraordinary difference in electron demand between an aromatic nitro group and its reduction products. The vast majority of hypoxia-activated fall into the latter category and are discussed here classed by the nature of their nitroaromatic trigger units.
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10
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Wang Z, Yang L, Li Y, Song S, Qu J, He R, Ren S, Gong P. An activatable, carrier-free, triple-combination nanomedicine for ALK/EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer highly permeable targeted chemotherapy. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03231g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly permeable targeted chemotherapy is highly desired for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Liyan Yang
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Handong, 273165, China
| | - Yake Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, China
| | - Shaohua Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, China
| | - Juan Qu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, China
| | - Rui He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, China
| | - Shanshan Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, China
| | - Peiwei Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072, China
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11
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Therapeutic targeting of the hypoxic tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:751-772. [PMID: 34326502 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is prevalent in human tumours and contributes to microenvironments that shape cancer evolution and adversely affect therapeutic outcomes. Historically, two different tumour microenvironment (TME) research communities have been discernible. One has focused on physicochemical gradients of oxygen, pH and nutrients in the tumour interstitium, motivated in part by the barrier that hypoxia poses to effective radiotherapy. The other has focused on cellular interactions involving tumour and non-tumour cells within the TME. Over the past decade, strong links have been established between these two themes, providing new insights into fundamental aspects of tumour biology and presenting new strategies for addressing the effects of hypoxia and other microenvironmental features that arise from the inefficient microvascular system in solid tumours. This Review provides a perspective on advances at the interface between these two aspects of the TME, with a focus on translational therapeutic opportunities relating to the elimination and/or exploitation of tumour hypoxia.
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12
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Guo Y, Wang H, Gerberich JL, Odutola SO, Charlton-Sevcik AK, Li M, Tanpure RP, Tidmore JK, Trawick ML, Pinney KG, Mason RP, Liu L. Imaging-Guided Evaluation of the Novel Small-Molecule Benzosuberene Tubulin-Binding Agent KGP265 as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194769. [PMID: 34638255 PMCID: PMC8507561 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Vascular-disrupting agents promise significant therapeutic efficacy against solid tumors by selectively damaging tumor-associated vasculature. Dynamic BLI and oxygen-enhanced multispectral optoacoustic tomography (OE-MSOT) were used to compare vascular shutdown following administration of KGP265. BLI signal and vascular oxygenation response (ΔsO2) to a gas breathing challenge were both significantly reduced within 2 h indicating vascular disruption, which continued over 24 h. Twice-weekly doses of KGP265 caused a significant growth delay in MDA-MB-231 human breast tumor xenografts and 4T1 syngeneic breast tumors growing orthotopically in mice. Abstract The selective disruption of tumor-associated vasculature represents an attractive therapeutic approach. We have undertaken the first in vivo evaluation of KGP265, a water-soluble prodrug of a benzosuberene-based tubulin-binding agent, and found promising vascular-disrupting activity in three distinct tumor types. Dose escalation in orthotopic MDA-MB-231-luc breast tumor xenografts in mice indicated that higher doses produced more effective vascular shutdown, as revealed by dynamic bioluminescence imaging (BLI). In syngeneic orthotopic 4T1-luc breast and RENCA-luc kidney tumors, dynamic BLI and oxygen enhanced multispectral optoacoustic tomography (OE-MSOT) were used to compare vascular shutdown following the administration of KGP265 (7.5 mg/kg). The BLI signal and vascular oxygenation response (ΔsO2) to a gas breathing challenge were both significantly reduced within 2 h, indicating vascular disruption, which continued over 24 h. A correlative histology confirmed increased necrosis and hemorrhage. Twice-weekly doses of KGP265 caused significant growth delay in both MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 breast tumors, with no obvious systemic toxicity. A combination with carboplatin produced significantly greater tumor growth delay than carboplatin alone, though significant carboplatin-associated toxicity was observed (whole-body weight loss). KGP265 was found to be effective at low concentrations, generating long-term vascular shutdown and tumor growth delay, thus providing strong rationale for further development, particularly in combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Guo
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (Y.G.); (H.W.); (J.L.G.); (M.L.)
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Honghong Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (Y.G.); (H.W.); (J.L.G.); (M.L.)
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jeni L. Gerberich
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (Y.G.); (H.W.); (J.L.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Samuel O. Odutola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (S.O.O.); (A.K.C.-S.); (R.P.T.); (J.K.T.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Amanda K. Charlton-Sevcik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (S.O.O.); (A.K.C.-S.); (R.P.T.); (J.K.T.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Maoping Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (Y.G.); (H.W.); (J.L.G.); (M.L.)
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rajendra P. Tanpure
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (S.O.O.); (A.K.C.-S.); (R.P.T.); (J.K.T.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Justin K. Tidmore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (S.O.O.); (A.K.C.-S.); (R.P.T.); (J.K.T.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Mary Lynn Trawick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (S.O.O.); (A.K.C.-S.); (R.P.T.); (J.K.T.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Kevin G. Pinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (S.O.O.); (A.K.C.-S.); (R.P.T.); (J.K.T.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Ralph P. Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (Y.G.); (H.W.); (J.L.G.); (M.L.)
- Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Correspondence: (R.P.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (Y.G.); (H.W.); (J.L.G.); (M.L.)
- Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Correspondence: (R.P.M.); (L.L.)
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Liu L, O’Kelly D, Schuetze R, Carlson G, Zhou H, Trawick ML, Pinney KG, Mason RP. Non-Invasive Evaluation of Acute Effects of Tubulin Binding Agents: A Review of Imaging Vascular Disruption in Tumors. Molecules 2021; 26:2551. [PMID: 33925707 PMCID: PMC8125421 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor vasculature proliferates rapidly, generally lacks pericyte coverage, and is uniquely fragile making it an attractive therapeutic target. A subset of small-molecule tubulin binding agents cause disaggregation of the endothelial cytoskeleton leading to enhanced vascular permeability generating increased interstitial pressure. The resulting vascular collapse and ischemia cause downstream hypoxia, ultimately leading to cell death and necrosis. Thus, local damage generates massive amplification and tumor destruction. The tumor vasculature is readily accessed and potentially a common target irrespective of disease site in the body. Development of a therapeutic approach and particularly next generation agents benefits from effective non-invasive assays. Imaging technologies offer varying degrees of sophistication and ease of implementation. This review considers technological strengths and weaknesses with examples from our own laboratory. Methods reveal vascular extent and patency, as well as insights into tissue viability, proliferation and necrosis. Spatiotemporal resolution ranges from cellular microscopy to single slice tomography and full three-dimensional views of whole tumors and measurements can be sufficiently rapid to reveal acute changes or long-term outcomes. Since imaging is non-invasive, each tumor may serve as its own control making investigations particularly efficient and rigorous. The concept of tumor vascular disruption was proposed over 30 years ago and it remains an active area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.L.); (D.O.); (R.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Devin O’Kelly
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.L.); (D.O.); (R.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Regan Schuetze
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.L.); (D.O.); (R.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Graham Carlson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (G.C.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Heling Zhou
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.L.); (D.O.); (R.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Mary Lynn Trawick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (G.C.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Kevin G. Pinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (G.C.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Ralph P. Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.L.); (D.O.); (R.S.); (H.Z.)
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Serkova NJ, Glunde K, Haney CR, Farhoud M, De Lille A, Redente EF, Simberg D, Westerly DC, Griffin L, Mason RP. Preclinical Applications of Multi-Platform Imaging in Animal Models of Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1189-1200. [PMID: 33262127 PMCID: PMC8026542 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In animal models of cancer, oncologic imaging has evolved from a simple assessment of tumor location and size to sophisticated multimodality exploration of molecular, physiologic, genetic, immunologic, and biochemical events at microscopic to macroscopic levels, performed noninvasively and sometimes in real time. Here, we briefly review animal imaging technology and molecular imaging probes together with selected applications from recent literature. Fast and sensitive optical imaging is primarily used to track luciferase-expressing tumor cells, image molecular targets with fluorescence probes, and to report on metabolic and physiologic phenotypes using smart switchable luminescent probes. MicroPET/single-photon emission CT have proven to be two of the most translational modalities for molecular and metabolic imaging of cancers: immuno-PET is a promising and rapidly evolving area of imaging research. Sophisticated MRI techniques provide high-resolution images of small metastases, tumor inflammation, perfusion, oxygenation, and acidity. Disseminated tumors to the bone and lung are easily detected by microCT, while ultrasound provides real-time visualization of tumor vasculature and perfusion. Recently available photoacoustic imaging provides real-time evaluation of vascular patency, oxygenation, and nanoparticle distributions. New hybrid instruments, such as PET-MRI, promise more convenient combination of the capabilities of each modality, enabling enhanced research efficacy and throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Serkova
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
- Animal Imaging Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kristine Glunde
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, and the Sydney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chad R Haney
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | | | | | | | - Dmitri Simberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David C Westerly
- Animal Imaging Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lynn Griffin
- Department of Radiology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Ralph P Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
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